CN115318802B - An environmentally friendly photovoltaic module recycling system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection recovery of photovoltaic modules, in particular to an environmental protection type photovoltaic module recovery system, which comprises a frame disassembly mechanism and a hot air separation mechanism; the photovoltaic module is grabbed by the feeding mechanical arm, and the metal frame of the photovoltaic module can be dismantled by the frame dismantling mechanism without damaging the battery plate; separating the glass plate from the battery plate through a hot air separating mechanism to obtain a complete glass plate and a complete crystalline silicon battery plate; compared with the common treatment process of breaking and separating again, the invention can directly recycle the complete glass plate and the battery plate, and can be put into production for use again only by carrying out the working procedures of decontamination, polishing and the like on the glass plate, thereby saving a large number of recycling treatment processes and effectively improving the economic benefit of the photovoltaic module recycling technology.

Description

An environmentally friendly photovoltaic module recycling system

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of environmentally friendly recycling of photovoltaic components, specifically an environmentally friendly photovoltaic component recycling system.

Background technique

The solar photovoltaic industry is an emerging industry in recent years. As a clean renewable energy, solar energy is being widely welcomed and used around the world. my country's photovoltaic industry has a leading position in the world, in production and sales. Occupying most of the global market share; the core product of the photovoltaic industry is photovoltaic modules, that is, solar panels; photovoltaic modules are usually composed of glass, cells, back films, aluminum frames, junction boxes and other components, and can be Achieve a certain output power and output voltage under light conditions.

On the other hand, with the large-scale production of photovoltaic modules, there is also the problem of recycling waste photovoltaic modules; most of the components used in photovoltaic modules are made of recyclable resources. If they can be effectively recycled, they can effectively save money. The use of various raw materials and reducing the flow of harmful substances in photovoltaic modules to nature causing environmental pollution and other problems.

Currently, common processes for recycling photovoltaic modules include high-temperature incineration, chemical treatment, and screening after crushing. High-temperature incineration not only consumes high energy, but also produces a large amount of harmful waste gas that requires secondary treatment, which increases the cost of recycling and makes the recycling process dangerous. The chemical treatment method has a long processing cycle, low processing efficiency, and is difficult to widely promote and use; while the crushing and screening method is to crush the entire photovoltaic module together, and then vibrate and centrifuge the mixed powder to separate different components. The separation effect of this method is average and the separation is not thorough enough; moreover, the above method usually destroys the integrity of the glass plate and crystalline silicon solar panel, making it impossible to completely recycle the entire glass plate and solar panel, and they need to be re-smelted later. Recycling requires processing, which adds additional steps and costs.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly photovoltaic module recycling system that can completely recycle glass plates and crystalline silicon panels in photovoltaic modules.

Based on the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

An environmentally friendly photovoltaic module recycling system includes a loading mechanism, a frame removal mechanism and a hot air separation mechanism connected in sequence. The loading mechanism includes a loading robotic arm system. The loading robotic arm system includes a robotic arm track and a loading robotic arm. A loading area is provided in conjunction with the loading robotic arm system; a frame removal mechanism is provided on the path of the robotic arm track, the frame removal mechanism includes a frame removal robotic arm, and a frame conveyor belt is provided below the frame removal robotic arm; the frame conveyor belt of the robotic arm track is provided One end is connected to the feeding area, and the other end is connected to a hot air separation mechanism; the hot air separation mechanism includes a hot air separator, and the hot air separator is equipped with a battery plate conveyor belt and a glass plate conveyor belt respectively.

Preferably, the loading robot arm includes a drive unit, which cooperates with the robot arm track to drive the loading robot arm to move along the robot arm track; the bottom of the drive unit is connected to a robot arm electric cylinder, and the end of the robot arm electric cylinder is provided with a pneumatic suction cup. .

Preferably, the frame-removing robotic arm includes a pair of four-way frame-removing devices arranged up and down. The pair of four-way frame-removing devices are respectively provided on the frame-removing base and the top frame-removing bracket; the frame-removing base is arranged on the robotic arm track through the base bracket. Directly below, the frame conveyor belt is set at the bottom of the base bracket; a buffer base is set on the top of the base bracket, and a four-way frame remover is set around the buffer base.

Preferably, the four-way frame removal device includes four strip-shaped frame removal plates, the four frame removal plates surround a rectangle, and the inside of each frame removal plate is connected to a frame removal electric cylinder, and the fixed end of the frame removal electric cylinder Fixed on the frame base or top frame bracket respectively.

Preferably, the top frame-removal bracket includes a pair of lifting frames symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the robotic arm track. A pair of lifting platforms are provided on the inner side of the pair of lifting frames; the pair of lifting platforms are both fixedly provided with a lifting platform facing inward. The other end of each frame remover electric cylinder is fixedly connected to an L-shaped frame remover bracket, and the frame remover electric cylinder of the four-way frame remover is fixedly connected to the frame remover support.

Preferably, a hot air separation chamber is provided in the hot air separation machine, and channels are provided at the front and rear of the hot air separation chamber to connect to the outside world; the robotic arm track enters the hot air separation chamber through the channel at the entrance end, and a hot air fan is provided in the hot air separation chamber; the hot air separation chamber There are two separate conveyor belts connected to the outside world. The two separate conveyor belts are respectively the battery plate conveyor belt and the glass plate conveyor belt.

Preferably, a separation mechanical arm is provided on one side of the part of the battery plate conveyor belt located outside the hot air separator, and a pneumatic suction cup is provided on the end of the separation mechanical arm; the bottom of the separation mechanical arm is installed on the rotating base, and is separated relative to the battery plate conveyor belt. The other side of the robotic arm is equipped with a silicon plate conveyor belt.

Preferably, a scrap area is provided under the robotic arm track; a detection camera is provided on the robotic arm, and the detection camera is positioned toward the bottom of the robotic arm; and the control system of the loading robotic arm is provided with a battery panel detection program that cooperates with the detection camera. .

Preferably, a method for recycling photovoltaic modules includes the following steps:

S1. Remove the junction box: Remove the junction box installed on the recycled photovoltaic modules to obtain a complete panel including a complete metal frame, glass sheet and crystalline silicon cells;

S2. Grabbing; the loading robot arm grabs the solar panels obtained in S1 into the air through the pneumatic suction cup set at the bottom, and drives the solar panels for subsequent processes through the movement of the robot arm on the robot arm track;

S3. Frame removal: Move the battery panel processed by S1 to the frame removal mechanism through the loading robot arm, and remove the metal frame on the panel through the four-way frame removal device on the frame removal mechanism to make the metal frame fall down. to the bottom bezel conveyor belt;

S4. Hot air separation: Through the loading robot arm, the battery panels with the frames removed after S3 processing are moved into the hot air separator for hot air degumming and separation to separate the crystalline silicon cells from the glass sheets. The sheets and glass sheets are placed on different conveyor belts;

S5. Separate recycling: Collect the metal frames, crystalline silicon cells and glass sheets separated in steps S3 and S4 separately for subsequent recycling, and recycle and process the metal frames, crystalline silicon cells and glass sheets into new products respectively. .

Preferably, in S1, after the junction box is removed, the photovoltaic module is placed in the loading area with the glass plate facing up; in S2, a transfer conveyor belt is set up between the frame removal mechanism and the hot air separator, and the robot arm track is A branch track is set up to match it; the main track of the robot arm track connects the loading area and the frame removal mechanism, and the branch track cooperates with the transfer conveyor belt to connect the main track and the hot air separator; the metal frame removed in S3 is transported through the frame conveyor belt to the metal crusher for crushing to make metal powder; during the hot air degumming and separation process in S4, a hot air separator is used to heat the photovoltaic modules to 150-250 degrees Celsius; the crystalline silicon cells separated in S5 are transported through the panel conveyor belt It is crushed in a crystalline silicon crusher to make silicon powder; the glass pieces separated in S5 are transported to the glass plate collection area through the glass plate conveyor belt, and the complete glass plates are cleaned, decontaminated and stacked for collection.

The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

The present invention uses a mechanical arm and a special frame-removal mechanism to remove the frame on the photovoltaic module, uses a suction cup mechanical arm to absorb the glass plate, places the entire component on the frame-removal base, and uses the frame-removal base and the suction cup mechanical arm to clamp Hold the photovoltaic module; then use a four-way frame remover to resist the gap between the frame, the glass plate, and the back film, and remove it outwards; the whole process does not damage the glass plate, and the glass plate can be completely retained while removing the frame , making it possible to completely recycle the entire glass plate, recycling the glass plate to the greatest extent, and facilitating its continued recycling.

This invention adopts hot air degluing and separation method for the photovoltaic module after removing the frame, melting the EVA and other materials used to bond the glass plate, crystalline silicon cells and back film, and cooperates with the pneumatic suction cup mechanical arm to absorb the glass plate from above. The transportation method can make the back film and crystalline silicon battery panel that have lost their adhesive connection fall off and separate from the glass sheet, and then be recycled separately.

For the separated crystalline silicon solar panels, the separation robotic arm can be used to separate them again to separate them from the back film material; for the completely separated glass plates and crystalline silicon solar panels, they can be transferred to the subsequent process area. Carry out the cleaning and decontamination process, polish it again and directly recycle it; it can also be crushed, smelted and reprocessed as needed for subsequent recycling like a metal frame.

The invention is equipped with an automatic detection system, which can use the detection camera to detect the integrity of the battery board after the frame removal process is completed; it can promptly discover whether there are problems such as glass breakage in the battery board during the frame removal process, and for defective products that have been broken Products can be automatically put into the waste area through the loading robot arm for unified collection; since the broken battery panels have lost the value of complete recycling, they are separated from the complete glass panels and placed into the waste area. It can avoid mixing incomplete glass plates in the complete glass plate recycling area, and facilitate the centralized processing of incomplete and broken battery panels.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the marked area in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Figure 2 after removing the top frame removal bracket and the upper frame removal device;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the frame removal mechanism of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the frame removal mechanism of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the hot air separator of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the loading robot arm according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

In the picture: material preparation table 1; scrap table 11; loading robot arm 2; robot arm track 21; drive unit 22; robot arm electric cylinder 23; pneumatic suction cup hand 24; detection camera 25; frame removal mechanism 3; upper frame removal device 31; lower frame remover 32; frame remover electric cylinder 33; frame remover base 34; buffer base 35; frame remover electric cylinder 36; upper frame remover support 37; lifting frame 38; frame conveyor belt 4; transfer conveyor belt 5; hot air Separator 6; hot air separation chamber 61; glass conveyor belt 7; panel conveyor belt 8; silicon plate conveyor belt 81; separation mechanical arm 82; photovoltaic module 9.

Detailed ways

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment is a system for decomposing and recycling waste photovoltaic modules. Its main function is to decompose the waste photovoltaic modules 9 as completely as possible and completely separate the different recyclable components from each other. and collected for easy recycling.

In this embodiment, the loading robot arm 2 is mainly used to transport the photovoltaic modules 9; the loading robot arm 2 moves through the robot arm track 21 so that it can grab the photovoltaic module 9 and follow the path of the robot arm track 21 The grabbed photovoltaic modules 9 are moved to different equipment for different processes; at the starting end of the robotic arm track 21, a material preparation table 1 is provided, and the material preparation table 1 is used for subsequent decomposition processing. The photovoltaic modules 9 to be processed are stacked and collected before the process; the junction box of the photovoltaic modules 9 is removed before being placed on the material preparation table 1, and the glass plate is placed with one side facing up to facilitate the decomposition process of keeping the glass plate intact.

A frame-removal mechanism 3 is provided at the middle section of the robot arm track 21; the frame-removal mechanism 3 is mainly used to completely remove the metal frame of the photovoltaic module 9; the metal frame removed by the frame-removal mechanism 3 will fall to the bottom. On the set frame conveyor belt 4, the frame conveyor belt 4 carries out transportation and collection for the next step of processing; at the end of the robot arm track 21, a transfer conveyor belt 5 is provided, and a bifurcated section of the robot arm track 21 is provided , the transfer conveyor belt 5 is set at a position that matches the bifurcated section of the robotic arm track 21, and a second loading robot arm 2 is provided on the bifurcated section, which can cooperate with the transfer conveyor belt 5 to perform the two steps of frame removal and hot air separation. The photovoltaic modules 9 are transferred, the vacancy rate of each device is reduced, and the overall working efficiency of the system is improved.

The bifurcated section of the robotic arm track 21 is connected to the interior of the hot air separator 6, so that the second loading robotic arm 2 can bring the photovoltaic module 9 with the frame removed into the interior of the hot air separator 6 for hot air degumming and separation. Process; after completing the hot air separation and glue removal process, the glass plates and battery panels that were originally bonded together will be separated from each other, and then transported out of the hot air separator 6 through the glass conveyor belt 7 and the battery plate conveyor belt 8 respectively.

As shown in Figure 2, Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the marked area in Figure 1 to show the cooperative relationship between the frame removal mechanism 3 and the loading robot arm 2; the frame removal mechanism 3 is generally divided into two parts. The frame remover 31 and the lower frame remover 32; the upper frame remover 31 is set on the upper frame remover bracket 37, and the lower frame remover 32 is set on the frame remover base 34; the photovoltaic module 9 can be loaded by the loading robot arm 2 It is placed between the upper frame remover 31 and the lower frame remover 32, and then under the joint action of the upper and lower four-way frame removers, the metal frame of the photovoltaic module 9 is removed, while the internal parts such as the glass plate and battery panel are retained. The components are in good condition.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the loading robotic arm 2 includes a driving unit 22 arranged on the robotic arm track 21; the driving unit 22 can cooperate with the robotic arm track 21 to drive the entire loading robotic arm 2 on the robotic arm track 21 Move along the robot arm track 21 within the range; the bottom of the drive unit 22 is fixedly connected to the robot arm electric cylinder 23, and the free end of the bottom of the robot arm electric cylinder 22 is provided with a pneumatic suction cup hand 24; the bottom of the pneumatic suction cup hand 24 is provided There are four pneumatic vacuum suction cups. When contacting the glass plate side of the photovoltaic module 9, the entire photovoltaic module 9 can be firmly fixed on the pneumatic suction cup hand 24 through the vacuum suction cup, so that the loading robot arm 2 can grasp the photovoltaic module 9. Pick.

The structure of the lower frame remover 32 is the same as that of the upper frame remover 31. They are both composed of four frame remover plates forming a rectangular parallelepiped, and a frame remover electric cylinder 36 is provided on the inside of the frame remover plate; the frame remover electric cylinder 36 The frame removal plate can be driven to shrink inward or expand outward; the frame removal plate is provided with a blade-shaped protrusion extending outward for frame removal, which is called a blade plate; the blade plate of the upper frame removal device 31 is located on the frame removal plate. The lower part of the frame plate, and the lower frame remover 32 is located on the upper part of the frame removal plate; the blade-shaped plate can be inserted into the gap between the metal frame and the battery panel to separate the metal frame from the battery panel; during the frame removal By pushing the electric cylinder 36 outward, the metal frame can be pushed outward and the metal frame can be completely removed from the battery board, thereby not damaging the integrity of the glass plate and the battery board.

The frame-removal electric cylinder 36 of the lower frame-removal device 32 is arranged on the buffer base 35 of the frame-removal base 34, specifically on the four sides around the buffer base 35; the buffer base 35 is provided with a plurality of buffer round pads, and Its position matches the robot arm track 21 so that the loading robot arm 2 grabbing the photovoltaic module 9 can match the buffer base 35 and clamp the entire photovoltaic module 9 in the middle like two fingers; the height of the buffer base 35 Cooperating with the lower frame remover 32, the top surface height of the buffer base 35 is slightly lower than the top surface height of the blade-shaped plate of the lower frame remover 32, but the top surface height of the buffer round pad is slightly higher than the top surface of the blade-shaped plate. height; in this way, when the bottom back surface of the photovoltaic module 9 contacts the buffer base 35, the blade-shaped plate of the lower frame remover 32 can be pressed against the bottom surface of the photovoltaic module 9 and fit closely, so as to facilitate the blade-shaped The plate is inserted into the gap between the metal frame and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic module 9 .

As shown in Figure 4, a pair of lifting frames 38 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the entire frame removal mechanism 31. A lifting platform is provided on the lifting frame 38. The lifting platform can be raised and lowered on the lifting frame 38; a lifting frame is fixedly provided on the lifting platform. The frame support electric cylinder 33, the frame removal support electric cylinder 33 is set toward the inside, and can drive the upper frame removal device bracket 37 and the upper frame removal device 31 fixed on the frame removal support electric cylinder 33 to perform left and right parallel telescopic movement; The frame support 37 includes two symmetrically arranged L-shaped support plates, which are fixedly connected to the two frame-removing support electric cylinders 33 respectively, and can be opened and closed to move left and right under the telescopic movement of the two frame-removing support electric cylinders 33. Two frame-removal electric cylinders 36 are fixedly provided on the bracket plate of the frame-removal device support 37 to connect the two adjacent frame-removal plates; when the new photovoltaic module 9 is to enter the frame-removal mechanism 3 from one side, It is necessary to shrink the frame removal bracket electric cylinder 33 to split the upper frame removal device 31 into left and right parts and remove it from the movement path of the photovoltaic module 9, so as to facilitate placing the photovoltaic module 9 at a predetermined position; the photovoltaic module 9 After being placed in place, extend the frame-removing bracket electric cylinder 33 to merge the upper frame-removing device 31, and start the frame-removing process.

As shown in Figure 5, during the frame removal process, while keeping the frame removal electric cylinders 36 of the two frame removal devices in a contracted state, first remove the shrink frame removal bracket electric cylinder 33 to separate the upper frame removal device 31 for movement. The photovoltaic module 9 provides space and path; then the loading robot arm 2 grabs the photovoltaic module 9 and moves it directly above the frame removal base 34, so that the pneumatic suction cup hand 24 and the buffer base 35 are aligned up and down; then the loading robot arm 2 The arm cylinder 23 extends, driving the pneumatic suction cup hand 24 to move downward, so that the pneumatic suction cup hand 24 and the buffer base 35 of the frame removal base 34 form a two-finger clamping shape, and the photovoltaic module 9 is firmly clamped in the frame removal process. position; after completing the clamping and installation of the photovoltaic module 9, extend the frame-removing bracket electric cylinder 33 to re-merge the upper frame-removing device 32, and then lower the height of the upper frame-removing device 31 through the lifting frame 38, so that the upper frame-removing device 31 The bottom of the blade-shaped plate is pressed against the top glass plate of the photovoltaic module 9; after the upper and lower frame-removing devices are in place, the frame-removing electric cylinder 36 is driven to move the frame-removing plate outward; the blade-shaped plate on the frame-removing plate is inserted into Between the battery panel and the metal frame, under the force of the frame removal cylinder 36 continuing to push and squeeze outward, the metal frame can be completely peeled off and removed from the photovoltaic module 9; the removed metal frame will fall to the bottom. On the set frame conveyor belt 4, it is transported to the frame collection area for subsequent recycling of metal; if there is actual need, a small circular saw for cutting can also be installed at each corner of the four-way frame remover before removing the frame. First, cut the corners of the metal frame to make it easier to remove it from the battery board.

After completing the frame removal process, the photovoltaic modules 9 will continue to be transported by the loading robot arm 2 to the transfer conveyor belt 5 and placed on the transfer conveyor belt 5; after being put down, the first loading robot arm 2 will return and The frame removal process of the next photovoltaic module 9 is carried out, and the first photovoltaic module 9 that has completed the frame removal will be moved to the second loading station set on the bifurcated section of the robotic arm track 21 under the transmission of the transfer conveyor belt 5 Below the mechanical arm 2, it is re-grabbed by the loading mechanical arm 2 and brought into the hot air separator 6.

As shown in Figure 6, the bifurcated section of the robotic arm track 21 directly penetrates into the hot air separation chamber 61 inside the hot air separation machine 6; multiple hot air fans are provided in the hot air separation chamber 61 for controlling the photovoltaic energy in the hot air separation chamber 61. Component 9 is heated by hot air; the temperature of the hot air heating is set between 150 degrees Celsius and 250 degrees Celsius, so that the EVA and other adhesives used to bond the layers can be bonded without damaging the panels of the glass panels. Melting, releasing the bonding relationship between the glass plate and the battery plate; since one side of the glass plate is facing upward and is grabbed by the loading robot arm 2, the battery plate will fall under the action of gravity and separate from the glass plate; There are two outward transmission channels in the hot air separator 6, which are the lateral battery plate conveyor belt 8 and the straight outward glass conveyor belt 7; during hot air separation, the loading robot arm 2 stays on the battery plate above the conveyor belt 8, so that when the battery panels fall, they will just fall on the battery panel conveyor belt 8. The separated and fallen battery panels will be transported by the battery panel conveyor belt 8 to the outside of the hot air separator 6 for collection and recycling processing; and the remaining The complete glass plate can be placed on the glass conveyor belt 7 by the loading robot arm 2 and transported to the outside of the hot air separator 6 for collection and recycling processing.

The separated glass plates are complete in size and only need to be simply re-polished before they can be recycled and put back into the assembly and manufacturing of photovoltaic modules; however, due to possible residues of adhesives and other materials, they need to be cleaned and removed. After contamination, subsequent recycling processing is carried out.

Example 2

The main technical solution used in this embodiment is not substantially different from the above-mentioned embodiment. The main difference is that this embodiment is provided with a separation mechanism at the battery plate conveyor belt 8 to facilitate the separation of the crystalline silicon battery plate and the back film material again. , to obtain purer crystalline silicon panels.

As shown in Figure 7, a separation robotic arm 82 is provided on one side of the battery plate conveyor belt 8, and a silicon plate conveyor belt 81 is provided on the other side of the separation robotic arm 82; the separation robotic arm 82 is provided on a rotating base, with its top A transverse beam is provided, and an electric cylinder is fixedly installed under the end of the beam; the bottom end of the electric cylinder is provided with a pneumatic vacuum suction cup, which can adsorb the battery panels conveyed on the battery plate conveyor belt 8 to the bottom end of the electric cylinder to achieve grabbing. The effect; because the adhesive material has just been separated by hot air and has not yet solidified, at this time, the battery panel can be separated from the lowest layer of back film material by grabbing the battery panel and lifting it.

When the battery panels that have been separated by hot air pass through the battery panel conveyor belt 8, the separation robot arm 82 extends the electric cylinder, lowers the pneumatic vacuum suction cup downward until it contacts the battery panel, and adsorbs the battery panel to the bottom of the electric cylinder to complete the alignment. Grasping of the battery board; after grabbing the battery board, recycle the electric cylinder and grab the battery board to separate the back film material at the bottom from the battery board; then the separation mechanical arm 82 rotates to the other side under the rotation of the rotating base. side, so that the battery panels move to the top of the silicon plate conveyor belt 81; then the separation robot arm 82 puts down the battery panels, and the battery panels can be moved and collected through the silicon plate conveyor belt 81 for subsequent recycling processing; for the recycled pure battery plate materials, Since there may be residues of adhesive materials, etc., they should be cleaned and decontaminated before recycling.

Example 3

The main technical means used in this embodiment are not substantially different from the above-mentioned embodiments. The main difference is that this embodiment is equipped with an automatic detection system and a supporting waste recycling mechanism.

As shown in Figure 8, in this embodiment, an additional scrap table 11 is set up at the material preparation table 1, and the starting end of the robotic arm track 21 is extended to match the scrap table 11; the robotic arm 2 can move to the scrap table Above 11, the scrap photovoltaic modules 9 that are broken due to the frame disassembly process are moved to the scrap table 11, collected, and separated from the photovoltaic modules 9 with intact glass sheets and panels after normal disassembly, and collected separately for processing with different specifications. .

As shown in Figure 9, the present invention is equipped with a detection camera 25 on the loading robot arm 2, which is set facing downwards so that the photovoltaic module 9 can be photographed in time; after the frame removal process is completed, the detection camera 25 starts to work and photographs the photovoltaic module 9. For the photovoltaic module below, the captured image is transmitted to the control system of the loading robot arm 2; the control system is equipped with an intelligent image recognition program, which can identify the photovoltaic module 9 in the image captured by the detection camera 25. Whether there are traces of fragmentation in the glass piece; if there is cracking, shattering, etc., and the complete glass cannot be recycled, then the loading robot arm 2 will be controlled to move to the waste table 11, and the waste photovoltaic module 9 will be placed on the waste It will be recycled within Taiwan 11.

Example 4

The technical solution used in this embodiment is not substantially different from the above-mentioned embodiment. The main difference is that this embodiment is provided with an electric heating device on the blade-shaped plate of the four-way frame remover.

In this embodiment, the blade-shaped plate of the four-way frame remover is provided with a resistance heating device at the end of the blade structure. By connecting the circuit to the blade-shaped plate, the temperature of the end of the blade-shaped plate can be heated using the principle of resistance heat release. , similar to the principle of an electric soldering iron; the temperature of the heated blade-shaped plate is set between 300-400 degrees Celsius, which can quickly soften or even melt the glue filled between the metal frame and its internal battery panel without damaging the frame or battery panel. and glass plate; through the heated blade-shaped plate, the glue filled in the frame can be quickly removed during the frame disassembly step, reducing the resistance when dismantling the frame, reducing the firmness of the connection between the frame and the glass, thereby reducing the risk of glass disassembly. The risk of breakage during the framing process increases the success rate of frame removal and the yield of complete glass.

Example 5

This embodiment is a system for environmentally friendly recycling of photovoltaic modules, which aims to recycle all parts of the photovoltaic modules as completely as possible, so as to save subsequent recycling processing technology and reduce the overall recycling cost.

This embodiment includes the following processing steps:

S1. Remove the junction box: Remove the junction box installed on the recycled photovoltaic module, which means that a complete solar panel remains;

S2. Frame removal: Use a robotic arm to move the battery board with the junction box removed after S1 processing to the frame removal mechanism, and remove the metal frame on the battery board;

S3. Hot air separation: Use a robotic arm to move the solar panels with their frames removed after S2 processing to a hot air separator for hot air degumming and separation to separate the crystalline silicon solar cells from the glass sheets;

S4. Separate recycling: Collect the metal frames, crystalline silicon cells and glass sheets separated in steps S2 and S3 separately for subsequent recycling.

After the junction box is removed in S1, the photovoltaic module needs to be placed in the loading area with the side of the glass plate facing up; the metal frame removed in S2 is transported to the metal crusher through the frame conveyor belt for crushing to produce metal powder. The metal powder can be collected again and smelted to form a new metal frame for production use; when performing the hot air degumming and separation process in S3, a hot air separator is used to heat the photovoltaic modules to 150-250 degrees Celsius; due to the commonly used heat in photovoltaic modules The adhesive is usually EVA and other materials, and its melting point is generally between 60 and 85 degrees Celsius. The adhesive can be melted at 150 to 250 degrees Celsius to release the adhesion between the layers in the photovoltaic module.

The crystalline silicon cells separated in S3 are transported to the crystalline silicon crusher through the panel conveyor belt for crushing to make silicon powder. The silicon powder can subsequently be processed into industrial products by other processes to recover its value; the glass separated in S3 The pieces are transported to the glass plate collection area through the glass plate conveyor belt, and the complete glass plates are cleaned and decontaminated before being stacked and collected; if the glass plates are to be recycled into photovoltaic modules, they need to be re-polished and surface treated to make them meet the requirements. Demand for the use of photovoltaic module glass; Compared with the traditional method of collecting powder after crushing and then smelting it, the method of this embodiment directly recycles the complete glass plate, saving a lot of subsequent processing technology and greatly reducing the recycling cost Reprocessing costs improve the economic benefits of photovoltaic module recycling technology.

The above is only a further explanation of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. All descriptions do not mean to limit the scope of the present invention. Any person skilled in the art will use the technology disclosed in the present invention to Changes or alternatives that can be easily imagined within the scope should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. An environmentally friendly photovoltaic module recycling system, including a loading mechanism, a frame removal mechanism and a hot air separation mechanism connected in sequence, characterized in that: the loading mechanism includes a loading robotic arm system, and the loading robotic arm system It includes a robotic arm track and a loading robotic arm. A loading area is provided in conjunction with the loading robotic arm system; a frame removal mechanism is provided on the path of the robotic arm track, and the frame removal mechanism includes a frame removal robotic arm. , a frame conveyor belt is provided below the frame-removing robotic arm; one end of the robotic arm track is connected to the loading area, and the other end is connected to a hot air separation mechanism; the hot air separation mechanism includes a hot air separator, and the hot air separator There are battery panel conveyor belts and glass plate conveyor belts respectively; the frame-removing mechanical arm includes a pair of four-way frame-removing devices arranged up and down, and the pair of four-way frame-removing devices are respectively provided on the frame-removing base and the top frame-removing bracket. ; The frame removal base is set directly below the robotic arm track through the base bracket, and the frame conveyor belt is set at the bottom of the base bracket; the top of the base bracket is provided with a buffer base, and the four-way frame removal device is set at the Around the buffer base; the top frame-removal bracket includes a pair of lifting frames symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the robotic arm track, and a pair of lifting platforms are provided on the inner side of the pair of lifting frames; a pair of the The lifting platform is all fixed with a frame-removing bracket electric cylinder facing inward. The other end of each frame-removing bracket electric cylinder is fixedly connected with an L-shaped frame-removing device bracket. The frame-removing electric cylinder of the four-way frame-removing device Fixedly connected to the frame remover bracket; the four-way frame remover includes four strip-shaped frame remover boards, the four frame remover boards surround a rectangle, and the inside of each frame remover board is connected with Frame-removal electric cylinder, the fixed ends of the frame-removal electric cylinder are respectively fixed on the frame-removal base or the top frame-removal bracket; the four frame-removal plates are all provided with blade-shaped plates, and the blade-shaped plates are A resistance heating device is provided at the end. 2. The environmentally friendly photovoltaic component recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the loading mechanical arm includes a driving unit, and the driving unit cooperates with the robotic arm track to drive the loading robotic arm along the The robotic arm tracks move; a robotic arm electric cylinder is connected to the bottom of the driving unit, and a pneumatic suction cup is provided at the end of the robotic arm electric cylinder. 3. The environmentally friendly photovoltaic module recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a hot air separation chamber is provided in the hot air separator, and channels are provided at the front and rear of the hot air separation chamber to connect to the outside world; the mechanical arm The track enters the hot air separation chamber through the passage at the entrance end. A hot air fan is provided in the hot air separation chamber; two separation conveyor belts are respectively provided in the hot air separation chamber and connected to the outside world. The two separation conveyor belts They are battery panel conveyor belt and glass plate conveyor belt respectively. 4. The environmentally friendly photovoltaic module recycling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: a separation mechanical arm is provided on one side of the part of the panel conveyor belt located outside the hot air separator, and a separation mechanical arm is provided on the end of the separation mechanical arm. Pneumatic suction cup; the bottom of the separation robotic arm is installed on the rotating base, and a silicon plate conveyor belt is provided on the other side of the separation robotic arm opposite to the battery plate conveyor belt. 5. The environmentally friendly photovoltaic component recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a waste area is provided under the track of the robotic arm; a detection camera is provided on the loading robot arm, and the detection camera faces The control system of the loading robot arm is provided with a battery panel detection program that cooperates with the detection camera. 6. A method for recycling photovoltaic components using the system of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1. Remove the junction box: Remove the junction box installed on the recycled photovoltaic modules to obtain a complete panel including a complete metal frame, glass sheet and crystalline silicon cells; S2, robotic arm grabbing; the loading robotic arm grabs the solar panels obtained in S1 into the air through the pneumatic suction cup set at the bottom, and drives the solar panels through the movement of the loading robotic arm on the robotic arm track. subsequent processes; S3. Frame removal by the frame removal mechanism: The battery panels processed by S1 are moved to the frame removal mechanism through the loading robot arm, and the metal frame on the panel is removed through the four-way frame removal device on the frame removal mechanism to make the metal The bezel drops onto the bezel conveyor at the bottom; S4. Separation by hot air separator: Through the loading robot arm, the battery panels with the frames removed after S3 processing are moved into the hot air separator for hot air degumming and separation to separate the crystalline silicon cells from the glass sheets. Silicon cells and glass sheets are placed on different conveyor belts; S5. Separate recycling: Collect the metal frames, crystalline silicon cells and glass sheets separated in steps S3 and S4 separately for subsequent recycling, and recycle and process the metal frames, crystalline silicon cells and glass sheets into new products respectively. ; S6. Scrap recycling: The battery panels processed by S3 are automatically detected through the detection camera. If the problem of glass breakage is found, the battery panel is determined to be scrap and placed in the scrap table through the loading robot arm. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in S1, after the junction box is removed, the photovoltaic module is placed with the glass plate facing up in the loading area; in S2, the frame removal mechanism A transfer conveyor belt is set up between it and the hot air separator, and a branch track is set up on the robotic arm track to match it; the main track of the robotic arm track connects the loading area and the frame removal mechanism, and the branch track cooperates with the transfer conveyor belt to connect the main track. Track and hot air separator; the metal frame removed in S3 is transported to the metal crusher through the frame conveyor belt for crushing to make metal powder; when the hot air degumming and separation process is performed in S4, the hot air separator is used to heat the photovoltaic modules to 150 degrees Celsius - 250 degrees Celsius; the crystalline silicon cells separated in S5 are conveyed to the crystalline silicon crusher through the battery plate conveyor belt for crushing to make silicon powder; the glass pieces separated in S5 are conveyed through the glass plate conveyor belt Transfer to the glass plate collection area, clean and decontaminate the complete glass plates and then stack them for collection.