CN115502832A - Method for machining X-direction mountain-shaped guide rail of numerical control high-precision vertical composite grinding center - Google Patents
Method for machining X-direction mountain-shaped guide rail of numerical control high-precision vertical composite grinding center Download PDFInfo
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- CN115502832A CN115502832A CN202211286531.2A CN202211286531A CN115502832A CN 115502832 A CN115502832 A CN 115502832A CN 202211286531 A CN202211286531 A CN 202211286531A CN 115502832 A CN115502832 A CN 115502832A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/004—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding rails, T, I, H or other similar profiles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种数控高精度立式复合磨削中心X向山形导轨加工方法，所述山形导轨由三段结构相同的钢导轨单体组成，上其加工方法包括如下步骤：步骤1、粗加工：每个钢导轨单体单独加工成型；步骤2、精磨钢导轨单体：步骤3、将三段钢导轨单体顺序放置到床身导轨安装座的安装基面上，通过涂色法检验钢导轨单体的底面与床身导轨安装座的安装基面接触情况；步骤4、将钢导轨单体采用紧固螺栓逐一安装到安装基面；步骤5、精磨山形导轨两侧面；步骤6、利用激光自准直仪检验山形导轨直线度。采用新的工艺路线方法通过山形导轨精磨加工就能保证整条导轨的装配精度，消除了由于导轨截型不一致造成的两山形面对接困难的问题。
The invention discloses a method for processing an X-direction mountain-shaped guide rail of a numerically controlled high-precision vertical compound grinding center. The mountain-shaped guide rail is composed of three steel guide rails with the same structure. The processing method includes the following steps: Step 1, rough Processing: each single steel guide rail is processed and formed separately; step 2, finely ground steel guide rail monomer: step 3, place the three sections of steel guide rail monomers in sequence on the installation base surface of the bed guide rail mounting seat, and use the coloring method Check the contact between the bottom surface of the steel guide rail unit and the installation base surface of the bed guide rail mounting seat; step 4, install the steel guide rail unit to the installation base surface one by one with fastening bolts; step 5, finely grind the two sides of the mountain-shaped guide rail; step 6. Use the laser autocollimator to check the straightness of the mountain-shaped guide rail. The assembly accuracy of the entire guide rail can be guaranteed through the fine grinding of the mountain-shaped guide rail by adopting the new process route method, and the problem of difficult connection between the two mountain-shaped surfaces caused by the inconsistency of the guide rail section is eliminated.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于磨床设计技术领域，尤其涉及一种数控高精度立式复合磨削中心X向山形导轨加工方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of grinding machine design, and in particular relates to a method for processing an X-direction mountain-shaped guide rail of a numerically controlled high-precision vertical compound grinding center.
背景技术Background technique
数控立式磨床广泛应用于轴承、军工、机床等行业套类、盘轴类零件的加工，尤其是大型精密轴承加工不可或缺的关键设备。CNC vertical grinding machines are widely used in the processing of bearings, military industry, machine tools and other industries such as sleeves and disc shaft parts, especially the indispensable key equipment for the processing of large precision bearings.
为此我公司研制了数控高精度立式复合磨削中心。该机床采用了独特的大型斜床身布局，X向导轨更是具有区别于其它机床布局的的专有形式，X向导轨选用山形钢导轨和直线滚动导轨块的组合，进而使立柱移动精度更高。For this reason, our company has developed a CNC high-precision vertical compound grinding center. The machine tool adopts a unique large-scale inclined bed layout, and the X-guiding rail has a proprietary form different from other machine tool layouts. The X-guiding rail uses a combination of mountain-shaped steel guide rails and linear rolling guide rail blocks, thereby making the movement accuracy of the column more accurate. high.
但是山形导轨加工和装配难度较大，由于山形导轨截型尺寸较小，热处理时容易翘曲，需要将导轨分成多节，导轨山形截面尺寸加工一致性不好保证，装配时精度调整和对接接口难度很大。However, the processing and assembly of the mountain-shaped guide rail is more difficult. Due to the small cross-sectional size of the mountain-shaped guide rail, it is easy to warp during heat treatment, and the guide rail needs to be divided into multiple sections. Very difficult.
数控高精度立式复合磨削中心X向导轨总长6米，需分成3段2米长导轨进行加工，待精加工后进行组装。The total length of the X-guided guide rail of the CNC high-precision vertical compound grinding center is 6 meters, which needs to be divided into three sections of 2-meter-long guide rails for processing, and then assembled after finishing.
现有加工工艺路线如下：The existing processing route is as follows:
1.钢导轨外协加工成型，各加工面预留0.2mm加工余量。1. The steel guide rail is externally processed and formed, and a machining allowance of 0.2mm is reserved for each processing surface.
2.回厂进行精磨，我厂加工设备为MM7150，可加工导轨长度2米，利用导轨专用磨夹具，先磨削导轨底面，再以底面定位，分别磨削山行两侧表面，要求单根导轨块滚动面对底面平行度小于0.008mm，导轨块滚动面对侧定位面平行度小于0.01/1000mm，导轨块滚动面对称度允差0.01mm。2. Return to the factory for fine grinding. The processing equipment in our factory is MM7150, which can process guide rails with a length of 2 meters. Use the special grinding fixture for guide rails to first grind the bottom surface of the guide rail, and then use the bottom surface to position and grind the surfaces on both sides of the mountain respectively. The parallelism of the bottom surface of the rolling surface of the guide rail block is less than 0.008mm, the parallelism of the side positioning surface of the rolling surface of the guide rail block is less than 0.01/1000mm, and the tolerance of the symmetry of the rolling surface of the guide rail block is 0.01mm.
3.导轨拼接时按导轨字母顺序同字头端对接，接口处用0.02mm塞尺不得插入，导轨两侧面高度差小于0.003mm。装配精度要求导轨块滚动面直线度允差0.008/1000mm，全长0.04mm。3. When the guide rails are spliced, they shall be docked with the leading ends of the guide rails in alphabetical order, and a 0.02mm feeler gauge shall not be inserted at the interface, and the height difference between the two sides of the guide rails shall be less than 0.003mm. The assembly accuracy requires a straightness tolerance of 0.008/1000mm for the rolling surface of the guide rail block, and a total length of 0.04mm.
该工艺路线存在问题是：要磨削3根导轨，9个加工面，需进行9次装卡，山形两侧面平行度、对称度和尺寸一致性无法保证，装配时需反复刮研导轨安装面来满足导轨全长精度和接口接缝双重要求，给刮研工作造成一定难度。The problem with this process route is: to grind 3 guide rails and 9 processing surfaces, 9 times of clamping are required, the parallelism, symmetry and dimensional consistency of the two sides of the mountain shape cannot be guaranteed, and the mounting surface of the guide rails needs to be scraped repeatedly during assembly To meet the dual requirements of the full length accuracy of the guide rail and the interface seam, it will cause certain difficulties for the scraping work.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种数控高精度立式复合磨削中心X向山形导轨加工方法。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for processing an X-direction mountain-shaped guide rail of a CNC high-precision vertical compound grinding center.
本发明是这样实现的，一种数控高精度立式复合磨削中心X向山形导轨加工方法，其特征在于，山形导轨为钢导轨，所述山形导轨由三段结构相同的钢导轨单体组成，每个钢导轨单体均有五个加工面，上述山形导轨的加工方法包括如下步骤：The present invention is achieved in this way, a CNC high-precision vertical compound grinding center X-direction mountain-shaped guide rail processing method, characterized in that the mountain-shaped guide rail is a steel guide rail, and the mountain-shaped guide rail is composed of three steel guide rails with the same structure , each single steel guide rail has five processing surfaces, and the processing method of the above-mentioned mountain-shaped guide rail includes the following steps:
步骤1、粗加工：每个钢导轨单体单独加工成型，且每个钢导轨单体的每个加工面均预留0.2mm加工余量；
步骤2、精磨：利用磨夹具将钢导单体固定的磨床上进行精磨削钢导轨单体的底面及侧定位面，且达到平面度0.006mm；
步骤3、将三段钢导轨单体顺序放置到床身导轨安装座的安装基面上，通过涂色法检验钢导轨单体的底面与床身导轨安装座的安装基面接触情况，修刮床身导轨安装座的安装基面保证钢导轨单体的底面与床身导轨安装座的安装基面接触接触80％以上；
步骤4、将钢导轨单体侧定位面贴紧床身侧定位面后，采用紧固螺栓逐一固定钢导轨单体到安装基面；Step 4. After attaching the side positioning surface of the steel guide rail unit to the bed side positioning surface, use fastening bolts to fix the steel guide rail units to the installation base one by one;
步骤5、将带有山形导轨的床身整体放置在磨床上，根据前、后床身对接面找正，精磨山形导轨两侧面，达到山形导轨滚动面直线度允差0.005/1000mm，全长0.03mm；Step 5. Place the bed with the mountain-shaped guide rail as a whole on the grinding machine, align according to the butt surface of the front and rear bed bodies, and finely grind the two sides of the mountain-shaped guide rail to achieve a straightness tolerance of 0.005/1000mm for the rolling surface of the mountain-shaped guide rail. 0.03mm;
步骤6、调整磨床水平度，利用激光自准直仪检验山形导轨直线度，如不满足再次进行加工。Step 6. Adjust the levelness of the grinding machine, use the laser autocollimator to check the straightness of the mountain-shaped guide rail, and process again if it is not satisfied.
优选的，所述紧固螺栓应选择12.9级高强度螺栓。Preferably, the fastening bolts should be high-strength bolts of grade 12.9.
本发明具有的优点和技术效果：The advantages and technical effects that the present invention has:
采用新的工艺路线方法不但提高了机床导轨的加工精度，而且仅需要保证导轨底面接触良好，通过导轨精磨加工就能保证整条导轨的装配精度，消除了由于导轨截型不一致造成的两山形面对接困难的问题，大幅减少了装配刮研工作量和难度，装配周期可以缩短14天左右。Adopting a new process route method not only improves the machining accuracy of the guide rail of the machine tool, but also only needs to ensure that the bottom surface of the guide rail is in good contact. Through fine grinding of the guide rail, the assembly accuracy of the entire guide rail can be guaranteed, and the two mountain shapes caused by the inconsistency of the guide rail section are eliminated. Faced with the problem of difficult connection, the workload and difficulty of assembly scraping and grinding are greatly reduced, and the assembly cycle can be shortened by about 14 days.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明山形导轨安装结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the mountain-shaped guide rail of the present invention.
图中、1、山形导轨；1-1底面；1-2、侧定位面；1-3、导轨滚动面；2、床身导轨安装座；3、直线滚动导轨块。In the figure, 1, mountain-shaped guide rail; 1-1 bottom surface; 1-2, side positioning surface; 1-3, guide rail rolling surface; 2, bed guide rail mounting seat; 3, linear rolling guide rail block.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
请参阅图1，一种数控高精度立式复合磨削中心X向山形导轨加工方法，山形导轨为钢导轨，请参阅图1，所述山形导轨1由三段结构相同的钢导轨单体组成，每个钢导轨单体均有五个加工面，分别为一个底面1-1，底面与床身导轨安装座的安装基面配合；两个侧定位立面1-2，侧定位立面与床身侧定位面配合以及两个倾斜的导轨滚动面1-3，装配后导轨滚动面1-3与直线滚动导轨块3配合；上述山形导轨的加工方法包括如下步骤：Please refer to Figure 1, a method for processing X-direction mountain-shaped guide rails of CNC high-precision vertical compound grinding centers. , each single steel guide rail has five processing surfaces, respectively a bottom surface 1-1, the bottom surface matches the installation base surface of the bed rail mounting seat; two side positioning elevations 1-2, the side positioning elevation and Cooperate with the positioning surface on the side of the bed and the two inclined guide rail rolling surfaces 1-3. After assembly, the guide rail rolling surfaces 1-3 cooperate with the linear
步骤1、粗加工：每个钢导轨单体单独加工成型，且每个钢导轨单体的每个加工面均预留0.2mm加工余量；
步骤2、精磨：利用磨夹具将钢导单体固定的磨床上进行精磨削钢导轨单体的底面及侧定位面，且达到平面度0.006mm；精加工选用的设备仍采用我厂固有加工设备为MM7150；
步骤3、将三段钢导轨单体顺序放置到床身导轨安装座2的安装基面上，通过涂色法检验钢导轨单体的底面与床身导轨安装座的安装基面接触情况，修刮床身导轨安装座的安装基面保证钢导轨单体的底面与床身导轨安装座的安装基面接触接触80％以上；
步骤4、将钢导轨单体侧定位面贴紧床身侧定位面后，采用紧固螺栓逐一固定钢导轨单体到安装基面；Step 4. After attaching the side positioning surface of the steel guide rail unit to the bed side positioning surface, use fastening bolts to fix the steel guide rail units to the installation base one by one;
步骤5、将带有山形导轨的床身整体放置在磨床上，根据前、后床身对接面找正，精磨山形导轨两侧面，达到山形导轨滚动面直线度允差0.005/1000mm，全长0.03mm；Step 5. Place the bed with the mountain-shaped guide rail as a whole on the grinding machine, align according to the butt surface of the front and rear bed bodies, and finely grind the two sides of the mountain-shaped guide rail to achieve a straightness tolerance of 0.005/1000mm for the rolling surface of the mountain-shaped guide rail. 0.03mm;
步骤6、调整磨床水平度，利用激光自准直仪检验山形导轨直线度，如不满足再次进行加工。Step 6. Adjust the levelness of the grinding machine, use the laser autocollimator to check the straightness of the mountain-shaped guide rail, and process again if it is not satisfied.
优选的，所述紧固螺栓应选择12.9级高强度螺栓。Preferably, the fastening bolts should be high-strength bolts of grade 12.9.
采用新的工艺路线方法，不但提高了机床导轨的加工精度，而且仅需要保证导轨底面接触良好，通过现有导轨精磨加工，不需要高精度加工设备就能保证整条导轨的装配精度，消除了由于导轨截型不一致造成的两山形面对接困难的问题，大幅减少了装配刮研工作量和难度，装配周期可以缩短14天左右。Adopting a new process route method not only improves the machining accuracy of the guide rail of the machine tool, but also only needs to ensure that the bottom surface of the guide rail is in good contact. Through the fine grinding process of the existing guide rail, the assembly accuracy of the entire guide rail can be guaranteed without high-precision processing equipment, eliminating It solves the problem of difficulty in connecting the two mountain-shaped surfaces due to inconsistent section shapes of the guide rails, greatly reduces the workload and difficulty of assembly scraping and grinding, and the assembly cycle can be shortened by about 14 days.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116652528A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-29 | 北京新风航天装备有限公司 | A box with built-in guide rail structure and its processing and installation method |
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