CN115444391A - Trocar for portal vein intubation pressure measurement of rat and portal vein intubation pressure measurement method - Google Patents
Trocar for portal vein intubation pressure measurement of rat and portal vein intubation pressure measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115444391A CN115444391A CN202211149928.7A CN202211149928A CN115444391A CN 115444391 A CN115444391 A CN 115444391A CN 202211149928 A CN202211149928 A CN 202211149928A CN 115444391 A CN115444391 A CN 115444391A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/03—Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs
- A61B5/036—Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs by means introduced into body tracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
- A61B5/6848—Needles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a trocar for rat portal vein cannula pressure measurement and a portal vein cannula pressure measurement method, the trocar for rat portal vein cannula pressure measurement can be used for directly injecting drugs into a rat vein, and a vein access does not need to be additionally established during experiments; compared with the prior art, the portal vein intubation pressure measurement method is simple to operate, has few steps, is not easy to damage blood vessels to cause bleeding during operation, and is easy to master by a novice; according to the portal vein intubation pressure measurement method, the far end of the portal vein of a rat is not required to be ligated, compared with the prior art, the time for blood stasis of the stomach and intestine of the rat is short during pressure measurement, the pressure measurement result is more accurate, an experimental sample is not easily affected by ischemia and hypoxia, and the experimental rat is not easily dead.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal experiments, in particular to a trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement and a portal vein intubation pressure measurement method.
Background
Portal Hypertension (PH) is a major complication of chronic liver disease, an important factor affecting the clinical prognosis of patients with cirrhosis (LC), with high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to hepatic microcirculation dysfunction and increased vascular resistance in the liver. Clinically, portal vein pressure (PP) measurement for patients with liver cirrhosis is difficult and risky, so portal vein pressure measurement is not taken as a conventional method for clinicians to diagnose and treat patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the portal vein pressure measurement for experimental animal rat models is a common technique for experimental study related to liver cirrhosis diseases, and the current method for measuring the portal vein pressure of rats at home and abroad is to use a PE catheter for intubation of the portal veins of the rats and use a multichannel physiological recorder to obtain the portal vein pressure of the rats (Chang et al 2012; di Pascoli et al 2013; rosado et al 2013; cerini et al 2016; wanhaoyan et al 2022; lishuang et al 2020; chen et al 2020), as shown in FIG. 3, the specific method is as follows: (1) anesthetizing the rat and opening the abdomen; (2) exposing portal vein and superior mesenteric vein of rat; (3) surgically isolating a distance of the superior mesenteric vein; (4) threading the proximal end and the distal end of the vein on the mesentery respectively for standby; (5) ligating the distal superior mesenteric vein; (6) the vascular clamp closes the proximal end of the superior mesenteric vein; (7) cutting a V-shaped incision on the mesentery vein; (8) inserting a PE tube from the vascular incision; (9) loosening the vascular clamp, delivering the PE pipe to the portal vein along the superior mesenteric vein, and tightening the line to fix the pressure-measuring PE pipe; the interface to the multichannel physiological recorder acquires portal vein pressure. The method has high operation difficulty, multiple and complex steps, and is specifically represented as follows: (1) When a PE catheter is sent into the portal vein of a rat from the V-shaped incision, a vascular clamp at the proximal end of the portal vein must be loosened, and bleeding is difficult to avoid; (2) After the two ends of the superior mesenteric vein are closed, blood in the middle section is full, and after the superior mesenteric vein is cut, the blood in the middle section can flow out to influence the visual field of operation; (3) When the blood vessel section of the V-shaped incision is not full of blood, the blood vessel collapses, and the PE catheter is difficult to be sent into the V-shaped incision; (4) The operation steps are various, and the intubation and pressure measurement method is difficult to master by a novice; (5) Frequent operation near blood vessels easily causes bleeding of superior mesenteric veins and portal veins, so that intubation and manometry fail; (6) When the method is used for measuring the portal vein pressure of the rat, the pressure measurement is theoretically inaccurate because the far end of the superior mesenteric vein is completely ligated; (7) The pressure measurement method firstly needs to ligate the far end of the superior mesenteric vein of the rat, the gastrointestinal congestion time of the rat is long during pressure measurement, the rat is easy to die during experiment, and the accuracy of the experiment can be affected by the collected blood sample and tissue sample due to long-time gastrointestinal ischemia and hypoxia.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement and a portal vein intubation pressure measurement method, which can overcome the technical defects of complex operation flow, easy bleeding and difficult mastering by novices in the existing rat portal vein intubation and portal vein pressure measurement technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a trocar for rat portal vein intubation manometer, which comprises a needle cap, a sleeve seat, a needle core and a needle handle, and also comprises a separation plug, an extension tube and a heparin cap, wherein the needle core is embedded in the sleeve, the tip of the needle core exceeds the tip of the sleeve, and the needle cap is used for covering the tip of the needle core; the tail end of the sleeve is provided with two interfaces, one of the interfaces is connected with the extension tube through the sleeve seat, the other interface is connected with the isolation plug, and the tail end of the pillow inner sequentially penetrates through the sleeve and the isolation plug and then is connected with the needle handle; one side of the extension pipe, which is far away from the sleeve pipe, is provided with a joint for connecting the heparin cap transducer.
Preferably, the tip of the sleeve is a bevel, and the tail end of the sleeve is in a closed state after the stylet is embedded in the sleeve.
Furthermore, an extension pipe clamp capable of freely moving on the extension pipe is arranged on the extension pipe.
Preferably the tip of the hub is 0.5mm beyond the tip of the cannula.
Preferably, the sleeve is a hose, the inner diameter is 0.8mm, the outer diameter is 1.0mm, and the length is 35mm; the extension pipe is a hose and is 60mm long.
The invention also provides a portal vein intubation pressure measuring method, which utilizes the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement and comprises the following steps:
(1) Anesthetizing a rat, performing operation preparation of skin preparation and disinfection on the rat, filling heparin saline in an extension tube of the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement, and clamping the extension tube clamp for later use;
(2) Exposure and isolation of rat superior mesenteric vein: cutting the abdominal cavity of a rat, exposing a portal vein and an superior mesenteric vein, separating the superior mesenteric vein, and threading a mousse line from the bottom of the superior mesenteric vein for later use;
(3) Portal vein intubation: inserting the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement into a rat superior mesenteric vein, drawing out the needle core after confirming that the needle core and the cannula enter a blood vessel, sending the tip of the cannula into the portal vein blood vessel from the superior mesenteric vein, and fastening the mousse line to prevent the trocar from slipping out of the portal vein blood vessel;
(4) Measuring pressure and recording data: unscrewing the heparin cap, the energy converter and the vital sign monitor are connected in order to the joint of extension pipe tail end, open the extension pipe clamp, and the name of measuring selects venous pressure among the vital sign monitor, acquires portal vein pressure value and record.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps between the step (3) and the step (4):
(31) The tube was returned to the abdominal cavity and the rat abdominal cavity was covered with saline-soaked gauze.
Preferably, in the step (4), the venous pressure is selected by the name of measurement in the vital signs monitor, and after the air is exhausted and zero is corrected, the portal vein pressure value is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement and the portal vein intubation pressure measurement method have the following beneficial effects:
1. the complicated and difficult steps of the existing operation are saved;
2. the bleeding of portal vein and peripheral blood vessel caused by multiple operations due to difficult operation is avoided;
3. the operation is simple and easy to learn, the working procedures are saved, the beginner can easily master the operation, and the success rate of portal vein pressure measurement of the rat can be improved;
4. the intubation and measurement of the portal vein only need a trocar which has a simple structure and is used for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement, and a special pressure measurement probe and a biological signal acquisition system are not needed;
5. the portal vein pressure reading only needs a conventional vital sign monitor and a transducer, most medical institutions have ready-made equipment, and no additional animal physiological recorder needs to be purchased, so that the cost is saved, and the use is convenient;
6. when the pressure of the portal vein of the rat is measured, the far end of the portal vein does not need to be ligated, and theoretically, the pressure measurement result is more accurate;
7. the far end of the portal vein of the rat does not need to be tied when the portal vein pressure of the rat is measured, the gastrointestinal congestion time of the rat is short when the pressure is measured, the obtained rat experimental sample is not influenced by gastrointestinal ischemia and blood oxygen, and the experimental rat is not easy to die.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a trocar for rat portal vein cannulation pressure measurement according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of portal vein cannulation manometry in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of acquiring portal vein pressure of a rat using a multichannel physiological recorder according to the background art.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1-needle cap, 2-cannula, 3-cannula holder, 4-needle core, 5-needle handle, 6-isolation plug, 7-extension tube, 8-extension tube clamp, 9-joint and 10-heparin cap.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
According to the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement and the portal vein intubation pressure measurement method, the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement can be used for directly injecting drugs into the rat vein, and a vein access does not need to be additionally established during experiments; according to the portal vein intubation pressure measurement method, the far end of the portal vein of a rat is not required to be ligated, compared with the prior art, the pressure measurement result is more accurate, the gastrointestinal congestion of the rat is avoided during pressure measurement, the blood circulation of internal organs is not influenced, experimental samples are not influenced by ischemia and hypoxia, and the experimental rat is not prone to death.
As shown in fig. 1, the trocar for rat portal vein intubation manometry comprises: the device comprises a needle cap 1, a sleeve 2, a sleeve seat 3, a needle core 4, a needle handle 5, a separation plug 6, an extension tube 7, an extension tube clamp 8, a joint 9 and a heparin cap 10.
The sleeve 2 is a hose with an inner diameter of 0.8mm, an outer diameter of 1.0mm and a length of 30mm; one end of the sleeve 2 is a tip, the tip of the sleeve 2 is an inclined plane, the needle core 4 is embedded in the sleeve 2, the tip of the needle core 4 exceeds the tip of the sleeve 2 by 0.5mm, and the needle cap 1 is used for covering the tip of the needle core 4; the other end of the sleeve 2 is a tail end, the tail end of the sleeve 2 is provided with two interfaces, one end of the sleeve is connected with an extension pipe 7 through a sleeve seat 3, the other end of the sleeve is connected with an isolating plug 6, the tail end of the needle core 4 at the position where the needle handle 5 is connected is embedded in the isolating plug 6, the tail end of the needle core 4 penetrates through the isolating plug 6 to be connected with the needle handle 5, and the head end and the tail end of the sleeve 2 are closed after the needle core 4 is embedded in the sleeve 2; after the portal vein intubation is successful, the needle handle 5 is pulled slightly, and the needle core 4 can be smoothly drawn out from the isolation plug 6 from the tail end.
The extension tube 7 is a hose and is connected to the tail end of the sleeve 2, so that the sleeve can be freely placed, the length of the extension tube 7 is 60mm, the tail end is arranged on one side, away from the sleeve 2, of the extension tube 7, and a connector 9 is arranged at the tail end of the extension tube 7 and used for being connected with a heparin cap 10; an extension pipe clamp 8 is arranged on the extension pipe 7, the extension pipe clamp 8 is an infusion pipe clamp holder, the extension pipe clamp 8 can be operated by one hand, and the extension pipe clamp 8 can freely move on the extension pipe 7; the connector 9 at the tail end of the extension tube 7 can be connected with a heparin cap 10, the heparin cap 10 is removed, and the connector 9 at the tail end of the extension tube 7 can also be connected with a transducer.
A trocar for measuring the pressure of a portal vein cannula of a rat is additionally provided with an extension tube 7, an extension tube clamp 8 and a heparin cap 10 at the tail part of the trocar. The advantages are that: (1) Because the portal vein and the superior mesenteric vein of the rat are positioned at the deeper position of the abdominal cavity, and the tail part of the cannula 2 is connected with the extension tube 7, after the cannula is successfully inserted, the trocar can move at the abdominal part and be placed at any angle, thereby being beneficial to the fixation and position adjustment of the successful cannula of the portal vein; (2) The trocar for measuring the pressure of the portal vein cannula of the rat can directly inject drugs into the vein of the rat, and compared with the prior art, a vein access does not need to be additionally established during an experiment; (3) The trocar structure allows the intestinal tube to be back-introduced into the abdominal cavity for continuous measurement of rat portal vein pressure because the cannula 2 and the extension tube 7 are both flexible tubes.
As shown in fig. 2, the portal vein intubation pressure measuring method utilizes the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement, saves a plurality of existing complex operation procedures of rat portal vein intubation and portal vein pressure measurement, and comprises the following steps:
1. anesthesia and operation preparation: placing a rat in an anesthesia box of an inhalation anesthesia device, anesthetizing and inducing the rat by using 3% isoflurane, taking out the rat after induction is finished, placing the rat on an animal operating table, and taking the rat in a supine position to maintain anesthesia by using 2% isoflurane; preparing skin, sterilizing, paving aseptic hole towels, filling heparin saline (the concentration is 2U/ml) in the whole sleeve 2 and the extension tube 7 of the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement, and clamping the extension tube clamp 8 for later use;
2. exposure and isolation of rat superior mesenteric vein: cutting the abdominal cavity of a rat, exposing the portal vein and the superior mesenteric vein, pulling out a part of the intestinal canal from the abdominal cavity, separating the superior mesenteric vein by using an ophthalmic forceps, threading a mousse line from the bottom of the superior mesenteric vein, and knotting the mousse line on the upper part for later use;
3. rat portal vein intubation: inserting the trocar into the superior mesenteric vein of a rat, pulling out the needle core 4 after confirming that the needle core 4 and the cannula enter the blood vessel, sending the tip of the cannula into the portal vein from the superior mesenteric vein, and fastening the mousse line to prevent the trocar from slipping from the blood vessel;
4. the intestinal canal is returned to the abdominal cavity as far as possible, and the exposed part of the abdominal cavity is covered by gauze soaked by normal saline;
5. recording data: the heparin cap 10 of the trocar is unscrewed, the connector 9 at the tail end of the extension tube 7 is sequentially connected with the transducer and the vital sign monitor, the extension tube clamp 8 is opened, the venous pressure is selected according to the measurement name in the monitor, the air is exhausted, and the portal vein pressure value is acquired after zero calibration.
The portal vein intubation manometry method saves the complicated and difficult steps of the existing operation, for example, the steps (5), (6) and (7) in the background technology of acquiring the portal vein pressure of a rat by using a multi-channel physiological recorder are saved, one site of the vein on the mesentery is separated in the step 2, a 4-0 mullein thread is threaded at the bottom for standby, and the step (3) and the step (4) in the background technology are simplified; step 3, inserting the vein on the mesentery by using the trocar for measuring the pressure of the portal vein cannula of the rat, pulling out the needle core 4, sending the tip of the trocar to the portal vein, and tightening and fixing by using a mousse line, thereby simplifying the step (8) and the step (9) in the background technology; step 5 is to connect the vital sign monitor instead of the prior art step r. The operation is simple and easy to learn, the procedures are saved, the beginner can easily master the operation, and the success rate of portal vein manometry of rats can be improved; and the bleeding of portal vein and peripheral blood vessel caused by multiple operations is avoided to a great extent; the intubation and the pressure measurement of the portal vein only need a trocar which has a simple structure and is used for measuring the pressure of the rat portal vein intubation, and a special pressure measurement probe and a biological signal acquisition system are not needed; the portal vein pressure reading only needs a conventional vital sign monitor and a transducer, most medical institutions have ready-made equipment, no additional animal physiological recorder needs to be purchased, and no B-ultrasonic or image guidance is needed, so that the cost is saved and the use is convenient; according to the portal vein intubation pressure measurement method, the portal vein far end is not required to be tied when the portal vein pressure of the rat is measured, the blood flow is smooth, and the pressure measurement result is theoretically more accurate; the pressure measuring method does not ligate the far end of the portal vein of the rat, the gastrointestinal congestion of the rat is avoided during pressure measurement, the blood circulation of viscera is not influenced, the obtained experimental sample of the rat is not influenced by the gastrointestinal ischemia and the blood oxygen, and the experimental rat is not easy to die.
The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The trocar for rat portal vein intubation manometry comprises a needle cap, a cannula seat, a needle core and a needle handle, and is characterized by further comprising a separation plug, an extension tube and a heparin cap, wherein the needle core is embedded in the cannula, the tip of the needle core exceeds the tip of the cannula, and the needle cap is used for covering the tip of the needle core; the tail end of the sleeve is provided with two interfaces, one interface is connected with the extension pipe through the sleeve seat, the other interface is connected with the isolating plug, and the tail end of the needle core sequentially penetrates through the sleeve and the isolating plug and then is connected with the needle handle; one side of the extension tube, which is far away from the sleeve, is provided with a joint for connecting the heparin cap and the transducer.
2. The trocar for rat portal vein cannulation pressure measurement according to claim 1, wherein the tip of the cannula is a bevel, and the tail end of the cannula is in a closed state after the needle core is embedded in the cannula.
3. The trocar for rat portal vein cannulation pressure according to claim 1, wherein the extension tube is provided with an extension tube clamp capable of freely moving on the extension tube.
4. The trocar for rat portal vein cannulation manometry according to claim 1, wherein a tip of the stylet is 0.5mm beyond a tip of the cannula.
5. The trocar for rat portal vein cannulation manometry according to claim 1, wherein the cannula is a flexible tube having an inner diameter of 0.8mm, an outer diameter of 1.0mm and a length of 35mm; the extension pipe is a hose and is 60mm long.
6. The portal vein intubation pressure measuring method is characterized in that the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is utilized, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Anesthetizing a rat, performing operation preparation of skin preparation and disinfection on the rat, filling heparin saline in an extension tube of the trocar for rat portal vein intubation pressure measurement, and clamping the extension tube clamp for later use;
(2) Exposure and isolation of rat superior mesenteric vein: cutting the abdominal cavity of a rat, exposing a portal vein and an superior mesenteric vein, separating the superior mesenteric vein, and threading a mousse line from the bottom of the superior mesenteric vein for later use;
(3) Portal vein intubation: inserting the trocar for rat portal vein intubation manometry into a rat superior mesenteric vein, pulling out the needle core after confirming that the needle core and the cannula enter a blood vessel, sending the tip end of the cannula into the portal vein blood vessel from the superior mesenteric vein, and fastening the mousse line to prevent the trocar from slipping out of the portal vein blood vessel;
(4) Measuring pressure and recording data: unscrewing the heparin cap, the energy converter and the vital sign monitor are connected in order to the joint of extension pipe tail end, open the extension pipe clamp, and the name of measuring selects venous pressure among the vital sign monitor, acquires portal vein pressure value and record.
7. The method for measuring portal vein cannulation according to claim 6, further comprising the step between step (3) and step (4):
(31) The tube was returned to the abdominal cavity and the rat abdominal cavity was covered with saline-soaked gauze.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step (4), the measurement name in the vital signs monitor is selected as the venous pressure, and after the air is exhausted and zero is corrected, the value of the portal vein pressure is obtained.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211149928.7A CN115444391A (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2022-09-21 | Trocar for portal vein intubation pressure measurement of rat and portal vein intubation pressure measurement method |
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| CN202211149928.7A CN115444391A (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2022-09-21 | Trocar for portal vein intubation pressure measurement of rat and portal vein intubation pressure measurement method |
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| CN111991063A (en) * | 2020-09-06 | 2020-11-27 | 山西白求恩医院(山西医学科学院) | Trocar guided disposable central venous puncture needle |
| CN214906842U (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-11-30 | 安徽省立医院(中国科学技术大学附属第一医院) | Minimally invasive portal vein pressure measurement kit |
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2022
- 2022-09-21 CN CN202211149928.7A patent/CN115444391A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204092810U (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-14 | 张建卿 | A kind of can two sacculus femoral vein secondary intubate of pressure measurement |
| CN110402097A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2019-11-01 | 普罗根尼蒂公司 | Gastrointestinal tract detection method, device and system |
| CN207886303U (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-09-21 | 滨州医学院 | Animal artery is intubated |
| US20190336709A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | Afsmedical Gmbh Medizinproduktehandel | Integrated monitoring and management system for endoscopic surgery |
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