CN115324002B

CN115324002B - Marine icebreaking device suitable for ice area

Info

Publication number: CN115324002B
Application number: CN202211125778.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张宇; 李冬琴; 刘家昊; 洪士欢
Original assignee: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2022-09-16
Filing date: 2022-09-16
Publication date: 2023-05-23
Anticipated expiration: 2042-09-16
Also published as: CN115324002A

Abstract

The invention discloses a marine ice breaking device suitable for an ice region, which is arranged at the bow of a ship body and can be particularly divided into a power driving assembly, a hammering rod frame, a hammer head assembly and a sliding push-twist assembly. The power driving component drives the cam to rotate through the motor, so that downward pressure is applied to the hammering rod frame, and the hammer head is lifted according to the lever principle. When the cam rotates through the pressurizing area of the hammering rod frame, the sliding push-torsion assembly gives a torque action to the hammering rod frame through the hydraulic rod and the sliding block, so that the hammer head can rapidly hammer the ice surface under the action of gravity and the torque, and the aim of breaking ice is fulfilled. The device can also adjust the lifting height of the hammer head according to different ice layer thicknesses, thereby controlling the hammering potential energy so as to adapt to the ice breaking demands under different working conditions.

Description

Marine icebreaking device suitable for ice area

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ice breaking, in particular to a marine ice breaking device suitable for an ice area.

Background

The icebreaker is a service ship for breaking the ice layer on the water surface, opening up a channel, ensuring that the ship enters and exits from the ice seal port, anchoring the ground or guiding the ship to navigate in the ice area. The existing ice breaking modes mainly comprise two modes: a continuous ice-breaking mode and an impact ice-breaking mode. Based on these two modes of breaking ice, there are also two main types of existing icebreakers: icebreaker adopting continuous icebreaking mode and icebreaker adopting collision type icebreaker. When the thickness of the ice layer is not more than 1.5 meters, the ice breaker adopting a continuous ice breaking mode is used for breaking ice, in the process of breaking ice, the ice breaker stably moves forwards through the ice layer at the speed of 3-5 seas per hour, and the ice breaker drives to the ice surface by penetrating through the ice layer by virtue of propelling force due to shallower draft at the bow end of the ice breaker, and then the ice layer is broken by virtue of self weight, so that the ice breaking is continuously carried out. When the thickness of the ice layer exceeds 1.5 meters and the ice layer is thicker, the icebreaker cannot crush the ice layer by the self weight, at the moment, the icebreaker adopting the collision type icebreaker is required to break ice, and in the process of breaking ice, the icebreaker opens the horsepower to flush the ice layer, the ice breaker can reverse for a certain distance by utilizing the self momentum and the hard ice breaker bow to break ice, and break ice by taking the horsepower into account and repeatedly breaking the front ice layer, so that a new channel is opened.

By analyzing the two ice breaking modes, the icebreaker adopting the continuous ice breaking mode is slow in ice breaking, low in ice breaking efficiency, and can only be used in sea areas with small ice thickness and thin thickness, and has high requirements on the strength of the ship; the impact type ice breaking mode is adopted, the ice breaking efficiency is low, the energy consumption is high, the bow structure of the ship body is easy to break, the ship body is easy to be blocked by ice, and the two ice breakers are dependent on the ship body and the ship speed to break ice, so that the two ice breakers have high requirements on the ship body structure, the propulsion device, auxiliary facilities and the like, and the cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a marine ice breaking device suitable for an ice region, which solves the problems in the prior art, and enables an ice breaker to continuously and stably break ice under sea conditions with different ice layer thicknesses.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

a marine icebreaking device suitable for an ice area comprises a ship bow, a power driving assembly, a hammering rod frame, a hammer head assembly and a sliding push-twist assembly. The power driving assembly is characterized in that the power driving assembly is driven by a motor to rotate through a gear, and the cams are connected through a rod system and distributed on two sides of the bow of the ship body, and each side of the cams consists of two discs and a cam rod. The power driving assembly is arranged on the sliding plate, the sliding plate can slide back and forth in the fixed slideway under the driving of the double hydraulic rods, and the back and forth displacement of the power driving assembly is realized, so that the lifting height of the hammer head assembly is adjusted.

The hammering rod frame is connected to the bow of the ship body through a rotating shaft rod, and a limiting protrusion is arranged at the joint to prevent the hammer head assembly from continuing to do circular motion after the hammer head assembly bumps the ice surface. The hammering rod frame is formed by a rotating shaft rod, a longitudinal rod piece, inclined struts and a cross beam, and the bent rods are arranged on two sides of the rotating shaft rod and used for assisting the sliding push-button assembly to provide rotating torque for the hammering rod frame.

The hammer head assemblies are respectively arranged at two ends and the middle position of the cross beam, wherein the weight is made of high-density metal materials and is fixed on the cross beam so as to provide enough gravitational potential energy. The lower half part of the weight is provided with a conical head which is hinged with the weight through a limiting rod. The top of the cone head is provided with a shock absorber which is used for recovering the initial position when the cone head hammer lifts up after the ice surface is hit.

The sliding push-button assembly drives the cylindrical sliding block to reciprocate back and forth by the cam driving hydraulic rod. The cylindrical sliding block is arranged in the sleeve, the top of the cylindrical sliding block is connected with a round rod, and the end part of the round rod is hinged with a semi-cylindrical barrel-shaped component for transmitting thrust to the bent rod.

Further, preferably, the marine ice breaking device suitable for the ice area is fixed on the bow of the ship body, and the continuous hammering type auxiliary ice breaking device comprises a power driving assembly, a hammering rod frame, a hammer head assembly and a sliding push-button assembly.

Further, as the preference, the power driving component is installed inside the ship body, and comprises a motor, a transmission gear and a rod system, and is fixed on a sliding plate, and the front-back displacement of the power driving component is realized through two hydraulic telescopic rods, so that the lifting height of the hammer head component is adjusted, holes for displacement are reserved on two sides of the bow of the ship body, a fixed slideway is fixed on a deck inside the ship body, the sliding plate is fixed on the top of the double hydraulic rods, and the bottom of the double hydraulic rods is fixed on a rotary hinged support of the hammering rod frame.

Further, preferably, the hammering rod frame is a quadrilateral frame, two diagonal braces are arranged in the hammering rod frame, and the angle formed by the diagonal braces meets the lifting requirement of the hammering rod frame.

Further, preferably, the hammering rod frame is provided with a hammer head assembly at the front end, and the rear end protruding rod piece is used for pressing the hammering rod frame to rotate by the cam rod. Two bending rods extend from two ends of the rotating shaft rod and are used for sliding the push-button assembly to act on the hammering rod frame.

Further, preferably, the rotation shaft is provided with a limit protrusion at the rotation hinge support to limit a rotation angle of the hammering shaft frame.

Further, preferably, the total number of the hammer head assemblies is 5, and the hammer head assemblies are arranged at the two ends and the middle position of the front end cross beam of the hammering rod frame.

Further, preferably, the cone head is embedded in the lower part of the weight, and the shock absorber is arranged at the top of the cone head, so that the cone head can still recover to the original position after rotating around the limit rod.

Further, preferably, the sliding push-button assembly is disposed between the cam and the rotating shaft, and the cam drives the cylindrical sliding block to reciprocate back and forth in the sleeve through the hinged hydraulic rod, so that the hammering rod frame is given a forward thrust, and an initial speed is given to the hammering rod frame, so that the hammer head assembly can hammer the ice surface more forcefully.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the marine ice breaking device suitable for the ice region can be well arranged on the bow of a ship sailing in the ice region, and has certain operability and practicability. The ice breaking device performs work on the pressure of the hammering rod frame through the cam based on the lever principle, converts the work into gravitational potential energy of the hammer head to hammer the ice surface, and breaks the ice surface before the bow is not contacted with the ice surface. The sliding push-button assembly fully utilizes the force generated by the rotation of the cam, gives a rotating force to the hammering rod frame, increases kinetic energy on the basis of gravitational potential energy of the hammer head, and can damage thicker ice layers. The double hydraulic rods are used for adjusting the position of the cam acting on the hammering rod frame, so that the lifting height of the hammer head assembly is further adjusted, and the gravitational potential energy of the hammer head can be adjusted according to different ice layer conditions. The shock absorber of the hammer head assembly can enable the cone head to rotate around the limiting rod and restore to the original position after being lifted, so that the cone head is prevented from being pricked into the ice surface to block the ship from sailing, and therefore continuous sailing of the ship in an ice area can be achieved. The rotation angle of the rod system can be limited by the limiting rod of the ice breaking device, and the ice breaking device can be repeatedly hammered for ice areas with thicker ice layers, so that the practicability of the ice breaking device is further improved.

Drawings

The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the sliding push button assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a detailed view of the construction of the hammer head assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1. a hull bow; 2. a power drive assembly; 3. a hammering rod frame; 4. a hammer head assembly; 5. a sliding push button assembly; 201. a motor; 202. a sliding plate; 203. fixing the slideway; 204. a gear; 205. a rotary hinge support; 206. a rod system; 207. a cam; 208. a cam lever; 209. a coupling; 210. a double hydraulic rod; 301. a rotating shaft; 302. bending a rod; 303. a longitudinal bar; 304. diagonal bracing; 305. a cross beam; 401. a weight block; 403. a shock absorber; 404. a conical head; 405. a limit rod; 501. a hydraulic rod; 502. a sleeve; 503. a sleeve support rod 1; 504. a sleeve support rod 2; 505. a cylindrical slider; 507. a semi-cylindrical barrel-shaped member.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The present invention provides a ship ice breaking device suitable for ice areas as shown in fig. 1-4. The ship bow comprises a ship bow body 1, a power driving assembly 2, a hammering rod frame 3, a hammer head assembly 4 and a sliding push-button assembly 5, wherein the power driving assembly 2 is driven by a motor 201 to rotate through a gear 204, the cams 207 are connected through a rod system 206 and distributed on two sides of the ship bow body, and each side of the cams 207 is composed of two discs and a cam rod 208. The power driving assembly 2 is mounted on a sliding plate 202, and the sliding plate 202 can slide back and forth in the fixed slideway 203 under the drive of the double hydraulic rods 210, so that the back and forth displacement of the power driving assembly 2 is realized, and the lifting height of the hammer head assembly 4 is adjusted. The hammering bar frame 3 is connected to the hull bow 1 through a rotating shaft 301, and is provided with a limiting protrusion at the connection to prevent the hammer head assembly 4 from continuing the circular motion after breaking up the ice. The hammering rod frame 3 is formed by a rotary shaft 301, a longitudinal rod 303, a diagonal brace 304 and a cross beam 305, and a bending rod 302 is arranged at two sides of the rotary shaft 301 for assisting the pushing and twisting assembly 5 to provide rotary torque for the hammering rod frame 3. The hammer head assembly 4 is installed at two ends and at the middle position of the cross beam 305 respectively, wherein the weight 401 is fixed on the cross beam 305 by adopting high-density metal materials so as to provide enough gravitational potential energy. The lower part of the weight 401 is fitted with a conical head 404 which is hinged to the weight 401 by a stop rod 405. The top of the conical head 404 is provided with a shock absorber 403 which is used for recovering the initial position when the conical head 404 is lifted after hammering the ice surface. The sliding knob assembly 5 is driven by the cam 207 to drive the hydraulic rod 501 to reciprocate the cylindrical slider 505 back and forth. A cylindrical slider 505 is placed in the sleeve 502, with a round bar attached to the top, and a semi-cylindrical barrel member 507 hinged to the end of the round bar for transmitting thrust to the bent bar 302.

Example two

The present embodiment proposes a marine ice breaking device suitable for ice areas, including the overall structure of the ice breaker in embodiment one, unlike embodiment one, when the ice breaker encounters a sea condition with an ice layer thickness below 1m, the sliding plate 202 is driven to move towards the tail by extending the double hydraulic rod 210, so that the length of the cam 207 acting on the hammering rod frame 3 is smaller, thereby reducing the lifting height of the hammer head assembly 4 and increasing the hammering frequency. At the same time, the hydraulic lever 501 is contracted, and the force of the slide button assembly 5 on the hammer lever bracket 3 is canceled. Realize high-efficient quick hammering ice surface of supplementary icebreaking device of continuous hammering formula.

Example III

The embodiment provides a marine ice breaking device suitable for an ice region, which comprises the whole structure of the ice breaker in the first embodiment. Unlike the first and second embodiments, when the icebreaker encounters a sea condition with an ice layer thickness of 1m to 1.5m, the sliding plate 202 is driven to a proper position by adjusting the double hydraulic rod 210, so that the length of the cam 207 acting on the hammering rod frame 3 is increased, thereby increasing the lifting height of the hammer head assembly 4 and increasing the gravitational potential energy of the hammer head assembly 4. At the same time, the hydraulic lever 501 is adjusted so that the cam 207 can generate a rotational force to the hammer lever bracket 3, giving the hammer head assembly 4 a rotational kinetic energy, improving the icebreaking capacity of the icebreaking device.

Example IV

The present embodiment proposes a marine ice breaking device suitable for ice areas, including the overall structure of the ice breaker described in embodiment one, unlike embodiment one, embodiment two and embodiment three, in which when the ice breaker encounters a thickness of 1.5m or more or a hull jam occurs, the length of the cam 207 acting on the hammering rod frame 3 is further increased by shortening the sliding plate 202 driven by the double hydraulic rod 210, and the gravitational potential energy of the hammer head assembly 4 is further increased. At the same time, the hydraulic lever 501 is adjusted so that the cam 207 can generate a rotational force to the hammering lever frame 3, giving the hammer head assembly 4 a rotational kinetic energy, further improving the ice breaking capability of the ice breaking device, and performing in-situ repeated hammering until the ice breaking surface is hit.

The invention has the advantages of ingenious design, reasonable structure, and certain operability and practicability. The ice breaking device performs work on the pressure of the hammering rod frame 3 through the cam 207 based on the lever principle to convert the pressure into gravitational potential energy of the hammer head to hammer the ice surface, so that the ice surface is broken before the bow is not contacted with the ice surface. The sliding push-torsion assembly fully utilizes the force generated by the rotation of the cam 207, gives a rotating force to the hammering rod frame 3, increases kinetic energy on the basis of gravitational potential energy of the hammer head, and can damage thicker ice layers. The double hydraulic rod 210 is used for adjusting the position of the cam 207 acting on the hammering rod frame 3, so as to further adjust the lifting height of the hammer head assembly 4, and further adjust the gravitational potential energy of the hammer head according to different ice layer conditions. The shock absorber 403 of the hammer head assembly 4 can enable the cone head 404 to rotate around the limiting rod 405 and restore to the original position after being lifted, so that the cone head 404 is prevented from being pricked into the ice surface to prevent the ship from sailing, and therefore, continuous sailing of the ship in an ice area can be realized. The stop lever 405 of the icebreaking device can limit the rotation angle of the lever system 206, and the device can be repeatedly hammered for ice areas with thicker ice layers, so that the practicability of the device is further improved.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The marine ice breaking device suitable for the ice areas is characterized by comprising a ship bow (1), a power driving assembly (2), a hammering rod frame (3), a hammer head assembly (4) and a sliding push-button assembly (5), wherein the power driving assembly (2) is driven by a motor (201) to rotate through a gear (204) and cams (207) are connected through a rod system (206) and distributed on two sides of the ship bow (1), and each side cam (207) is composed of two discs and a cam rod (208); the power driving assembly (2) is arranged on the sliding plate (202), the sliding plate (202) can slide back and forth in the fixed slideway (203) under the drive of the double hydraulic rods (210), and the front and back displacement of the power driving assembly (2) is realized, so that the lifting height of the hammer head assembly (4) is adjusted;

the hammering rod frame (3) is connected to the bow part (1) of the ship body through a rotating shaft rod (301), and a limiting bulge is arranged at the connecting part so as to prevent the hammer head assembly (4) from continuing to do circular motion after crushing ice surfaces; the hammering rod frame (3) is an integral frame formed by a rotating shaft rod (301), a longitudinal rod piece (303), inclined struts (304) and a cross beam (305), wherein the bent rods (302) are arranged at two sides of the rotating shaft rod (301) and are used for assisting the sliding push-button assembly (5) to provide rotating torque for the hammering rod frame (3);

the hammer head assemblies (4) are respectively arranged at two ends and the middle position of the cross beam (305), wherein the weight (401) is made of high-density metal materials and is fixed on the cross beam (305) so as to provide enough gravitational potential energy; the lower half part of the weight (401) is provided with a conical head (404), and the conical head is hinged with the weight (401) through a limiting rod (405); the top of the conical head (404) is provided with a shock absorber (403) which is used for recovering the initial position when the conical head (404) is lifted after hammering the ice surface;

the sliding push-button assembly (5) drives the hydraulic rod (501) to drive the cylindrical sliding block (505) to reciprocate back and forth by the cam (207); the cylindrical sliding block (505) is arranged in the sleeve (502), the top of the cylindrical sliding block is connected with a round rod, and the end part of the round rod is hinged with a semi-cylindrical barrel-shaped member (507) for transmitting thrust to the bent rod (302);

the power driving assembly (2) is arranged in a ship body and comprises a motor (201), a gear (204) and a rod system (206), meanwhile, the assembly is fixed on a sliding plate (202), the front-back displacement of the power driving assembly (2) is realized through a double hydraulic rod (210), so that the lifting height of the hammer head assembly (4) is adjusted, holes for the displacement of the rod system (206) are reserved at two sides of the bow part (1) of the ship body, a fixed slideway (203) is fixed on a deck in the ship body, the sliding plate (202) is fixed at the top of the double hydraulic rod (210), and the bottom of the fixed slideway is fixed on a rotary hinged support (205) of the hammering rod frame (3);

the hammering rod frame (3) is a quadrangular frame, two inclined struts (304) are arranged in the hammering rod frame, the angle formed by the two inclined struts (304) meets the lifting requirement of the hammering rod frame (3), the front end of the hammering rod frame (3) is provided with a hammer head assembly (4), and a rod piece protruding from the rear end is used for pressing the hammering rod frame (3) to rotate by a cam rod (208); two bending rods (302) extend from two ends of the rotating shaft rod (301) and are used for acting on the hammering rod frame (3) by the sliding push-torsion assembly (5); the rotary shaft lever (301) is provided with a limiting protrusion at the rotary hinge support (205) to limit the rotation angle of the hammering rod frame (3).

2. A marine ice-breaking device suitable for ice areas according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the hammer head assemblies (4) is 5, and the hammer head assemblies are arranged at two ends and the middle position of a front end cross beam (305) of the hammering rod frame (3); the cone head (404) is embedded at the lower part of the weight (401), and the shock absorber (403) is arranged at the top of the cone head (404) so that the cone head (404) can still restore to the original position after rotating around the limit rod (405).

3. A marine ice breaking device suitable for ice areas according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding push-button assembly (5) is arranged between the cam (207) and the rotating shaft lever (301), the cam (207) drives the cylindrical sliding block (505) to reciprocate back and forth in the sleeve (502) through the hinged hydraulic rod (501), so that the hammering rod frame (3) is given a forward thrust and an initial speed, and the hammer head assembly (4) can hammer ice more forcefully.