CN115506832A - A small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, roadheader and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, a heading machine and a construction method, wherein the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device comprises a fresh air system and a dust removal system; the fresh air system comprises a fresh air distributor; the dust removal system comprises a dust remover, a top dust collection shield and side dust collection shields positioned on two sides of the top dust collection shield; a fresh air distribution device, a top dust absorption shield and a side dust absorption shield enclose a fresh air environment operation space; one ends of the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield are dust suction ports, and air outlets at the other ends of the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield are connected with an air inlet of the dust remover; the fresh air distributor is provided with a plurality of air outlets facing the operation space; the dust collection port of the top dust collection shield is used as the front, the air outlet of the top dust collection shield is used as the rear, the front is the same as the tunneling direction, the air outlet of the fresh air distributor is located in front of the air outlet of the dust remover, and the dust collection ports of the top dust collection shield and the side dust collection shields are located in front of the air outlet of the fresh air distributor. The invention avoids a high-power dust-absorbing fan and a long and large air duct, and has good dust-removing effect.

Description

A small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, roadheader and construction method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of excavation engineering machinery for underground engineering, and in particular relates to a small-area compound ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, a roadheader and a construction method.

Background technique

The excavation working face of underground engineering is a single-head working environment, and the dust during the rock breaking process affects the health of the staff and also affects the construction. Existing roadheader dust removal methods include water mist spraying, foam covering, and negative pressure vacuuming. A high-pressure water mist generator, a foam generator, and a dust suction fan are installed on the roadheader. Although these dust removal and dust suppression devices have certain effects, they cannot prevent the dust from spreading from the front to the rear, and there are also problems such as complex structures, large work space, high cost, or potential safety hazards.

The existing water mist dedusting has two sets of internal spray and external spray in the roadheader system. The inner spray effect is better than the outer spray. However, in most cases, the failure of the internal spray is very frequent, and the external spray is often used alone, and the dust reduction effect cannot meet the basic requirements at all. Moreover, spraying a large amount of water can easily lead to muddying of broken rock blocks, and even trap the excavation equipment and affect the construction. Although there are many technological advancements in the roadheader for dust removal in this way, it is theoretically impossible to achieve complete dust removal, so it is even more impossible to achieve indoor air quality.

The structure of the foam generator on the excavation equipment is simple. During use, the dust is sealed into the broken rock mass by covering the cutting head. However, it is easy to cause the dust and air in the shelter to increase during the construction of this device. pressure sudden ejection and other problems. Therefore, there will be a small amount of dust overflow. Another point is that this dust removal method is not suitable for removing wind-blown dust in the area between the working face and the air outlet of the alley. So the operator of this roadheader is still in a small amount of dust working environment. Covering dust may also cause a serious safety hazard, that is, the gas attached to the coal body is released at the moment of excavation. Full coverage is likely to cause the gas below the overburden to exceed the limit. In addition, the high-speed rotation of the cutting head may cause sparks and cause gas explosions.

The roadheader with negative pressure dust suction has a better effect in practice. The existing dust removal method is to set a dust suction port in the middle of the tunnel head, and install the dust suction fan at the distance of 5-10m from the air inlet of the roadway. Then use a hard blower to connect the vacuum fan to the suction port. This kind of negative pressure dust suction tunneling machine, because the dust removal needs a suction capacity higher than the air volume of the air inlet fan, the volume of the negative pressure dust suction device equipped with it is very large, and when used, the large and hard air cylinder occupies the excavation space, and the movement of the dust suction fan and other issues have a great impact on construction. In order to avoid this effect, some roadheaders install the dust collection fan on the body of the roadheader to avoid the movement of the long blower and the dust suction fan, but in fact there is a safety problem of a large amount of circulating air on the working face. The existing roadway fresh air duct has only one air outlet, and the method of mounting the dust suction fan on the body of the roadheader makes a large part of the dust air circulation in the excavation working face, so the dust removal effect is not good, and the key is that there are potential safety hazards.

To sum up, although the existing dust removal equipment has a certain effect, the common problem is that the dust removal equipment has a great impact on production, and the dust removal effect is not ideal, let alone the fresh air working environment.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, a roadheader and a construction method. No circulating air is formed on the excavation machine body, which avoids the influence of the long air duct in the working area of the roadway and ensures the fresh air environment.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

A small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, including a fresh air system and a dust removal system; The air distributor, the top dust shield and the side dust shield form an operating space;

One end of the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield is the dust suction port, and the other end air outlets of the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield are connected to the air inlet of the dust collector; the fresh air air distributor is equipped with multiple air outlets And the air outlet faces the operation space; the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield is the front, the air outlet of the top dust suction shield is the rear, the front is in the same direction as the excavation, and the air outlet of the fresh air distribution device is located in front of the air outlet of the dust collector. The suction ports of the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield are located in front of the air outlet of the fresh air distributor.

Preferably, the fresh air system also includes a roadway fresh air duct, a joint and an induced draft duct

The air outlet end of the roadway fresh air cylinder is slidingly connected with the air inlet end of the induced draft cylinder through the joint, and the air outlet end of the induced draft cylinder is connected with the air inlet of the fresh air distribution device; the induced air cylinder and the roadway fresh air cylinder are arranged in a gap in the radial direction.

Preferably, the dust removal system includes a top dust-collecting air duct; the top dust suction shield includes several top trend bar shields arranged at intervals in the transverse direction, the length direction of the top trend bar shields is arranged along the excavation direction, and the front end of the top trend bar shields is a dust suction The air outlet at the top of the strip shield is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection duct, and the air outlet of the top dust collection air duct is connected to the air inlet of the dust collector. During construction, it can go from two adjacent tops to the strip shield. Drive the bolt into the gap between them.

Further, the dust removal system includes a side dust collection air duct, and the side dust suction shield includes several side direction bar shields arranged at intervals in the vertical direction;

The length direction of the side shield is arranged along the excavation direction, the front end of the side shield is the dust suction port, the rear air outlet of the side shield is connected to the air inlet of the side dust collection air duct, and the side dust collection air duct exits. The tuyere is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection air duct, and during construction, the anchor rod can be driven into the gap between the adjacent two sides toward the strip shield.

Preferably, the front end of the top dust suction shield is slidingly connected with a top telescopic shield; the front end of the top telescopic shield is a dust suction port, and the air outlet at the rear end of the top telescopic shield is connected to the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield; the front end of the side dust suction shield is slidingly connected There is a side telescopic shield, the front end of the side telescopic shield is a suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the air outlet of the side telescopic shield is connected to the suction port of the side dust suction shield.

Further, the front end of the top telescopic shield is connected with a top folding shield; the front end of the top folding shield is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the top folding shield can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the top folding shield is connected to the Dust suction port sealed connection;

The front end of the telescopic shield is connected with a folding shield; the front end of the folding shield is a vacuum port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the folding shield can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the folding shield is connected to the vacuum port of the telescopic shield Sealed connection.

Preferably, a support structure is also included; the top dust suction shield, the side dust suction shield, the dust remover and the fresh air distributor are all supported and fixed by the support structure.

Preferably, it also includes a dust curtain and a windshield door for isolating fresh air and dust air; the dustshield curtain is vertically arranged between the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield and the air outlet of the fresh air distributor, and the windshield door is vertically arranged at Between the air outlet of the fresh air distribution device and the air outlet of the dust collector.

A small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader, comprising a roadheader body and the above-mentioned small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device; the roadheader body has an operation platform; the dust removal system and the fresh air distribution device are connected on the operation platform;

The fresh air distributor and dust collector are located at the rear of the operation platform, the top dust suction shield is located above the operation platform, and the side dust suction shields are located on both sides of the operation platform. The operation platform, fresh air distributor, top dust suction shield and side The vacuum shield encloses an operating space.

Preferably, a power control system is arranged on the operating platform of the roadheader body, and a hydraulic system is arranged at the bottom of the roadheader body.

Preferably, it also includes a bottom drilling machine and a top drilling machine; the bottom drilling machine is set on the operation platform, and the top drilling machine is set on the top dust suction shield or between the top dust suction shield and the operation platform.

Preferably, it also includes a scraper conveyor, the front end of the scraper conveyor is connected with a cutting part; the length direction of the scraper conveyor is arranged along the excavation direction and is located under the body of the roadheader, and the scraper conveyor is movably connected with the body of the roadheader through a mutual lifting mechanism.

Further, the cutting part includes a cutting head, the bottom sweeping head is connected to the front end of the scraper conveyor, and the bottom sweeping head is located under the cutting head.

A construction method for a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader, based on the small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader, comprising:

The first step: the top dust shield and side dust shield leave the surrounding rock, and fix the body of the roadheader;

Step 2: Lift the shovel conveyor through the mutual lifting mechanism, so that the shovel conveyor moves forward, and at the same time, the cutting part excavates;

Step 3: After the excavation is in place, lay the mesh and temporarily fix the mesh;

Step 4: Fix the shovel conveyor, and the mutual lifting mechanism lifts the body of the roadheader in reverse, so that the body of the roadheader advances until the top dust suction shield and side dust suction shield reach the area below the roof to be supported;

Step 5: Lift the top dust suction shield and drive the side dust suction shield so that the mesh is laid to the roof support area, and the anchor rod is driven into the gap between the two tops toward the strip shield and the two sides toward the strip shield Or anchor cable fixed mesh;

Step 6: Then return to the first step for the next excavation cycle;

During the above-mentioned entire construction process, the fresh air system and the dust removal system are in the open state, and the negative pressure suction volume of the dust removal system is 1%-10% larger than the air output volume of the fresh air distribution device.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device of the present invention adopts the excavation equipment structure to form a small-area composite ventilation system, and according to the dust formation mechanism and the single-head ventilation of the working surface, scientifically changes the airflow form of the working surface and combines the dust collection method. A mixed ventilation system that combines dust collection and dust suppression with fresh air system. The fresh air distributor, top dust suction shield and side dust suction shield form a fresh air environment operating space, which can be used as an anchor digging work area. Anchor cables and other operations can be constructed in this area. The dust air at the front end of the excavation is sucked in through the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield and discharged at the rear end. Dust is sucked in all directions on the side, and fresh air is replenished in front of the air outlet of the dust removal system through the fresh air distribution device. The single fluidity of the fresh air flow and the negative pressure of the dust suction air prevents the air flow from circulating in this area, ensures the fresh air flow in the operating space, and prevents the conventional strong wind from blowing up the residual dust on the side of the roadway. The fresh air distribution device can also play a role A certain effect of isolating fresh air and dusty air, thus forming a fresh air working environment in the operating space, completely changing the working environment of operators. Since the air volume required by the working environment in a certain area is used as the condition, the fresh air environment can be formed by matching the suction volume and the air intake volume in a specific area, and the fresh air distributor is used to supplement fresh air. Therefore, the air outlet of the dust removal system does not need to be placed in the inlet The staggered distance from the air outlet to the outside of the roadway, the dust suction air volume and fresh air supply volume of the dust removal system can be designed based on the number of personnel in the anchor digging work area and the amount of gas absorbed by the broken rock mass. The volume of the dust suction fan is greatly reduced compared with the conventional design fan. , so that the power of the dust collection fan is reduced, and the size is reduced; that is, the present invention can realize the dust removal effect by using a small-area composite negative pressure dust removal system, avoiding the high-power dust collection fan and the long wind tube, and not needing to place the dust collection fan in the inlet The staggered distance from the tuyere to the outside of the roadway also avoids the impact on production caused by the long air duct in the working area of the roadway.

Further, the roadway fresh air cylinder is fixed on the inner wall of the roadway, and the induced draft cylinder can slide relative to the roadway fresh air cylinder under the action of the joint, so that the length of the induced draft cylinder can be adjusted according to the excavation distance. There is a radial gap between the induced draft tube and the roadway fresh air tube. Through the induced draft tube, part of the fresh air that matches the air intake of the dust removal system is drawn out from the tunnel fresh air tube, instead of all the air intake, so that the volume and power of the dust collection fan can be reduced.

Further, the top dust suction shield is set as a structure of several top-direction bar shields, and each top-direction bar shield is arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction, which is convenient for laying and anchoring construction operations between two top-direction bar shields. Moreover, the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield are distributed with a number of dust suction ports, which overcomes the problem of uneven negative pressure in the prior art of setting a large-size dust suction port, and can ensure the capture of excavation work flour and dust overflowing in all directions.

Further, the side dust suction shield is set as a structure of several side shields, so that the anchor construction operation can be carried out on the side surrounding rock, and the multiple side dust suction ports are more conducive to all-round dust suction and dust removal, ensuring dust suction Effect.

Furthermore, the top telescopic shield is set, and the position of the top suction port can be adjusted according to needs, so as to improve the dust removal efficiency.

Furthermore, the top folding shield is set to make the net laying more flexible during construction.

Further, the dust curtain and the windshield can prevent the dust air generated by excavation from entering the operation space, further improve the air quality of the working environment, and use the staff to carry out work.

The small-area composite ventilation and dust-removing fresh air roadheader of the present invention is not improved on the basis of the original technology, but uses the tunneling equipment to form a small-area composite ventilation. Specifically, an operation platform is set on the body of the roadheader, and dust removal is also set on the operation platform. System and fresh air system, operating platform, fresh air distribution device, top dust suction shield and side dust suction shield form an operation space, which can be used as an anchor digging work area, and the staff can construct anchor cables and other operations in this area. . The dust air at the front end of the excavation is sucked in through the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield and discharged at the rear end. The setting of the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield can suck dust from the top and both sides in all directions, and the dust removal effect is better. ;Due to the addition of the fresh air distribution device, the fresh air distribution device can distribute the fresh air and send air to the operating space from multiple air outlets, so that the uniform fresh air flow and the single fluidity of the negative pressure of the dust suction air can be guaranteed in the operating space, avoiding The airflow circulates in this area to ensure that the airflow in the operation space will not raise the excavation dust and keep the airflow in the operation space fresh, and it can also prevent the conventional strong windflow from blowing up the residual dust on the side of the roadway. The fresh air distribution device can also play a certain isolation effect , so as to form a fresh air environment in the operating space. Because the air volume is far smaller than the air volume of the air inlet tube according to the operation space to remove gas and personnel needs as the calculation basis, the volume of the required dust suction fan is greatly reduced, and the fresh air is introduced to the rear of the body through the fresh air distributor. Therefore, the present invention does not need Place the dust collector of the dust removal system at a staggered distance from the air inlet of the fresh air duct to the outside of the roadway, and install the dust collector directly on the body of the roadheader without forming a circulating air, and the dust removal system can be realized by using a small-area composite negative pressure system Dust removal avoids the influence of high-power dust collectors and long blowers, and also avoids the influence of long blowers in the roadway working area.

Further, the hydraulic system is arranged at the bottom of the body of the roadheader, which can provide power for the roadheader without affecting the construction operation on the operation platform.

Further, the top drilling rig is arranged on the top dust suction shield or between the top dust suction shield and the operation platform, so that the anchoring operation can be conveniently performed on the operation platform.

Furthermore, the roadheader body and the shovel conveyor are connected through a mutual lifting mechanism, and the mutual lifting connection of the two solves the undercover problem of the weak floor.

In the tunneling construction method of the present invention, during the tunneling process, a fresh air environment is created through the dust removal system and the fresh air system, and the air quality in the operating space reaches the standard. And under the condition that the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield support the mesh, the installation and construction of the bolt and anchor cable can be carried out in the operation space, which has high safety. The body of the roadheader and the shovel conveyor solve the undercover problem of the weak floor by lifting each other.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

In Fig. 2, A is an exploded view of the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in Embodiment 1, B is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction of the fresh air distribution device, and C is a schematic diagram of the flow direction of the air flow in the fresh air transfer unit;

Fig. 3 is the second exploded view of the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in Embodiment 1;

In Fig. 4, A is an exploded view of the small-area composite ventilation, dust removal and fresh air device with a telescopic shield and a folding shield in Embodiment 3; B is a schematic diagram of the connection between the side telescopic shield and the side dust suction shield;

A-D in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the foldable shield in Embodiment 3, E is a schematic diagram of the drive structure of the foldable shield, and F is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device with a telescopic shield and a foldable shield;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device with a relatively closed working environment in embodiment 4;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the small-area compound ventilation and dust removal fresh air device of embodiment 5 arc roof;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device with an arc full section in embodiment 5;

Fig. 9 is the application of the mixed ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in TBM of embodiment 6;

Fig. 10 is the application of the mixed ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in TBM of embodiment 6;

Fig. 11, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 are schematic diagrams of the small-area composite ventilation, dust removal and fresh air roadheader in Embodiment 7;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader in Embodiment 8;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader in Embodiment 9;

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader in Embodiment 10;

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader in Embodiment 11;

Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the roadheader body in Embodiment 12;

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader in Embodiment 13;

Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader in Embodiment 14;

Fig. 21 is a flow chart of the construction method for dust removal and fresh air tunneling of the present invention;

1 fresh air system, 101 roadway fresh air duct, 102 connector, 103 induced draft duct, 104 fresh air control interface, 105 fresh air distribution device, 106 fresh air transfer unit, 2 dust removal system, 201 top dust suction shield, 202 top dust collection air duct , 203 dust collector, 204 support structure, 205 side dust suction shield, 206 side dust collection air duct, 207 side dust collector, 208 top telescopic shield, 209 gang telescopic shield, 210 top folding shield, 211 gang folding shield, 212 gear Dust curtain, 213 windshield, 214 dust intake airflow, 215 dust removal exhaust flow, 216 dust mud, 217 side shield drive, 301 cutting head, 302 cutting arm, 303 cutting slide table, 218 first hydraulic device, 219 first hydraulic device One return spring, 220 second hydraulic device, 221 second return spring, 3 cutting part, 4 shoveling part, 401 shovel plate, 402 slag collecting device, 403 scraper conveyor, 404 bottom sweeping head, 5 drill anchor part, 501 Bottom drilling rig, 502 drilling rig, 503 top drilling rig, 504 side drilling rig, 6 roadheader body, 601 power and control system, 602 body frame, 603 mutual lifting mechanism, 604 self-moving mechanism, 605 hydraulic system, 606 anchor column, 607 shield rack of skates.

detailed description

In order to further understand the present invention, the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the examples. These descriptions are only to further explain the features and advantages of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the claims of the present invention.

In the present invention, "front", "rear", "front end" and "rear end" all refer to the direction of excavation as the front.

Example 1

As shown in FIG. 1 , a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device of the present invention uses small-scale circulating air to form a negative pressure system, including a fresh air system 1 and a dust removal system 2 .

Taking the excavation direction as the front, the air outlet of the fresh air system 1 is located in front of the air outlet of the dust removal system 2, and the dust suction port of the dust removal system 2 is located in front of the air outlet of the fresh air system 1.

As shown in A in FIG. 2 , in this embodiment, the fresh air system 1 includes a roadway fresh air cylinder 101 , a joint 102 , an induced draft cylinder 103 , a fresh air introduction interface 104 , a fresh air distributor 105 and a fresh air adapter unit 106 .

The roadway fresh air cylinder 101 is fixed on the inner wall of the roadway, and the air outlet end of the roadway fresh air cylinder 101 is slidingly connected with the air inlet end of the draft tube 103 through the joint 102. The joint 102 plays the role of connection and guidance, and the draft tube 103 is a hard The air duct is inserted into the roadway fresh air duct 101 and the two can slide relative to each other under the action of the joint 102, and the joint 102 and the air induction duct 103 are provided with a gap in the radial direction.

The air outlet end of the air-inducing tube 103 is flexibly connected to the fresh air inlet port 104 and communicated internally, and the fresh air inlet port 104 is connected to the fresh air adapter unit 106 and communicated internally. The fresh air adapter unit 106 communicates with the fresh air distributor 105 and is fixedly connected with the fresh air distributor 105 . The air outlet of the fresh air distributor 105 is the air outlet of the fresh air system 1 . The air intake of the dust removal system is 1%-15% larger than the air output of the fresh air distributor. The fresh air distribution device 105 has a built-in air volume control valve for controlling the fresh air volume.

As shown in Figure 2, the fresh air introduced from the roadway fresh air tube 101 by B and C air induction tubes 103 is turned through the fresh air introduction interface 104 and the fresh air transfer unit 106 in turn, then enters the fresh air distributor 105, and then is sent to the operation by the fresh air distributor 105. space.

The dust removal system 2 includes a top dust suction shield 201 , a top dust collection air duct 202 , a dust remover 203 and a support structure 204 . The top dust suction shield includes several top direction shields arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction, the length direction of the top direction shields is arranged along the excavation direction, each top direction shield is located in the same horizontal plane, and the top dust collection air duct 202 is located The rear end is arranged vertically with the top shield, the front end of the top shield is the suction port, the rear air outlet of the top shield is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection duct 202, and the outlet of the top dust collection duct 202 The tuyere is connected with the air inlet of the dust remover 203 , and the air outlet of the dust remover 203 is the air outlet of the dust removal system 2 . The dust collector 203 is used for dust suction and dust removal. During construction, the anchor rod can be driven into the gap between two adjacent tops toward the strip shield.

The dust collector 203 is fixedly connected to the top dust collection air duct 202, the rear end of the top dust suction shield is fixedly connected to the top dust collection air duct 202, the top dust collection air duct 202 is supported and fixed on the support structure 204, and the front end of the top dust suction shield is supported and fixed on the support structure 204 . The top of the fresh air transfer unit 106 is provided with a groove, and the bottom of the top dust collection air duct 202 is provided with a bump, and the fresh air transfer unit 106 and the top dust collection air duct 202 are installed together through the protrusion and the groove. The fresh air transfer unit is inlaid with the top dust collection air duct, which can save space and connect the fresh air system and the dust removal system. The support structure 204 can be a leg, which can be optionally designed as an up and down telescopic structure.

As shown in Figure 3, side dust suction shields 205, side dust collection air ducts 206 and side shield drives 303 are installed on both sides of the top dust suction shield 201, and the side dust suction shields 205 include several longitudinally spaced The side goes to the bar shield. The side shield drive 303 can move the side dust suction shield 205 and the side dust collection air duct 206 in the lateral direction, thereby supporting the surrounding rock.

The length direction of the side shields is arranged along the excavation direction, and the side shields located on the same side of the top dust suction shield 201 are in the same longitudinal plane. The suction openings of the side-running bar shield and the top-running bar shield are located in the same longitudinal plane. The side dust-collecting air duct 206 is located at the rear end of the side-trending bar shield and is vertically arranged with the side-trending bar shield. The front end of the side part toward the strip shield is the dust suction port, the rear end of the side part toward the strip shield is connected to the air inlet of the side dust collection air duct 206, and the air outlet of the side dust collection air duct 206 is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection air duct 202 The top of the side dust-collecting air duct 206 is connected and is bent to seal the top dust-collecting air duct 202 , and the side dust-collecting air duct 206 is inserted into the top dust-collecting air duct 202 . A side dust collector 207 is connected to the bottom edge of the side dust collection air duct 206 . The side shield drive 303 is used to adjust the positions of the side dust suction shield 205 and the side dust collection air duct 206 in the transverse direction perpendicular to the excavation direction. The side shield drive 303 includes a hydraulic device and a return spring, the fixed end of the hydraulic device is installed on the support structure, the drive end is connected to the side dust collection air duct 206, one end of the return spring is installed on the support structure, and the other end is connected to the side dust collection air duct . Thereby, it is realized that the side dust suction shield 205 supports or leaves the surrounding rock. During construction, the anchor rod can be driven into the gap between the strip shields from the adjacent two sides.

During work, the dust suction airflow 214 enters the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield from the dust suction port, and after passing through the dust collector 203, the dusty air is mixed with water vapor, and the dust forms a dust slurry 216 to be discharged, and the formed dust removal exhaust flow 215 is Clean air avoids air pollution. In addition, the dust collector can use the wet dust removal fan produced by Shandong New Sunshine Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd. to realize the local removal of dust and directly discharge clean air. At the same time, the fresh air distribution device 105 introduces fresh air into the anchor digging work area, thereby forming a fresh air environment in the anchor digging work area.

In this embodiment, the fresh air distribution device, the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield form an operation space. The setting of dust suction shields on both sides can absorb dust in all directions from the top and both sides, and replenish fresh air in front of the air outlet of the dust removal system through the fresh air distributor to form a fresh air working environment in the operating space. Therefore, the outlet of the dust removal system The air outlet does not need to be placed at a staggered distance from the air inlet to the outside of the roadway, but the dust collector is directly installed at the rear end of the top dust suction shield, in front of the air inlet of the roadway fresh air duct, which is greatly reduced in capacity and volume compared with the conventional design fan, making the dust collection fan The power is reduced and the size is reduced; the present invention avoids the high-power dust suction fan and the long wind cylinder, and does not need to place the dust suction fan in the roadway to stagger the distance from the air inlet of the fresh air cylinder to the outside of the roadway.

Example 2

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the front end of the top dust suction shield 201 in this embodiment is slidably connected with a top telescopic shield 208, the front end of the top telescopic shield 208 is a suction port, and the top telescopic shield 208 The air outlet at the rear end is connected with the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield 201 . The top telescopic shield 208 is connected with the top vacuum shield 201 through a hydraulic device and a return spring to realize the telescopic function.

The front end of side dust suction shield 205 is slidably connected with side telescopic shield 209, and the front end of side telescopic shield 209 is a suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the air outlet of side telescopic shield 209 is connected with side dust suction shield 205 suction port. The side telescopic shield 209 is connected with the side dust suction shield 205 through the first hydraulic device 218 and the first return spring 219 to realize the telescoping function.

The top telescopic shield 208 and the side telescopic shield 209 are powered to move back and forth, so that the position of the air suction port can be adjusted.

Example 3

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, in order to facilitate the support construction, on the basis of Embodiment 2, the front end of the top telescopic shield 208 in this embodiment is connected with a top folding shield 210; the front end of the top folding shield 210 is a dust suction port, The rear end is an air outlet; the top foldable shield 210 can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the top foldable shield 210 is sealed and docked with the dust suction port of the top telescopic shield 208, as shown in Fig. 5A-D.

The front end of the telescoping shield 209 is connected with a folding shield 211; the front end of the folding shield 211 is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; The dust suction port of the shield 209 is sealed butted, as shown in FIGS. 5A-D .

The setting purpose of the top folding shield 210 and the side folding shield 211 is to facilitate the net laying operation. During construction, dust-containing air is sucked through the front ends of the top folding shield 210 and the side folding shield 211.

As shown in Figure 5E, the inner side of the front end of the folding shield 211 is connected to the telescopic shield 209 through the second hydraulic device 220 and the second return spring 221. Similarly, the bottom of the front end of the top folding shield 210 and the top telescopic shield 208 are also connected through the hydraulic device and the second return spring 221. The return force spring is connected, so as to realize the folding and stretching of the top folding shield 210 and the side folding shield 211.

Example 4

As shown in FIG. 6 , in order to better close the middle working space, this embodiment can optionally add a dust curtain 212 and a windshield door 213 on the basis of Embodiment 1, 2 or 3. The dust blocking curtain 212 is vertically arranged below the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield 201 or the top telescopic shield 208 or the top folding shield 210 . The damper 213 is vertically arranged behind the air outlet of the fresh air distributor 105 .

It is also possible to connect the damper 213 with the fresh air distributor 105 as an extended fresh air distributor.

The dust curtain 212 can prevent the dust air generated by excavation from entering the operating space, and the damper 213 can block the communication between the operating space and the rear, preventing the dust air discharged from the dust removal system from entering the operating space. The damper 213 is also connected with the fresh air distributor. The connection is used as an extended fresh air distributor to further improve the air distribution effect, so that a fresh air environment can be formed in the operating space, which is convenient for the staff to carry out work.

Example 5

As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the arc-shaped top fresh wind shield of this embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and each top direction bar shield is arranged in an arc-shaped surface, so that this embodiment can be applied in (all section) in the tunnel boring machine TBM.

Example 6

As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, any small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in Embodiment 1-5 is installed on the body 6 of the roadheader through the support structure 204, which can move with the body of the roadheader, and the support structure 204 can be stretched up and down to drive the small area. The regional compound ventilation and dust removal fresh air device lifts up and down, and at the same time, the side dust suction shield can be stretched left and right.

It is also possible to directly land the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, and protect it on the upper part of the roadheader.

Example 7

As shown in FIG. 11 , the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air roadheader according to the present invention includes a roadheader body 6 , a fresh air system 1 , and a dust removal system 2 . The boring machine body 6 has an operating platform, and the dust removal system 2 is arranged on the operating platform. The air outlet of the fresh air system 1 is connected to the operating platform.

Taking the excavation direction as the front, the air outlet of the fresh air system 1 is located in front of the air outlet of the dust removal system 2, and the dust suction port of the dust removal system 2 is located in front of the air outlet of the fresh air system 1. The air outlet of the fresh air system 1 and the air outlet of the dust removal system 2 are located at the rear end of the operation platform, and the dust suction port of the dust removal system 2 is located at the front end of the operation platform. The space between the air outlet of the fresh air system 1 and the dust suction port of the dust removal system 2 is used as an operating space to form a fresh air environment.

As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 , in this embodiment, the dust removal system 2 includes a top dust suction shield 201 , a top dust collection air duct 202 , a dust remover 203 and a support structure 204 . The top dust suction shield includes several top strip shields arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction, the length direction of the top strip shields is arranged along the excavation direction, each top strip shield is located in the same horizontal plane, and the top dust collection air duct 202 is located at the top The rear end of the strip shield is arranged vertically with the top strip shield. The front end of the top strip shield is the suction port, and the rear air outlet of the top strip shield is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection duct 202. The air outlet of the dust collecting duct 202 is connected with the air inlet of the dust remover 203 , and the air outlet of the dust remover 203 is the air outlet of the dust removal system 2 . The dust collector 203 is used for dust suction and dust removal.

Side dust suction shields 205, side dust collection air ducts 206 and side dust collectors 207 are installed on both sides of the top dust suction shield. The side suction shield 205 includes several side strip shields arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction. The side suction shield 205 can move laterally, so as to achieve the purpose of supporting the surrounding rock of the side.

The length direction of the side strip shields is arranged along the excavation direction, and the side strip shields located on the same side of the top dust suction shield are in the same longitudinal plane. The air inlets of the side dust suction shield 205 and the top dust suction shield 201 are located in the same longitudinal plane. The side dust collection air channel 206 is located at the rear end of the side strip shield and is perpendicular to the side strip shield. The front end of the side strip shield is the suction port, the rear air outlet of the side strip shield is connected to the air inlet of the side dust collection air duct 206, and the air outlet of the side dust collection air duct 206 is connected to the top dust collection air duct 202 air inlet connection. The bottom of the side dust collecting air channel 206 is connected with the side dust collector 207 .

The dust collector 203 is fixedly connected to the top dust collection air duct 202, the top dust suction shield 201, the top dust collection air duct 202, and the side dust collection air duct 206 are all installed on the roadheader body 6 through the support structure 204; the support structure 204 is optional The flexible design is an up and down telescopic structure, and the support structure 204 can also slide through the body 6 of the roadheader and directly land on the ground through the shield shoe 607; The rear end of machine body 6. The width range of the distance between each strip shield in the top direction can be 100-1200mm, and the height range of the top dust suction shield 201 can be 100-800mm. The supporting structure 204 can be driven up and down by a hydraulic cylinder, so that the top dust suction shield can be lifted up and down.

The side dust-collecting air duct 206 is connected to the supporting structure 204 through a two-way hydraulic cylinder or a hydraulic device and a return spring, so that the side dust-collecting air duct 206 can move in a telescopic direction to support or not support the side surrounding rock.

The fresh air system 1 includes a roadway fresh air duct 101 , a joint 102 , an induced draft duct 103 , a fresh air control interface 104 , a fresh air adapter unit 106 and a fresh air distributor 105 . The fresh air control interface 104 communicates with the fresh air distributor 105 through the fresh air adapter unit 106. The fresh air distributor 105 is fixedly connected to the dust removal system 2 and is located at the rear end of the roadheader body 6. The specific fresh air distributor 105 is connected to the fresh air rotor. The connection unit 106 is fixedly connected, and the fresh air connection unit 106 is fixedly connected with the top dust collection air duct 202 .

The roadway fresh air cylinder 101 is fixed on the inner wall of the roadway, and the air outlet end of the roadway fresh air cylinder 101 is slidingly connected with the air inlet end of the draft tube 103 through the joint 102. The joint 102 plays the role of connection and guidance, and the draft tube 103 is hard The diameter of the air duct is smaller than the inner diameter of the roadway fresh air duct 101 and there is a gap greater than 50mm. The induced draft duct 103 is inserted into the interior of the laneway fresh air duct 101 and can slide relatively between the two under the blockage of the joint 102; the air outlet end of the induced draft duct 103 and the The fresh air control interface 104 is flexibly connected and internally communicated, and can be bent at a maximum angle of 20°.

The fresh air distribution device 105 and the dust collector 203 are all located at the rear end of the operating platform, the top dust suction shield 201 is located above the operating platform, and the side dust suction shields 205 are located on both sides of the operating platform. The operating platform, the fresh air distribution device 105, the top The dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205 enclose an operation space; the fresh air distribution device 105 is provided with multiple air outlets for evenly distributing air to the outside, and the air outlets face the operation space, and the air outlet of the fresh air distribution device 105 is the fresh air system 1 air outlet. The fresh air distribution device 105 can control the air volume and wind direction to ensure that the appropriate amount of air supply in the operating space matches the dust suction air volume. The air-inducing tube 103 and the roadway fresh air tube 101 are provided with a gap in the radial direction, so that the required amount of air volume can be drawn from the roadway fresh air tube 101 . Fresh air distribution device 105 has a built-in air volume control valve for controlling the fresh air volume. When in use, the air intake of the dust removal system is 1%-15% larger than the air output of the fresh air distributor.

During construction, after the top dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205 inhale dust-containing air, it is discharged backward after being dedusted by the dust collector 203. In the dust collector 203, the dust is mixed with water vapor to form dust slurry and discharged, and the gas is discharged backward as clean air ; At the same time, the fresh air distributor 105 introduces fresh air into the operating space, thereby forming a fresh air environment in the operating space. The dust collector adopts the wet dust removal fan produced by Shandong New Sunshine Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd., which can realize the local removal of dust and directly discharge clean air.

The operating platform of the present invention, the fresh air distribution device, the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield form an operation space. The setting of the dust shield and the dust suction shield on both sides can absorb dust in all directions from the top and both sides, and replenish fresh air in front of the air outlet of the dust removal system through the fresh air distributor to form a fresh air working environment in the operating space. Therefore, the dust removal system The air outlet does not need to be placed at the staggered distance from the air inlet to the outside of the roadway, but the dust collector is directly set at the rear end of the top dust suction shield, in front of the air inlet of the roadway fresh air duct, which is greatly reduced in capacity and volume compared with the conventional design fan, making the suction The power of the dust fan is reduced, and the size is reduced; the present invention avoids the high-power dust suction fan and the long blower, and does not need to place the dust suction fan in the roadway to stagger the distance from the air inlet of the fresh air pipe to the outside of the roadway.

Example 8

As shown in Figure 14, on the basis of Embodiment 7, this embodiment adds a drill anchor portion 5 between the top dust suction shield 201 and the roadhead machine body 6, and the drill anchor portion 5 includes a bottom drilling machine 501, a top drilling machine 503 and a side Rig 504. Bottom drilling machine 501 is installed on the operating platform, top drilling machine 503 is installed at the bottom of the top dust suction shield 201, and side drilling machine 504 is installed on the side dust suction shield 205, so that the rock bolt rigs at the top and the side can be installed at any time.

Example 9

As shown in FIG. 15 , on the basis of Embodiment 7, in this embodiment, the front ends of the top dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205 are slidably connected to the top telescopic shield 208 and the side telescopic shield 209 . The front end of the top telescopic shield 208 is a suction port, the rear air outlet of the top telescopic shield 208 is connected to the air inlet of the top dust suction shield 201, the front end of the side telescopic shield 209 is an air inlet, and the rear air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the side dust suction shield 205 connect.

The top telescopic shield 208 and the side telescopic shield 209 are slidably connected to the top dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205 respectively. Therefore, this embodiment can extend the range of support and dust suction along with the progress of excavation, and perform support and dust suction more effectively.

Example 10

As shown in FIG. 16 , on the basis of Embodiment 9, the front end of the telescopic top shield 208 in this embodiment is connected with a top folding shield 210 . The front end of the retractable shield 209 is connected with the foldable shield 211. The front end of the top foldable shield 210 is a dust suction port, and the air outlet at the rear end is sealed and connected with the front end dust suction port of the top telescopic shield 208 . The front end of the folding shield 211 is a dust suction port, and the air outlet at the rear end is sealed and docked with the dust suction port at the front end of the telescopic shield 209. The bottom of the front end of the top folding shield 210 is connected to the top telescopic shield 208 through a two-way hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic device with a return spring to realize the folding function; the inner side of the front end of the side folding shield 211 is connected to the side telescopic shield 209 through a two-way hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic device with a return spring and the side telescopic shield 209 connection, so as to realize the folding function.

Both the top folding shield 210 and the side folding shield 211 of the present invention can be folded into the operating space, so that the net can be laid more flexibly during construction.

Example 11

As shown in Figure 17, on the basis of Embodiment 7, in this embodiment, a dust-shielding curtain 212 is set below the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield 201, so that the operating space is isolated from the dust air in front, and the dust collector A damper 213 is arranged in front of the air outlet to isolate the fresh air from the air discharged from the dust collector. The damper 213 communicates with the inside of the fresh air distributor 105 . The dust curtain 212 and the windshield door 213 can prevent the dust air generated by excavation from entering the operation space, and the windshield door 213 can also assist the fresh air distribution device 105 in air distribution to improve the air distribution effect.

Example 12

As shown in FIG. 18 , the roadheader body 6 includes a body frame 602 , and the top surface of the body frame 602 is an operating platform on which a power control system 601 and a drilling rig platform 502 are arranged; the drilling rig platform 502 is provided with a 501 bottom drilling rig. The bottom surface of the body frame 602 is provided with a hydraulic system 605 , a shield frame sliding shoe 607 , and an anchor post 606 . The hydraulic system 605 is a hydraulic station, which provides power for all hydraulic devices on the roadheader, and the power control system 601 is used to control the hydraulic system 605 to provide power for the hydraulic devices. The shield frame sliding shoe 607 passes through the body frame 602 and is connected to the supporting structure 204 . The front end of the body frame 602 is connected with a crawler-type self-moving mechanism 604, which can realize the autonomous movement of the body of the roadheader.

It also includes a shoveling part 4, the shoveling part 4 includes a shovel 401, a slag collecting device 402 and a scraper conveyor 403; the scraper conveyor 403 is arranged along the excavation direction and is located below the body 6 of the roadheader, and the scraper conveyor 403 passes through a mutual lifting mechanism 603 is movably connected with the body 6 of the roadheader. The shovel plate 401 is connected to the front end of the scraper conveyor 403 , and the slag collecting device 402 is installed on the shovel plate 401 .

The front end of the scraper conveyor 403 is connected with a cutting part 3, and the cutting part 3 includes a cutting slide 303, a cutting arm 302 and a cutting head 301; Station 303 is actively connected. The blade 401 is located behind the cutting head 301 .

Example 13

As shown in Fig. 19, this embodiment is based on the seventh embodiment, and each top strip shield is arranged in an arc-shaped surface, so that the full-section support of the arc-shaped roof can be carried out.

Example 14

As shown in Figure 20, on the basis of Embodiment 12, in order to improve the excavation efficiency and remove the cut slag in time, the front end of the scraper conveyor 403 is connected with a bottom sweeping head 404, which is located at Below the cutting head 301, the slag at the bottom is collected into the shovel plate 401 at any time, and sent to the scraper conveyor 403 to be transported away through the transmission system.

As shown in Figure 21, the present invention also provides a dust-removing fresh air excavation construction method, including:

Step 1: Cutting preparation: make the cutting arm 302 fully retracted, and the top dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205 are in the retracted state, even if the top dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205 shrink toward the inside of the roadheader, away from the enclosure Rock 50-100mm;

Step 2: fix the body of the roadheader: anchor the body of the roadheader to the bottom plate through the anchor column 606 in situ positioning;

Step 3: Excavation orientation: lift the shovel conveyor 403 through the mutual lifting mechanism 603, support the ground with the shield shoe 607, and orient through the system positioning;

The fourth step: cutting positioning: lift the cutting arm to make the cutting head 301 stick to the top, and the cutting slide 303 moves forward gradually;

Step 5: cutting advance: the cutting head breaks the rock, and at the same time sweeps the bottom head 404 to work, and pushes the shovel conveyor and the cutting part forward;

Step 6: Judging the advancement progress: If the surrounding rock conditions allow advancing one row of bolt row spacing at a time, then after advancing to a row of bolt row spacing, perform meshing-laying-temporary fixing of the mesh; otherwise, cut while cutting Push one side to lay the net until it reaches a row of anchor rods;

Step 7: Move the shield frame forward: fix the shovel conveyor 403, put away the anchor column 606 and the shield frame sliding shoe 607, and the mutual lifting mechanism 603 reversely lifts the body 6 of the roadheader, so that the body 6 of the roadheader advances until the top is vacuumed The shield and the side suction shield 205 reach below the area to be supported on the roof;

Step 8: Fix the anchor net and construct the anchor rod: After the support structure 204 rises, the support mesh of the top dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205 is close to the surrounding rock, from the two tops to the gap between the strip shields and the two The gap between the strip shields on the side is driven into the anchor rod or the anchor cable to fix the mesh;

Step 9: Return to the first step for the next excavation cycle;

During the entire construction process, the fresh air system 1 and the dust removal system 2 are in the open state, and the negative pressure suction volume of the dust removal system is 1%-10% larger than the air volume of the fresh air distribution device.

The above content is only to illustrate the technical ideas of the present invention, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solutions according to the technical ideas proposed in the present invention shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (14)

1. A small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device is characterized by comprising a fresh air system (1) and a dust removal system (2); the fresh air system (1) comprises a fresh air distributor (105); the dust removal system (2) comprises a dust remover (203), a top dust suction shield (201) and side dust suction shields (205) positioned at two sides of the top dust suction shield (201); an operation space is enclosed by the fresh air distributor (105), the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205);

one ends of the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) are dust suction ports, and air outlets at the other ends of the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) are connected with an air inlet of the dust remover (203); the fresh air distributor (105) is provided with a plurality of air outlets facing the operation space; the dust collection port of the top dust suction shield (201) is used as the front, the air outlet of the top dust suction shield (201) is used as the rear, the front is the same as the tunneling direction, the air outlet of the fresh air distributor (105) is positioned in front of the air outlet of the dust remover (203), and the dust collection ports of the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) are positioned in front of the air outlet of the fresh air distributor (105).

2. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fresh air system (1) further comprises a tunnel fresh air duct (101), a joint (102) and an induced air duct (103)

The air outlet end of the tunnel fresh air duct (101) is in sliding connection with the air inlet end of the induced draft duct (103) through a joint (102), and the air outlet end of the induced draft duct (103) is connected with the air inlet of the fresh air distributor (105); the induced draft tube (103) and the new tunnel air tube (101) are arranged in a gap manner in the radial direction.

3. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dust removal system (2) comprises a top dust collection air duct (202); top dust absorption shield (201) includes that a plurality of interval arrangement's top moves towards strip shield on horizontal, top moves towards strip shield length direction and arranges along the tunnelling direction, the front end that the top moved towards strip shield is the dust absorption mouth, the rear end air outlet and the top of top move towards strip shield collect dirt wind channel (202) air intake intercommunication, the air intake connection of top collection dirt wind channel (202) air outlet and dust shaker (203), during the construction, can follow two adjacent tops and move towards the clearance between the strip shield and squeeze into the stock.

4. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dust removal system (2) comprises a side dust collection air duct (206), and the side dust suction shield (205) comprises a plurality of side walking strip shields which are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction;

the length direction of the side part moving strip shield is arranged along the tunneling direction, the front end of the side part moving strip shield is a dust suction port, an air outlet at the rear end of the side part moving strip shield is connected with an air inlet of a side dust collection air duct (206), an air outlet of the side dust collection air duct (206) is connected with an air inlet of a top dust collection air duct (202), and during construction, an anchor rod can be driven into a gap between two adjacent side part moving strip shields.

5. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a top telescopic shield (208) is connected to the front end of the top dust suction shield (201) in a sliding manner; the front end of the top telescopic shield (208) is provided with a dust suction port, and an air outlet at the rear end of the top telescopic shield (208) is connected with the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield (201); the front end of the side dust collection shield (205) is connected with a side telescopic shield (209) in a sliding manner, the front end of the side telescopic shield (209) is a dust collection port, and the rear end of the side telescopic shield is an air outlet; an air outlet of the side telescopic shield (209) is connected with a dust suction port of the side dust suction shield (205).

6. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the front end of the top telescopic shield (208) is connected with a top folding shield (210); the front end of the top folding shield (210) is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the top folding shield (210) can be folded towards the operating space, and an air outlet of the top folding shield (210) is hermetically connected with a dust suction port of the top telescopic shield (208);

the front end of the upper telescopic shield (209) is connected with an upper folding shield (211); the front end of the side folding shield (211) is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the folding side shield (211) can be folded towards the operating space, and the air outlet of the folding side shield (211) is hermetically connected with the dust suction port of the telescopic side shield (209).

7. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a support structure (204); the top dust absorption shield (201), the side dust absorption shield (205), the dust remover (203) and the fresh air distributor (105) are supported and fixed through a supporting structure (204).

8. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a dust curtain (212) and a damper (213) for isolating fresh air and dust air; the dust blocking curtain (212) is vertically arranged between a dust suction opening of the top dust suction shield (201) and an air outlet of the fresh air distributor (105), and the air blocking door (213) is vertically arranged between the air outlet of the fresh air distributor (105) and an air outlet of the dust remover (203).

9. A small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air heading machine is characterized by comprising a heading machine body (6) and a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device according to any one of claims 1-8; the development machine body (6) is provided with an operation platform; the dust removal system (2) and the fresh air distributor (105) are connected to the operation platform;

fresh air distributor (105) and dust shaker (203) all are located operation platform's rear end, and top dust absorption shield (201) are located operation platform's top, and side dust absorption shield (205) are located operation platform's both sides, and operation platform, fresh air distributor (105), top dust absorption shield (201) and side dust absorption shield (205) enclose into an operating space.

10. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air heading machine according to claim 9, wherein a power control system (601) is arranged on an operation platform of the heading machine body (6), and a hydraulic system (605) is arranged at the bottom of the heading machine body (6).

11. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air heading machine according to claim 9, further comprising a bottom drilling machine (501) and a top drilling machine (503); the bottom drilling machine (501) is arranged on the operating platform, and the top drilling machine (503) is arranged on the top dust suction shield or between the top dust suction shield and the operating platform.

12. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air heading machine as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a scraper conveyor (403), wherein the front end of the scraper conveyor (403) is connected with a cutting part (3); the scraper conveyer (403) is arranged along the tunneling direction in the length direction and is positioned below the tunneling machine body (6), and the scraper conveyer (403) is movably connected with the tunneling machine body (6) through a mutual lifting mechanism (603).

13. The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air heading machine according to claim 12, wherein the cutting part (3) comprises a cutting head (301), a bottom sweeping head (404) is connected to the front end of the scraper conveyor (403), and the bottom sweeping head (404) is located below the cutting head (301).

14. A construction method of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air heading machine, which is characterized in that the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air heading machine based on claim 12 or 13 comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: the top dust absorption shield (201) and the side dust absorption shield (205) leave the surrounding rock and fix the heading machine body (6);

the second step is that: lifting the shovel conveyer (403) through a mutual lifting mechanism (603), so that the shovel conveyer (403) moves forward, and meanwhile, excavating and tunneling the cutting part;

the third step: after the tunneling is in place, paving a mesh sheet and temporarily fixing the mesh sheet;

the fourth step: fixing a shovel plate conveyor (403), lifting the development machine body (6) by a mutual lifting mechanism (603) in a reverse motion manner, and enabling the development machine body (6) to advance until the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) reach the lower part of the region to be supported of the top plate;

the fifth step: jacking the top dust collection shield and driving the side dust collection shield (205) to enable the net sheets to be paved to a top plate supporting area, and driving anchor rods or anchor cables to fix the net sheets into gaps between the two top trend strip shields and the two side trend strip shields;

and a sixth step: then returning to the first step to carry out the next tunneling circulation;

in the whole construction process, the fresh air system (1) and the dust removal system (2) are in an open state, and the negative pressure air suction volume of the dust removal system (2) is 1% -10% greater than the air outlet volume of the fresh air distributor (105).

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