CN115449652A - Special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile for new energy automobile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile for new energy automobile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 aluminum-titanium-boron Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 28
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile and a preparation method thereof, wherein an aluminum alloy profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9 to 0.94 percent of Mg, 0.6 to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.08 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the preparation process comprises the following steps: smelting, refining, filtering, casting, extruding, quenching and aging. By adopting the novel energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile, the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 277Mpa, the yield strength is larger than or equal to 258Mpa, the elongation is larger than or equal to 9.5%, the twist degree is smaller than or equal to 0.22mm/m, the straightness is smaller than or equal to 0.22mm/m, and the performance requirements of an automobile chassis on aluminum alloy profiles are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile of a new energy automobile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the supply of mass-market vehicle types of various new energy vehicle brands is short, and with the increase of the demand of new energy vehicles, the market puts higher requirements on the safety of the vehicles and the driving stability of the vehicles, so that new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises are prompted to continuously optimize various parts of a chassis, including updating the structure and the shape of chassis materials. Compared with the prior art, the optimized chassis alloy section has more precise and complex design, and the complicated chassis alloy section needs to optimize material selection and treatment processes.
6061 aluminum alloy is a typical Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, has high strength and comprehensive properties, and is widely used in industries requiring lightweight structures such as automobiles, high-speed trains, airplanes, and the like, but has poor extrusion processability and extrusion quenching performance, and causes deformation and distortion of extruded materials, which leads to reduction of production efficiency and yield and improvement of corresponding production cost, so that a material component formula needs to be accurately controlled, and an optimal aluminum alloy component formula proportion is sought.
The chassis section bar of new energy automobile is heterotypic multi-chamber section bar, and the material shape is complicated and the cavity is many, the wall thickness is thin, and in the extrusion production, the increase of mould core quantity needs bigger extrusion force, leads to extrusion speed slow, and production is more difficult, still receives the influence of section bar self complex construction to the mould loss in addition in process of production, and the extrusion in-process appears temperature variation big easily simultaneously, goes out material quality and worsens scheduling problem, seriously influences the safety in utilization and the quality of material.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis section and a preparation method thereof, the extrusion resistance of materials is reduced by optimizing a formula and matching with a specific preparation process, the extrusion performance and the formability of the section are improved, and the obtained section is high in size precision and excellent in comprehensive performance.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of feeding raw materials into a furnace according to a formula, and carrying out smelting treatment, wherein an aluminum alloy profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.94 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.08-0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al;
(2) Refining the smelted raw materials, standing, and then filtering;
(3) Adopting an aluminum-titanium-boron wire to carry out online grain refinement on the filtered raw material, then casting the raw material into an aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
(4) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot to 510-530 ℃, cooling to 490-500 ℃, and extruding on a machine to form an aluminum alloy section;
(5) Quenching the aluminum alloy section, cooling, and then stretching and straightening;
(6) And (4) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy section subjected to stretching and straightening treatment.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the refining treatment in the step (2) is carried out by two times, and comprises the following steps:
refining for the first time at 720-750 deg.C for 20-30min;
refining for the second time at 730-750 deg.C for 20-30min.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the filtration treatment in step (2) adopts a one-layer and two-layer filtration technology, including:
carrying out primary filtration treatment by adopting a plurality of glass fiber cloth filter screens;
the method comprises the following steps of carrying out two-layer filtering treatment by adopting a preheated ceramic filter plate, wherein the ceramic filter plate is double-layer, the porosity is 40ppi and 60ppi respectively, and the temperature of the preheated ceramic filter plate is more than or equal to 700 ℃.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the double-wire feeding speed of the aluminum-titanium-boron wire in the step (3) is 1.01-1.19 m/min;
the casting process parameters are as follows: the casting temperature is 690-720 ℃, the casting speed is 68-80 mm/min, the temperature of the casting cooling water inlet is 30-40 ℃, the temperature of the water outlet is less than or equal to 55 ℃, and the water pressure is 100-150Kpa;
the homogenization treatment comprises the steps of preserving heat at the temperature of 540-560 ℃, cooling to 200-210 ℃ of a cylindrical ingot by adopting strong wind, and then cooling to normal temperature by water mist.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (4), the extrusion treatment is carried out through an extruder, the temperature of a die on a machine is 470-490 ℃, the temperature difference between an upper die and a lower die is less than or equal to 8 ℃, the temperature of a ingot containing cylinder is 430-450 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 5-10m/min.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, in the step (5), the quenching treatment includes performing a first quenching treatment by a first section of strong wind quenching unit, and performing a second quenching treatment by a second section of strong wind quenching unit;
the first section of strong wind quenching unit is provided with a left air outlet, a middle air outlet, a right air outlet and a lower air outlet, the wind pressure of the left air outlet, the middle air outlet and the right air outlet is 560-600Kpa, the wind pressure of the lower air outlet is 510-550Kpa, and the first quenching speed is more than or equal to 330 ℃/min;
the second section of strong wind quenching unit is provided with a main air outlet, the wind pressure of the main air outlet is 480-520Kpa, and the second quenching speed is more than or equal to 350 ℃/min;
the stretching rate in the stretching and straightening process is 0.6-0.8%.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the aging treatment in the step (6) adopts a double aging process, and the temperature is kept at 110-130 ℃ for 1-3h, and then the temperature is increased to 180-190 ℃ for 8-10h.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9 to 0.94 percent of Mg, 0.6 to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.08 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total amount.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9 to 0.92 percent of Mg, 0.64 to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.09 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis section prepared by the preparation method, and the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis section has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 277Mpa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 258Mpa, the elongation of more than or equal to 9.5%, the Vickers hardness of more than or equal to 15.6hw, the twist degree of less than or equal to 0.22mm/m and the straightness of less than or equal to 0.22mm/m.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the content of the Mg element is reduced to 0.9-0.94% by optimizing and adjusting the content of the alloy element, and meanwhile, the Mn element is added to 0.08-0.1% to make up the influence of the reduction of the content of the Mg element on the performance, so that the problem of poor viscosity and fluidity of the alloy is well solved, and the extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy is improved;
2. the invention adopts the existing production equipment and process for industrially producing Al-Mg-Si sectional materials, reasonably regulates and controls the process parameters of each process, combines the homogenization process and the cylindrical ingot heating and ripening accelerating process, leads the special-shaped multi-cavity chassis sectional materials with high extrusion difficulty to be produced smoothly, and ensures the quality of the produced materials;
3. the invention adopts the optimized forced air cooling quenching process and the double aging process, and the optimized formula and the forming process are matched, so that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy section is more than or equal to 277Mpa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 258Mpa, the elongation is more than or equal to 9.5%, the Vickers hardness is more than or equal to 15.6hw, the twist degree is less than or equal to 0.22mm/m, the straightness is less than or equal to 0.22mm/m, the manufacturing requirements of the automobile chassis section are met, and the comprehensive performance is good.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.94 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.08-0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al;
preferably, the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9 to 0.94 percent of Mg, 0.6 to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.08 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total amount;
preferably, the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9 to 0.92 percent of Mg, 0.64 to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.09 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total amount.
The design of alloy composition interval has great influence on the structure, performance and formability of extruded section, and the main strengthening phase in Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloy is Mg 2 Si, in a certain range, as the content of Mg and Si increases, mg is precipitated at the same temperature 2 The content of Si is increased correspondingly, the strength and the hardness of the alloy are also increased correspondingly, the Mg element forms a soluble intermetallic compound through solid solution strengthening or with other alloy elements to improve the strength of the alloy, but the plasticity of the alloy is reduced due to the excessively high content of the Mg element, and the section bar is easy to crack in the extrusion process, so transition group elements such as Mn, cr, ti and the like need to be added, the transition group elements can obviously improve the recrystallization temperature, inhibit the recrystallization process, refine recrystallized grains, obviously influence the structure of the extruded bar after quenching, and improve the surface quality, the bending property and the mechanical property of the section bar.
According to the invention, the mass percentage of Mg and Zn is optimized, so that the extrudability of the aluminum alloy is improved, the extrusion resistance is effectively reduced, and the performance of the obtained aluminum profile meets the requirement of European standard EN 755. When the content of Mg and Zn elements is higher, the alloy becomes more viscous, the fluidity is poor, and the extrusion of the multi-profile cavity profile is not facilitated, the content of Mg is adjusted from 0.98-1.2% to 0.9-0.94%, the fluidity of the alloy is improved by reducing the content of Mg, but the reduction of the content of Mg can influence the mechanical property, so that the content of Mn is adjusted from 0.03-0.06% to 0.08-0.1%, the reduction of the content of Mg is complemented by increasing the content of Mn, and the generation of hot cracks of the alloy is effectively reduced.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) The raw materials are put into a furnace according to a formula and are smelted;
and (2) feeding an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, a silicon seed, a manganese agent, a chromium agent, copper and a primary white material into a furnace according to the element composition proportion, heating to 730-740 ℃, completely melting into a liquid state, then feeding into the furnace for the second time, and slagging for 30min by adopting 99.999% high-purity nitrogen and an environment-friendly smokeless slagging agent.
(2) Refining the smelted raw materials, standing, and then filtering;
refining twice, wherein the temperature of the first refined aluminum liquid is 720-750 ℃ for 20-30min, and the temperature of the second refined aluminum liquid is 730-750 ℃ for 20-30min; after the first refining, a dried iron ladle is used for probing into a 2/3 position of the liquid level for sampling, the sample is injected into a sampling die for analyzing the content of the alloy components, and the element content is correspondingly calculated according to the result of the content of the alloy components.
The aluminum bar is not allowed to contain oil stains and impurities, so that the aluminum alloy melt needs to be refined and filtered before casting. The filtering treatment adopts a one-layer and two-layer filtering technology, the one-layer filtering technology adopts a multiple glass fiber cloth filter screen, the larger metal oxide in the front middle section of the launder is effectively blocked, the two-layer filtering technology adopts a preheated ceramic filter plate, the ceramic filter plate is adopted to arrange a filter box body with the front end of a die disc and a launder connected in series, metal slag inclusions are effectively filtered, and metal particle substances in an alloy solution are thoroughly removed, the ceramic filter plate is double-layer, the porosity is 40ppi and 60ppi respectively, the preheating step comprises heating to be more than or equal to 700 ℃, baking is carried out for 30-50min, and the baking time can be increased or reduced according to the environmental temperature or humidity in the actual production process.
(3) Adopting an aluminum-titanium-boron wire to carry out online grain refinement on the filtered raw material, then casting the raw material into an aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
the double-wire feeding speed of the aluminum-titanium-boron wire is 1.01m/min to 1.19m/min;
the casting process parameters are as follows: the casting temperature is 690-720 ℃, the casting speed is 68-80 mm/min, the temperature of the casting cooling water inlet is 30-40 ℃, the temperature of the water outlet is less than or equal to 55 ℃, and the water pressure is 100-150Kpa;
aluminum alloy cylindrical ingotHomogenization treatment is required, and homogenization treatment of 6-series aluminum alloy can increase the extrusion speed and reduce the extrusion pressure by about 10% to 20% as compared with cast ingots which are not subjected to homogenization treatment. Ingot casting after rapid cooling and homogenizing treatment, mg 2 Si can be almost completely dissolved in the matrix, and the excessive Si can exist in solid solution or dispersed and precipitated fine particles, so that the rapid extrusion at a lower temperature can be realized, and excellent mechanical properties and surface brightness can be obtained. The homogenization treatment process comprises the steps of preserving heat at the temperature of 540-560 ℃, cooling to 200-210 ℃ of the cylindrical ingot by adopting strong wind, and then cooling to normal temperature by water mist.
(4) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot to 510-530 ℃, cooling to 490-500 ℃, extruding on a machine to form an aluminum alloy section, and then stretching and straightening;
the ingot casting is preheated before entering the extruder for extrusion, and is subjected to ripening treatment by heating, so that the aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot obtains better maturity, the extrusion resistance is reduced in the subsequent extrusion process, and the metal flow rate is more uniform. For the evaluation of tensile strength and yield strength, the extrusion temperature is a key influence factor, and the higher the extrusion temperature is, the higher the strength is; the temperature of the ingot holding cylinder has certain influence on the strength, the influence of the extrusion speed on the strength is small, the recovery process can be guaranteed by the high extrusion temperature, a multilateral tissue can be generated at the same time, and the stability of resistance recrystallization is very high. In the extrusion process, the machine temperature of the die is 470-490 ℃, the temperature difference between the upper die and the lower die is less than or equal to 8 ℃, the temperature of the ingot container is 430-450 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 5-10m/min.
(5) Quenching the aluminum alloy section, cooling, and then stretching and straightening;
the air-cooled quenching is to cool the aluminum profile by utilizing air flow generated by a fan or an air compressor, is generally suitable for aluminum alloy profiles with thin wall thickness and medium strength, takes away heat in the aluminum alloy profiles by a cooling medium through heat convection, and the wind speed, the wind amount and the wind field distribution are key process parameters in the air-cooled quenching.
The quenching treatment adopts segmented forced air cooling, which comprises the first segment of forced air quenchingThe fire unit is subjected to primary quenching treatment, and the fire unit is subjected to secondary quenching treatment through a second section of strong wind quenching unit; wherein, the first section strong wind quenching unit is provided with a left air outlet, a middle air outlet, a right air outlet, a lower air outlet, a left air outlet, the wind pressure of the middle air outlet and the right air outlet is 560-600Kpa, the wind pressure of the lower air outlet is 510-550Kpa, and the first quenching speed is more than or equal to 330 ℃/min; the second section strong wind quenching unit is provided with a main air outlet, the wind pressure of the main air outlet is 480-520Kpa, the second quenching speed is more than or equal to 350 ℃/min, the quenching process is adopted, the aluminum profile is gradually cooled by combining two sections, the first quenching speed and the second quenching speed are controlled according to actual conditions, the cracking and deformation of the profile caused by the excessively high cooling speed of the first section can be avoided, the cooling speed of the second section can be accelerated, and the Mg profile can be cooled at high speed 2 The precipitation of Si phase and beta phase is more uniform, which is beneficial to the saturation of strengthening phase and improves the quality of quenching process; the shapes of the section bars are various, the thickness and the area of each surface are different, the air output of each surface of the section bars is adjusted according to the shapes and the areas of the section bars in the quenching process, the three-direction cooling amount adjustment is adopted, the balance of the cooling speed of each direction is ensured, the shrinkage rate deviation caused by the quenching strength of the section bars is eliminated, and the defects of shrinkage deformation and poor size after stretching of the section bars are avoided.
The stretching and straightening of the aluminum alloy profile formed by extrusion is an important step in production, the stretching and straightening process has great influence on the surface quality and the bending and twisting degree of the industrial aluminum alloy profile, the automobile chassis material has special structure and high distribution density of the number of cavities, when the stretching amount is higher than 0.8%, the dimensional precision of the profile is reduced, the structure is subjected to micro-deformation, and the alloy structure is damaged by transition tension, so that the local mechanical property is non-uniform.
(6) And (4) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy section subjected to stretching and straightening treatment.
The aging treatment adopts a double aging process, the temperature is firstly preserved for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of 110 to 130 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 180 to 190 ℃ and preserved for 8 to 10 hours. The early-stage low-temperature aging can reduce the problem of precipitation of crystal boundary and intra-crystal equilibrium phase and effectively improve the elongation of the alloy.
The following provides a detailed description of a specific embodiment of the method for preparing the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile.
Example 1: the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.91% of Mg, 0.64% of Si, 0.2% of Fe, 0.22% of Cu, 0.09% of Mn, 0.08% of Ti, 0.1% of Cr, 0.09% of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of each impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15%;
the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Feeding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, silicon seeds, a manganese agent, a chromium agent, copper and a primary white material into a furnace according to the element composition proportion, heating to 730 ℃, completely melting into a liquid state, then feeding into the furnace for the second time, and slagging after the smelting treatment;
(2) Refining the smelted raw materials, wherein the temperature of the primary refined aluminum liquid is 740 ℃ for 26min, the temperature of the secondary refined aluminum liquid is 750 ℃ for 28min, standing for 30min after refining, filtering, heating a ceramic filter plate to 720 ℃, and baking for 40min;
(3) Carrying out online grain refinement on the filtered raw material by adopting an aluminum-titanium-boron wire, wherein the wire feeding speed of a double wire is 1.15m/min, and casting the filtered aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot, wherein the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the casting speed is 75mm/min, the water inlet temperature of casting cooling water is 35 ℃, the water outlet temperature is not more than 55 ℃, and the water pressure is 120Kpa; keeping the temperature for 12 hours at 560 ℃, cooling the cylindrical ingot to 200 ℃ by strong wind, and then carrying out water mist cooling to the normal temperature;
(4) Heating the aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot until the actually measured core temperature is 520 ℃, and reducing the temperature of the upper machine rod to 490 ℃; extruding the mixture by an extruder to form an aluminum alloy section, wherein the upper machine temperature of the die is 480 ℃, the temperature difference between an upper die and a lower die is 6 ℃, the temperature of a spindle container is 435 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 8m/min;
(5) Quenching the extruded alloy section, wherein the quenching process adopts strong wind cooling, the wind pressures of the left air outlet, the middle air outlet and the right air outlet of the first section of strong wind cooling are respectively 570Kpa, 580Kpa and 570Kpa, the wind pressure of the lower air outlet is 530Kpa, and the quenching speed is 340 ℃/min; the total wind pressure of the second section of strong wind cooling is 500Kpa, and the quenching speed is 360 ℃/min; after cooling, stretching and straightening treatment is carried out, and the stretching rate is 0.7%;
(6) And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the quenched alloy section, firstly preserving heat for 2h at 115 ℃, then heating to 180 ℃, and preserving heat for 8h to obtain an aluminum alloy section finished product.
Example 2: the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.92% of Mg, 0.65% of Si, 0.18% of Fe, 0.21% of Cu, 0.09% of Mn, 0.05% of Ti, 0.11% of Cr, 0.06% of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of each impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15%;
the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Feeding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, silicon seeds, a manganese agent, a chromium agent, copper and a primary white material into a furnace according to the element composition proportion, heating to 730 ℃, completely melting into a liquid state, then feeding into the furnace for the second time, and slagging after the smelting treatment;
(2) Refining the smelted raw materials, wherein the temperature of the primary refined aluminum liquid is 730 ℃ for 30min, the temperature of the secondary refined aluminum liquid is 740 ℃ for 28min, standing for 30min after refining, filtering, heating a ceramic filter plate to 720 ℃, and baking for 40min;
(3) Carrying out online grain refinement on the filtered raw material by adopting an aluminum-titanium-boron wire, wherein the wire feeding speed of a double wire is 1.09m/min, and casting the filtered aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot, wherein the casting temperature is 710 ℃, the casting speed is 80mm/min, the water inlet temperature of casting cooling water is 35 ℃, the water outlet temperature is not more than 55 ℃, and the water pressure is 120Kpa; keeping the temperature for 12 hours at 560 ℃, cooling the cylindrical ingot to 200 ℃ by strong wind, and then carrying out water mist cooling to the normal temperature;
(4) Heating the aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot to the actually measured rod core temperature of 522 ℃, and reducing the temperature of the upper machine rod to 495 ℃; extruding the mixture by an extruder to form an aluminum alloy section, wherein the upper machine temperature of the die is 480 ℃, the temperature difference between an upper die and a lower die is 6 ℃, the temperature of a spindle containing barrel is 435 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 10m/min;
(5) Quenching the extruded alloy section, wherein the quenching process adopts strong wind cooling, the wind pressures of the left air outlet, the middle air outlet and the right air outlet of the first section of strong wind cooling are respectively 580Kpa, 600Kpa and 585Kpa, the wind pressure of the lower air outlet is 540Kpa, and the quenching speed is 350 ℃/min; the total wind pressure of the second section of strong wind cooling is 510Kpa, and the quenching speed is 365 ℃/min; after cooling, stretching and straightening treatment is carried out, and the stretching rate is 0.75%;
(6) And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the quenched alloy section, firstly preserving heat for 1.5h at 118 ℃, then heating to 190 ℃ and preserving heat for 9h to obtain an aluminum alloy section finished product.
Example 3: the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.93% of Mg, 0.62% of Si, 0.2% of Fe, 0.2% of Cu, 0.08% of Mn, 0.08% of Ti, 0.1% of Cr, 0.08% of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of each impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15%;
the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Feeding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, silicon seeds, a manganese agent, a chromium agent, copper and a primary white material into a furnace according to the element composition proportion, heating to 740 ℃, completely melting into a liquid state, then feeding into the furnace for the second time, and slagging after the melting treatment;
(2) Refining the smelted raw materials, wherein the temperature of the primary refined aluminum liquid is 740 ℃ for 25min, the temperature of the secondary refined aluminum liquid is 740 ℃ for 30min, standing for 30min after refining, filtering, heating the ceramic filter plate to 735 ℃, and baking for 35min;
(3) Carrying out online grain refinement on the filtered raw material by adopting an aluminum-titanium-boron wire, wherein the wire feeding speed of a double wire is 1.16m/min, and casting the filtered aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot, wherein the casting temperature is 720 ℃, the casting speed is 78mm/min, the water inlet temperature of casting cooling water is 35 ℃, the water outlet temperature is not more than 55 ℃, and the water pressure is 120Kpa; keeping the temperature for 12 hours at 560 ℃, cooling the cylindrical ingot to 200 ℃ by strong wind, and then carrying out water mist cooling to the normal temperature;
(4) Heating the aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot until the actually measured core temperature is 520 ℃, and lowering the temperature of the upper machine rod to 495 ℃; extruding the mixture by an extruder to form an aluminum alloy section, wherein the upper machine temperature of the die is 480 ℃, the temperature difference between an upper die and a lower die is 6 ℃, the temperature of a spindle container is 435 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 8m/min;
(5) Quenching the extruded alloy section, wherein the quenching process adopts strong wind cooling, the wind pressures of the left air outlet, the middle air outlet and the right air outlet of the first section of strong wind cooling are respectively 575Kpa, 585Kpa and 580Kpa, the wind pressure of the lower air outlet is 540Kpa, and the quenching speed is 330 ℃/min; the total wind pressure of the second section of strong wind cooling is 515Kpa, and the quenching speed is 350 ℃/min; after cooling, stretching and straightening treatment is carried out, and the stretching rate is 0.7%;
(6) And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the quenched alloy section, firstly preserving heat for 1.5h at 120 ℃, and then heating to 195 ℃ and preserving heat for 9.5h to obtain a finished product of the aluminum alloy section.
Example 4: the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.94% of Mg, 0.63% of Si, 0.2% of Fe, 0.22% of Cu, 0.09% of Mn, 0.08% of Ti, 0.1% of Cr, 0.09% of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15%;
the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Feeding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, silicon seeds, a manganese agent, a chromium agent, copper and a primary white material into a furnace according to the proportion of the elements, heating to 740 ℃, performing secondary furnace feeding after the aluminum ingots, the magnesium ingots, the silicon seeds, the manganese agent, the chromium agent, the copper and the primary white material are completely melted into liquid, and slagging after the melting treatment;
(2) Refining the raw materials after smelting treatment, wherein the temperature of the first refining aluminum liquid is 740 ℃ for 26min, the temperature of the second refining aluminum liquid is 750 ℃ for 28min, standing for 30min after refining treatment, filtering, heating a ceramic filter plate to 720 ℃, and baking for 35min;
(3) Carrying out online grain refinement on the filtered raw material by adopting an aluminum-titanium-boron wire, wherein the wire feeding speed of a double wire is 1.18m/min, and casting the filtered aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot, wherein the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the casting speed is 75mm/min, the water inlet temperature of casting cooling water is 35 ℃, the water outlet temperature is not more than 55 ℃, and the water pressure is 120Kpa; preserving heat for 12 hours at the temperature of 560 ℃, cooling the cylindrical ingot to 200 ℃ by strong wind, and then carrying out water mist cooling to the normal temperature;
(4) Heating the aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot until the actually measured core temperature is 520 ℃, and reducing the temperature of the upper machine rod to 490 ℃; extruding the mixture by an extruder to form an aluminum alloy section, wherein the upper machine temperature of the die is 480 ℃, the temperature difference between an upper die and a lower die is 6 ℃, the temperature of a spindle container is 435 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 8m/min;
(5) Quenching the extruded and formed alloy section, wherein the quenching process adopts strong wind cooling, the wind pressures of a left air outlet, a middle air outlet and a right air outlet of the first section of strong wind cooling are respectively 560Kpa, 580Kpa and 570Kpa, the wind pressure of a lower air outlet is 520Kpa, and the quenching speed is 350 ℃/min; the total wind pressure of the second section of strong wind cooling is 500Kpa, and the quenching speed is 370 ℃/min; after cooling, stretching and straightening treatment is carried out, and the stretching rate is 0.8%;
(6) And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the quenched alloy section, firstly preserving heat for 1h at 120 ℃, then heating to 185 ℃, and preserving heat for 9h to obtain an aluminum alloy section finished product.
The technical tests of examples 1-4 showed the following results:
(1) The detection method comprises the following steps: according to European Standard EN 755, part 2 of the "aluminum and aluminum alloys-extruded bars, tubes and profiles": mechanical strength and part 9: the profile, dimensions and shape tolerances, mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy were measured on the aluminium alloy profiles produced in examples 1-4, and the results are shown in table 1.
(2) As can be seen from Table 1, the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy materials obtained in the embodiments 1-4 can reach the European standard EN 755, the tensile strength is not less than 277Mpa, the yield strength is not less than 258Mpa, the elongation is not less than 9.5%, the Vickers hardness is not less than 15.6hw, the tensile and compressive capacities of the materials are good, the hardness is large, the elongation is good, the twist degree is not more than 0.22mm/m, the straightness is not more than 0.22mm/m, the precision of the materials is high, the manufacturing requirements of new energy automobile chassis can be met, and the requirements of the market on aluminum alloy sections with good compressive and impact resistance, high elongation and high dimensional precision are met.
TABLE 1 Performance Table of aluminum alloy sections
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of putting raw materials into a furnace according to a formula, and carrying out smelting treatment, wherein the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.94 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.08-0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al;
(2) Refining the smelted raw materials, standing, and then filtering;
(3) Adopting an aluminum-titanium-boron wire to carry out online grain refinement on the filtered raw material, then casting the raw material into an aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
(4) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot to 510-530 ℃, cooling to 490-500 ℃, and extruding on a machine to form an aluminum alloy section;
(5) Quenching the aluminum alloy section, cooling, and then stretching and straightening;
(6) And (4) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy section subjected to stretching and straightening treatment.
2. The preparation method of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the refining treatment of the step (2) is carried out by two times, and comprises the following steps:
refining for the first time at 720-750 deg.C for 20-30min;
refining for the second time at 730-750 deg.C for 20-30min.
3. The preparation method of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the filtration treatment in the step (2) adopts a one-layer and two-layer filtration technology, and comprises the following steps:
carrying out primary filtration treatment by adopting multiple glass fiber cloth filter screens;
the method comprises the following steps of carrying out two-layer filtering treatment by adopting a preheated ceramic filter plate, wherein the ceramic filter plate is double-layer, the porosity is 40ppi and 60ppi respectively, and the temperature of the preheated ceramic filter plate is more than or equal to 700 ℃.
4. The preparation method of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the double-wire feeding speed of the aluminum-titanium-boron wire in the step (3) is 1.01m/min-1.19m/min;
the casting process parameters are as follows: the casting temperature is 690-720 ℃, the casting speed is 68-80 mm/min, the temperature of the casting cooling water inlet is 30-40 ℃, the temperature of the water outlet is less than or equal to 55 ℃, and the water pressure is 100-150Kpa;
the homogenization treatment comprises the steps of preserving heat at the temperature of 540-560 ℃, cooling to 200-210 ℃ of a cylindrical ingot by adopting strong wind, and then cooling to normal temperature by water mist.
5. The preparation method of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), extrusion treatment is carried out through an extruder, the temperature of a die on the extruder is 470-490 ℃, the temperature difference between an upper die and a lower die is less than or equal to 8 ℃, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel is 430-450 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 5-10m/min.
6. The preparation method of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the quenching treatment comprises a first quenching treatment carried out by a first section of strong wind quenching unit and a second quenching treatment carried out by a second section of strong wind quenching unit;
the first section of strong wind quenching unit is provided with a left air outlet, a middle air outlet, a right air outlet and a lower air outlet, the wind pressures of the left air outlet, the middle air outlet and the right air outlet are 560-600Kpa, the wind pressure of the lower air outlet is 510-550Kpa, and the first quenching speed is more than or equal to 330 ℃/min;
the second section of strong wind quenching unit is provided with a main air outlet, the wind pressure of the main air outlet is 480-520Kpa, and the second quenching speed is more than or equal to 350 ℃/min;
the stretching rate in the stretching and straightening process is 0.6-0.8%.
7. The preparation method of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aging treatment in the step (6) adopts a double aging process, the temperature is firstly preserved for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of 110 to 130 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 180 to 190 ℃ and preserved for 8 to 10 hours.
8. The preparation method of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9 to 0.94 percent of Mg, 0.6 to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.08 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total amount.
9. The preparation method of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9 to 0.92 percent of Mg, 0.64 to 0.66 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.2 to 0.22 percent of Cu, 0.09 to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.12 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total amount.
10. The new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized in that: the tensile strength of the new energy automobile special-shaped multi-cavity chassis profile is larger than or equal to 277Mpa, the yield strength is larger than or equal to 258Mpa, the elongation is larger than or equal to 9.5%, the Vickers hardness is larger than or equal to 15.6hw, the twist degree is smaller than or equal to 0.22mm/m, and the straightness is smaller than or equal to 0.22mm/m.
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