CN115325427A - Solid-air-proof liquid hydrogen storage tank of external magnetic field oxygen filter - Google Patents
Solid-air-proof liquid hydrogen storage tank of external magnetic field oxygen filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN115325427A CN115325427A CN202210817349.9A CN202210817349A CN115325427A CN 115325427 A CN115325427 A CN 115325427A CN 202210817349 A CN202210817349 A CN 202210817349A CN 115325427 A CN115325427 A CN 115325427A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0114—Shape cylindrical with interiorly curved end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0629—Two walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0341—Filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
- F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0626—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
- F17C2265/012—Purifying the fluid by filtering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-solid air-liquid hydrogen storage tank of an external magnetic field oxygen filter, which comprises: the device comprises a storage tank main body, a self-pressurization system, a pressure relief system, a filling system and a discharge system; the bottom of the storage tank main body is a liquid cavity, and the top of the storage tank main body is an air pillow area; the inlet end of the self-pressurization system is communicated with the liquid cavity of the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the self-pressurization system is communicated with the air pillow area; the inlet end of the pressure relief system is communicated with the air pillow area of the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the pressure relief system is communicated with the outside atmosphere; the inlet end of the filling system is connected with an external liquid hydrogen source, and the outlet end of the filling system is communicated with the air pillow area of the storage tank main body; the inlet end of the discharge system is communicated with the liquid cavity of the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the discharge system is communicated with the outside atmosphere; the magnetic oxygen filter is arranged on pipelines of the pressure relief system, the filling system and the discharge system, and is used for capturing oxygen in air entering the storage tank main body when outside air enters the storage tank main body. The invention can eliminate the accumulation of solid and air oxygen enrichment in the existing liquid hydrogen storage tank and prolong the rewarming period of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, and particularly relates to a solid-air prevention liquid hydrogen storage tank with an external magnetic field oxygen filter.
Background
With the vigorous development of domestic aerospace industry and civil hydrogen energy industry, the application level of liquid hydrogen with high specific impulse and no pollution is greatly improved, and large-scale liquid hydrogen production and storage and transportation are future development trends. However, when the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is filled, transferred, discharged and the like, although the inside is theoretically in a positive pressure state, the outside air still inevitably enters the inside of the storage tank, because the inside temperature is about 20K, the entered air is firstly liquefied into liquid air, then deposited on the inner wall of the storage tank and gradually forms solid air, and along with the increase of the service life of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the solid air can be continuously accumulated, and solid air particles can be continuously increased, so that the infiltration of a small amount of air is easily caused, and the air is solidified and accumulated under the low-temperature working condition.
Related studies have shown that this accumulated solid air is oxygen-rich, and that liquid hydrogen systems are susceptible to explosions or detonations when the oxygen in the solid air is greater than the proportion of the oxygen component in the air. Due to the difference of oxygen and nitrogen freezing points, the oxygen content of solid and hollow particles rises along with the increase of the particle radius, when the oxygen content is more than 21%, the risk of spontaneous combustion or automatic detonation caused by solid and hollow particles is increased greatly, and at the moment, the storage tank needs to be reheated, so that the potential safety hazard caused by solid and hollow particles is eliminated. Since the risk of solid-air is mainly caused by the high oxygen content in the solid-air particles, if the oxygen entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be reduced, the risk of solid-air is rapidly reduced, and the service life of the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be prolonged. Therefore, for a large-scale liquid hydrogen production and storage system, the potential safety hazard brought by solid-air accumulation is solved.
At present, solid air deposited in liquid hydrogen is eliminated by adopting a periodic rewarming mode, for example, the method is specified in aerospace standard QJ 3271 liquid hydrogen production safety regulation for oxyhydrogen engine test: after the liquid hydrogen container is continuously produced for three months, heating and blowing off are carried out; the national military standard GJB-2645 liquid hydrogen packaging, storing and transporting requirement is specified in the following section: the liquid hydrogen storage tank is required to be heated periodically to remove accumulated solid volatile impurities, and the heating operation is carried out at least once every two years. The common method is to quickly fill normal temperature hydrogen or nitrogen into a storage tank and keep the storage tank still for a period of time, discharge the gas inside after the heat exchange is fully performed, and then perform the next heat exchange. For a liquid hydrogen storage tank with a large capacity, the temperature of the whole storage tank can be recovered to the normal temperature by a plurality of replacement processes.
The defects of solid air elimination by adopting a rewarming method are mainly embodied in the following two aspects:
1) In order to accelerate the rewarming speed, normal-temperature hydrogen or nitrogen is generally required to be filled into the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a large amount of heat exchange medium gas such as hydrogen or nitrogen is consumed along with the rapid increase of the number of the liquid hydrogen storage tanks in practical application;
2) The rewarming needs a long time, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank cannot be used continuously, so that the production, use and test process related to the liquid hydrogen can be influenced by frequent rewarming operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a solid-air-prevention liquid hydrogen storage tank of an external magnetic field oxygen filter, which can eliminate solid-air oxygen enrichment accumulation in the existing liquid hydrogen storage tank and prolong the rewarming period of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an air-liquid hydrogen storage tank for preventing solid of an external magnetic field oxygen filter comprises: the device comprises a storage tank main body, a self-pressurization system, a pressure relief system, a filling system and a discharge system;
liquid hydrogen is arranged at the bottom in the storage tank main body, the top in the storage tank main body is filled with hydrogen, a liquid cavity is formed by the liquid hydrogen, and an air pillow area is formed by the hydrogen;
the inlet end of the self-pressurization system is communicated with the liquid cavity in the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the self-pressurization system is communicated with the air pillow area in the storage tank main body, and is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank main body into hydrogen so as to adjust the pressure in the storage tank main body;
the inlet end of the pressure relief system is communicated with an air pillow area in the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the pressure relief system is communicated with the outside atmosphere and used for discharging hydrogen in the storage tank main body;
the inlet end of the filling system is connected with an external liquid hydrogen source, and the outlet end of the filling system is communicated with an air pillow area in the storage tank main body and is used for filling liquid hydrogen into the storage tank main body;
the inlet end of the discharge system is communicated with the liquid cavity in the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the discharge system is communicated with the outside atmosphere and is used for discharging the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank main body;
and when outside air enters the storage tank main body, the magnetic oxygen filter is used for capturing oxygen in the air entering the storage tank main body.
Furthermore, more than two magnetic field oxygen filters connected in series are arranged on pipelines of the pressure relief system, the filling system and the discharge system.
Further, the magnetic field oxygen filter comprises: the magnetic sensor comprises a first strong magnet, a second strong magnet and a high-permeability porous medium;
the pipe walls of the pipelines of the pressure relief system, the filling system and the discharge system are all heat-insulating pipeline shells; the high-permeability porous medium is arranged in the heat-insulating pipeline shell; the first strong magnet and the second strong magnet are respectively arranged outside the heat insulation pipeline shell, the mounting positions of the first strong magnet and the second strong magnet are opposite in different poles, and an external magnetic field is formed between the first strong magnet and the second strong magnet; meanwhile, the installation positions of the first strong magnet and the second strong magnet are opposite to the installation position of the high-permeability porous medium.
Furthermore, two ends of the high-permeability porous medium, the first strong magnet and the second strong magnet are respectively provided with a fixing frame.
Furthermore, the high-permeability porous medium adopts magnetic metal wires or stainless steel wool.
Furthermore, the first strong magnet and the second strong magnet are permanent magnets or electromagnets, and the existence of an external magnetic field of the porous medium with high magnetic conductivity can be realized by disassembling the permanent magnets or controlling the power supply of the electromagnets.
Further, the tank main body includes: the outer tank, the inner tank and the tank body bracket; the inner tank is arranged in the outer tank, and a high vacuum heat insulation layer is formed in a cavity between the outer surface of the inner tank and the inner surface of the outer tank; the tank body bracket is arranged outside the outer tank; the storage tank main body is supported on the ground or a platform through the tank body support;
the self-pressurization system includes: the system comprises a self-pressurization pipeline, a vaporization heat exchanger and a first low-temperature regulating valve; the self-pressurization pipeline is positioned outside the storage tank main body, and after two ends of the self-pressurization pipeline penetrate through the wall surfaces of the outer tank and the inner tank, one end of the self-pressurization pipeline is communicated with the liquid cavity of the inner tank, and the other end of the self-pressurization pipeline is communicated with the air pillow area of the inner tank; the vaporization heat exchanger and the first low-temperature regulating valve are both arranged on the self-pressurization pipeline;
the magnetic oxygen filter on the pressure relief system is a first magnetic oxygen filter; the pressure relief system comprises: the pressure relief pipeline, the first magnetic oxygen filter and the second low-temperature regulating valve; one end of the pressure relief pipeline penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank and the inner tank and is communicated with an air pillow area of the inner tank; the other end of the pressure relief pipeline is communicated with the outside atmosphere; the first magnetic field oxygen filter and the second low-temperature regulating valve are both arranged on the pressure relief pipeline;
the magnetic oxygen filter on the filling system is a second magnetic oxygen filter; the filling system comprises: a filling pipeline, a second magnetic oxygen filter and a third low-temperature regulating valve; one end of the filling pipeline penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank and the inner tank and is communicated with the air pillow area of the inner tank; the other end of the filling pipeline is connected with an external liquid hydrogen source; the second magnetic oxygen filter and the third low-temperature regulating valve are both arranged on the filling pipeline;
the magnetic oxygen filter on the discharge system is a third magnetic oxygen filter; the exhaust system includes: a discharge pipeline, a third magnetic oxygen filter and a fourth low-temperature regulating valve; one end of the discharge pipeline penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank and the inner tank and is communicated with the liquid cavity of the inner tank; the other end of the discharge pipeline is communicated with the outside atmosphere; the third magnetic oxygen filter and the fourth low-temperature regulating valve are both arranged on the discharge pipeline.
Furthermore, the first magnetic oxygen filter, the second magnetic oxygen filter and the third magnetic oxygen filter are arranged on the outer sides, far away from the inner tank, of the pressure relief pipeline, the filling pipeline and the discharge pipeline.
Furthermore, the self-pressurization pipeline, the pressure relief pipeline, the filling pipeline, the discharge pipeline, the first low-temperature regulating valve, the second low-temperature regulating valve, the third low-temperature regulating valve and the fourth low-temperature regulating valve are all made of heat insulation materials.
Has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Among common gases, oxygen has relatively strong paramagnetism, while nitrogen has diamagnetism, and the absolute value of relative magnetic susceptibility is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of oxygen. The magnetic susceptibility of common gases relative to oxygen is as follows, oxygen (paramagnetic, 100), hydrogen (diamagnetic, -0.11), nitrogen (diamagnetic, -0.40). In addition, as for paramagnetic substances, the molecular thermal motion can interfere the regular arrangement of molecular magnetic moments, when the temperature is reduced, the molecular thermal motion is weakened, and the paramagnetic effect can be enhanced, so that the paramagnetic susceptibility of oxygen can be greatly improved in a liquid hydrogen temperature region, and therefore, according to the oxygen content distribution characteristics of solid and hollow particles in liquid hydrogen and the paramagnetic (namely, magnetic field enriched oxygen) principle of the oxygen, the magnetic field oxygen filter capable of being used for a liquid hydrogen storage tank is designed, the oxygen source input of the solid and hollow particles can be reduced, and the growth speed of the solid and hollow particles is inhibited; slow down the accumulation of solid air oxygen enrichment in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, prolong the rewarming period of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
(2) According to the invention, normal-temperature hydrogen or nitrogen is not required to be introduced to accelerate the rewarming speed of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, so that a large amount of consumption of heat exchange medium gas such as hydrogen or nitrogen is avoided, and the rewarming time of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is not required to be prolonged, so that the production, use and test processes related to liquid hydrogen are not influenced.
(3) The magnetic field oxygen filter does not influence the integral structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, only needs to be arranged on a pipeline connected with the outside, and meanwhile, the characteristic of the magnetic field meets the safety requirement of the liquid hydrogen application working condition.
(4) The magnetic oxygen filters are positioned outside the low-temperature regulating valve, and cannot influence the liquid hydrogen storage tank when oxygen is enriched or released.
(5) The invention can be provided with more than two magnetic field oxygen filters connected in series on the pressure relief pipeline, the filling pipeline and the discharge pipeline respectively so as to improve the effect of capturing oxygen.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solid air liquid hydrogen storage tank of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field oxygen filter of the present invention;
the device comprises an outer tank 1, an inner tank 2, a high-vacuum heat insulation layer 3, a tank body support 4, a self-pressurization pipeline 5, a vaporization heat exchanger 6, a first low-temperature regulating valve 7, a pressure relief pipeline 8, a first magnetic field oxygen filter 9, a second low-temperature regulating valve 10, a filling pipeline 11, a second magnetic field oxygen filter 12, a third low-temperature regulating valve 13, a discharge pipeline 14, a third magnetic field oxygen filter 15, a fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16, a first strong magnet 17, a second strong magnet 18, a heat insulation pipeline shell 19, a high-permeability porous medium 20 and a fixing frame 21.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a solid-proof air-liquid hydrogen storage tank of an external magnetic field oxygen filter, referring to the attached figure 1, comprising: the device comprises a storage tank main body, a self-pressurization system, a pressure relief system, a filling system and a discharge system;
the tank main body includes: the device comprises an outer tank 1, an inner tank 2 and a tank body bracket 4; the inner tank 2 is arranged inside the outer tank 1, and a high vacuum heat insulation layer 3 is formed in a cavity between the outer surface of the inner tank 2 and the inner surface of the outer tank 1; the tank body bracket 4 is arranged outside the outer tank 1; the main body of the storage tank is supported on the ground or a platform through the tank body bracket 4; the bottom of the inner cavity of the inner tank 2 is provided with liquid hydrogen, the inner cavity of the inner tank 2 is not filled with the liquid hydrogen, the inner cavity of the inner tank 2 is divided into a liquid cavity and an air pillow area, the liquid hydrogen is located in the liquid cavity, the air pillow area is located at the top of the inner cavity of the inner tank 2, and the air pillow area is filled with hydrogen;
the self-pressurization system includes: the system comprises a self-pressurization pipeline 5, a vaporization heat exchanger 6 and a first low-temperature regulating valve 7; the self-pressurization pipeline 5 is positioned outside the storage tank main body, two ends of the self-pressurization pipeline 5 penetrate through the wall surfaces of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 2, one end of the self-pressurization pipeline is communicated with the liquid cavity of the inner tank 2, and the other end of the self-pressurization pipeline is communicated with the air pillow area of the inner tank 2; the vaporization heat exchanger 6 and the first low-temperature regulating valve 7 are both arranged on the self-pressurization pipeline 5, and the vaporization heat exchanger 6 is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen;
the pressure relief system comprises: a pressure relief pipeline 8, a first magnetic oxygen filter 9 and a second low-temperature regulating valve 10; one end of the pressure relief pipeline 8 penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 2 and then is communicated with an air pillow area of the inner tank 2; the other end of the pressure relief pipeline 8 is communicated with the outside atmosphere; the first magnetic field oxygen filter 9 and the second low-temperature regulating valve 10 are both arranged on the pressure relief pipeline 8;
the filling system comprises: a filling pipeline 11, a second magnetic oxygen filter 12 and a third low-temperature regulating valve 13; one end of the filling pipeline 11 penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 2 and then is communicated with an air pillow area of the inner tank 2; the other end of the filling pipeline 11 is connected with an external liquid hydrogen source; the second magnetic field oxygen filter 12 and the third low-temperature regulating valve 13 are both arranged on the filling pipeline 11;
the exhaust system includes: a discharge pipeline 14, a third magnetic oxygen filter 15 and a fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16; one end of the discharge pipeline 14 penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 2 and then is communicated with the liquid cavity of the inner tank 2; the other end of the discharge line 14 is communicated with the outside atmosphere; a third magnetic oxygen filter 15 and a fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16 are both arranged on the discharge pipeline 14;
the self-pressurization pipeline 5, the pressure relief pipeline 8, the filling pipeline 11, the discharge pipeline 14, the first low-temperature regulating valve 7, the second low-temperature regulating valve 10, the third low-temperature regulating valve 13 and the fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16 are all insulated by heat insulating materials;
the first magnetic oxygen filter 9, the second magnetic oxygen filter 12 and the third magnetic oxygen filter 15 are arranged on the outer sides of the pressure relief pipeline 8, the filling pipeline 11 and the discharge pipeline 14 far away from the inner tank 2;
referring to fig. 2, the first magnetic oxygen filter 9, the second magnetic oxygen filter 12 and the third magnetic oxygen filter 15 have the same structure, and are all magnetic oxygen filters, and each magnetic oxygen filter includes: a first strong magnet 17, a second strong magnet 18, a high-permeability porous medium 20 and a fixing frame 21;
the pipe walls of the pressure relief pipeline 8, the filling pipeline 11 and the discharge pipeline 14 are all heat insulation pipeline shells 19; the high permeability porous medium 20 is mounted within the insulated pipe housing 19; the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18 are respectively arranged outside the heat insulation pipeline shell 19, the mounting positions of the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18 are opposite in heteropolar, and a strong magnetic field is formed between the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18; meanwhile, the mounting positions of the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18 are opposite to the mounting position of the high-permeability porous medium 20; the fixing frames 21 are respectively installed at two ends of the high-permeability porous medium 20, the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18 and used for positioning and installing the high-permeability porous medium 20, the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18;
wherein, the high magnetic permeability porous medium 20 adopts magnetic metal wires or stainless steel wool;
the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18 are permanent magnets or electromagnets, and the existence of the external magnetic field of the high-permeability porous medium 20 can be realized by disassembling the permanent magnets or controlling the power supply of the electromagnets;
the magnetic oxygen filter has the following working principle:
a strong magnetic field is formed between the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18; because the high permeability porous medium 20 has high permeability, the magnetic field is concentrated inside the high permeability porous medium 20, the magnetic field leaving the surface of the high permeability porous medium 20 is rapidly attenuated along with the distance to form a very high magnetic field gradient, and the magnetic field gradient has very strong attraction to paramagnetic substances; when fluid passes through the heat insulation pipeline shell 19, the magnetic field oxygen filter operates, the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18 provide an external magnetic field for the high-permeability porous medium 20, and a strong magnetic field gradient is formed on the surface of the high-permeability porous medium 20; when the second low-temperature regulating valve 10, the third low-temperature regulating valve 13 or the fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16 is opened (i.e. fluid passes through the pressure relief pipeline 8, the filling pipeline 11 or the discharge pipeline 14), when external air inevitably flows into the inner tank 2, oxygen with strong paramagnetism in the air is captured by the gradient magnetic field on the surface of the high-permeability porous medium 20, and residual gas continues to pass through; when the second low-temperature regulating valve 10, the third low-temperature regulating valve 13 or the fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16 is closed (i.e., no fluid passes through the pressure relief pipeline 8, the filling pipeline 11 or the discharge pipeline 14), the first strong magnet 17 and the second strong magnet 18 no longer provide an external magnetic field to the high-permeability porous medium 20, oxygen trapped in the high-permeability porous medium 20 is diffused to the outside under the drive of the concentration difference, and the low-temperature regulating valves (i.e., the second low-temperature regulating valve 10, the third low-temperature regulating valve 13 or the fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16) are closed at this time, so that liquid hydrogen in the inner tank 2 is not affected.
More than two magnetic oxygen filters connected in series can be arranged on the pressure relief pipeline 8, the filling pipeline 11 and the discharge pipeline 14 respectively to improve the effect of capturing oxygen.
The use method of the solid-air-liquid-preventing hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps: a self-pressurization method, a pressure relief method, a liquid hydrogen discharge method and a liquid hydrogen filling method;
the self-pressurization method comprises the following steps: the first low-temperature regulating valve 7 is opened, liquid hydrogen in the liquid cavity of the inner tank 2 enters the vaporization heat exchanger 6 to absorb heat and be gasified and converted into hydrogen after passing through the first low-temperature regulating valve 7, the hydrogen enters the air pillow area at the top of the inner tank 2 through the self-pressurization pipeline 5, and the whole self-pressurization process is controlled by the first low-temperature regulating valve 7, so that the pressure in the inner tank 2 is regulated;
the pressure relief method comprises the following steps: when the pressure in the inner tank 2 is too high, the second low-temperature regulating valve 10 is opened, so that the first magnetic oxygen filter 9 is in a running state, and high-pressure hydrogen is discharged; after the set pressure is reached, the second low-temperature regulating valve 10 is closed, the external magnetic field of the high-permeability porous medium 20 in the first magnetic field oxygen filter 9 is removed, the first magnetic field oxygen filter is in a non-operation state, and the enriched oxygen is desorbed and released;
the liquid hydrogen discharge method comprises the following steps: when the liquid hydrogen in the inner tank 2 needs to be transfused, the fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16 is opened, so that the third magnetic oxygen filter 15 is in a running state; the inner cavity of the inner tank 2 is pressurized through a self-pressurization system, and liquid hydrogen is extruded out from a lower discharge pipeline 14; after the discharge is finished, the self-pressurization system and the fourth low-temperature regulating valve 16 are closed, the external magnetic field of the high-permeability porous medium 20 in the third magnetic field oxygen filter 15 is removed, the third magnetic field oxygen filter is in a non-operation state, and the enriched oxygen is desorbed and released;
liquid hydrogen filling: when liquid hydrogen in the inner tank 2 needs to be filled, the second low-temperature regulating valve 10 and the third low-temperature regulating valve 13 are opened, so that the first magnetic oxygen filter 9 and the second magnetic oxygen filter 12 are in a running state; liquid hydrogen of an external liquid hydrogen source enters the inner tank 2 through the filling pipeline 11, and in the liquid hydrogen filling process, hydrogen in the air pillow area is discharged through the pressure release pipeline 8 so as to adjust pressure fluctuation of the inner tank 2 during liquid hydrogen filling; after the liquid hydrogen filling is completed, the second low-temperature regulating valve 10 and the third low-temperature regulating valve 13 are closed, the external magnetic field of the high-permeability porous medium 20 in the first magnetic oxygen filter 9 and the second magnetic oxygen filter 12 is removed, the first magnetic oxygen filter and the second magnetic oxygen filter are in a non-operating state, and the enriched oxygen is desorbed and released.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an external magnetic field oxygen filter's solid empty liquid hydrogen storage tank of preventing which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a storage tank main body, a self-pressurization system, a pressure relief system, a filling system and a discharge system;
liquid hydrogen is arranged at the bottom in the storage tank main body, the top in the storage tank main body is filled with hydrogen, a liquid cavity is formed by the liquid hydrogen, and an air pillow area is formed by the hydrogen;
the inlet end of the self-pressurization system is communicated with the liquid cavity in the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the self-pressurization system is communicated with the air pillow area in the storage tank main body, and is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank main body into hydrogen so as to adjust the pressure in the storage tank main body;
the inlet end of the pressure relief system is communicated with an air pillow area in the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the pressure relief system is communicated with the outside atmosphere and used for discharging hydrogen in the storage tank main body;
the inlet end of the filling system is connected with an external liquid hydrogen source, and the outlet end of the filling system is communicated with an air pillow area in the storage tank main body and is used for filling liquid hydrogen into the storage tank main body;
the inlet end of the discharge system is communicated with the liquid cavity in the storage tank main body, and the outlet end of the discharge system is communicated with the outside atmosphere and is used for discharging the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank main body;
and when outside air enters the storage tank main body, the magnetic oxygen filter is used for capturing oxygen in the air entering the storage tank main body.
2. The anti-solid air liquid hydrogen storage tank of the external magnetic field oxygen filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein more than two magnetic field oxygen filters connected in series are installed on the pipelines of the pressure relief system, the filling system and the discharge system.
3. The anti-solid air-liquid hydrogen tank of the external magnetic oxygen filter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the magnetic oxygen filter comprises: a first ferromagnetic body (17), a second ferromagnetic body (18), and a high-permeability porous medium (20);
the pipe walls of the pipelines of the pressure relief system, the filling system and the discharge system are all heat insulation pipeline shells (19); the high permeability porous medium (20) is mounted within the thermally insulated pipe housing (19); the first strong magnet (17) and the second strong magnet (18) are respectively arranged outside the heat insulation pipeline shell (19), the mounting positions of the first strong magnet (17) and the second strong magnet (18) are opposite in different poles, and an external magnetic field is formed between the first strong magnet and the second strong magnet; meanwhile, the installation positions of the first strong magnet (17) and the second strong magnet (18) are opposite to the installation position of the high-permeability porous medium (20).
4. The solid-proof air-liquid hydrogen storage tank of the external magnetic field oxygen filter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fixing frame (21) is installed at both ends of the high magnetic permeability porous medium (20), the first strong magnet (17) and the second strong magnet (18).
5. The solid-air-liquid-hydrogen-preventing tank of the external magnetic field oxygen filter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the high-permeability porous medium (20) is made of magnetic metal wires or stainless steel wool.
6. The anti-solid air-liquid hydrogen storage tank of the external magnetic field oxygen filter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first strong magnet (17) and the second strong magnet (18) are permanent magnets or electromagnets, and the existence of the external magnetic field of the high-permeability porous medium (20) can be realized by detaching the power supply of the permanent magnets or controlling the power supply of the electromagnets.
7. The anti-solid air-liquid hydrogen tank of the external magnetic field oxygen filter as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the tank body comprises: an outer tank (1), an inner tank (2) and a tank body bracket (4); the inner tank (2) is arranged inside the outer tank (1), and a high-vacuum heat insulation layer (3) is formed in a cavity between the outer surface of the inner tank (2) and the inner surface of the outer tank (1); the tank body bracket (4) is arranged outside the outer tank (1); the storage tank main body is supported on the ground or a platform through the tank body support (4);
the self-pressurization system includes: a self-pressurization pipeline (5), a vaporization heat exchanger (6) and a first low-temperature regulating valve (7); the self-pressurization pipeline (5) is positioned outside the storage tank main body, two ends of the self-pressurization pipeline (5) penetrate through the wall surfaces of the outer tank (1) and the inner tank (2), one end of the self-pressurization pipeline is communicated with the liquid cavity of the inner tank (2), and the other end of the self-pressurization pipeline is communicated with the air pillow area of the inner tank (2); the vaporization heat exchanger (6) and the first low-temperature regulating valve (7) are both arranged on the self-pressurization pipeline (5);
the magnetic oxygen filter on the pressure relief system is a first magnetic oxygen filter (9); the pressure relief system comprises: a pressure relief pipeline (8), a first magnetic field oxygen filter (9) and a second low-temperature regulating valve (10); one end of the pressure relief pipeline (8) penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank (1) and the inner tank (2) and then is communicated with an air pillow area of the inner tank (2); the other end of the pressure relief pipeline (8) is communicated with the outside atmosphere; the first magnetic field oxygen filter (9) and the second low-temperature regulating valve (10) are both arranged on the pressure relief pipeline (8);
the magnetic oxygen filter on the filling system is a second magnetic oxygen filter (12); the filling system comprises: a filling pipeline (11), a second magnetic field oxygen filter (12) and a third low-temperature regulating valve (13); one end of the filling pipeline (11) penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank (1) and the inner tank (2) and then is communicated with an air pillow area of the inner tank (2); the other end of the filling pipeline (11) is connected with an external liquid hydrogen source; the second magnetic field oxygen filter (12) and the third low-temperature regulating valve (13) are both arranged on the filling pipeline (11);
the magnetic oxygen filter on the discharge system is a third magnetic oxygen filter (15); the exhaust system includes: a discharge pipeline (14), a third magnetic field oxygen filter (15) and a fourth low-temperature regulating valve (16); one end of the discharge pipeline (14) penetrates through the wall surfaces of the outer tank (1) and the inner tank (2) and then is communicated with the liquid cavity of the inner tank (2); the other end of the discharge pipeline (14) is communicated with the outside atmosphere; a third magnetic field oxygen filter (15) and a fourth low-temperature regulating valve (16) are both arranged on the discharge pipeline (14).
8. The anti-solid air-liquid hydrogen storage tank with the external magnetic oxygen filter as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first magnetic oxygen filter (9), the second magnetic oxygen filter (12) and the third magnetic oxygen filter (15) are arranged on the outer sides of the pressure relief pipeline (8), the filling pipeline (11) and the discharge pipeline (14) far away from the inner tank (2).
9. The solid-air-proof liquid hydrogen storage tank of the external magnetic field oxygen filter as claimed in claim 7, wherein the self-pressurization pipeline (5), the pressure relief pipeline (8), the filling pipeline (11), the discharge pipeline (14), the first low-temperature regulating valve (7), the second low-temperature regulating valve (10), the third low-temperature regulating valve (13) and the fourth low-temperature regulating valve (16) are all made of heat insulation materials.
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| CN202210279945 | 2022-03-21 | ||
| CN2022102799456 | 2022-03-21 |
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| CN202210817349.9A Pending CN115325427A (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-12 | Solid-air-proof liquid hydrogen storage tank of external magnetic field oxygen filter |
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