CN115347623B - 一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法 - Google Patents
一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115347623B CN115347623B CN202211268123.4A CN202211268123A CN115347623B CN 115347623 B CN115347623 B CN 115347623B CN 202211268123 A CN202211268123 A CN 202211268123A CN 115347623 B CN115347623 B CN 115347623B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electric vehicle
- renewable energy
- grid
- load
- peak
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
- G06Q10/06312—Adjustment or analysis of established resource schedule, e.g. resource or task levelling, or dynamic rescheduling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
- G06Q10/06315—Needs-based resource requirements planning or analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
- H02J3/0075—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source according to economic or energy efficiency considerations, e.g. economic dispatch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
- H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
- H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
- H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
- H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
- H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
- H02J2310/64—The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法,包括以下步骤:根据电动汽车用户的出行特性模型,建立电动汽车用户心理模型、峰谷电价时段转移模型以及电动汽车用户满意度模型;建立抽水蓄能机组以及蓄电池储能机组运行特性及模型;建立以负荷方差及用户满意度为目标函数的电动汽车层调度模型,采用NSGA‑Ⅱ遗传算法求解得到Pareto前沿解集,将每一个解代入模糊隶属度函数,并从中选取最优方案;建立可再生能源微电网层调度模型,分为并网模式和孤岛模式,采用PSO算法负责指定可再生能源微电网层分布式电源每小时的具体出力。本发明不仅降低了系统运维成本,而且提高了可再生能源利用率与系统可靠性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统调度技术领域,尤其涉及一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法。
背景技术
建立“源网荷储”一体化协调统一的微电网系统,对解决可再生能源出力间歇性和不确定性具有重要意义。对于电源侧和电网侧,合理地优化协调微电网内各单元的出力,充分消纳可再生能源是目前研究的重点;对于负荷侧,大规模电动汽车(Electric vehicle,EV)接入电网进行无序充电,也会导致电网负荷峰上加峰;至于储能侧,目前电力系统中各种长时间储能以抽水蓄能最为成熟,然而现有与微电网相关的研究少有能充分利用抽水蓄能机组的调峰、调频以及备用等功能。因此,现有技术存在系统运维成本高、交互功率波动较大、可再生能源利用率较低的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中存在的系统运维成本高、交互功率波动大、可再生能源利用率低的缺陷与问题,提供一种系统运维成本低、交互功率波动小、可再生能源利用率高的考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法。
为实现以上目的,本发明的技术解决方案是:一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、根据电动汽车用户的出行特性模型,建立电动汽车用户心理模型、峰谷电价时段转移模型以及电动汽车用户满意度模型;
S2、建立抽水蓄能机组以及蓄电池储能机组运行特性及模型;
S3、建立以负荷方差及用户满意度为目标函数的电动汽车层调度模型,采用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法求解得到Pareto前沿解集,将每一个解代入模糊隶属度函数,并从中选取最优方案;
S4、建立可再生能源微电网层调度模型,分为并网模式和孤岛模式,采用PSO算法负责指定可再生能源微电网层分布式电源每小时的具体出力。
步骤S1中,所述电动汽车用户的出行特性模型为:
式中,为返程时刻,为返程时刻为时的电动汽车的概率密度函数,为返
程时刻正态分布的方差,为返程时刻正态分布的均值;为每日行驶里程,为每日行
驶里程为时的电动汽车的概率密度函数,为每日行驶里程对数正态分布的均值,为每
日行驶里程对数正态分布的方差;为充电时长,为电动汽车每公里的耗电量,为电动
汽车的充电功率,为电动汽车的充电效率。
步骤S1中,所述电动汽车用户心理模型中,存在饱和区、线性区和死区三个阶段:
步骤S1中,所述电动汽车用户满意度模型为:
式中,为用户满意度,为用电舒适满意度,为用电经济满意度,为电价响应前后每小时充电量改变的总和,为无序充电情况下24小时
充电量的总和,为电价响应前后购电费用的改变量,为电价响应前电
动汽车用户购电的总费用。
步骤S2中,所述抽水蓄能机组运行特性及模型为:
功率约束:
抽水蓄能库容约束:
式中,为抽水蓄能机组在时段蓄水池的库容,为抽水蓄能机组在抽水状
态下的综合发电效率,为抽水蓄能机组在发电状态下的综合发电效率,为蓄水池的
最大库容,为蓄水池的最小库容,为蓄水池的初始库容,为蓄水池的结束库容;
状态切换约束:
备用容量约束:
爬坡约束:
步骤S2中,所述蓄电池储能机组运行特性及模型为:
式中,为时刻蓄电池储能的电池荷电状态;为电池的自放电系数,表征
电池在不使用的情况下电量的自我流失;为时刻蓄电池储能的运行功率,为蓄电
池储能的总容量,和分别为蓄电池储能的充/放电效率,和分别为
蓄电池储能的电池荷电状态的上下限,和分别为蓄电池储能运行功率的上下
限,为蓄电池储能的最大爬坡限制。
步骤S3中,所述电动汽车层调度模型的目标函数为:
所述电动汽车层调度模型的约束条件为:
步骤S4中,并网模式下,所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的目标函数为:
式中,表示经可再生能源微电网层调度后,主网联络线功率的方差;为主网联络线功率的均值,表示并网模式下可再生能源微电网的综合运行
成本,为可再生能源微电网中所有储能单元的运行成本,为各类储能单元的运行维
护成本;为储能单元的类别,时为抽水蓄能机组,时为蓄电池储能机组;为各
类储能单元的出力,为各类储能单元充放单位电量所需的运行维护成本,为所有
储能单元的启停切换状态成本,为各类储能单元的启停切换次数,为各类
储能单元单次的启停切换成本,为可再生能源微电网向主电网的购电/售电成本,和分别为可再生能源微电网的购电/售电状态变量,和分别为
可再生能源微电网的购电/售电电价;
所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的约束条件为:
步骤S4中,孤岛模式下,所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的目标函数为:
式中,表示可再生能源微电网层一天的弃风量总和,为时刻的弃风功
率,表示孤岛模式下可再生能源微电网的综合运行成本,为可再生能源微电网层中所
有储能单元的运行成本,表示因为弃风为可再生能源微电网层带来的折合支出,为单位弃风量的折合费用;
所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的约束条件为:
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法中,面对不同的使用场景,微电网可以运行于并网以及孤岛两种模式,提高了系统的稳定性;系统中不含常规火电机组,同时充分利用了电动汽车需求响应以及储能资源,能够有效的消纳可再生能源,降低微电网综合运行的成本,以及增强系统的安全稳定性和应急响应能力,实现了源网荷储一体化协调统一。因此,本发明降低了系统运维成本、提高了可再生能源利用率、提高了系统可靠性。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法的流程图。
图2是本发明中电动汽车负荷计算流程图。
图3是本发明中电动汽车层的调度结果图。
图4是本发明中可再生能源微电网层中并网模式下的调度结果图。
图5是本发明中可再生能源微电网层中孤岛模式下的调度结果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图说明和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
参见图1,一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、根据电动汽车用户的出行特性模型,建立电动汽车用户心理模型、峰谷电价时段转移模型以及电动汽车用户满意度模型;
所述电动汽车用户的出行特性模型为:
式中,为返程时刻,为返程时刻为时的电动汽车的概率密度函数,为返
程时刻正态分布的方差,为3.4,为返程时刻正态分布的均值,为17.6;为每日行驶
里程,为每日行驶里程为时的电动汽车的概率密度函数,为每日行驶里程对数正
态分布的均值,为3.2,为每日行驶里程对数正态分布的方差,为0.88;为充电时
长,为电动汽车每公里的耗电量,为电动汽车的充电功率,为电动汽车的充电效率;
分时电价将一天分为峰平谷三个时段,如表1所示;当电价在不同时段的差价过大时,部分用户就会考虑转移用电时段来赚取差价,以获得经济效应;
表1 峰平谷时段的划分
所述电动汽车用户心理模型中,存在饱和区、线性区和死区三个阶段:
所述电动汽车用户满意度模型为:
式中,为用户满意度,为用电舒适满意度,为用电经济满意度,为电价响应前后每小时充电量改变的总和,为无序充电情况下24小时
充电量的总和,为电价响应前后购电费用的改变量,为电价响应前电
动汽车用户购电的总费用;
S2、建立抽水蓄能机组以及蓄电池储能机组运行特性及模型;
所述抽水蓄能机组运行特性及模型为:
功率约束:
抽水蓄能库容约束:
式中,为抽水蓄能机组在时段蓄水池的库容,为抽水蓄能机组在抽水状
态下的综合发电效率,为抽水蓄能机组在发电状态下的综合发电效率,为蓄水池的
最大库容,为蓄水池的最小库容,为蓄水池的初始库容,为蓄水池的结束库容;
状态切换约束:
抽水蓄能机组不能进行连续的充放电状态切换,必须保持停机状态至少一个时段之后才能进行转换;
备用容量约束:
抽水蓄能机组不仅能够进行不同质量电能的时空移动,产生额外的经济效益,而且可以保留一定的容量,以应对调度过程中风电光伏的出力波动;
爬坡约束:
所述蓄电池储能机组运行特性及模型为:
式中,为时刻蓄电池储能的电池荷电状态;为电池的自放电系数,表征
电池在不使用的情况下电量的自我流失;为时刻蓄电池储能的运行功率,为蓄电
池储能的总容量,和分别为蓄电池储能的充/放电效率,和分别为
蓄电池储能的电池荷电状态的上下限,和分别为蓄电池储能运行功率的上下
限,为蓄电池储能的最大爬坡限制;
S3、建立以负荷方差及用户满意度为目标函数的电动汽车层调度模型,采用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法求解得到Pareto前沿解集,将每一个解代入模糊隶属度函数,并从中选取最优方案;
所述电动汽车层调度模型的目标函数为:
所述电动汽车层调度模型的约束条件为:
式中,为峰谷电价,和分别为峰谷电价的上下限,考虑到电网盈利需求,
制定的峰谷电价不能低于成本电价;和分别为用电舒适满意度和用电
经济满意度的下限,用电舒适满意度和用电经济满意度不能太低,以免用户大
量流失;为峰谷负荷转移率,考虑到部分用户对电量有着刚性需求,峰谷负荷转移率
存在上限;为最大的负荷转移率,为充电时长的上限;为充电时长,由于次日清
晨电动汽车将再次出行,充电时长存在应低于谷时段持续时长;
为了使调度结果可视化,再次进行蒙特卡洛模拟得到图3;可以看出电动汽车负荷较为平滑地从用电高峰时段转移到了用电低谷时段,并对原负荷起到了很好的削峰填谷的效果;
S4、建立可再生能源微电网层调度模型,分为并网模式和孤岛模式,采用PSO算法负责指定可再生能源微电网层分布式电源每小时的具体出力;
并网模式下,所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的目标函数为:
式中,表示经可再生能源微电网层调度后,主网联络线功率的方差;为主网联络线功率的均值,表示并网模式下可再生能源微电网的综合运行
成本,为可再生能源微电网中所有储能单元的运行成本,为各类储能单元的运行维
护成本;为储能单元的类别,时为抽水蓄能机组,时为蓄电池储能机组;为各
类储能单元的出力,为各类储能单元充放单位电量所需的运行维护成本,为所有
储能单元的启停切换状态成本,为各类储能单元的启停切换次数,为各类
储能单元单次的启停切换成本,为可再生能源微电网向主电网的购电/售电成本,和分别为可再生能源微电网的购电/售电状态变量,和分别为
可再生能源微电网的购电/售电电价;
所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的约束条件为:
不同于并网模式,孤岛模式在目标函数中加入了弃风惩罚项,因此,孤岛模式下,所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的目标函数为:
式中,表示可再生能源微电网层一天的弃风量总和,为时刻的弃风功
率,表示孤岛模式下可再生能源微电网的综合运行成本,为可再生能源微电网层中所
有储能单元的运行成本,表示因为弃风为可再生能源微电网层带来的折合支出,为单位弃风量的折合费用;
所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的约束条件为:
在电动汽车层将优化后的负荷数据传递给可再生能源微电网层,可再生能源微电网层使用PSO粒子群算法对各电源24时的功率进行优化,得到的结果如图4、图5所示。
并网情况下可再生能源微电网层各单元出力如图4所示,可以看出在此时抽水蓄能单元承担了绝大部分的长时间尺度的出力变化,并且消纳了部分由于风电光伏的出力间歇性带来的中频波动,这些是由抽水蓄能的超大容量特性决定的;电池储能主要负责调度过程中的随机中频波动;电网联络线主要负责向主网售卖微电网多余的电能,联络线功率波动很低是由于分配给方差的权重很高,微电网首先要保证不给主网带来大的调度负担。
孤岛模式与并网模式略有不同,如图5所示;多余的可再生能源出力会直接弃用,目标函数中的弃风惩罚项会限制风电的弃用,故抽水蓄能会尽可能转移晚间负荷至白天,蓄电池储能的同并网模式一样,负责调度中频波动。
对两种模式的结果进行对比:孤岛模式的运行成本为32020元,并网模式的运行成本为-137780元,由于并网模式能向主电网售电,所以可以得到一定的收益,对比之下孤岛模式放弃了一定的可再生能源收益,实际中更推荐微电网运行于并网模式。
本发明包括电动汽车层和可再生能源微电网层两阶段;第一阶段为电动汽车(Electric vehicle,EV) 层,根据电动汽车用户的电价响应特性,制定合适的充电电价,在兼顾电动汽车用户出行满意度的同时,初步调控电网原始负荷的波动;第二阶段为可再生能源微电网 (Renewable energy microgrid,REMG) 层,基于初步优化后的负荷,分别在孤岛及并网模式下,调整网内可再生能源弃用量、主网交互功率以及蓄电池、抽水蓄能等储能出力,达到降低系统运维成本、抑制交互功率波动以及提高可再生能源利用率等目标。结果表明,本发明提出的微电网调峰方法能够达到电动汽车用户和微电网双赢的效果,可实现100%可再生能源微电网最优供电。
Claims (9)
1.一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、根据电动汽车用户的出行特性模型,建立电动汽车用户心理模型、峰谷电价时段转移模型以及电动汽车用户满意度模型;
S2、建立抽水蓄能机组以及蓄电池储能机组运行特性及模型;
S3、建立以负荷方差及用户满意度为目标函数的电动汽车层调度模型,采用NSGA-II遗传算法求解得到Pareto前沿解集,将每一个解代入模糊隶属度函数,并从中选取最优方案;
S4、建立可再生能源微电网层调度模型,分为并网模式和孤岛模式,采用PSO算法负责指定可再生能源微电网层分布式电源每小时的具体出力;
并网模式下,所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的目标函数为:
min F4=CES+Cgrid
CES=Com+Closs
式中,F3表示经可再生能源微电网层调度后,主网联络线功率Pgrid(t)的方差;Pgrid,av为主网联络线功率Pgrid(t)的均值,F4表示并网模式下可再生能源微电网的综合运行成本,CES为可再生能源微电网中所有储能单元的运行成本,Com为各类储能单元的运行维护成本;j为储能单元的类别,j=1时为抽水蓄能机组,j=2时为蓄电池储能机组;PES,j(t)为各类储能单元的出力,Kom,j为各类储能单元充放单位电量所需的运行维护成本,Closs为所有储能单元的启停切换状态成本,nchange,j为各类储能单元的启停切换次数,Cchange,j为各类储能单元单次的启停切换成本,Cgrid为可再生能源微电网向主电网的购电/售电成本,和分别为可再生能源微电网的购电/售电状态变量,πbuy(t)和πsell(t)分别为可再生能源微电网的购电/售电电价;
所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的约束条件为:
Pgrid(t)=-Ppv(t)-Pwt(t)-PBA(t)-PCX(t)+Pload(t)
Pload(t)=P0(t)+PEV(t)
式中,Ppv(t)为光伏出力,Pwt(t)为风电出力,PBA(t)为蓄电池储能出力,PCX(t)为抽水蓄能出力,Pload(t)为电动汽车层优化得到的包括电动汽车在内的总负荷,P0为电网原负荷,PEV为电动汽车充电负荷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述抽水蓄能机组运行特性及模型为:
功率约束:
抽水蓄能库容约束:
式中,W(t)为抽水蓄能机组在t时段蓄水池的库容,为抽水蓄能机组在抽水状态下的综合发电效率,为抽水蓄能机组在发电状态下的综合发电效率,Wmax为蓄水池的最大库容,Wmin为蓄水池的最小库容,W0为蓄水池的初始库容,为蓄水池的结束库容;
状态切换约束:
式中,NT为调度时间间隔数;
备用容量约束:
式中,Ru(t)、Rd(t)分别为抽水蓄能机组的正、负备用容量;
爬坡约束:
|PPS(t+1)-PPS(t)|≤rPS
式中,rPS为抽水蓄能机组的最大爬坡。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法,其特征在于:
步骤S3中,所述电动汽车层调度模型的目标函数为:
max F2=CSIcom+CSIeco
式中,F1表示经电动汽车层调度后,电动汽车充电负荷PEV和电网原负荷P0的方差;为电动汽车充电负荷PEV和电网原负荷P0之和的平均负荷;F2表示电动汽车层调度中用户满意度,CSIcom为用电舒适满意度,CSIeco为用电经济满意度;
所述电动汽车层调度模型的约束条件为:
πmin≤π≤πmax
CSIcom≥CSIcom,min
CSIeco≥CSIeco,min
0≤λfg≤λmax
0≤Tc≤Tmax
式中,π为峰谷电价,πmax和πmin分别为峰谷电价的上下限,CSIcom,min和CSIeco,min分别为用电舒适满意度和用电经济满意度的下限,λfg为峰谷负荷转移率,λmax为最大的负荷转移率,Tmax为充电时长的上限,Tc为充电时长。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法,其特征在于:
步骤S4中,孤岛模式下,所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的目标函数为:
min F6=CES+CWTOFF
式中,F5表示可再生能源微电网层一天的弃风量总和,PWTOFF(t)为t时刻的弃风功率,F6表示孤岛模式下可再生能源微电网的综合运行成本,CES为可再生能源微电网层中所有储能单元的运行成本,CWTOFF表示因为弃风为可再生能源微电网层带来的折合支出,πWTOFF为单位弃风量的折合费用;
所述可再生能源微电网层调度模型的约束条件为:
Pgrid(t)=-Ppv(t)-Pwt(t)+PWTOFF(t)-PBA(t)-PCX(t)+Pload(t)
Pgrid(t)=0
0≤PWTOFF(t)≤Pwt(t)koffmax
式中,Pgrid(t)为主网联络线功率,Ppv(t)为光伏出力,Pwt(t)为风电出力,PBA(t)为蓄电池储能出力,PCX(t)为抽水蓄能出力,Pload(t)为电动汽车层优化得到的包括电动汽车在内的总负荷,koffmax为弃风功率允许的最大弃风比例。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211268123.4A CN115347623B (zh) | 2022-10-17 | 2022-10-17 | 一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211268123.4A CN115347623B (zh) | 2022-10-17 | 2022-10-17 | 一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN115347623A CN115347623A (zh) | 2022-11-15 |
CN115347623B true CN115347623B (zh) | 2023-03-24 |
Family
ID=83957055
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211268123.4A Active CN115347623B (zh) | 2022-10-17 | 2022-10-17 | 一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN115347623B (zh) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4862153B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-07 | 2012-01-25 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | 電力負荷平準化方法及びシステム |
CN107069776B (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2019-12-24 | 东南大学 | 一种平滑微网联络线功率的储能前瞻分布式控制方法 |
CN109658012B (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2022-12-02 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种计及需求侧响应的微电网多目标经济调度方法及装置 |
CN113937796A (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-01-14 | 东北电力大学 | 一种含风、光、储、蓄联合系统多时间尺度优化方法 |
CN114140165A (zh) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-04 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司宿迁供电分公司 | 应用于计及电动汽车充放电选择的充放电电价的定价方法 |
CN115062985A (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-16 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | 计及用户舒适度需求侧管理的海上孤岛微电网运行策略 |
-
2022
- 2022-10-17 CN CN202211268123.4A patent/CN115347623B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN115347623A (zh) | 2022-11-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Wang et al. | Two-stage optimal scheduling strategy for large-scale electric vehicles | |
CN109217290B (zh) | 计及电动汽车充放电的微网能量优化管理方法 | |
CN109948823B (zh) | 一种光储充电塔自适应鲁棒日前优化调度方法 | |
CN111762057B (zh) | 一种区域微网中v2g电动汽车智能充放电管理方法 | |
CN117096868A (zh) | 一种考虑多种柔性负荷和电动汽车的微电网能量调度方法 | |
Ma et al. | Optimal dispatch of hybrid energy islanded microgrid considering V2G under TOU tariffs | |
CN116505510A (zh) | 一种基于时空定价策略的集群充电负荷双层优化调度方法 | |
CN114611957A (zh) | 一种用于供需预测偏差二次修正储能能量管理算法 | |
CN115347623B (zh) | 一种考虑电动汽车需求响应的可再生能源微电网调峰方法 | |
CN116613801A (zh) | 一种风光蓄电池混合氢储能发电系统日前优化调度方法 | |
Zhuang et al. | Capacity configuration and control strategy of ev charging station with integrated wind power and energy storage based on ssa | |
CN112785048B (zh) | 计及电动汽车用户需求的直流微电网经济调度方法 | |
CN115049431A (zh) | 一种水电在电力现货市场中的定价方法 | |
CN110929908B (zh) | 多微网系统容量配置与经济调度的协同优化方法及系统 | |
Xiaoyu et al. | Research on ordered charging of battery swapping station based on adaptive genetic algorithm | |
CN111062532A (zh) | 一种考虑v2g的增量配电园区内电网容量配置优化方法 | |
Hongli et al. | Day-ahead optimal dispatch of regional power grid based on electric vehicle participation in peak shaving pricing strategy | |
CN117196686B (zh) | 基于电能量和调频联合市场的深度调峰市场顺次出清方法 | |
Ma et al. | Adaptive Control Strategy of Electric Vehicles Participating in Primary Frequency Regulation of Power Grid | |
Tian et al. | Optimal operation model of multi-energy microgrid considering a large number of EVs | |
CN113128759B (zh) | 一种考虑需求侧响应的区域能源优化运行方法 | |
CN112248868B (zh) | 一种新型充电桩配电系统 | |
Wang et al. | Simulation of Coordinated Optimization Model of Power Grid Energy Storage Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm | |
Yuyang et al. | Optimal Dispatch of Household Microgrid with Electric Vehicle Based on Demand Response | |
He et al. | Robust Optimal Economic Dispatch of Microgrid with Stepwise Demand Response Mechanism |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |