CN115450327A - Method for constructing box-type building and box-type building constructed by same - Google Patents
Method for constructing box-type building and box-type building constructed by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN115450327A CN115450327A CN202211063811.7A CN202211063811A CN115450327A CN 115450327 A CN115450327 A CN 115450327A CN 202211063811 A CN202211063811 A CN 202211063811A CN 115450327 A CN115450327 A CN 115450327A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a box type building construction method and a box type building constructed by the same, wherein the box type building construction method comprises the following steps: s1, transporting the prefabricated part to an assembly site; s2, fixing the lower prefabricated unit on an assembly site; s3, hoisting the upper-layer prefabricated unit and lowering the upper-layer prefabricated unit to the upper side of the lower-layer prefabricated unit; s4, vertically penetrating a connecting screw rod into the first pore channel and the second pore channel, wherein one end part of the connecting screw rod is exposed in the first hand hole, and the other opposite end part of the connecting screw rod is exposed in the second hand hole; and S5, respectively locking nuts on two end parts of the connecting screw rod to fixedly connect the upper-layer prefabricated unit above the lower-layer prefabricated unit. The lower prefabricated unit and the upper prefabricated unit can be prefabricated and produced in a modularized manner, dry connection is realized on site through the connecting screw rods and the like, the assembly work of the box-type building can be completed, and the time and the workload of site construction are reduced; and (6) disassembling and transferring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to a method for building a box type building and the box type building.
Background
The construction of cast-in-place structures, i.e. the working modes from formwork erecting, reinforcing steel bar binding to concrete pouring, has been widely applied to the field of building production as the most traditional construction mode. However, the traditional cast-in-place building has the problems of unrepeatable disassembly and installation, long construction period, low production efficiency, uneven engineering quality level, high labor intensity and the like. In contrast, although the prefabricated building can effectively reduce labor force and avoid environmental pollution, the existing assembly construction method mainly includes manufacturing local components in a factory and then transporting the local components to a site for assembly.
Although the prefabricated building mode can effectively control the quality of components and moderately improve the production efficiency, the operation mode of wet operation is still inevitably used in the field installation process, the processes of field operation are increased, and the prefabricated building mode cannot be repeatedly disassembled and assembled for multiple use, so that the advantages of the prefabricated building mode cannot be fully embodied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a box type building capable of being repeatedly disassembled and assembled and the box type building.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: provided is a method for constructing a box type building, including the steps of:
s1, transporting prefabricated parts which are prefabricated to an assembly site;
the prefabricated member comprises at least one lower layer prefabricated unit and at least one upper layer prefabricated unit;
s2, fixing the lower prefabricated unit on a preset position of an assembly site;
s3, hoisting and lowering the upper prefabricated unit to the upper side of the lower prefabricated unit, and enabling a second hole channel of the upper prefabricated unit, penetrating through the bottom of the upper prefabricated unit, to be in butt joint with and communicated with a first hole channel of the lower prefabricated unit, penetrating through the top of the lower prefabricated unit;
s4, vertically penetrating a connecting screw rod into the first pore channel and the second pore channel which are communicated with each other, wherein one end part of the connecting screw rod is exposed in a first hand hole communicated with the first pore channel, and the other opposite end part of the connecting screw rod is exposed in a second hand hole communicated with the second pore channel;
and S5, respectively locking nuts on two end parts of the connecting screw rod, so that the upper-layer prefabricated unit is fixedly connected above the lower-layer prefabricated unit.
Preferably, the lower prefabricated unit comprises a first bottom plate and two first external wall plates vertically connected to two opposite side ends of the first bottom plate respectively; the first pore canal is arranged inside the upper end of the first external wall panel and penetrates through the top of the first external wall panel, and the first hand hole is arranged at the upper end of the inner surface of the first external wall panel and is communicated with the first pore canal;
the upper-layer prefabricated unit comprises a second bottom plate, two second outer wall plates and a top plate, wherein the two second outer wall plates are respectively vertically connected to two opposite side ends of the second bottom plate, and the top plate is connected to the tops of the second outer wall plates; the second pore passage is arranged in the lower end of the second outer wall plate and penetrates through the bottom of the second outer wall plate, and the second hand hole is arranged at the lower end of the inner surface of the second outer wall plate and is communicated with the second pore passage;
in step S3, the second bottom plates of the upper prefabricated units are aligned and placed on the tops of the first bottom plates and the first external wall plates of the lower prefabricated units, and the two second external wall plates of the upper prefabricated units are aligned above the two first external wall plates respectively.
Preferably, in step S5, at least one nut is fed into the first hole passage through the first hand hole, and the nut is sleeved and locked on the end of the connecting screw rod located in the first hole passage;
and feeding at least one other nut into the second pore channel through the second hand hole, and sleeving and locking the nut on the end part of the connecting screw rod positioned on the second pore channel.
Preferably, the top of the first external wall panel is provided with a first tongue-and-groove, and the bottom of the second external wall panel is provided with a second tongue-and-groove matched with the first tongue-and-groove;
in step S3, the bottom of the second external wall board and the top of the first external wall board are aligned and joined by the matching of the first tongue-and-groove and the second tongue-and-groove.
Preferably, the lower prefabricated unit further comprises at least one first partition wall; the first partition wall is vertically connected to the first bottom plate and is spaced between the two first external wall panels; the upper prefabricated unit also comprises at least one second partition wall; the second partition wall is vertically connected between the second bottom plate and the top plate and is spaced between the two second outer wall plates;
in step S3, the second bottom plate is further supported on the top of the second partition wall.
Preferably, in step S2, two or more lower prefabricated units are placed at predetermined positions of an assembly site, and the lower prefabricated units are sequentially prestressed, tensioned and fixed in the horizontal direction to be spliced into a lower structure; placing two or more than two upper-layer prefabricated units above the lower-layer structure, and sequentially carrying out prestress tensioning and fixing on the upper-layer prefabricated units in the horizontal direction to splice into an upper-layer structure;
and in the step S4, the upper-layer prefabricated units and the lower-layer prefabricated units which are in one-to-one correspondence are connected through a plurality of connecting screw rods.
Preferably, in the lower prefabricated unit, at least one first wire passing hole is formed in the first bottom plate, and the first wire passing hole extends along the splicing direction of the lower prefabricated unit and penetrates through two opposite side surfaces of the first bottom plate;
in the upper-layer prefabricated unit, at least one second wire passing hole is formed in the second bottom plate, extends along the splicing direction of the upper-layer prefabricated unit and penetrates through two opposite side surfaces of the second bottom plate;
in the step S2, the steel strands penetrate into the first wire passing holes of all the lower-layer prefabricated units, the steel strands are elastically retracted after being tensioned, and tensile stress is transmitted to the lower-layer prefabricated units through an anchorage device so that the lower-layer prefabricated units are mutually spliced;
and penetrating other steel strands into the second wire passing holes of all the upper-layer prefabricated units, utilizing the steel strands to elastically retract after tensioning, and transmitting the tensile stress to the upper-layer prefabricated units through an anchorage device so as to enable the upper-layer prefabricated units to be mutually spliced.
Preferably, in step S2, a positioning device is laid on the predetermined position in advance;
placing two or more lower-layer prefabricated units on the positioning device, and sequentially carrying out prestress tensioning and fixing on the lower-layer prefabricated units in the horizontal direction to splice into a lower-layer structure; and placing two or more than two upper-layer prefabricated units above the lower-layer structure, and sequentially carrying out prestress tensioning and fixing on the upper-layer prefabricated units in the horizontal direction to splice an upper-layer structure.
The invention also provides a box-type building built by adopting the building method, which comprises at least one lower-layer prefabricated unit, at least one upper-layer prefabricated unit and a plurality of connecting components;
the lower prefabricated unit comprises a first bottom plate and two first external wall plates which are respectively and vertically connected to two opposite side ends of the first bottom plate; the upper end of the inner surface of the first external wall panel is provided with a first hand hole, a first pore passage penetrating the top of the first external wall panel is formed inside the upper end of the first external wall panel, and the first hand hole is communicated with the first pore passage;
the upper-layer prefabricated unit comprises a second bottom plate, two second outer wall plates and a top plate, wherein the two second outer wall plates are respectively vertically connected to two opposite side ends of the second bottom plate, and the top plate is connected to the tops of the second outer wall plates; a second hand hole is formed in the lower end of the inner surface of the second outer wallboard, a second pore passage penetrating through the top is formed in the lower end of the second outer wallboard, and the second hand hole is communicated with the second pore passage;
the upper prefabricated unit is arranged above the lower prefabricated unit, the bottom of the second external wall plate is matched with the top of the first external wall plate through a tongue-and-groove, and the first pore channel is communicated with the second pore channel;
the connecting assembly comprises a connecting screw rod, the connecting screw rod penetrates through the first hole channel and the second hole channel and is locked in the first hole channel and the second hole channel, and the first outer wallboard and the second outer wallboard are connected into a whole from top to bottom.
Preferably, the connection assembly further comprises at least two nuts;
the connecting screw rod penetrates through the first pore channel and the second pore channel which are communicated with each other; at least one nut enters the first hole passage through the first hand hole and is locked on the end part of the connecting screw rod, which is positioned on the first hole passage; and at least one other nut enters the second hole passage through the second hand hole and is locked on the end part of the connecting screw rod positioned in the second hole passage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the lower prefabricated unit and the upper prefabricated unit can be prefabricated and produced in a modularized mode, dry connection is achieved through connecting screws and the like on site, the assembly work of the whole box type building can be completed, and the time and the workload of site construction are reduced; the dry connection also realizes the detachable transfer of the box type building, and the box type building can be repeatedly disassembled and assembled to realize multiple turnover use; the influence of site operation on the surrounding environment is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a box-type building according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lower prefabricated unit in the box-type building according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the lower prefabricated unit shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an upper prefabricated unit in the box-type building according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the upper tier precast unit shown in FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a connection portion of a box-type building between a lower prefabricated unit and an upper prefabricated unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stretch-splicing in a method of constructing a box-type building according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a positioning device in a method for constructing a box-type building according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to the method for building the box-type building, the prefabricated parts prepared in advance are conveyed to an assembly site and connected in a dry mode to form the integral box-type building, and wet operation is performed without pouring concrete, so that the working procedures and the operation time are reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the method for constructing a box-type building of the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1, transporting the prefabricated member to an assembly site.
The pre-cast elements comprise at least one lower pre-cast element 10 and at least one upper pre-cast element 20.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the lower prefabricated unit 10 may include a first bottom panel 11, two first external wall panels 12, and at least one first partition wall 13. Two first external wall panels 12 are vertically connected to opposite lateral ends of the first bottom panel 11, respectively, to form a partial external wall structure. The first external wall panel 12 and the first bottom panel 11 are integrally formed by casting in a mold. A first partition wall 13 is vertically connected to the first bottom panel 11 and spaced between the two first external wall panels 12 for dividing the space inside the lower prefabricated unit 10 into two or more compartments. The first partition wall 13, the first external wall panel 12 and the first bottom panel 11 are integrally formed by casting in a mold.
According to the use requirement of the box type building, at least one first external wall panel 12 of the two first external wall panels 12 is provided with at least one of a window 14 and a door opening, and the window 14 is used for installing a window component and can be opened and closed as the box type building, so that ventilation, light passing and the like are facilitated. The first partition wall 13 may be provided with a door opening 15 for communicating the adjacent two compartments, as required.
In the prefabricated unit 10 of the lower layer, the first external wall panel 12 is provided with at least one first hand hole 101 and at least one first tunnel 102. Wherein a first hand hole 101 is prefabricated on the upper end of the inner surface of a first external wall panel 12 (the surface facing another first external wall panel 12), and a first hole 102 is prefabricated inside the upper end of the first external wall panel 12 and through the top of the first external wall panel 12, and is connected to the first hand hole 101. The first porthole 102 extends inside the upper end of the first exterior wall panel 12 and terminates at the first hand hole 101, i.e.: and is connected and communicated with the first hand hole 101.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the upper prefabricated unit 20 may include a second bottom plate 21, two second outer wall plates 22, at least one second partition wall 23, and a top plate 24. Two second external wall panels 22 are vertically connected to opposite side ends of the second base panel 21, respectively, to form a partial external wall structure. The second outer wall plate 22 and the second bottom plate 21 are integrally formed by casting in a mold. A second partition wall 23 is vertically connected to the second bottom plate 21 and spaced between the two second exterior wall plates 22 for dividing the space in the upper precast unit 20 into two or more compartments. The second partition wall 23, the second outer wall panel 22 and the second bottom plate 21 are integrally formed by casting in a mold. The top plate 24 is connected above the second outer wall plate 22 and the second partition wall 23 in parallel opposition to the second bottom plate 21, forming the upper prefabricated unit 20 of the box structure. The top plate 24 is integrally formed with the second partition wall 23, the second exterior wall plate 22 and the second bottom plate 21 by casting in a mold.
According to the use requirement of the box type building, at least one of the two second outer wall boards 22 is provided with at least one of a window 24 and a door opening, and the window 24 is used for installing a window component and is used as an openable window of the box type building, so that ventilation, light passing and the like are facilitated. The second partition wall 23 may be provided with a door opening 25 for communicating the adjacent two compartments, as required.
Referring to fig. 4-5, the second outer wall 22 has at least one second hand hole 201 and at least one second hole 202. A second hand hole 201 is prefabricated to be formed at the lower end of the inner surface of the second exterior wall panel 22 (the surface facing the other second exterior wall panel 22), and a second hole 202 is prefabricated to be formed inside the lower end of the second exterior wall panel 22 and to penetrate the bottom of the second exterior wall panel 22 while communicating with the second hand hole 201.
In addition, the second duct 202 extends inside the lower end of the second exterior wall panel 22 and also communicates with the second hand hole 201 and continues to extend upward such that the second hand hole 201 is in communication with a location approximately in the middle of the second duct 202.
And S2, fixing the lower prefabricated unit 10 at a preset position of an assembly site.
And S3, hoisting and lowering the upper prefabricated unit 20 to the upper part of the lower prefabricated unit 10, and enabling the second hole channel 202 penetrating through the bottom of the upper prefabricated unit 20 to be butted and communicated with the first hole channel 102 penetrating through the top of the lower prefabricated unit 10.
Wherein the second bottom plate 21 of the upper prefabricated unit 20 is aligned on top of the first bottom plate 11, the first outer wall plates 12 and the first partition wall 13 of the lower prefabricated unit 10, and the two second outer wall plates 22 of the upper prefabricated unit 20 are aligned above the two first outer wall plates 12, respectively.
In order to improve the accurate alignment of the upper prefabricated unit 20 and the lower prefabricated unit 10, the two units can be matched through a tongue-and-groove. Correspondingly, the top of the first external wall panel 12 is provided with a first rabbet 16, and the bottom of the second external wall panel 22 is provided with a second rabbet 27 matched with the first rabbet 16; the bottom of the second external wall panel 22 is aligned with the top of the first external wall panel 12 through the matching of the first rabbet 16 and the second rabbet 27. The tongue-and-groove fit also effectively seals the joint of the second external wall panel 22 and the first external wall panel 12, and the like, so that a waterproof effect is achieved.
And S4, vertically penetrating the connecting screw rod 31 into the first pore passage 102 and the second pore passage 202 which are communicated, wherein one end part of the connecting screw rod 31 is exposed in the first hand hole 101 communicated with the first pore passage 102, and the other opposite end part of the connecting screw rod 31 is exposed in the second hand hole 201 communicated with the second pore passage 202.
To further facilitate the assembly and connection, the connecting screw 31 may be placed in the first duct 102 or the second duct 202 after the lower prefabricated unit 10 and the upper prefabricated unit 20 are prefabricated and formed. For example, the connecting screw 31 is placed in the second hole 202 in advance, one end of the connecting screw 31 passes through the second hand hole 201 and enters one end of the second hole 202 above the second hand hole 201, and the other end of the connecting screw 31 is located in one end of the second hole 202 below the second hand hole 201.
After the upper prefabricated unit 20 is placed on the lower prefabricated unit 10 and the first pore passages 102 are in one-to-one butt joint communication with the second pore passages 202, the connecting screw 31 in the second pore passages 202 is pulled down, so that the lower parts of the connecting screw also enter the first pore passages 102; opposite ends of the connecting screw 31 are exposed to the first hand hole 101 and the second hand hole 201, respectively.
And S5, respectively locking nuts 32 and 33 on two end parts of the connecting screw rod 31, so that the upper-layer prefabricating unit 20 is fixedly connected above the lower-layer prefabricating unit 10.
At least one nut 32 is fed into the first hole 102 through the first hand hole 101, and the nut 32 is locked on the end of the connecting screw 31 located in the first hole 102. Another at least one nut 33 is fed into the second bore 202 through the second hand hole 201, and the nut 33 is locked around the end of the connecting screw 31 located in the second bore 202, as shown in fig. 6.
The connecting screw 31 and the cooperating nuts 32, 33 thereon form the connecting assembly 30.
In some embodiments, when the lower layer structure of the box-type building is composed of two or more lower prefabricated units 10 and the upper layer structure is also composed of two or more upper prefabricated units 20, the construction method is as follows:
referring to fig. 7, in step S2, two or more lower prefabricated units 10 are placed at predetermined positions of an assembly site, and the lower prefabricated units 10 are sequentially prestressed and tensioned in a horizontal direction to be fixed, thereby being spliced into a lower structure. Two or more upper prefabricated units 20 are placed above the lower structure, and the upper prefabricated units 20 are sequentially fixed in a prestressed tensioning mode in the horizontal direction to form an upper structure in a splicing mode.
Before the lower-layer prefabricated units 10 are tensioned and fixed, waterproof materials are further arranged on the joint surfaces of the lower-layer prefabricated units 10, so that after two adjacent lower-layer prefabricated units 10 are spliced, sealing is formed between the matched joint surfaces, and the sealing joint and the waterproof effect are achieved. The waterproof material can be, but is not limited to, a waterproof strip.
Similarly, before the upper prefabricated unit 20 is tensioned and fixed, a waterproof material is further arranged on the joint surface of the upper prefabricated unit 20, so that after two adjacent upper prefabricated units 20 are spliced, sealing is formed between the matched joint surfaces, and the sealing joint and the waterproof effect are achieved. The waterproof material can be, but is not limited to, a waterproof strip.
In step S4, the upper prefabricated units 20 and the lower prefabricated units 10 which are one-to-one corresponding to each other are connected by a plurality of connecting screws 31.
In step S5, the nuts 32 and 33 are respectively locked on the two end portions of the connecting screw 31, so as to lock the upper prefabricated unit 20 and the lower prefabricated unit 10.
In an alternative embodiment, the lower prefabricated unit 10 and the upper prefabricated unit 20 are respectively fixed by prestress tensioning through steel strands. As shown in fig. 7 and fig. 2 and 4, in the lower prefabricated unit 10, at least one first wire through hole 18 is provided in the first bottom plate 11, and the first wire through hole 18 extends along the splicing direction of the lower prefabricated unit 10 and penetrates through two opposite side surfaces of the first bottom plate 11. In the upper-layer prefabricated unit 20, at least one second wire through hole 28 is arranged in the second bottom plate 21, and the second wire through hole 28 extends along the splicing direction of the upper-layer prefabricated unit 20 and penetrates through two opposite side surfaces of the second bottom plate 21.
In step S2, the steel strands 40 penetrate into the first wire passing holes 18 of all the lower-layer prefabricated units 10, the steel strands 40 elastically retract after being tensioned, and tensile stress is transmitted to the lower-layer prefabricated units 10 through the anchors, so that the lower-layer prefabricated units 10 are spliced with each other, as shown in fig. 7, from right to left.
And penetrating other steel strands 50 into the second wire passing holes 28 of all the upper-layer prefabricated units 20, elastically retracting the steel strands 50 after tensioning, transmitting tensile stress to the upper-layer prefabricated units 20 through anchors, and splicing the upper-layer prefabricated units 20 with each other, wherein the upper-layer prefabricated units 20 are spliced from right to left in the figure 7.
In another alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the positioning device 60 is laid in advance at a predetermined position on the assembly site. The positioning device 60 may be a frame structure made of hard materials such as metal, the length extension direction of the frame structure is parallel to the splicing direction of the lower prefabricated unit 10, and the two sides of the frame structure may be provided with guiding structures 61 such as positioning guide rails.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, in step S2, two or more lower prefabricated units 10 are placed on the positioning device 60, and the lower prefabricated units 10 are sequentially prestressed, tensioned and fixed in the horizontal direction to be spliced into a lower structure; two or more upper prefabricated units 20 are placed above the lower layer structure, the upper prefabricated units 20 are sequentially subjected to prestress tensioning and fixing in the horizontal direction to be spliced into an upper layer structure, and then the upper layer structure is connected and fixed through a subsequent connecting assembly 30, so that the box type building is built.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the box-type building constructed by the method of the present invention includes at least one lower prefabricated unit 10, at least one upper prefabricated unit 20, and a plurality of connecting members 30.
The lower prefabricated unit 10 and the upper prefabricated unit 20 are prefabricated and molded in a factory and are installed after being transported to a site. The upper prefabricated unit 20 is installed above the lower prefabricated unit 10, and one, two or more upper prefabricated units 20 are sequentially installed above the lower prefabricated unit 10 according to a required height, thereby forming a box type building having two, three or more floors. The connecting assembly 30 is used for connecting the lower prefabricated unit 10 and the upper prefabricated unit 20 into a whole, and is also used for connecting two upper prefabricated units 20 arranged on the upper layer and the lower layer into a whole.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the lower prefabricated unit 10 may include a first bottom panel 11, two first external wall panels 12, and at least one first partition wall 13. Two first external wall panels 12 are respectively and vertically connected to two opposite side ends of the first bottom panel 11 to form a partial external wall structure of the lower layer of the box-type building; the first external wall panel 12 and the first bottom panel 11 are integrally formed by casting in a mold. A first partition wall 13 is vertically connected to the first bottom panel 11 and spaced between the two first external wall panels 12 for dividing the space inside the lower prefabricated unit 10 into two or more compartments. The first partition wall 13, the first external wall panel 12 and the first bottom panel 11 are integrally formed by casting in a mold.
At least one first external wall panel 12 of the two first external wall panels 12 is provided with a window 14 or a door opening or both according to the use requirement of the box type building. The window 14 is used for installing a window component, is used as an openable window of a box type building, and is convenient for ventilation, light transmission and the like; the door opening is used for installing a door body and is convenient to pass in and out. The first partition wall 13 may be provided with a door opening 15 for communicating the adjacent two compartments, as required.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the upper prefabricated unit 20 may include a second bottom plate 21, two second outer wall plates 22, at least one second partition wall 23, and a top plate 24. Two second outer wall boards 22 are respectively and vertically connected with two opposite side ends of the second bottom board 21 to form a partial outer wall structure of the upper layer of the box-type building; the second outer wall plate 22 and the second bottom plate 21 are integrally formed by casting in a mold. A second partition wall 23 is vertically connected to the second bottom plate 21 and spaced between the two second exterior wall plates 22 for dividing the space in the upper precast unit 20 into two or more compartments. The second partition wall 23, the second outer wall panel 22 and the second bottom plate 21 are integrally formed by casting in a mold. The top plate 24 is parallel to and opposite to the second bottom plate 21, and is connected above the second outer wall plate 22 and the second partition wall 23 to form the upper prefabricated unit 20 of the box structure. The top plate 24 is integrally formed with the second partition wall 23, the second exterior wall plate 22 and the second bottom plate 21 by casting in a mold.
At least one of the two second outer panels 22 is provided with a window 24 or a door opening or both according to the use requirement of the box-type building. The window 24 is used for installing a window component and is used as an openable window of a box type building, so that ventilation, light transmission and the like are facilitated; the door opening is used for installing a door body and is convenient to pass in and out. The second partition wall 23 may be provided with a door opening 25 for communicating the adjacent two compartments, as required.
Further, in order to facilitate the assembly of the building on site by using the connecting member 30 for the penetration, referring to fig. 2-3, in the lower prefabricated unit 19, the first external wall panel 12 is provided with at least one first hand hole 101 and at least one first tunnel 102. Wherein a first hand hole 101 is preformed at the upper end of the inner surface of the first external wall panel 12 (the surface facing the other first external wall panel 12), and a first hole 102 is preformed inside the upper end of the first external wall panel 12 and penetrates the top of the first external wall panel 12 while communicating with the first hand hole 101.
Furthermore, the first porthole 102 extends inside the upper end of the first outer wall panel 12 and also ends at the first hand hole 101, namely: and is connected and communicated with the first hand hole 101. The first hole 102 is used for the connection assembly 30 to pass through, and the first hand hole 101 is disposed such that an opening is formed on the inner surface of the first external wall panel 12, which is convenient for operating the connection assembly 30 to lock the connection assembly 30.
Similarly to the arrangement of the first hand hole 101 and the first hole channel 102 on the first external wall panel 12, referring to fig. 4-5, the second external wall panel 22 is provided with at least one second hand hole 201 and at least one second hole channel 202. A second hand hole 201 is preformed in the lower end of the inner surface of the second exterior wall panel 22 (the surface facing the other second exterior wall panel 22), and a second hole 202 is preformed in the lower end of the second exterior wall panel 22 and penetrates the bottom of the second exterior wall panel 22 while communicating with the second hand hole 201.
In addition, the second duct 202 extends behind and continues upwardly to communicate with the second hand hole 201 within the lower end of the second exterior wall panel 22 such that the second hand hole 201 is in communication with approximately the middle of the second duct 202. The second hole passage 202 is used for the connection assembly 30 to pass through, and the second hand hole 201 is configured to form an opening on the inner surface of the second exterior wall panel 22, so that the connection assembly 30 can be operated conveniently to lock the connection assembly 30.
In the box type building of the present invention, the upper prefabricated unit 20 is stacked on the lower prefabricated unit 10, and they are integrally connected. The upper precast unit 20 is supported and fitted on the top of the first external wall panel 12 and the first partition wall 13 of the lower precast unit 10 with the second bottom panel 21 thereof when the upper precast unit 20 is stacked over the lower precast unit 10. The second outer wall panel 22 is aligned with the first outer wall panel 12 and the second openings 202 in the second outer wall panel 22 are aligned with and communicate with the first openings 102 in the first outer wall panel 12. The connecting assembly 30 is inserted and locked in the first and second openings 102 and 202, and connects the first and second exterior wall panels 12 and 22 together.
Preferably, in conjunction with fig. 1 and 6, the connection assembly 30 may include a connection screw 31 and at least two nuts 32, 33. The connecting screw 31 is arranged in the first hole channel 102 and the second hole channel 202 which are communicated with each other in a penetrating way; at least one nut 32 enters the first hole 102 through the first hand hole 101 and is locked on the end of the connecting screw 31 located on the first hole 102; at least one further nut 33 enters the second bore 202 through the second hand hole 201 and is locked onto the end of the connecting screw 31 located in the second bore 202.
To further facilitate the assembly connection, the connecting screw 31 of the connecting assembly 30 may be placed into the first duct 102 or the second duct 202 after the lower prefabricated unit 10 and the upper prefabricated unit 20 are prefabricated or before the assembly. For example, the connecting screw 31 is placed in the second hole 202 in advance, one end of the connecting screw 31 passes through the second hand hole 201 and enters one end of the second hole 202 located above the second hand hole 201, and the other end of the connecting screw 31 is located in one end of the second hole 202 located below the second hand hole 201.
The length of one end of the second hole passage 202 positioned below the second hand hole 201 is less than the total length of the connecting screw rod 31; the total length of the connecting screw 31 is greater than the sum of the lengths of the first duct 102 and one end of the second duct 202 located below the second hand hole 201.
Further, to facilitate alignment of the upper prefabricated unit 20 and the lower prefabricated unit 10 during assembly, when the upper prefabricated unit 20 is disposed above the lower prefabricated unit 10, the bottom of the second external wall panel 22 is matched with the top of the first external wall panel 12 through a tongue-and-groove. The tongue-and-groove fit also effectively seals the joint of the second external wall panel 22 and the first external wall panel 12, and the like, so that a waterproof effect is achieved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the top of the first external wall panel 12 is provided with a first tongue-and-groove 16, and the bottom of the second external wall panel 22 is provided with a second tongue-and-groove 27 matched with the first tongue-and-groove 16, and the two tongue-and-groove are matched in a concave-convex manner. A first aperture 102 extends through a top surface of the first tongue 16 and a second aperture 202 extends through a downwardly facing surface of the second tongue 27.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the box-type building includes a lower prefabricated unit 10 and an upper prefabricated unit 20, and the upper prefabricated unit 20 is assembled and connected to the lower prefabricated unit 10 to form the box-type building having a two-story structure.
It can be understood that the other two side ends of the lower prefabricated unit 10 are also respectively and vertically connected with external walls (not shown) to form a closed lower structure, and one of the external walls may be provided with a door opening to facilitate installation of a door body. The other two side ends of the upper prefabricated unit 20 are also respectively and vertically connected with outer walls (not shown) to form a closed upper structure, and one of the outer walls can be provided with a door opening to facilitate installation of a door body.
In addition, the second bottom plate 21 of the upper prefabricated unit 20 can also be provided with a hole for installing a stair; the stairway can be prefabricated in the lower prefabricated unit 10 and connected with the opening of the upper prefabricated unit 20 on site. Alternatively, the stairway is prefabricated separately and installed between the lower prefabricated unit 10 and the upper prefabricated unit 20 on site. Alternatively, a staircase (not shown) may be installed outside the box-type building to facilitate people to get on and off the superstructure.
Further, in the box type building according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, at least one first wire hole 18 is provided in the first bottom plate 11 of the lower prefabricated unit 10, and the first wire hole 18 penetrates through the other opposite side surfaces of the first bottom plate 11, which are outside the side where the first outer wall panel 12 is located. The first wire passing hole 18 is used for a steel strand to pass through, and two lower-layer prefabricated units 10 which are horizontally arranged can be spliced together in a pulling mode through tensioning. As shown in fig. 4, at least one second wire hole 28 is provided in the second bottom plate 21 of the upper prefabricated unit 20, and the second wire hole 28 penetrates through the other two opposite side surfaces of the second bottom plate 21 outside the side where the second outer wall plate 22 is located. The second wire through hole 28 is used for the steel strand to pass through, and the two upper prefabricated units 20 which are horizontally arranged can be spliced together by pulling.
In other embodiments, the box-type building includes at least two lower prefabricated units 10 and at least two upper prefabricated units 20. At least two lower prefabricated units 10 are aligned and spliced into a whole in the horizontal direction; at least two upper prefabricated units 20 are aligned and spliced into a whole in the horizontal direction.
And waterproof materials are arranged between the matched joint surfaces of the two adjacent lower-layer prefabricated units 10, so that the sealing joint and the waterproof function are realized. Similarly, a waterproof material is arranged between the matching joint surfaces of the two adjacent upper-layer prefabricated units 20, so that the sealing joint and the waterproof function are achieved. The above waterproof material can be, but not limited to, a waterproof strip.
Preferably, each upper prefabricated unit 20 is directly connected above a lower prefabricated unit 10. Wherein, the upper prefabricated unit 20 and the lower prefabricated unit 10 which are oppositely connected up and down are arranged in the same width and length.
The first wire holes 18 in the first bottom plate 11 extend along the splicing direction of the lower prefabricated units 10, and the second wire holes 28 in the second bottom plate 21 extend along the splicing direction of the upper prefabricated units 20.
Referring to fig. 7, during splicing, the steel strands 40 and 50 are pre-threaded into the first wire holes 18 of two adjacent first bottom plates 11 and the second wire holes 28 of two adjacent second bottom plates 21, respectively. At the site installation position, two adjacent lower-layer prefabricated units 10 are oppositely pulled and spliced through steel strands 40, so that integral tensioning and fixing work is realized; the two adjacent upper prefabricated units 20 are pulled and jointed oppositely through the steel strands 50, so that the integral tensioning and fixing work is realized.
Referring again to fig. 8, splicing between the lower prefabricated units 10 can also be achieved on the positioning device 60.
When the box-type building is disassembled, the connecting assembly 30 is disassembled, the upper prefabricated unit 20 is lifted away from the lower prefabricated unit 10 and lifted to a storage yard, and then the lower prefabricated unit 10 is lifted to the storage yard.
For the upper-layer structure formed by splicing a plurality of upper-layer prefabricated units 20, firstly detaching the steel strands 50 penetrating through the upper-layer prefabricated units 20 and then detaching the connecting component 30; for the lower-layer structure formed by splicing a plurality of lower-layer prefabricated units 10, the steel strands 40 penetrating through the lower-layer prefabricated units 10 are firstly detached, and then the lower-layer prefabricated units 10 are hoisted to a storage yard.
In addition, in the case of the box-type building having a plurality of lower precast units 10, the structures of the plurality of lower precast units 10 may be the same or not completely the same, and the structures of the plurality of upper precast units 20 may be the same or different.
It is understood that the lower prefabricated unit 10 and the upper prefabricated unit 20 of the present invention can be standardized prefabricated, and assembled in various ways, for example, three or more layers, to form a corresponding box-type building (including but not limited to a fire station).
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of constructing a box building, comprising the steps of:
s1, transporting prefabricated parts which are prefabricated to an assembly site;
the prefabricated member comprises at least one lower layer prefabricated unit and at least one upper layer prefabricated unit;
s2, fixing the lower prefabricated unit on a preset position of an assembly site;
s3, hoisting and lowering the upper prefabricated unit to the upper side of the lower prefabricated unit, and enabling a second pore passage of the upper prefabricated unit, which penetrates through the bottom of the upper prefabricated unit, to be in butt joint with and communicated with a first pore passage of the lower prefabricated unit, which penetrates through the top of the lower prefabricated unit;
s4, vertically penetrating a connecting screw rod into the first pore channel and the second pore channel which are communicated with each other, wherein one end part of the connecting screw rod is exposed in a first hand hole communicated with the first pore channel, and the other opposite end part of the connecting screw rod is exposed in a second hand hole communicated with the second pore channel;
and S5, respectively locking nuts on two end parts of the connecting screw rod, so that the upper-layer prefabricated unit is fixedly connected above the lower-layer prefabricated unit.
2. The method for constructing a box-type building according to claim 1, wherein the lower prefabricated unit comprises a first bottom plate, two first external wall plates vertically connected to opposite side ends of the first bottom plate, respectively; the first pore canal is arranged inside the upper end of the first external wall panel and penetrates through the top of the first external wall panel, and the first hand hole is arranged at the upper end of the inner surface of the first external wall panel and is communicated with the first pore canal;
the upper-layer prefabricated unit comprises a second bottom plate, two second outer wall plates and a top plate, wherein the two second outer wall plates are respectively vertically connected to two opposite side ends of the second bottom plate, and the top plate is connected to the tops of the second outer wall plates; the second pore passage is arranged in the lower end of the second outer wall plate and penetrates through the bottom of the second outer wall plate, and the second pore passage is arranged at the lower end of the inner surface of the second outer wall plate and is communicated with the second pore passage;
in step S3, the second bottom plates of the upper prefabricated units are aligned and placed on the tops of the first bottom plates and the first external wall plates of the lower prefabricated units, and the two second external wall plates of the upper prefabricated units are aligned above the two first external wall plates respectively.
3. The method for constructing a box-type building according to claim 2, wherein in step S5, at least one nut is fed into the first tunnel through the first hand hole, and the nut is fastened to the end of the connecting screw at the first tunnel;
and feeding at least one other nut into the second pore channel through the second hand hole, and sleeving and locking the nut on the end part of the connecting screw rod positioned on the second pore channel.
4. The method for constructing a box-type building according to claim 2, wherein a first tongue-and-groove is provided at the top of the first external wall panel, and a second tongue-and-groove adapted to the first tongue-and-groove is provided at the bottom of the second external wall panel;
in step S3, the bottom of the second external wall board and the top of the first external wall board are aligned and joined by the matching of the first tongue-and-groove and the second tongue-and-groove.
5. The method for constructing a box-type building according to claim 2, wherein the lower prefabricated unit further comprises at least one first partition wall; the first partition wall is vertically connected to the first bottom plate and is spaced between the two first external wall panels; the upper prefabricated unit also comprises at least one second partition wall; the second partition wall is vertically connected between the second bottom plate and the top plate and is spaced between the two second outer wall plates;
in step S3, the second bottom plate is further supported on the top of the second partition wall.
6. The method for constructing a box-type building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step S2, two or more lower prefabricated units are placed at predetermined positions of an assembly site, and the lower prefabricated units are sequentially prestressed and tensioned in a horizontal direction to be fixed and spliced into a lower structure; placing two or more than two upper-layer prefabricated units above the lower-layer structure, and sequentially carrying out prestress tensioning and fixing on the upper-layer prefabricated units in the horizontal direction to splice into an upper-layer structure;
and in the step S4, the upper-layer prefabricated units and the lower-layer prefabricated units which are in one-to-one correspondence are connected through a plurality of connecting screw rods.
7. The method for constructing a box-type building according to claim 6, wherein at least one first wire hole is formed in the first base plate of the lower prefabricated unit, the first wire hole extending along a splicing direction of the lower prefabricated unit and penetrating opposite side surfaces of the first base plate;
in the upper-layer prefabricated unit, at least one second wire passing hole is formed in the second bottom plate, extends along the splicing direction of the upper-layer prefabricated unit and penetrates through two opposite side surfaces of the second bottom plate;
in the step S2, the steel strands penetrate into the first wire passing holes of all the lower-layer prefabricated units, the steel strands are elastically retracted after being tensioned, and tensile stress is transmitted to the lower-layer prefabricated units through an anchorage device so that the lower-layer prefabricated units are mutually spliced;
and penetrating other steel strands into second wire passing holes of all the upper-layer prefabricated units, utilizing the steel strands to elastically retract after tensioning, and transmitting the tensile stress to the upper-layer prefabricated units through an anchorage device so as to enable the upper-layer prefabricated units to be mutually spliced.
8. The method for constructing a box-type building according to claim 6, wherein in step S2, a positioning device is previously installed at the predetermined position;
placing two or more lower prefabricated units on the positioning device, and sequentially carrying out prestress tensioning and fixing on the lower prefabricated units in the horizontal direction to splice into a lower structure; and placing two or more than two upper-layer prefabricated units above the lower-layer structure, and sequentially carrying out prestress tensioning and fixing on the upper-layer prefabricated units in the horizontal direction to splice an upper-layer structure.
9. A box-type building constructed by the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising at least one lower prefabricated unit, at least one upper prefabricated unit, a plurality of connecting members;
the lower prefabricated unit comprises a first bottom plate and two first external wall plates which are respectively and vertically connected to two opposite side ends of the first bottom plate; the upper end of the inner surface of the first external wall panel is provided with a first hand hole, a first pore passage penetrating the top of the first external wall panel is formed inside the upper end of the first external wall panel, and the first hand hole is communicated with the first pore passage;
the upper-layer prefabricated unit comprises a second bottom plate, two second outer wall plates and a top plate, wherein the two second outer wall plates are respectively vertically connected to two opposite side ends of the second bottom plate, and the top plate is connected to the tops of the second outer wall plates; a second hand hole is formed in the lower end of the inner surface of the second outer wallboard, a second pore passage penetrating through the top is formed in the lower end of the second outer wallboard, and the second hand hole is communicated with the second pore passage;
the upper prefabricated unit is arranged above the lower prefabricated unit, the bottom of the second external wall plate is matched with the top of the first external wall plate through a tongue-and-groove, and the first pore channel is communicated with the second pore channel;
the connecting assembly comprises a connecting screw rod, the connecting screw rod penetrates through the first hole channel and the second hole channel and is locked in the first hole channel and the second hole channel, and the first outer wallboard and the second outer wallboard are connected into a whole from top to bottom.
10. The box-type building of claim 9, wherein the connector assembly further comprises at least two nuts;
the connecting screw rod penetrates through the first pore channel and the second pore channel which are communicated with each other; at least one nut enters the first hole passage through the first hand hole and is locked on the end part of the connecting screw rod, which is positioned on the first hole passage; and at least one other nut enters the second hole passage through the second hand hole and is locked on the end part of the connecting screw rod positioned in the second hole passage.
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