CN115476047A

CN115476047A - Laser etching device is used in production of photoelectric encoder metal code wheel

Info

Publication number: CN115476047A
Application number: CN202211311686.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘静; 孟现明; 何福妹
Original assignee: Dongguan Gaoyueda Electronic Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Dongguan Gaoyueda Electronic Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-10-25
Filing date: 2022-10-25
Publication date: 2022-12-16

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser etching, in particular to a laser etching device for producing a metal code disc of a photoelectric encoder. The laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder is capable of timely cleaning up metal powder. The utility model provides a production of photoelectric encoder metal code wheel is with laser etching device, is equipped with purification mechanism on the observation box including observation box, purification mechanism and clean mechanism etc. and harmful gas that produces when purification mechanism can be to photoelectric encoder metal code wheel etching filters, is equipped with on the mount pad to be used for carrying out the mechanism that cleans of metal powder that produces when photoelectric encoder metal code wheel etching. The control cylinder operates, can make brush reciprocating motion clean the remaining metal powder in metal code wheel surface, through starting the fan of breathing in, can make the suction nozzle that is close to metal code wheel department can in time adsorb the clean metal powder after cleaning, avoids metal powder to glue on the metal code wheel, causes the inconvenient problem of follow-up clearance.

Description

Laser etching device is used in production of photoelectric encoder metal code wheel

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser etching, in particular to a laser etching device for producing a metal code disc of a photoelectric encoder.

Background

The laser etching machine irradiates the surface of a material by using a high-energy laser beam, and a conductive material on the surface of a base material is peeled off, so that a metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder achieves a certain resistance value, and finally the purpose of etching is achieved.

Through retrieval, patent publication No. CN111283331A, publication No. 6/16/2020, discloses a laser etching apparatus, which includes a mounting table, a laser etching head, a protection member, and a suction member; the laser etching head and the shield are disposed on a bottom side of the mounting table, the shield disposed around the laser etching head to form a dust suction cavity; the air suction piece is provided with an air suction pipe in a matching mode, and the air inlet end of the air suction pipe is communicated with the dust suction cavity. Although the above patent can realize the adsorption of particles or exhaust gas generated during the etching of the material, there are certain disadvantages: because conducting material can form harmful gas and metal powder under the etching effect of high temperature, remain easily on conducting material's surface to the relatively great metal powder of part granule, and take place to glue easily and glue, only rely on the adsorption affinity of piece of breathing in alone and difficult completely adsorb remaining metal powder totally, and then it is comparatively troublesome when leading to follow-up clearance.

Therefore, it is necessary to improve the above-mentioned defects and provide a laser etching device for producing a metal code disc of an optical-electrical encoder, which can clean metal powder in time.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defect that when the conductive material is etched in the patent, partial metal powder with larger particles is difficult to be completely adsorbed, the invention provides the laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder, which can timely clean the metal powder.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a laser etching device for producing a metal code disc of a photoelectric encoder, which comprises a material discharging box, a mounting seat, an observation box and a laser etching machine, wherein the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the material discharging box, the observation box is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting seat, the laser etching machine is installed on the observation box, the laser etching machine also comprises a material discharging plate, a purifying mechanism, a cleaning mechanism and an adsorption mechanism, the material discharging plate is arranged on the mounting seat in a drawing mode, the purification mechanism is arranged on the observation box and can filter harmful gas generated in the process of etching the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder, the cleaning mechanism for cleaning metal powder generated in the process of etching the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder is arranged on the mounting seat, and the adsorption mechanism for absorbing the cleaned metal powder is arranged between the observation box and the cleaning mechanism.

It is particularly preferred, purification mechanism is including collecting the box, the breathing pipe, the connecting pipe, the switching pipe, the suction nozzle, breathe in fan and active carbon filter screen, install two on the observation box and collect the box, the gas vent that is used for the harmful gas exhaust after filtering is all opened to one side that two collection boxes kept away from each other, install two breathing pipes on the mount pad, the one end that two breathing pipes are close to each other all runs through the lateral wall in the observation box, the one end that two breathing pipes kept away from each other is connected with the connecting pipe and communicates, one side that two collection boxes are close to each other all is connected with the switching pipe and communicates, two switching pipes all run through the lateral wall in the observation box, the one end that two connecting pipes kept away from each other all passes the lateral wall and the switching union coupling and the intercommunication of observation box, be close to switching pipe department on two connecting pipes and all be connected with the suction nozzle and communicate, two switching pipes all are equipped with the suction fan, start the suction fan makes harmful gas absorb through the suction nozzle, the active carbon filter screen that is used for harmful gas is installed to all the formula in two collection boxes.

Particularly preferably, clean the mechanism including support, cylinder, mounting panel and brush, install two supports on the mount pad, all install the cylinder on two supports, the telescopic link of cylinder runs through in the mount pad, and the telescopic link tip rigid coupling of cylinder has the mounting panel, and detachable joint has the brush that is used for cleaning metal powder on the mounting panel.

Particularly preferably, adsorption apparatus constructs including the leading truck, intake pipe and suction nozzle, and the leading truck has been worn to connect by the equal slidingtype of two breathing pipes department on the observation box, and the equal slidingtype cover is equipped with the intake pipe in two breathing pipes, and the one end that two intake pipes are close to each other all passes the leading truck and rather than the rigid coupling, has seted up the spout on two mounting panels, and the suction nozzle that is used for absorbing metal powder is installed to embedded the spout, suction nozzle and intake-tube connection and intercommunication.

Particularly preferably, the material placing plate further comprises a positioning column, and the positioning column is installed on the material placing plate in a threaded mode.

It is especially preferred, still including the complementary unit who is used for intermittent type nature reinforcing suction nozzle adsorption affinity, complementary unit is including the wedge pole, the connecting plate, the guide holder, elastic component and sprue, the equal rigid coupling in one side of two mounting panels has the wedge pole, the upper end of two wedge poles is the inclined plane setting, the inside one side rigid coupling that is close to the wedge pole of observation box has two guide holders, the slidingtype is equipped with the connecting plate between two guide holders, the cover is equipped with the elastic component on the guide holder, the elastic component both ends are connected respectively on connecting plate and guide holder, the tip of connecting plate respectively with the upper end contact of two wedge poles, the sprue is all installed to the wedge pole department that is close to on the connecting plate, and the sprue is located the suction nozzle under, when the mounting panel drives the direction of wedge pole to the guide holder and removes, make the wedge pole can promote connecting plate and sprue rebound, so that the sprue can seal up the suction nozzle.

Particularly preferably, still including being used for carrying out spacing fixture to the photoelectric encoder metal code wheel of placing on the blowing board, fixture is including the guide pin bushing, the ejector pin, the guide arm, clamp splice and compression spring, the inside rigid coupling of mount pad has two guide pin bushings, the equal slidingtype cross-under of two guide pin bushings has the ejector pin, the one end that two ejector pins are close to the brush is the inclined plane setting, the other end and the blowing board of two ejector pins are connected, the equal slidingtype of one side that is close to the brush on the mount pad has the guide arm, the equal rigid coupling of one side that two guide arms are close to each other has the clamp splice, the one end that has the inclined plane on the ejector pin contacts with the clamp splice, make the guide arm can promote the clamp splice and draw close to the centre when promoting the blowing board to close, be used for pressing from both sides tightly photoelectric encoder metal code wheel, all the cover is equipped with compression spring on two guide arms, compression spring's both ends are connected respectively on guide arm and mount pad.

Especially preferred, still including being used for piling up the mechanism of striking off that scrapes the metal powder on the active carbon filter screen, strike off the mechanism including the dead lever, carriage and scraper blade, two equal rigid couplings in top of collecting the box have the dead lever, the slip cover is equipped with the carriage on the dead lever, and the carriage slidingtype runs through in the upper portion of collecting the box, the cover is equipped with reset spring on the dead lever, reset spring's both ends are connected respectively on carriage and collection box, the equal rigid coupling in lower part of two carriages has two scraper blades, and two scraper blades are located the both sides of active carbon filter screen respectively and rather than the contact, it can strike off to the accumulational metal powder on the active carbon filter screen to extrude the carriage downwards so that the scraper blade on it can the lapse.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the air cylinder is controlled to operate, the hairbrush can move back and forth to clean metal powder remained on the surface of the metal coded disc, the air inlet nozzle close to the metal coded disc can adsorb the cleaned metal powder in time by starting the air suction fan, and the problem that the metal powder is adhered to the metal coded disc to cause inconvenience in subsequent cleaning is avoided; and simultaneously, harmful gas can be extracted out through the suction nozzle, and under the filtering action of the activated carbon filter screen, the harmful gas generated by etching the metal code disc can be purified, so that the influence of the harmful gas on the health of people is avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a sight glass and laser etcher of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the mounting base, the discharging plate and the positioning post of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a part of the purification mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the purging mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the cleaning mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the adsorption mechanism and the auxiliary mechanism according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the adsorption mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the clamping mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the scraping mechanism of the present invention.

The labels in the figures are: 1-discharge box, 2-mounting seat, 20-discharge plate, 21-positioning column, 3-observation box, 4-laser etching machine, 5-purification mechanism, 51-collection box, 52-suction pipe, 53-connecting pipe, 54-adapter pipe, 55-suction nozzle, 56-suction fan, 57-activated carbon filter screen, 6-cleaning mechanism, 61-support, 62-cylinder, 63-mounting plate, 64-brush, 65-chute, 7-adsorption mechanism, 71-guide frame, 72-air inlet pipe, 73-air inlet nozzle, 8-auxiliary mechanism, 80-wedge rod, 81-connecting plate, 82-guide seat, 83-elastic piece, 84-block, 9-clamping mechanism, 91-guide sleeve, 92-ejector rod, 93-guide rod, 94-clamping block, 95-compression spring, 10-scraping mechanism, 101-fixing rod, 102-sliding frame, 103-scraper blade, 104-reset spring.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, and the terms "mounted," "provided," "connected," and the like are to be broadly interpreted, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-11, the laser etching device for producing a metal code disc of a photoelectric encoder provided by the invention comprises a material discharge box 1, a mounting seat 2, a material discharge plate 20, an observation box 3, a laser etching machine 4, a purification mechanism 5, a cleaning mechanism 6 and an adsorption mechanism 7, wherein the mounting seat 2 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the material discharge box 1 through bolts, the material discharge plate 20 is arranged on the mounting seat 2 in a drawing mode, a positioning column 21 is arranged at the middle part of the material discharge plate 20 in a threaded mode, the positioning column 21 is used for limiting the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder, the model of the positioning column 21 can be changed in specific conditions, the observation box 3 is fixedly connected to the top part of the mounting seat 2 through bolts, transparent glass for observing the etching condition of the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder is installed on the observation box 3 in an embedded mode, the laser etching machine 4 is assembled on the upper part of the observation box 3 through bolts, two purification mechanisms 5 are arranged on the observation box 3, the cleaning mechanism 6 is arranged on the mounting seat 2, the cleaning mechanism 6 is used for cleaning metal powder generated during etching of the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder in time, and avoiding the trouble caused by the adhesion of the metal code disc of the metal powder, the adsorption mechanism 7 when the photoelectric encoder is cleaned, and the observation box 3, and the adsorption mechanism 7 is arranged between the observation box.

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 11, the purifying mechanism 5 includes collecting boxes 51, an air suction pipe 52, a connecting pipe 53, a switching pipe 54, an air suction nozzle 55, an air suction fan 56 and an activated carbon filter screen 57, two collecting boxes 51 are installed on the observation box 3 through bolts, exhaust ports are opened on the sides of the two collecting boxes 51 far away from each other, two air suction pipes 52 are installed on the installation base 2, the ends of the two air suction pipes 52 close to each other are connected and communicated with the observation box 3, the ends of the two air suction pipes 52 far away from each other are connected and communicated with the connecting pipe 53, the sides of the two collecting boxes 51 close to each other are connected and communicated with the switching pipe 54, the ends of the two connecting pipes 53 far away from each other penetrate through the rear side of the observation box 3 and are connected and communicated with the switching pipe 54, the positions of the two connecting pipes 53 close to the switching pipe 54 are connected and communicated with the air suction nozzle 55, the air suction nozzle 55 is used for absorbing harmful gas generated when the photoelectric encoder metal code disc is etched, the air suction fan 56 for providing adsorption force is installed in the two collecting boxes 51, and the filter screen 57 for generating harmful gas when the metal code disc etching.

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 7 and 8, the cleaning mechanism 6 includes a support 61, a cylinder 62, a mounting plate 63 and a brush 64, two supports 61 are mounted on the mounting base 2, the cylinders 62 are mounted on the two supports 61 through bolts, a telescopic rod of the cylinder 62 penetrates through the mounting base 2, the end of the telescopic rod of the cylinder 62 is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 63 through bolts, the brush 64 convenient to detach and replace is clamped on the mounting plate 63, and the brush 64 is used for timely cleaning metal powder generated during etching of a metal code disc of an optical-electrical encoder.

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 8 and 9, the adsorption mechanism 7 includes a guide frame 71, an air inlet pipe 72 and an air inlet nozzle 73, the guide frame 71 is slidably connected to one side of the observation box 3 close to the two air inlet pipes 52, the air inlet pipe 72 is slidably sleeved in the two air inlet pipes 52, one end of each of the two air inlet pipes 72 close to each other passes through the guide frame 71 and is fixedly connected with the guide frame 71, a sliding groove 65 is formed in the middle of each of the two mounting plates 63, the air inlet nozzle 73 used for absorbing metal powder is installed in the sliding groove 65 in an embedded manner, the top of the air inlet nozzle 73 is connected and communicated with the air inlet pipe 72, and the air inlet nozzle 73 can synchronously reciprocate along with the brush 64 and is used for timely adsorbing and cleaning the cleaned metal powder.

Referring to fig. 1 and 8, the metal powder dust collector further includes an auxiliary mechanism 8, the auxiliary mechanism 8 includes a wedge rod 80, a connecting plate 81, guide seats 82, an elastic member 83 and a blocking block 84, the wedge rod 80 is fixedly connected to the two mounting plates 63, the upper ends of the two wedge rods 80 are both arranged in an inclined plane, two guide seats 82 are fixedly connected to the inside of the observation box 3, the connecting plate 81 is slidably arranged between the two guide seats 82, the elastic member 83 is sleeved on the two guide seats 82, two ends of the elastic member 83 are respectively connected to the connecting plate 81 and the guide seats 82, two ends of the connecting plate 81 are respectively in contact with the upper ends of the two wedge rods 80, the blocking block 84 is mounted at two ends of the connecting plate 81, and the blocking block 84 is located right below the air suction nozzle 55, when the two wedge rods 80 move towards directions close to each other, the connecting plate 81 and the blocking block 84 can be pushed to move upwards, so that the blocking block 84 can seal the air suction nozzle 55, further, the adsorption force of the air suction nozzle 73 can be enhanced, and metal powder can be adsorbed cleanly.

When a metal code wheel (hereinafter referred to as metal code wheel) of a photoelectric encoder needs to be etched, the discharging plate 20 can be pulled out, the metal code wheel is placed on the discharging plate 20, the metal code wheel is sleeved on the positioning column 21, and the discharging plate 20 is pushed back, so that the metal code wheel can be in a relatively closed space environment during processing, and harmful gas generated during etching of the metal code wheel is prevented from being diffused, and the influence on the health of people is avoided; the surface of the metal coded disc can be etched by starting the laser etching machine 4, the high-energy laser beam irradiates the surface of the metal coded disc through the laser etching machine 4, so that the conductive material on the surface of the metal coded disc can be stripped, harmful gas can be generated under the irradiation of high temperature by the conductive material, the air suction fan 56 can be started, the harmful gas in the observation box 3 can be absorbed through the air suction nozzle 55, the absorbed harmful gas can be discharged from the exhaust port under the filtering action of the activated carbon filter screen 57, and when the conductive material on the surface of the metal coded disc is etched, the conductive material with larger particles at the stripped part is easy to remain on the surface of the metal coded disc, the conductive material with larger particles is also metal powder, when the metal coded disc is etched and then treated, the metal powder remaining on the surface of the metal coded disc is easy to adhere, which causes trouble in the subsequent cleaning, so that the metal powder remaining on the surface of the metal coded disc is necessary to be cleaned in time. The air cylinder 62 is controlled to enable the telescopic rod on the air cylinder 62 to drive the mounting plate 63 and the brush 64 to perform reciprocating operation, so that the brush 64 can clean metal powder remained on the surface of the metal code disc, the air cylinder 62 can drive the air inlet pipe 72 and the air inlet nozzle 73 to synchronously slide when in operation, so that the cleaned metal powder can be timely adsorbed and cleaned through the air inlet nozzle 73, the air cylinder 62 drives the mounting plate 63 to perform reciprocating movement, the wedge-shaped rod 80 can also be intermittently contacted with the connecting plate 81, so that the blocking block 84 can regularly and intermittently seal the air inlet nozzle 55, when the blocking block 84 is matched with the air inlet nozzle 55, the air inlet nozzle 55 can be sealed, further, the air suction pipe 52, the connecting pipe 53 and the adapter pipe 54 can only extract air through the air inlet nozzle 73, the adsorption force of the air suction fan 56 can be increased, the metal powder can be completely adsorbed, the trouble of subsequent cleaning can be avoided, and the adsorbed metal powder can be filtered through the activated carbon filter screen 57; when the block 84 is separated from the suction nozzle 55, the harmful gas in the observation box 3 can be absorbed by the suction nozzle 55, and the metal code disc can be etched by the reciprocating operation. In operation, the angle and the position of the laser beam irradiation can be correspondingly adjusted by adjusting parameters on the laser etching machine 4, so that the metal code disc can be etched to different degrees.

Example 2

On the basis of embodiment 1, referring to fig. 2 and 10, the metal code disc cleaning device further includes a clamping mechanism 9, the clamping mechanism 9 includes guide sleeves 91, ejector rods 92, guide rods 93, clamp blocks 94 and compression springs 95, two guide sleeves 91 are welded inside the mounting base 2, the ejector rods 92 are slidably connected in the two guide sleeves 91 in a penetrating manner, rear ends of the two ejector rods 92 are arranged in an inclined manner, front ends of the two ejector rods 92 are connected with a front portion of the discharge plate 20, two guide rods 93 are slidably connected in a penetrating manner in the middle of the mounting base 2, the clamp blocks 94 are fixedly connected to sides of the two guide rods 93 close to each other through bolts, the rear ends of the ejector rods 92 are in contact with the clamp blocks 94, when the discharge plate 20 is pushed to be closed, the guide rods 93 can push the clamp blocks 94 to be close to the middle to clamp the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder, so that the metal code disc is prevented from rotating when the brush 64 cleans metal powder on the metal code disc, and cleaning of the metal code disc is incomplete, the reset springs 95 for moving the clamp blocks 94 are sleeved on the two guide rods 93, and two ends of the guide rods 95 are respectively connected to the mounting base 2.

When promoting blowing board 20 and closing, will drive ejector pin 92 and carry out synchronous motion for ejector pin 92 can push away clamp splice 94 and slide to the direction of reference column 21, can press from both sides tight fixedly to the metal code wheel through two clamp splice 94's clamping action, can improve the efficiency of brush 64 to the metal powder clearance on metal code wheel surface, when avoiding because of brush 64 is reciprocal to cleaning the metal code wheel surface, can make the metal code wheel take place to rotate, thereby the influence is to the clearance effect of metal powder.

Example 3

On the basis of embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 11, the present disclosure further includes a scraping mechanism 10, the scraping mechanism 10 includes a fixing rod 101, a sliding frame 102, scraping plates 103, and a return spring 104, the fixing rod 101 is welded to the tops of the two collection boxes 51, the sliding frame 102 is slidably sleeved on the fixing rod 101, the sliding frame 102 slidably penetrates through the upper portion of the collection box 51, the return spring 104 for restoring the sliding frame 102 upwards is sleeved on the fixing rod 101, two ends of the return spring 104 are respectively connected to the sliding frame 102 and the collection box 51, the lower portions of the two sliding frames 102 are respectively fixedly connected to the two scraping plates 103 through countersunk bolts, the two scraping plates 103 are respectively located at two sides of the activated carbon filter screen 57 and contact with the activated carbon filter screen 57, when the sliding frame 102 is pressed downwards so that the scraping plates 103 thereon slide downwards, metal powder accumulated on the activated carbon filter screen 57 can be scraped, and blockage of the activated carbon filter screen 57 is avoided.

When the accumulational metal powder in active carbon filter screen 57 surface is more, make active carbon filter screen 57 take place to block up easily, and then can influence carminative dynamics, consequently it regularly clears up active carbon filter screen 57 to be necessary very much, through pressing down carriage 102, reset spring 104 is compressed, make the both sides face that scraper blade 103 can paste active carbon filter screen 57 carry out the lapse, and then can strike off the accumulational metal powder in active carbon filter screen 57 surface, the metal powder after striking off will fall on the bottom of collecting box 51, be convenient for collect the processing in unison, after loosening carriage 102, can drive carriage 102 and scraper blade 103 upwards to slide through reset spring 104 elasticity and reset.

The above examples are merely representative of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these are all within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a production of photoelectric encoder metal code wheel is with laser etching device, including blowing case (1), mount pad (2), observation box (3) and laser etching machine (4), the rigid coupling has mount pad (2) on blowing case (1), the top rigid coupling of mount pad (2) has observation box (3), install laser etching machine (4) on observation box (3), a serial communication port, still including blowing board (20), purification mechanism (5), clean mechanism (6) and adsorption apparatus structure (7), the pull formula is equipped with blowing board (20) on mount pad (2), be equipped with purification mechanism (5) on observation box (3), harmful gas that produces when purification mechanism (5) can be to photoelectric encoder metal code wheel etching filters, be equipped with on mount pad (2) and be used for carrying out the cleaning mechanism (6) of clearing up the metal powder that produces when photoelectric encoder metal code wheel etching, be equipped with between observation box (3) and the cleaning mechanism (6) and be used for carrying out absorptive adsorption apparatus (7) to the metal powder after cleaning.

2. The laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder according to claim 1, wherein the purification mechanism (5) comprises a collection box (51), an air suction pipe (52), a connecting pipe (53), a switching pipe (54), an air suction nozzle (55), an air suction fan (56) and an activated carbon filter screen (57), two collection boxes (51) are installed on the observation box (3), exhaust ports for exhausting filtered harmful gas are formed in the sides, far away from each other, of the two collection boxes (51), two air suction pipes (52) are installed on the mounting base (2), the ends, close to each other, of the two air suction pipes (52) penetrate through the side wall of the observation box (3), the ends, far away from each other, of the two air suction pipes (52) are connected with the connecting pipe (53) and communicated, the sides, close to each other, of the two collection boxes (51) are connected with the switching pipe (54) and communicated, the two switching pipes (54) penetrate through the side wall of the observation box (3), the ends, far away from each connecting pipe (53) penetrates through the side wall of the observation box (3) and is connected with the switching pipe (54) and communicated, the connecting pipe (56) is connected with the switching pipe (54), and the connecting pipe (55) for enabling the suction nozzles (56) to be communicated, active carbon filter screens (57) for filtering harmful gases are detachably arranged in the two collecting boxes (51).

3. The laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning mechanism (6) comprises a support (61), a cylinder (62), an installation plate (63) and a hairbrush (64), two supports (61) are installed on the installation seat (2), the cylinder (62) is installed on each of the two supports (61), an expansion link of the cylinder (62) penetrates through the installation seat (2), the installation plate (63) is fixedly connected to the end portion of the expansion link of the cylinder (62), and the hairbrush (64) used for cleaning metal powder is detachably clamped on the installation plate (63).

4. The laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder according to claim 3 is characterized in that the adsorption mechanism (7) comprises a guide frame (71), air inlet pipes (72) and air inlet nozzles (73), the guide frame (71) is connected to the position, close to the two air inlet pipes (52), of the observation box (3) in a sliding mode in a penetrating mode, the air inlet pipes (72) are sleeved in the two air inlet pipes (52) in a sliding mode, one ends, close to the two air inlet pipes (72), of the two air inlet pipes penetrate through the guide frame (71) and are fixedly connected with the guide frame, sliding grooves (65) are formed in the two mounting plates (63), the air inlet nozzles (73) used for absorbing metal powder are embedded in the sliding grooves (65), and the air inlet nozzles (73) are connected with the air inlet pipes (72) and are communicated with each other.

5. The laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a positioning column (21), wherein the positioning column (21) is installed on the material discharging plate (20) in a threaded manner.

6. The laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder according to claim 4, further comprising an auxiliary mechanism (8) for intermittently enhancing the adsorption force of the air inlet nozzle (73), wherein the auxiliary mechanism (8) comprises a wedge rod (80), a connecting plate (81), guide seats (82), an elastic member (83) and a blocking block (84), the wedge rod (80) is fixedly connected to one side of each of the two mounting plates (63), the upper ends of the two wedge rods (80) are both arranged in an inclined plane, the two guide seats (82) are fixedly connected to one side of the inside of the observation box (3) close to the wedge rod (80), the connecting plate (81) is slidably arranged between the two guide seats (82), the elastic member (83) is sleeved on the guide seats (82), the two ends of the elastic member (83) are respectively connected to the connecting plate (81) and the guide seats (82), the end of the connecting plate (81) is respectively contacted with the upper ends of the two wedge rods (80), the blocking block (84) is arranged on the connecting plate (81) close to the wedge rod (80), the blocking block (84) is located under the air inlet nozzle (55), and the connecting plate (80) is driven to move towards the upper end of the connecting plate (80) and the connecting plate (81) so that the connecting plate (80) and the connecting plate (81) can push the connecting plate (84), so that the block (84) can seal the suction nozzle (55).

7. The laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder is characterized by further comprising a clamping mechanism (9) used for limiting the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder placed on the material placing plate (20), wherein the clamping mechanism (9) comprises a guide sleeve (91), an ejector rod (92), a guide rod (93), a clamping block (94) and a compression spring (95), the two guide sleeves (91) are fixedly connected inside the mounting seat (2), the ejector rods (92) penetrate through the two guide sleeves (91) in a sliding mode, one ends, close to the hairbrush (64), of the two ejector rods (92) are arranged in an inclined plane mode, the other ends of the two ejector rods (92) are connected with the material placing plate (20), the guide rod (93) penetrates through one side, close to the hairbrush (64), of the two guide rods (93) are fixedly connected with the clamping block (94), one end, close to the inclined plane, of the ejector rod (92) is in contact with the clamping block (94), when the material placing plate (20) is pushed to be closed, the clamping block (94) can be close to the middle, the two guide rods (93) are connected to the metal code disc (95) in a clamping mode, and the two guide rods (93) are respectively sleeved on the compression spring (95).

8. The laser etching device for producing the metal code disc of the photoelectric encoder as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a scraping mechanism (10) for scraping off metal powder stacked on the activated carbon filter screen (57), wherein the scraping mechanism (10) comprises a fixing rod (101), a sliding frame (102) and scrapers (103), the fixing rod (101) is fixedly connected to the tops of the two collecting boxes (51), the sliding frame (102) is slidably sleeved on the fixing rod (101), the sliding frame (102) slidably penetrates through the upper portion of the collecting box (51), a return spring (104) is sleeved on the fixing rod (101), two ends of the return spring (104) are respectively connected to the sliding frame (102) and the collecting box (51), two scrapers (103) are fixedly connected to the lower portions of the two sliding frames (102), the two scrapers (103) are respectively located on two sides of the activated carbon filter screen (57) and contact with the activated carbon filter screen (57), and the sliding frame (102) is pressed downward so that the scrapers (103) thereon can slide downward to scrape off the metal powder stacked on the activated carbon filter screen (57).