CN115453611B - A method and probe rod for detecting electric pipe jacking - Google Patents
A method and probe rod for detecting electric pipe jacking Download PDFInfo
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- CN115453611B CN115453611B CN202211116112.4A CN202211116112A CN115453611B CN 115453611 B CN115453611 B CN 115453611B CN 202211116112 A CN202211116112 A CN 202211116112A CN 115453611 B CN115453611 B CN 115453611B
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000192 social effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
本发明提供一种电力顶管探测方法及探杆，包括在第一钎探点使用探杆钎探，所述第一钎探点为电力顶管路径标记点中的一个，所述探杆沿圆周均匀设置至少三根钢条，利用探杆头部与电力顶管触碰时产生振动沿电力顶管传递至工井口的特点，使用音频振动器监测电力顶管各管束音频信号，通过各管束音频信号来判断探针头部是否触及电力顶管，从而以钎探点位置和计米器测算的钎探深度来准确确定电力顶管路径和埋深。本发明方法适用广泛，不需开挖深井，能够快捷获取电力顶管路径和埋深，可节省大量人力和物力，具有明显优势的经济和安全性；通过在探杆圆周设置钢条，能够将探杆钎探的偏移量控制在可允许的50～60mm误差范围内。
The present invention provides a method and a probe rod for detecting electric pipe jacking, including using a probe rod to probe at a first probe point, wherein the first probe point is one of the marking points on the path of the electric pipe jacking, and the probe rod is evenly provided with at least three steel bars along the circumference, and the characteristic that the vibration generated when the probe rod head touches the electric pipe jacking is transmitted along the electric pipe jacking to the working well head, and an audio vibrator is used to monitor the audio signals of each pipe bundle of the electric pipe jacking, and the audio signals of each pipe bundle are used to judge whether the probe head touches the electric pipe jacking, so as to accurately determine the path and burial depth of the electric pipe jacking by the position of the probe point and the probe depth calculated by the meter. The method of the present invention is widely applicable, does not require deep well excavation, can quickly obtain the path and burial depth of the electric pipe jacking, can save a lot of manpower and material resources, and has obvious advantages in economy and safety; by arranging steel bars on the circumference of the probe rod, the offset of the probe rod can be controlled within the allowable error range of 50 to 60 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power pipe jacking paths and buried depth detection, in particular to an electric power pipe jacking detection method and a probe rod.
Background
The pipe jacking construction is widely applied to construction of various pipelines in urban underground, wherein the electric power pipe jacking technology is widely applied to construction of cable underground passing through urban roads with great economical efficiency and social effect. However, early engineering construction is limited by the problems of immature construction technology, irregular engineering data management, lagging field detection equipment and the like, and the completion data of the power jacking pipe is in different degrees of missing or not in conformity with the actual completion data, so that the power jacking pipe and the cable are easily damaged due to the fact that the position and depth data of the power jacking pipe are not relatively accurate when excavation, drilling and other constructions are carried out near the power jacking pipe in the later stage, and power failure accidents are caused.
The power push pipe typically uses an MPP power pipe, mainly discussing the detection of a buried power MPP pipe.
In order to acquire the finishing data of the buried power jacking pipe, the currently used jacking pipe detection method mainly comprises the steps of excavating an open caisson in a jacking pipe section, and detecting by using a path detector or an inertial gyroscope. However, the deep well is excavated at high cost and long time, and meanwhile, the risks of collapse, insufficient ventilation and illumination and the like exist, the inertial gyroscope detection is only suitable for cable jacking pipe sites with standby pipelines and smooth pipe holes, pipe penetrating detection cannot be carried out under the condition that the standby pipelines or the pipe holes are not blocked, the path detector is used for detecting power jacking pipes with large burial depth (the burial depth of the current power jacking pipes is about 5-10 meters), and due to complex interference factors of urban underground pipeline detection environment, the influence degree of the interference field on underground pipeline detection is difficult to judge, so that the path and the burial depth cannot be accurately judged.
In the face of external force damage caused by missing or inaccurate power pipe-jacking path and embedded depth information, a widely applicable detection method is needed to quickly and accurately acquire power pipe-jacking completion path and embedded depth data information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an electric power jacking pipe detection method and a probe rod, and solves the problems of poor economical efficiency, high safety risk, inaccurate detection data information or narrow application range of the existing detection method.
The invention provides a power jacking pipe detection method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, vertically arranging a probe rod at a first drill rod detection point, and fixing a meter counter on the ground in a manner of clinging to the probe rod, wherein the first drill rod detection point is one of power pipe jacking path marking points;
s2, hammering the drill rod to detect with a first preset hammering force perpendicular to the ground, and obtaining the change condition of the soil penetrating quantity and the rebound force of the probe rod for single hammering;
When the single hammering of the probe rod is less than a sinking preset value and the rebound force is greater than an elastic preset value, preliminarily judging that the head of the probe rod touches the electric jacking pipe, and executing the step S4 after the drill rod detection position and the meter counter value are obtained and recorded;
s3, after horizontally moving the probe rod and the meter counter along the first drill rod detection point by a preset adjustment value, executing a step S2;
S4, tightly attaching an audio vibrator probe to the electric power jacking pipe bundles in the industrial wellhead, hammering the probe rod with a second preset hammering force, acquiring an audio signal of each bundle, and finally judging whether the probe rod head touches the electric power jacking pipe according to the acquired plurality of audio signals;
If the head of the probe rod is determined to touch the power jacking pipe, the probe rod is pulled out, a first drilling point is determined again, and the steps S1-S4 are executed until detection of all power jacking pipe path mark points is completed;
and if the head part of the probe rod is not contacted with the electric jacking pipe, pulling out the probe rod, and executing step S3 based on the pulling-out position of the probe rod.
Preferably, the audio vibrator output end has a plurality of probes, and each probe is electrically connected with the audio vibrator respectively.
Preferably, the range of horizontally moving the probe rod and the meter along the first drill point is within 2m each on the left side and the right side of the first drill point, which are perpendicular to the marking direction of the power jacking pipe path.
Further preferably, the preset adjustment value is 200 mm-500 mm.
Preferably, whether the probe head touches the power jacking pipe is finally judged according to the audio intensity or tone in the plurality of audio signals.
The invention further aims to provide an electric jacking pipe detection probe rod, wherein at least three steel bars are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the probe rod, and the steel bars and the probe rod are integrally formed.
Further preferably, the probe rod is divided into a plurality of sections, and two adjacent sections of probe rods are connected at the connecting end in a threaded manner;
And the steel bars on the circumference of each section of the probe rod can be aligned after the sections of the probe rods are butted.
Still more preferably, the probe rod is round steel or archaeological dedicated probe.
Preferably, the number of steel bars is four.
From the above technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the electric power jacking pipe detection method, the probe rod is used for conducting drilling detection at the initially acquired electric power jacking pipe path marking point, the characteristics that vibration is generated when the head of the probe rod contacts with the electric power jacking pipe and is transmitted to the industrial wellhead along the electric power jacking pipe are utilized, an audio vibrator is used for monitoring audio signals of each tube bundle of the electric power jacking pipe in the industrial wellhead, whether the head of the probe rod contacts with the electric power jacking pipe or not is judged through the audio signals of each tube bundle, and therefore the electric power jacking pipe path and the embedded depth are accurately determined through the drilling detection position and the drilling detection depth measured and calculated by the meter.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a power jacking pipe detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power jacking pipe detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of a head probe of an electric power jacking pipe probe according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3;
The reference numerals indicate a probe rod 1, a meter counter 2, an electric power jacking pipe 3, an industrial wellhead 4, an audio vibrator 5, a probe 6, a head probe rod 7 and a steel bar 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The terms "coupled," "fixed," "configured" and "arranged" are to be interpreted broadly, and, unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined, as being either permanently coupled, removably coupled, or integrally coupled, as being mechanically coupled, as being directly coupled, as being indirectly coupled through an intermediary, as being internally coupled between two members. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. Unless explicitly specified otherwise.
The first embodiment of the invention provides a power jacking pipe detection method, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
The method comprises the following steps of S1, vertically arranging a probe rod 1 at a first drilling point, and fixing a meter counter 2 on the ground in a manner of clinging to the probe rod 1 for measuring and calculating drilling depth, wherein the first drilling point is one of marking points of an electric power pipe jacking path;
It should be noted that the probe rod 1 may be round steel with a diameter of 20 mm-30 mm, so as to ensure that the probe has the characteristic of easy soil penetration, the round steel material is preferably high manganese steel with good wear resistance, the probe rod 1 is divided into multiple sections for facilitating the drilling operation, two adjacent sections are in threaded connection at the connecting end, the probe rod 1 may also be an archaeological special probe, at least three steel bars are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the archaeological special probe along the axial direction by utilizing the characteristic that the archaeological special probe is easy to soil, in a specific embodiment, four steel bars are uniformly arranged on the circumference of each section of the archaeological special probe along the axial direction, and the four steel bars on each section of the archaeological special probe can be aligned after each section of probe is butted. The head of the probe rod 1 is pointed, and is subjected to rounding passivation treatment and then drill detection, so that the probe rod 1 is easy to enter soil, and meanwhile, the damage to the power jacking pipe 3 and the cable in the pipe caused by the combined action of sharp points and external force when the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power jacking pipe 3 can be avoided.
The cable path detector can be used for preliminarily acquiring the marking point of the power jacking pipe path, a coupling method (clamping method) in a non-power-off mode can be adopted, the approximate position of the power jacking pipe path is roughly measured, then paint spraying marks are used on the ground, the fact that the marks are encrypted at the cable turning positions needs to be described is needed, so that the accuracy of path detection is improved, and the method is the prior art and specific operation is not repeated. The electric power pipe jacking path is roughly measured through the cable path detector, the electric power pipe jacking path marking point is marked on the ground, the earthwork is not required to be excavated, the operation is convenient and quick, and the working efficiency of electric power pipe jacking detection can be further improved.
S2, the first preset hammering force is perpendicular to the ground hammering drill rod detection, and the soil penetration quantity and the rebound force change condition of the single hammering probe rod 1 are obtained;
when the soil penetrating amount of the single-hammering probe rod 1 is smaller than a sinking preset value and the rebound force is larger than an elastic preset value, the head of the probe rod 1 is primarily judged to touch the electric jacking pipe 3, and after the drill detection position and the numerical value of the meter 2 are acquired and recorded, the step S4 is executed;
Normally, an operator can determine a depth preset value according to the preliminarily acquired depth information of the marking point of the power push pipe path. According to practical experience, the amount of soil to be deposited will not change after the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power push pipe 3, so the sinking preset value can be set to zero in a specific embodiment.
S3, after horizontally moving the probe rod 1 and the meter 2 along the first drill rod detection point by a preset adjustment value, executing a step S2;
According to the error condition of the obtained power jacking pipe path marking point, the probe rod 1 and the meter 2 need to horizontally move within 2m respectively on the left side and the right side of the first drill rod detection point along the direction perpendicular to the power jacking pipe path, but each time the horizontal movement value is 200-500 mm, namely the value range of the preset adjustment value is 200-500 mm, and the specific value can be flexibly selected by an operator according to the on-site detection condition and experience judgment.
S4, tightly attaching a probe 6 of an audio vibrator 5 to a tube bundle of the electric power jacking tube 3 in the wellhead 4, hammering the probe rod 1 with a second preset hammering force, acquiring an audio signal of each tube bundle, and finally judging whether the head of the probe rod 1 touches the electric power jacking tube 3 according to the acquired multiple audio signals;
If the head of the probe rod 1 is determined to touch the power jacking pipe 3, the probe rod 1 is pulled out, a first drill rod detection point is determined again, and the steps S1-S4 are executed until detection of all power jacking pipe path marking points is completed;
if it is determined that the head of the probe 1 does not touch the power jack 3, the probe 1 is pulled out, and step S3 is performed based on the pulled-out position of the probe 1.
The second preset hammering force aims at enabling the head of the probe rod 1 to touch the electric power jacking pipe 3 to generate vibration, the force is smaller than that of the first preset hammering force, and the electric power jacking pipe 3 and the cable in the pipe are not damaged.
In the embodiment of judging whether the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power push pipe 3 through the audio intensity signal, the audio intensity (amplitude) of each bundle can be obtained one by one through the audio vibrator 5, the maximum difference value of each audio intensity is calculated according to the obtained audio intensities, whether the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power push pipe 3 is finally judged according to the maximum difference value of the audio intensity and the preset signal intensity difference value, if the maximum difference value of the audio intensity is larger than the preset signal intensity difference value, the head of the probe rod 1 is determined to touch the power push pipe 3, otherwise, the head of the probe rod 1 is not touched, and the audio vibrator 5 can be a medical stethoscope for hearing and judging the audio signal intensity through human ears, or an electronic instrument for judging the audio intensity through visual data or image information. In the embodiment of judging whether the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power jacking pipe 3 through the tone signal, when the probe rod 1 is beaten with the second preset hammering force to make the head of the probe rod 1 touch the MPP power pipe, the MPP power pipe emits tone with specific waveform, and the tone is recorded as a preset tone map, so that the audio waveform map of each tube bundle can be acquired one by one through the audio vibrator 5 by means of the probe 6, at this time, the audio vibrator 5 is an electronic instrument, the acquired audio waveform maps are respectively compared with the preset tone map, if one of the audio waveform maps is highly matched with the preset tone map, the head of the probe rod 1 is determined to be in contact with the power jacking pipe 3, otherwise, the high-matching degree can be set to be more than 90%.
In a preferred embodiment, whether the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power jack 3 can be determined by combining two signal types of audio intensity and tone, that is, after the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power jack 3 is primarily determined by the audio intensity signal, whether the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power jack 3 is verified by the tone signal, or after the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power jack 3 is primarily determined by the tone signal, whether the head of the probe rod 1 touches the power jack 3 is verified by the audio intensity signal, so that the accuracy of the determination is further improved.
According to the electric power jacking pipe detection method, as shown in fig. 2, at the initially acquired path mark point of the electric power jacking pipe 3, the probe rod 1 is used for conducting drilling detection, vibration is generated when the head of the probe rod 1 touches the electric power jacking pipe 3 and is transmitted to a wellhead along the electric power jacking pipe, an audio vibrator 5 is used in the wellhead 4 to monitor audio signals of each tube bundle of the electric power jacking pipe, whether the head of the probe rod 1 is in contact with the electric power jacking pipe 3 is judged through the audio signals of each tube bundle, so that the path and the depth of the electric power jacking pipe 3 are accurately determined according to the position of the drilling detection point and the drilling detection depth measured and calculated by the meter 2.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of probes 6 are arranged at the output end of the audio vibrator 5, each probe 6 is electrically connected with the audio vibrator 5, and each probe 6 is respectively clung to the end part of each tube bundle in the process of hammering the probe rod 1 with a second preset hammering force, so that the audio signals of each tube bundle can be monitored simultaneously, and whether the head part of the probe rod 1 is in contact with the electric power jacking tube 3 can be directly judged at one time, thereby further improving the working efficiency.
The second embodiment of the present invention provides an electric power jacking pipe detection probe rod applied to any one of the above electric power jacking pipe detection methods, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, where at least three steel bars 8 are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the probe rod, and the steel bars 8 and the probe rod are integrally formed, so as to ensure the structural strength and verticality of the probe rod.
In a preferred embodiment, in order to facilitate the drilling operation, the probe rod is divided into multiple sections, each section has the same length, each section can be 1.5m,2m, etc., two adjacent sections of probe rods are in threaded connection at the connecting end, the steel bars on the circumference of each section of probe rod can be butted after the sections of probe rods are butted, and fig. 3 shows a head probe rod 7 positioned at the head of the probe rod.
In a more preferred embodiment, the probe rod is a round steel or archaeological-specific probe.
In a more preferred embodiment, the number of the circumferential steel bars 8 is four, and three steel bars can be used, but compared with three steel bars, the four steel bars can be used for fully improving the bending resistance of the probe rod 7 in all directions after being hammered and penetrated into the soil, so that the drilling direction is kept vertically downwards in the drilling process, and the drilling offset is reduced.
In a more preferred embodiment, the steel bars 8 are arranged axially along the probe to reduce the resistance of the steel bars 8 to penetration into the earth and to ensure ease of penetration into the earth of the probe.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments may be modified or equivalents may be substituted for some of the features thereof, and that the modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The electric power jacking pipe detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, vertically arranging a probe rod at a first drill rod detection point, and fixing a meter counter on the ground in a manner of clinging to the probe rod, wherein the first drill rod detection point is one of power pipe jacking path marking points;
s2, hammering the drill rod to detect with a first preset hammering force perpendicular to the ground, and obtaining the change condition of the soil penetrating quantity and the rebound force of the probe rod for single hammering;
When the single hammering of the probe rod is less than a sinking preset value and the rebound force is greater than an elastic preset value, preliminarily judging that the head of the probe rod touches the electric jacking pipe, and executing the step S4 after the drill rod detection position and the meter counter value are obtained and recorded;
s3, after horizontally moving the probe rod and the meter counter along the first drill rod detection point by a preset adjustment value, executing a step S2;
S4, tightly attaching an audio vibrator probe to the electric power jacking pipe bundles in the industrial wellhead, hammering the probe rod with a second preset hammering force, acquiring an audio signal of each bundle, and finally judging whether the probe rod head touches the electric power jacking pipe according to the acquired plurality of audio signals;
If the head of the probe rod is determined to touch the power jacking pipe, the probe rod is pulled out, a first drilling point is determined again, and the steps S1-S4 are executed until detection of all power jacking pipe path mark points is completed;
and if the head part of the probe rod is not contacted with the electric jacking pipe, pulling out the probe rod, and executing step S3 based on the pulling-out position of the probe rod.
2. The method for detecting the power jacking pipe according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of probes are arranged at the output end of the audio vibrator, and each probe is electrically connected with the audio vibrator.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the probe rod and the meter are horizontally moved along the first drill point within 2m each on the left and right sides of the first drill point perpendicular to the marking direction of the power jacking pipe path.
4. The power jacking pipe detection method according to claim 3, wherein the preset adjustment value is 200-500 mm.
5. The method for detecting the power jacking pipe according to claim 1, wherein whether the probe head touches the power jacking pipe is finally judged according to the acquired plurality of audio signals, specifically whether the probe head touches the power jacking pipe is finally judged according to audio intensity or tone in the plurality of audio signals.
6. An electric power jacking pipe detection probe rod applied to the electric power jacking pipe detection method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that at least three steel bars are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the probe rod, and the steel bars and the probe rod are integrally formed.
7. The power jacking pipe detection probe rod according to claim 6, wherein the probe rod is divided into a plurality of sections, and two adjacent sections of probe rods are connected through threads at the connecting end;
And the steel bars on the circumference of each section of the probe rod can be butted after the sections of the probe rods are butted.
8. The power jacking pipe detection probe according to claim 7, wherein the probe is round steel or an archaeological special probe.
9. The power jacking pipe detection probe according to claim 8, wherein the number of the steel bars is four.
10. The power jacking pipe detection probe according to claim 9, wherein the steel bars are arranged along the axial direction of the probe.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211116112.4A CN115453611B (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | A method and probe rod for detecting electric pipe jacking |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211116112.4A CN115453611B (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | A method and probe rod for detecting electric pipe jacking |
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| CN115453611B true CN115453611B (en) | 2025-04-04 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06242254A (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-09-02 | Kubota Corp | Underground probing device in pipe jacking method |
| CN109594574A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-09 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Large-scale push pipe open caisson reversed construction method based on the confined space |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110485473B (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-05-28 | 郑州安源工程技术有限公司 | Assembly type recyclable rectangular working well with preset detachable door opening and construction method thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06242254A (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-09-02 | Kubota Corp | Underground probing device in pipe jacking method |
| CN109594574A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-09 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Large-scale push pipe open caisson reversed construction method based on the confined space |
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