CN115372356B - A device and method for quickly counting submerged plants in lakes - Google Patents

A device and method for quickly counting submerged plants in lakes Download PDF

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CN115372356B
CN115372356B CN202211002198.8A CN202211002198A CN115372356B CN 115372356 B CN115372356 B CN 115372356B CN 202211002198 A CN202211002198 A CN 202211002198A CN 115372356 B CN115372356 B CN 115372356B
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biomass
plants
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CN115372356A (en
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黄孟斌
杨诚
胡海燕
葛云龙
魏伟
陈琴
王利林
罗曼
颜佳
苏婉
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Wuhan Hanyang Municipal Construction Group Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/18—Buoys having means to control attitude or position, e.g. reaction surfaces or tether
    • B63B22/20—Ballast means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数装置，它包括显示屏、浮体装置、可伸缩杆以及水下高清摄像机；所述浮体装置漂浮于湖泊水面上，所述浮体装置的底部固接有所述可伸缩杆，所述可伸缩杆的下端连接有所述水下高清摄像机，所述浮体装置的顶部通过信号传输线连接有所述显示屏，所述信号传输线的另一端与所述水下高清摄像机的信号输出端相连接。本发明还公开了一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数方法。本发明能够更加准确的估算湖泊水库沉水植物的生物量及其覆盖率；更加全面的了解湖泊水库沉水植物的群落结构和物种多样性。

The present invention discloses a device for quickly counting submerged plants in lakes, which includes a display screen, a floating device, a retractable rod, and an underwater high-definition camera; the floating device floats on the surface of the lake, the retractable rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the floating device, the lower end of the retractable rod is connected to the underwater high-definition camera, the top of the floating device is connected to the display screen via a signal transmission line, and the other end of the signal transmission line is connected to the signal output end of the underwater high-definition camera. The present invention also discloses a method for quickly counting submerged plants in lakes. The present invention can more accurately estimate the biomass and coverage rate of submerged plants in lakes and reservoirs; and more comprehensively understand the community structure and species diversity of submerged plants in lakes and reservoirs.

Description

Lake submerged plant rapid counting device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water area metering and counting, and particularly relates to a rapid counting device and method for lake submerged plants.
Background
The submerged plant is an important component of the lake ecological system, can absorb nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, has important ecological value for controlling the eutrophication of the lake, and can absorb various nutrient substances from the substrate by absorbing the nutrient substances with water body solubility and suspension property and fixing the nutrient substances in the submerged plant in the body, thereby reducing the concentration of nutrient salts of the water body and the substrate and inhibiting the growth of phytoplankton. The submerged plant can weaken the influence of stormy waves and lake currents on the substrate, reduce the resuspension of the substrate and the release of nutritive salt, promote the sedimentation of suspended matters in the water body, improve the transparency of the water body and improve the underwater illumination environment, create a still water environment for zooplankton, provide a huge perching surface area for zooplankton, create good environment and conditions for the survival of zooplankton communities, and capture zooplankton with high density, thereby indirectly controlling the biomass of the zooplankton and achieving the aim of improving water quality.
The underwater high-definition camera is an underwater camera system which is composed of high-quality cables as video transmission control lines and auxiliary control equipment such as an external control box, and is provided with an infrared induction lamp at a high lamp wide angle, and has the main functions of measuring/monitoring/exploration and the like. Can be used for submarine resource investigation, river and lake bottom biological community observation and the like.
Based on the functions of the submerged plants and the underwater camera, in order to quickly and intuitively know the community structure, biomass and biological types of the submerged plants in the lake, the ecological environment of the lake is improved to provide real-time effective data and data, and the functions of the underwater camera are combined, so that a quick, visual and accurate quantitative counting device and method for the submerged plant biomass can be researched.
The Chinese patent document 201810168497.6 discloses a quantitative device and a quantitative investigation method for submerged plants in a lake and reservoir, which are applied to the quantitative investigation method for submerged plants in the lake and reservoir, and comprise a traction rope, an automatic rope loosening hook and a grass grab; the automatic rope loosening hook comprises a flat plate and a hook plate, wherein a traction rope is connected with the flat plate, a hook head is arranged at one end of the hook plate, the hook plate is hinged with the flat plate, the grass grab bucket comprises two grab buckets, the grab buckets are used for grabbing aquatic plants, one ends of the two grab buckets, which are opposite, are hinged, are provided with steel wire ropes, the grass grab buckets are connected onto the flat plate through the steel wire ropes at the hinged positions, and one ends, which are far away from each other, of the two grab buckets are connected together through the steel wire ropes. In a sampling area of a determined lake or reservoir, the device is used for grabbing submerged vegetation, and the biomass and diversity of a submerged plant community of a sampled water body are calculated. Although the device and the method are suitable for biomass estimation research of different water depths, the grab bucket grabs biomass randomly, effective metering in real time cannot be achieved, the efficiency is low, the accuracy of the biomass metering is poor, the equipment operation is complex, the growth environment cannot be intuitively known, and therefore the device and the method are not suitable for rapid and efficient metering research of complex biological structures of lakes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a rapid counting device and a rapid counting method for submerged plants in lakes.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a rapid counting device for submerged plants in a lake, comprising a display screen, a floating body device, a telescopic rod, and an underwater high definition camera;
The floating body device floats on the lake water surface, the bottom of the floating body device is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod, the lower end of the telescopic rod is connected with the underwater high-definition camera, the top of the floating body device is connected with the display screen through a signal transmission line, and the other end of the signal transmission line is connected with the signal output end of the underwater high-definition camera.
Preferably, the telescopic rod is internally provided with a hollow structure, and a channel for the signal transmission line to pass through is arranged in the hollow structure.
Preferably, the telescopic rod is perpendicular to the floating body device, the telescopic rod comprises an upper rod body, a middle rod body and a lower rod body which are in telescopic connection, the diameters of the upper rod body, the middle rod body and the lower rod body are sequentially reduced, cable channels with hollow structures are respectively arranged on the central axes of the upper rod body, the middle rod body and the lower rod body, the lower end of the lower rod body is positioned above the underwater high-definition camera and fixedly connected with a counterweight circular ring block, the bottom of one side of the counterweight circular ring block is adhered with an underwater ranging laser radar, the data of the underwater ranging laser radar is connected to a ranging display through a data transmission line by penetrating through the cable channels, a base of the winch is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the floating body device, a wire rope of the winch sequentially penetrates through the cable channels of the upper rod body, the middle rod body and the lower rod body and is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the lower rod body, a large gear locking part is arranged below the large gear locking part of the winch, the large gear locking part comprises an arc locking piece and a cylindrical shaft which is rotatably connected with the large gear locking piece and a pair of cylindrical shaft seat which is fixedly connected with the arc locking piece arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical shaft seat, and the arc locking piece is fixedly connected with the bottom of the cylindrical shaft seat which is arranged on the cylindrical shaft seat and can penetrate through the arc locking piece;
The telescopic rod is arranged in a way that when the telescopic rod is underwater, the length of the telescopic rod is stretched to the maximum under the action of gravity by the counterweight ring block and the underwater high-definition camera, then a measurer stabilizes the floating body device, and then the crank of the hand winch drives the steel wire rope to pull the bottom end of the lower rod body upwards so as to drive the underwater high-definition camera to move upwards, and the measurer adjusts the length of the telescopic rod to a proper measuring range according to the display distance of the ranging display.
Preferably, a sampling work ship is arranged beside the floating body device, the sampling work ship drags and moves the floating body device, and the display screen and the ranging display are placed on the sampling work ship and are powered by an external power supply.
Preferably, the floating body device includes:
The square floating body part is used for floating on the water surface, and the middle part of the square floating body part is provided with a mounting hole for the top of the electric telescopic rod to pass through and be fixedly connected;
Four vertical counterweight rods which are respectively arranged at four corners of the bottom of the square floating body part;
The four V-shaped weight balancing rods are used for respectively connecting the upper parts of two adjacent vertical weight balancing rods, and the bottom ends of the V-shaped weight balancing rods and the bottom ends of the vertical weight balancing rods are positioned at the same horizontal height;
four steady flow filter screen parts which are arranged between the V-shaped counterweight rod and the bottom of the square floating body part in an adhering way;
The square floating body part can be a floating plate or a hollow floating box, the length and the width of the square floating body part are 50-60cm, the length and the width of the square floating body part cannot be too large, the square floating body part is inconvenient to control and operate, and the bottom ends of the vertical counterweight rod and the V-shaped counterweight rod are connected with a counterweight ball.
Preferably, when observing and counting the submerged plants at the bottom of the lake, the length of the telescopic rod is adjusted according to the depth of the water, the picture shot by the camera is connected to the display screen through the signal transmission line, the growth condition and biomass of the submerged plants at the bottom of the lake are displayed on the display screen, and the screen recording and counting are started, so that the aim of rapid submerged plant biomass metering is fulfilled.
Preferably, the floating body device includes:
The square floating body part is used for floating on the water surface, and the middle part of the square floating body part is provided with a mounting hole for the top of the electric telescopic rod to pass through and be fixedly connected;
Four vertical counterweight rods which are respectively arranged at four corners of the bottom of the square floating body part;
The four V-shaped weight balancing rods are used for respectively connecting the upper parts of two adjacent vertical weight balancing rods, and the bottom ends of the V-shaped weight balancing rods and the bottom ends of the vertical weight balancing rods are positioned at the same horizontal height;
four steady flow filter screen parts which are arranged between the V-shaped counterweight rod and the bottom of the square floating body part in an adhering way;
the square floating body part can be a floating plate or a hollow floating box, and the bottom ends of the vertical counterweight rod and the V-shaped counterweight rod are connected with a counterweight sphere.
A rapid counting method for submerged plants in lakes specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the lake area of which the biomass needs to be measured through field measurement or a network map;
S2, measuring the water depth through a portable instrument lake water body, and counting the isopipe data;
S3, dividing different areas for measuring biomass based on measured lake areas, lake different point depths and other data;
S4, observing and measuring the biomass of the submerged plants in the water body by adopting a rapid counting device for the submerged plants in the lake, determining the total length of the telescopic link according to the depth of the water body in the lake, then adjusting the measuring length of the telescopic link, testing whether the data transmission of the underwater camera and the display screen is normal or not, fixing the underwater camera on the floating body device, moving along a measuring area, and recording the screen to observe the biomass of the submerged plants, wherein the shooting angle of the underwater camera is 220 DEG, and the distance L=2×tan110×h between the lake surfaces is expressed as the distance between the end part of the underwater camera and the lake bottom;
T1, according to the area size of the measured area, the method is divided into two calculation methods, ① is used for measuring the area of the lake to be less than or equal to 50m 2, the data is an empirical value, a full-area scanning mode is adopted for recording and counting, ② is used for measuring the area of the lake to be more than 50m 2, a five-point average method is adopted for measuring, namely four corners and five points in the middle position of an area pattern are selected, the single area is 10m 2, the biomass of the unit area is calculated, and then the biomass of the total area of the lake is calculated.
T2, establishing a calculation formula I of the submerged plant biomass, and calculating the submerged plant biomass of a measurement area;
Wherein S 0 is biomass in unit area, the unit is plant quantity in the scanning area range of plant/m 2;S1, the unit is plant, A is the scanning area of an underwater camera, and the unit is m 2;
If the lake area is measured to be >50m 2, the calculation formula is as follows:
S=S0×A
Wherein S 0 is biomass in unit area, the unit is plant/m 2;S1、S2、S3、S4、S5 is plant quantity in the scanning area range, A 1、A2、A3、A4、A1 is area of an underwater camera scanning area, the unit is m 2, S is biomass in unit area of a measuring area, the unit is plant, A is lake area in unit of a measuring area, and the unit is m 2.
If the measured lake area is less than or equal to 50m 2, the calculation formula is as follows:
S=S0
Wherein S, S 0 is biomass of the area of the measurement area, and the unit is strain.
Preferably, when the five-point average method is adopted for metering, five points of the area graph are selected as four corners and middle positions of the lake needing biomass measurement.
The method can more accurately estimate the biomass of the submerged plants in the lake and reservoir and the coverage rate of the submerged plants in the lake and reservoir, and can more comprehensively understand the community structure and species diversity of the submerged plants in the lake and reservoir. The hand winch and the underwater ranging laser radar are matched with the upper rod body, the middle rod body and the lower rod body which are in telescopic connection, so that the length of the telescopic rod is controlled in a proper range. The total length of the telescopic rod is set according to the depth range of the water area, and the length of the upper rod body is larger than that of the middle rod body and the lower rod body. The design of body device can effectively improve its stability at the surface of water, and vertical counter weight pole, V-arrangement counter weight pole and counter weight ball cooperate jointly, effectively extend body device below the surface of water, increase the counter weight simultaneously and improve stability. The steady flow filter screen part is arranged between the V-shaped counterweight rod and the bottom of the square floating body part, so that fluctuation of water flow can be effectively buffered through the filter screen, and the effect of improving the stability of the floating body is particularly obvious in actual use.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of five points of an area pattern.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the floating body device.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the large gear and the large gear locking portion.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an arc-shaped locking piece.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a cylindrical shaft and a pair of support seats.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the same after having read the present specification.
Example 1]
A rapid counting device for submerged plants in lakes comprises a display screen 1, a floating body device 2, a telescopic rod 3 and an underwater high-definition camera 4;
the floating body device 2 floats on the lake water surface, the bottom of the floating body device 2 is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod 3, the lower end of the telescopic rod 3 is connected with the underwater high-definition camera 4, the top of the floating body device 2 is connected with the display screen 1 through a signal transmission line 5, and the other end of the signal transmission line 5 is connected with the signal output end of the underwater high-definition camera 4.
When observing and counting the submerged plants at the bottom of the lake, the length of the telescopic rod 3 is adjusted according to the depth of the water, a camera shooting picture is connected to the display screen 1 through the signal transmission line 5, the growth condition and biomass of the submerged plants at the bottom of the lake are displayed on the camera shooting picture, the screen recording and counting are started, and the aim of rapid submerged plant biomass metering is achieved.
Example 2 ]
On the basis of embodiment 1, the inside of the telescopic rod 3 is provided with a hollow structure, and a channel for the signal transmission line 5 to pass through is arranged in the hollow structure.
The telescopic rod 3 is perpendicular to the floating body device 2, the telescopic rod 3 comprises an upper rod body 31, a middle rod body 32 and a lower rod body 33 which are in telescopic connection, the diameters of the upper rod body 31, the middle rod body 32 and the lower rod body 33 are sequentially reduced, cable channels with hollow structures are arranged on central axes of the upper rod body 31, the middle rod body 32 and the lower rod body 33, a counterweight circular ring block 16 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower rod body 33 and above the underwater high-definition camera, an underwater ranging laser radar 17 is bonded to the bottom of one side of the counterweight circular ring block 16, and data of the underwater ranging laser radar 17 are connected to a ranging display 18 through the cable channels by a data transmission line 19;
The floating body device 2 is further provided with a hand winch 34, a base of the hand winch 34 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the floating body device 2, a wire rope of the hand winch 34 sequentially penetrates through cable channels of the upper rod body 31, the middle rod body 32 and the lower rod body 33 and is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the lower rod body 33, a large gear locking part 41 is arranged below the side of a large gear 40 of the hand winch 34, the large gear locking part 41 comprises an arc locking piece 42, a cylindrical shaft 45 rotatably connected with the arc locking piece and a pair of supporting seats 44 which are arranged at two ends of the cylindrical shaft 45 and are fixedly connected with the cylindrical shaft 45, the bottom of each supporting seat 44 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the floating body device 2, the upper part of the arc locking piece 42 is provided with a tip end part which can be embedded and clamped with a tooth part of the large gear 40, and the lower part of the arc locking piece 42 is provided with a cylindrical hole 43 for the cylindrical shaft 45 to penetrate through;
The telescopic rod 3 is arranged in such a way that when the telescopic rod 3 is underwater, the length of the telescopic rod 3 is stretched to the maximum under the action of gravity by the counterweight ring block 16 and the underwater high-definition camera, then a measurer stabilizes the floating body device 2, then the crank of the hand winch 34 drives the steel wire rope to pull the bottom end of the lower rod body 33 upwards so as to drive the underwater high-definition camera 4 to move upwards, the measurer adjusts the length of the telescopic rod 3 to a proper measuring range according to the display distance of the distance measuring display 18, and then the steel wire rope of the hand winch 34 is fixed by the large gear locking part 41. The hand winch and the underwater ranging laser radar are matched with the upper rod body, the middle rod body and the lower rod body which are in telescopic connection, so that the length of the telescopic rod is controlled in a proper range. The total length of the telescopic rod is set according to the actual depth range of the water area, and the length of the upper rod body is larger than that of the middle rod body and the lower rod body. In actual measurement, a plurality of floating body devices with different measurement depths are required to be configured, and the lengths of the telescopic rods of the different floating body devices are set according to actual measurement requirements.
A sampling work ship is arranged beside the floating body device 2, the sampling work ship drags and moves the floating body device 2, and the display screen 1 and the ranging display 18 are placed on the sampling work ship and are powered by an external power supply.
The float device 2 comprises:
The square floating body part 10 is used for floating on the water surface, and the middle part of the square floating body part 10 is provided with a mounting hole 14 for the top of the electric telescopic rod 3 to pass through and be fixedly connected;
four vertical weight bars 11 respectively provided at four corners of the bottom of the square floating body part 10;
four V-shaped weight bars 12 connecting upper portions of two adjacent vertical weight bars 11, respectively, the bottom ends of the V-shaped weight bars 12 and the bottom ends of the vertical weight bars 11 being located at the same horizontal height;
four steady flow filter screen parts 15 which are arranged between the V-shaped counterweight rod 12 and the bottom of the square floating body part 10 in an adhering manner;
The square floating body part 10 can be a floating plate or a hollow floating box, the length and the width of the square floating body part are 50-60cm, the length and the width of the square floating body part cannot be too large, the square floating body part is inconvenient to control and operate, and the bottom ends of the vertical weight balancing rod 11 and the V-shaped weight balancing rod 12 are connected with a weight balancing ball 13. The design of body device can effectively improve its stability at the surface of water, and vertical counter weight pole, V-arrangement counter weight pole and counter weight ball cooperate jointly, effectively extend body device below the surface of water, increase the counter weight simultaneously and improve stability. The steady flow filter screen part is arranged between the V-shaped counterweight rod and the bottom of the square floating body part, so that fluctuation of water flow can be effectively buffered through the filter screen, and the effect of improving the stability of the floating body is particularly obvious in actual use.
The method for rapidly counting the submerged plants in the lake by using the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the lake area of which the biomass needs to be measured through field measurement or a network map;
S2, measuring the water depth through a portable instrument lake water body, and counting the isopipe data;
S3, dividing different areas for measuring biomass based on measured lake areas, lake different point depths and other data;
S4, observing and measuring the biomass of the submerged plants in the water body by adopting a lake submerged plant rapid counting device, determining the total length of the telescopic rod 3 according to the depth of the water body in the lake, then adjusting the measuring length of the telescopic rod 3, testing whether the data transmission of the underwater camera 4 and the display screen 1 is normal or not, fixing the underwater camera on the floating body device 2, moving along a measuring area, and recording the screen to observe the biomass of the submerged plants, wherein the shooting angle of the underwater camera is 220 DEG, and the distance L=2×tan110×h between the lake surfaces is expressed as the distance between the end part of the underwater camera and the lake bottom;
T1, according to the area size of the measured area, the method is divided into two calculation methods, ① is used for measuring the area of the lake to be less than or equal to 50m 2, the data is an empirical value, a full-area scanning mode is adopted for recording and counting, ② is used for measuring the area of the lake to be more than 50m 2, a five-point average method is adopted for measuring, namely four corners and five points in the middle position of an area pattern are selected, the single area is 10m 2, the biomass of the unit area is calculated, and then the biomass of the total area of the lake is calculated.
T2, establishing a calculation formula I of the submerged plant biomass according to the conditions, and calculating the submerged plant biomass of the measurement area;
Wherein S 0 is biomass in unit area, the unit is plant quantity in the scanning area range of plant/m 2;S1, the unit is plant, A is the scanning area of an underwater camera, and the unit is m 2;
If the lake area is measured to be >50m 2, the calculation formula is as follows:
S=S0×A
Wherein S 0 is biomass in unit area, the unit is plant/m 2;S1、S2、S3、S4、S5 is plant quantity in the scanning area range, A 1、A2、A3、A4、A1 is area of an underwater camera scanning area, the unit is m 2, S is biomass in unit area of a measuring area, the unit is plant, A is lake area in unit of a measuring area, and the unit is m 2.
If the measured lake area is less than or equal to 50m 2, the calculation formula is as follows:
S=S0
Wherein S, S 0 is biomass of the area of the measurement area, and the unit is strain.
In another technical scheme, when the five-point average method is adopted for metering, five points of the area graph are selected as four corners and middle positions of the lake needing biomass measurement.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention is suited, and further modifications may be readily made by one skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not to be limited to the particular details and examples shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1.一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数装置，其特征在于它包括显示屏(1)、浮体装置(2)、可伸缩杆(3)以及水下高清摄像机(4)；1. A rapid counting device for submerged plants in lakes, characterized in that it comprises a display screen (1), a floating device (2), a retractable rod (3) and an underwater high-definition camera (4); 所述浮体装置(2)漂浮于湖泊水面上，所述浮体装置(2)的底部固接有所述可伸缩杆(3)，所述可伸缩杆(3)的下端连接有所述水下高清摄像机(4)，所述浮体装置(2)的顶部通过信号传输线(5)连接有所述显示屏(1)，所述信号传输线(5)的另一端与所述水下高清摄像机(4)的信号输出端相连接；The floating device (2) floats on the surface of the lake, the retractable rod (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the floating device (2), the lower end of the retractable rod (3) is connected to the underwater high-definition camera (4), the top of the floating device (2) is connected to the display screen (1) via a signal transmission line (5), and the other end of the signal transmission line (5) is connected to the signal output end of the underwater high-definition camera (4); 所述浮体装置(2)包括：The floating device (2) comprises: 用于漂浮于水面上的方形浮体部(10)，所述方形浮体部(10)的中部设有供可伸缩杆(3)顶部穿过并固接的安装孔洞(14)；A square floating body (10) for floating on the water surface, wherein a mounting hole (14) is provided in the middle of the square floating body (10) for the top of the telescopic rod (3) to pass through and be fixed; 四根竖直配重杆(11)，其分别设置于方形浮体部(10)底部四角；Four vertical counterweight rods (11) are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the square floating body (10); 四根V形配重杆(12)，其分别将相邻两根竖直配重杆(11)上部相连接，所述V形配重杆(12)的底端与所述竖直配重杆(11)的底端位于相同的水平高度；Four V-shaped counterweight rods (12), which respectively connect the upper parts of two adjacent vertical counterweight rods (11), and the bottom ends of the V-shaped counterweight rods (12) and the bottom ends of the vertical counterweight rods (11) are located at the same horizontal height; 四个稳流滤网部(15)，其粘接设置在所述V形配重杆(12)与方形浮体部(10)底部之间；Four flow stabilizing filter screen parts (15) are bonded and arranged between the V-shaped counterweight rod (12) and the bottom of the square floating body part (10); 所述方形浮体部(10)可为浮板或者中空浮箱，所述竖直配重杆(11)和V形配重杆(12)的底端均连接有一配重圆球(13)。The square floating body (10) can be a floating plate or a hollow buoyancy box, and the bottom ends of the vertical counterweight rod (11) and the V-shaped counterweight rod (12) are both connected to a counterweight ball (13). 2.如权利要求1所述的一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数装置，其特征在于，所述可伸缩杆(3)为电动伸缩杆，可伸缩杆(3)的内部设有中空结构，中空结构内设有供所述信号传输线(5)通过的通道。2. A rapid counting device for submerged plants in lakes as described in claim 1, characterized in that the telescopic rod (3) is an electric telescopic rod, and a hollow structure is provided inside the telescopic rod (3), and a channel for the signal transmission line (5) to pass through is provided in the hollow structure. 3.如权利要求2所述的一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数装置，其特征在于，所述可伸缩杆(3)垂直于所述浮体装置(2)设置，所述可伸缩杆(3)的下端且位于所述水下高清摄像机的上方固接有一配重圆环块(16)，所述配重圆环块(16)一侧的底部粘接有水下测距激光雷达(17)，所述水下测距激光雷达(17)的数据通过数据传输线(19)穿过可伸缩杆(3)的内部连接至测距显示器(18)，测样人员根据测距显示器(18)的显示距离调整可伸缩杆(3)的长度。3. A rapid counting device for submerged plants in lakes as described in claim 2, characterized in that the retractable rod (3) is arranged perpendicular to the floating body device (2), and a counterweight ring block (16) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the retractable rod (3) and located above the underwater high-definition camera, and an underwater ranging laser radar (17) is bonded to the bottom of one side of the counterweight ring block (16), and the data of the underwater ranging laser radar (17) is connected to the ranging display (18) through the inside of the retractable rod (3) via a data transmission line (19), and the sample measuring personnel adjust the length of the retractable rod (3) according to the display distance of the ranging display (18). 4.如权利要求3所述的一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数装置，其特征在于，所述浮体装置(2)旁设有采样工作船，采样工作船将浮体装置(2)拖拽移动，所述显示屏(1)和测距显示器(18)放置于采样工作船上并由外接电源供电。4. A rapid counting device for submerged plants in lakes as described in claim 3, characterized in that a sampling work boat is provided next to the floating device (2), the sampling work boat drags and moves the floating device (2), and the display screen (1) and the distance measuring display (18) are placed on the sampling work boat and powered by an external power supply. 5.如权利要求1所述的一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数装置，其特征在于，在对湖泊底沉水植物观察计数时，根据水深深度调节可伸缩杆(3)的长度，摄像机拍摄画面通过信号传输线(5)连接到显示屏(1)，在其上显示湖泊底沉水植物生长情况和生物量，开启录屏计数，达到快速沉水植物生物量计量的目的。5. A rapid counting device for submerged plants in lakes as described in claim 1, characterized in that when observing and counting submerged plants at the bottom of a lake, the length of the retractable rod (3) is adjusted according to the water depth, the camera shooting picture is connected to the display screen (1) through a signal transmission line (5), the growth conditions and biomass of submerged plants at the bottom of the lake are displayed thereon, and the screen recording and counting are started to achieve the purpose of rapid submerged plant biomass measurement. 6.一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数方法，其特征在于，使用如权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数装置，具体包括以下步骤：6. A method for rapid counting of submerged plants in lakes, characterized in that the method comprises using a rapid counting device for submerged plants in lakes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and specifically comprising the following steps: S1、通过现场测量或网络地图，测定需要测量生物量的湖泊面积；S1. Determine the lake area where biomass needs to be measured through field measurements or online maps; S2、通过便携式仪器湖泊水体进行测定水深，统计等深线数据；S2. Measure the water depth of lake water bodies using portable instruments and collect isobath data; S3、基于测定的湖泊面积及湖泊不同点位深度数据，划分好测量生物量的不同区域；S3. Based on the measured lake area and depth data at different points in the lake, different areas for measuring biomass are divided; S4、采用湖泊沉水植物快速计数装置对水体沉水植物生物量进行观察测量；根据湖泊水体深度，调整好可伸缩杆(3)长度，测试下水下摄像机(4)和显示屏(1)数据传输是否正常，固定在浮体装置(2)上，沿着测量区域进行移动，录屏观测沉水植物生物量；水下摄像机的拍摄角度为220°，则其湖面间隔扫摄距离L＝2×tan110×h，h表示为水下摄像机端部与湖泊底的距离。S4. Use a lake submerged plant rapid counting device to observe and measure the biomass of submerged plants in the water body; adjust the length of the retractable rod (3) according to the depth of the lake water body, test whether the data transmission of the underwater camera (4) and the display screen (1) is normal, fix it on the floating device (2), move along the measurement area, and record the screen to observe the biomass of submerged plants; the shooting angle of the underwater camera is 220°, then its lake surface interval scanning distance L = 2×tan110×h, where h is represented by the distance between the end of the underwater camera and the bottom of the lake. 7.如权利要求6所述的一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数方法，其特征在于，S4中观察测量具体步骤为：7. A method for rapid counting of submerged plants in lakes as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the specific steps of observation and measurement in S4 are: T1、根据测量区域面积大小分为两种计算方法，①测量湖泊面积≤50m2，数据为经验值，采用全面积扫摄模式录屏计数；②测量湖泊面积＞50m2，采用选取五点平均数法计量，即选取面积图形的四个角落和中间位置五个点位，单个面积为10m2，求取单位面积的生物量，再核算湖泊总面积的生物量；T1. There are two calculation methods according to the size of the measurement area: ① When the lake area is ≤50m2 , the data is an empirical value, and the full-area scanning mode is used to record the screen and count; ② When the lake area is > 50m2 , the five-point average method is used, that is, five points are selected from the four corners and the middle position of the area graph, and the area of each point is 10m2 . The biomass per unit area is calculated, and then the biomass of the total lake area is calculated; T2、建立沉水植物生物量的计算公式I，计算测量区域沉水植物生物量；T2. Establish the calculation formula I for submerged plant biomass and calculate the submerged plant biomass in the measurement area; 式中：S0为单位面积的生物量，单位为株/m2；S1为扫摄面积范围内的植株量，单位为株；A为水下摄像机扫摄区域面积，单位为m2；Where: S0 is the biomass per unit area, in units of plants/ m2 ; S1 is the number of plants within the scanning area, in units of plants; A is the area of the underwater camera scanning area, in units of m2 ; 若测量湖泊面积＞50m2，则计算公式如下：If the measured lake area is > 50m 2 , the calculation formula is as follows: S＝S0×AS＝S 0 ×A 式中：S0为单位面积的生物量，单位为株/m2；S1、S2、S3、S4、S5为扫摄面积范围内的植株量，单位为株；A1、A2、A3、A4、A1为水下摄像机扫摄区域面积，单位为m2；S为测量区域面积的生物量，单位为株；A为测量区域湖泊面积，单位为m2；Where: S0 is the biomass per unit area, in plants/ m2 ; S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 are the number of plants within the scanned area, in plants; A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 , A1 are the areas scanned by the underwater camera, in m2 ; S is the biomass of the measured area, in plants; A is the lake area of the measured area, in m2 ; 若测量湖泊面积≤50m2，则计算公式如下：If the measured lake area is ≤50m2 , the calculation formula is as follows: S＝S0 S＝S 0 式中：S、S0为测量区域面积的生物量，单位为株。Where: S, S0 is the biomass of the measurement area, in units of plants. 8.如权利要求7所述的一种湖泊沉水植物快速计数方法，其特征在于，采用选取五点平均数法计量时，选取面积图形的五个点位为需要测量生物量的湖泊的四个角落和中间位置。8. A method for rapidly counting submerged plants in lakes as described in claim 7, characterized in that when the five-point average method is used for measurement, the five points of the area graph are selected as the four corners and the middle position of the lake where the biomass needs to be measured.
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