CN115389859A - Transmission line network fault positioning method based on ABCD parameters - Google Patents

Transmission line network fault positioning method based on ABCD parameters Download PDF

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CN115389859A
CN115389859A CN202110581942.3A CN202110581942A CN115389859A CN 115389859 A CN115389859 A CN 115389859A CN 202110581942 A CN202110581942 A CN 202110581942A CN 115389859 A CN115389859 A CN 115389859A
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fault
formula
transmission line
abcd
length estimation
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刘欣
刘旺
牛胜锁
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Baoding Shangyuan Power Technology Co ltd
North China Electric Power University
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Baoding Shangyuan Power Technology Co ltd
North China Electric Power University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

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Abstract

The invention provides a transmission line network fault positioning method based on ABCD parameters, which comprises the following steps: s1, deducing a transmission line network length estimation analytic formula by using ABCD parameters; s2, making a fault positioning strategy by using a length estimation analysis formula; s3, selecting a test port to measure the ABCD parameters of the network to be tested according to the fault positioning strategy; and S4, substituting the measured ABCD parameters into a length estimation analysis formula to obtain a fault position. The fault positioning method for the transmission line network is simple and effective, has positioning accuracy independent of terminal load and fault impedance, is not limited by characteristic impedance of the transmission line, can be used for fault positioning of the transmission line network with branches with different characteristic impedances, and has strong universality.

Description

Transmission line network fault positioning method based on ABCD parameters
Technical Field
The invention is used in the technical field of transmission line networks, and particularly can realize the branch length measurement and fault location of the transmission line network.
Background
The transmission line is an important carrier for information transmission and energy distribution, and is widely applied to various fields such as power systems, communication, traffic and the like. The detection of the transmission line state plays an extremely important role in guaranteeing the safe operation of the system.
Existing fault location methods can be divided into three categories. The first type is an impedance method, which has the main principle that the power frequency components of line voltage and current are utilized to position faults, the impedance method is relatively simple, the measurement cost is low, but the accuracy is not high, and the positioning precision can be influenced by fault impedance and the line operation mode; the second type is a traveling wave method, and the fault position is determined according to the arrival time difference and the speed of the traveling wave. The traveling wave method is not influenced by the change of parameters such as a line structure, a dielectric constant and the like, and can accurately find the position of a fault point. However, the traveling wave method must be combined with a frequency measurement device in a wide frequency band when applied, so that the method is high in cost and low in fault detection accuracy for a near line terminal; the third type is a time reversal method, which utilizes the reversibility of a wave equation in time to analyze the electromagnetic transient process caused by faults, records signals reflected by the faults at one end or multiple ends of a line, injects the signals into a network from corresponding ports after time reversal, observes the signal energy along the line, and the position corresponding to the maximum value of the energy is the position of a fault point. The method has high accuracy, but has the disadvantage that a simulation model corresponding to a real network needs to be established before each test, which is inconvenient in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the existing fault positioning method, the invention aims to provide a transmission line network fault positioning method based on ABCD parameters, which can quickly, accurately and inexpensively solve the problem of transmission line network fault positioning.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a transmission line network fault positioning method based on ABCD parameters comprises the following steps:
s1, deducing a transmission line network length estimation analytic formula by using ABCD parameters;
s2, a fault positioning strategy is formulated by utilizing a length estimation analysis formula;
s3, selecting a test port to measure the ABCD parameters of the network to be measured according to the fault positioning strategy;
and S4, substituting the measured ABCD parameters into a length estimation analysis formula to obtain a fault position.
Preferably, the step S1 includes the steps of:
s11, taking the ports (1) and (2) as test ports, and deducing branch length estimation formulas at two ends by using ABCD parameters of a network;
and S12, taking the ports (1) and (3) as test ports, and deriving a middle branch length estimation formula by using ABCD parameters of the network.
Preferably, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s21, defining groups;
s22, determining a fault group by using a length estimation analysis formula;
and S23, determining the specific position of the fault by using a length estimation analytic formula.
Preferably, the derivation method in step S11 is:
s111, calculating
Figure BDA0003083461180000011
In the formula, Z c1 And Z c2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 Characteristic impedance of (2), Y c1 And Y c2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 Characteristic admittance of (2), gamma 1 And gamma 2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 A, B, C, D is the ABCD parameter of the network;
s112, obtaining a length estimation formula:
Figure BDA0003083461180000012
s113, obtaining a length estimation formula:
Figure BDA0003083461180000013
s114, adding a checking equation as follows:
cosh(γ 1 l 1 )[Dcosh(γ 2 l 2 )-CZ c2 sinh(γ 2 l 2 )]+Y c1 sinh(γ 1 l 1 )[AZ c2 sinh(γ 2 l 2 )-Bcosh(γ 1 l 1 )]＝1。
preferably, the derivation method in step S12 is:
s121, calculating
Figure BDA0003083461180000021
In the formula, Z c3 And Z c4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 Characteristic impedance of (2), Y c3 And Y c4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 Characteristic admittance of (2), gamma 3 And gamma 4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 A ', B', C ', D' are ABCD parameters of the network, Z l Is a line l 2 A connected load;
s122, calculating
Figure BDA0003083461180000022
S123, obtaining a length estimation formula:
Figure BDA0003083461180000023
s124, obtaining a length estimation formula:
Figure BDA0003083461180000024
s125, adding a checking equation as follows:
cosh(γ 3 l 3 )[Dcosh(γ 4 l 4 )-CZ c4 sinh(γ 4 l 4 )]+Y c3 sinh(γ 3 l 3 )[AZ c4 sinh(γ 4 l 4 )-Bcosh(γ 3 l 3 )]＝1。
preferably, the specific operation method in step S21 is: the specified groups are as follows: l 1 l 2 Group (d); l 3 l 4 Group (d); l 5 Group (d); the specific operation method of step S22 is: calculating the measurement length by using a length estimation formula, comparing the measured length with the actual length, if the error is within an acceptance range, the fault is not in the group, and continuously searching for the fault group, otherwise, the fault is in the group; the specific operation method of step S23 is: suppose the fault is in a branch x of the group f Using a length solving formula to solve x f If x is f Reasonably, namely not less than 0 and not more than the actual length of the branch, the fault isX occurring in this branch of the hypothesis f Otherwise, the fault occurs in the other branch, and the length estimation formula is reused to calculate x f I.e. the specific location of the fault.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method is simple and effective, has low measurement cost, and shortens the calculation time to a great extent;
(2) The invention has no relation with terminal load and fault impedance, and has higher precision and better stability;
(3) The invention is not limited by the characteristic impedance of each transmission line, can be used for fault location of a transmission line network with branches with different characteristic impedances, and has stronger universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of transmission line network fault location in the present invention;
fig. 2 is a topology diagram of a dual-node transmission line network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a network topology diagram of the type of failure (a) in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a network topology diagram of the type of failure (b) in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a network topology diagram of the type of failure (c) in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram showing a fault location result in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described herein.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a transmission line network fault location method based on ABCD parameters according to the present invention, where a dual-node transmission line network shown in fig. 2 is selected in this embodiment to perform fault location on three fault types shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5, and the method includes the following steps:
s1, deducing a transmission line network length estimation analytic formula by using ABCD parameters;
s2, a fault positioning strategy is formulated by utilizing a length estimation analysis formula;
s3, selecting a test port to measure the ABCD parameters of the network to be tested according to the fault positioning strategy;
and S4, substituting the measured ABCD parameters into a length estimation analysis formula to obtain a fault position.
Wherein, step S1 includes the following steps:
taking ports (1) and (2) as test ports, having
Figure BDA0003083461180000031
Figure BDA0003083461180000032
Figure BDA0003083461180000033
Figure BDA0003083461180000034
The estimation formula of the branch length at the two ends is simplified and obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003083461180000035
Figure BDA0003083461180000036
a＝CZ c1 Z c2 (BY c2 -CZ c2 )+AZ c2 (AY c1 Z c2 -DZ c1 Y c2 )
b＝-DZ c1 (BY c2 -CZ c2 )-B(AY c1 Z c2 -DZ c1 Y c2 )-CZ c1 Z c2 (A-D)-AZ c2 (BY c1 -CZ c1 )
c＝DZ c1 (A-D)+B(BY c1 -CZ c1 )
the test equation is as follows:
cosh(γ 1 l 1 )[Dcosh(γ 2 l 2 )-CZ c2 sinh(γ 2 l 2 )]+Y c1 sinh(γ 1 l 1 )[AZ c2 sinh(γ 2 l 2 )-Bcosh(γ 1 l 1 )]＝1
in the formula, Z c1 And Z c2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 Characteristic impedance of (2), Y c1 And Y c2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 Characteristic admittance of (2), gamma 1 And gamma 2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 A, B, C, D is the ABCD parameter of the network;
taking ports (1) and (3) as test ports, having
Figure BDA0003083461180000037
Figure BDA0003083461180000038
Figure BDA0003083461180000039
Figure BDA00030834611800000310
The intermediate branch length estimation formula obtained by simplification is as follows:
Figure BDA00030834611800000311
Figure BDA0003083461180000041
a′＝CZ c3 Z c4 (BY c4 -CZ c4 )+AZ c4 (AY c3 Z c4 -DZ c3 Y c4 )
b′＝-DZ c3 (BY c4 -CZ c4 )-B(AY c3 Z c4 -DZ c3 Y c4 )-CZ c3 Z c4 (A-D)-AZ c4 (BY c3 -CZ c3 )
c′＝DZ c3 (A-D)+B(BY c3 -CZ c3 )
the test equation is:
cosh(γ 3 l 3 )[Dcosh(γ 4 l 4 )-CZ c4 sinh(γ 4 l 4 )]+Y c3 sinh(γ 3 l 3 )[AZ c4 sinh(γ 4 l 4 )-Bcosh(γ 3 l 3 )]＝1
in the formula, Z c3 And Z c4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 Characteristic impedance of (2), Y c3 And Y c4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 Characteristic admittance of (2), gamma 3 And gamma 4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 A ', B', C ', D' are ABCD parameters of the network, Z l Is a line l 2 The connected load.
Wherein, step S2 includes the following steps: the specified groups are: l 1 l 2 Group (d); l 3 l 4 Group (iv); l 5 Group (d); determining a fault group: solving the measurement length by using a length solving formula, comparing the measured length with the actual length, if the error is within an acceptable range, the fault is not in the group, and continuously searching the fault group, otherwise, the fault is in the group; determining the specific position of the fault: after finding the faulty group, assume that the fault is at a branch x within the group f Using a length solving formula to solve x f If x is f Reasonably (not less than 0 and not more than the actual length of the branch), the fault occurs in the assumed x of the branch f Otherwise, thenWhen the fault occurs in the other branch, the length solving formula is reused to calculate x f I.e. the specific location of the fault.
Wherein, step S3 includes the following steps: taking the ports (1) and (2) as test ports, connecting the port (3) with a 50 omega resistive load, connecting the port (4) with a 75 omega resistive load, and measuring ABCD parameters of the network; and taking the ports (1) and (3) as test ports, connecting the port (2) with a 50 omega resistive load, connecting the port (4) with a 75 omega resistive load, and measuring ABCD parameters of the network.
Wherein, step S4 includes the following steps: the measured ABCD parameters are substituted into a length estimation analytical formula, and the fault position is obtained after calculation, wherein the average value, the average relative error and the standard deviation of the fault position under three fault conditions are listed in FIG. 6.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be modified and changed substantially within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and any modification, equivalent modification, replacement, etc. based on the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention, which is determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A transmission line network fault positioning method based on ABCD parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, deducing a transmission line network length estimation analytic formula by using ABCD parameters;
s2, making a fault positioning strategy by using a length estimation analysis formula;
s3, selecting a test port to measure the ABCD parameters of the network to be tested according to the fault positioning strategy;
and S4, substituting the measured ABCD parameters into a length estimation analysis formula to obtain a fault position.
2. The ABCD parameter based transmission line network fault location method of claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, taking the ports (1) and (2) as test ports, and deducing branch length estimation formulas at two ends by using ABCD parameters of a network;
and S12, taking the ports (1) and (3) as test ports, and deriving a middle branch length estimation formula by using ABCD parameters of the network.
3. The ABCD parameter based transmission line network fault location method of claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the steps of:
s21, defining a group;
s22, determining a fault group by using a length estimation analysis formula;
and S23, determining the specific position of the fault by using a length estimation analysis formula.
4. The ABCD parameter-based transmission line network fault location method of claim 2, wherein the derivation method of step S11 is:
a＝CZ c1 Z c2 (BY c2 -CZ c2 )+AZ c2 (AY c1 Z c2 -DZ c1 Y c2 )
s111, calculating b = -DZ c1 (BY c2 -CZ c2 )-B(AY c1 Z c2 -DZ c1 Y c2 )-CZ c1 Z c2 (A-D)-AZ c2 (BY c1 -CZ c1 )，
c＝DZ c1 (A-D)+B(BY c1 -CZ c1 )
In the formula, Z c1 And Z c2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 Characteristic impedance of (2), Y c1 And Y c2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 Characteristic admittance of (2), gamma 1 And gamma 2 Are respectively a line l 1 And l 2 A, B, C, D is the ABCD parameter of the network;
s112, obtaining a length estimation formula:
Figure FDA0003083461170000011
s113, obtaining a length estimation formula:
Figure FDA0003083461170000012
s114, adding a checking equation as follows:
cosh(γ 1 l 1 )[Dcosh(γ 2 l 2 )-CZ c2 sinh(γ 2 l 2 )]+Y c1 sinh(γ 1 l 1 )[AZ c2 sinh(γ 2 l 2 )-Bcosh(γ 1 l 1 )]＝1。
5. the ABCD parameter-based transmission line network fault location method of claim 2, wherein the derivation method of step S12 is:
s121, calculating
Figure FDA0003083461170000013
In the formula, Z c3 And Z c4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 Characteristic impedance of (2), Y c3 And Y c4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 Characteristic admittance of (2), gamma 3 And gamma 4 Are respectively a line l 3 And l 4 A ', B', C ', D' are ABCD parameters of the network, Z l Is a line l 2 A connected load;
a′＝CZ c3 Z c4 (BY c4 -CZ c4 )+AZ c4 (AY c3 Z c4 -DZ c3 Y c4 )
s122, calculating b' = -DZ c3 (BY c4 -CZ c4 )-B(AY c3 Z c4 -DZ c3 Y c4 )-CZ c3 Z c4 (A-D)-AZ c4 (BY c3 -CZ c3 )；
c′＝DZ c3 (A-D)+B(BY c3 -CZ c3 )
S123, obtaining a length estimation formula:
Figure FDA0003083461170000014
s124, obtaining a length estimation formula:
Figure FDA0003083461170000021
s125, adding a checking equation as follows:
cosh(γ 3 l 3 )[Dcosh(γ 4 l 4 )-CZ c4 sinh(γ 4 l 4 )]+Y c3 sinh(γ 3 l 3 )[AZ c4 sinh(γ 4 l 4 )-Bcosh(γ 3 l 3 )]＝1。
6. the ABCD parameter based transmission line network fault location method of claim 3, wherein the specific operation method of step S21 is as follows: the specified groups are as follows: l 1 l 2 Group (iv); l 3 l 4 Group (d); l. the 5 Group (d); the specific operation method of step S22 is: calculating the measurement length by using a length estimation formula, comparing the measured length with the actual length, if the error is within an acceptance range, the fault is not in the group, and continuously searching for the fault group, otherwise, the fault is in the group; the specific operation method of step S23 is: suppose the fault is in a branch x of the group f Using a length solving equation to solve for x f If x is f Reasonably, i.e. not less than 0 and not more than the actual length of the branch, the fault occurs at the assumed x of the branch f Otherwise, the fault occurs in the other branch, and the length estimation formula is reused to calculate x f I.e. the specific location of the fault.
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