CN115318798A - High-efficiency organic waste treatment process device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency treatment process device and method for organic waste. The device comprises a pulverizer, a solid mixer, a degradation furnace, a water-powder mixer and a vibrating screen which are connected in sequence in the direction of organic waste treatment. There is also a porous medium inlet, and two material separation and conveying branches are also drawn from the vibrating screen, one of which is connected to the porous medium dryer, and the other is connected to the ash dryer. Compared with the prior art, the present invention solves the problems of air permeability and uneven energy absorption during the degradation of organic waste by adding reusable porous media, and uses a negative ion generator to improve the rate of heat transfer and value transfer of the degradation furnace, and at the same time partially. The waste heat can be reused to improve the utilization rate of heat and improve the production efficiency of the system.

Description

An efficient treatment process device and method for organic waste

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment, and relates to a high-efficiency organic waste treatment process device and method.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization level, the amount of organic solid waste is increasing year by year, and the environmental problems caused by it are becoming more and more prominent. It is imminent to deal with it efficiently and rationally. Among them, the commonly used organic solid waste treatment methods include combustion method, biological method, and anaerobic degradation method. Although the combustion method has the advantages of fast reaction rate, complete decomposition, and high capacity reduction rate, due to the low and unstable heat value of organic solid waste, it leads to The high energy consumption of the system operation limits the popularization and application of this technology. Biodegradation has been unable to be used on a large scale due to its long degradation cycle. The anaerobic degradation method currently has low degradation efficiency due to the problems of material permeability and heat storage, which also hinders the application of this method.

Chinese patent 201610443082.6 provides a method for treating organic waste. The steps of this method are: physical pretreatment, sending the crushed planning organic matter into the gasification furnace for gasification, and the high-temperature gasification combustible gas generated from the gas The cracking furnace is discharged, and the cracking furnace is heated to the gasification temperature; the broken organic matter for cracking is sent to the cracking furnace for thermal cracking reaction to produce oil-gas mixture and solid carbon; the oil-gas mixture reaches the appropriate temperature for catalytic cracking after heat exchange Carry out catalytic cracking; the discharged oil-gas mixture enters the oil-gas fractionation device to obtain fuel oil and other substances. This method has the characteristics of strong adaptability and good treatment effect. However, there are problems such as high heating energy consumption and high equipment maintenance costs.

Chinese patent 201810821585.1 provides another organic waste treatment method, which includes the following steps: crush the organic waste, put the crushed organic matter into the fermenter, put calcium hydroxide solution into the fermenter, and adjust the pH value to 7.6-7.9 , keep the temperature at 48-52°C for 1-2 days, like inoculating fermentation strains in a fermenter, keep the temperature at 48-49°C, and seal the fermentation for 9-11 days. This invention can effectively decompose fermented organic matter and has energy consumption Less, simple process and other advantages, but in the implementation process, each batch of materials takes about 10 days and the large footprint in the process of processing, there is room for further improvement.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency treatment process device and method for organic waste, so as to realize the enhanced treatment of the waste degradation process, improve the degradation efficiency, and reduce energy consumption.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

One of the technical solutions of the present invention provides a high-efficiency organic waste treatment process device, including a pulverizer, a solid mixer, a degradation furnace, a water-powder mixer and a vibrating screen sequentially connected in the direction of organic waste treatment. The mixer is also provided with a porous medium inlet, and the vibrating screen also leads to two material separation and conveying branches, one of which is connected to the porous medium drier, and the other is connected to the ash dregs drier.

Further, the side wall of the degradation furnace is provided with an air connection port, and an anion generator is also provided at the air connection port (by generating negative ions, and then reacting with oxygen to obtain negative oxygen ions).

Further, the furnace wall of the degradation furnace adopts a two-layer metal structure, and between the two metal structures is filled with magnetic materials and insulation materials, the thickness of which can range from 2 to 30 cm, and the inner side of the furnace wall A layer of refractory material is attached, the thickness of which can range from 2mm to 12mm. The outer side of the furnace wall is equipped with a thermal circulation water jacket, which is also connected to the circulation pump and the combustible gas combustion mechanism in sequence, and constitutes a cycle. Here, the combustible gas combustion mechanism can adopt conventional burner equipment in the field. Through the setting of the heat circulating water jacket, it can cooperate with the circulating pump to use the heat of the combustible gas combustion mechanism to keep the degradation furnace warm.

Furthermore, the exhaust gas outlet at the top of the degradation furnace is also sequentially provided with an exhaust gas cleaning mechanism and the combustible gas burning mechanism. Here, the tail gas cleaning mechanism can adopt equipment such as washing towers commonly used in the field for cleaning the smoke and dust in the tail gas, and the cleaning liquid (generally after the solid content is greater than or equal to 20%) after the tail gas cleaning mechanism can return to the Organic waste is mixed and recycled as raw material.

More preferably, the top of the combustible gas combustion mechanism is also provided with a hot tail gas outlet, and the hot tail gas outlet is connected to the porous media dryer and the ash dryer respectively through pipelines. At the same time, the high-temperature gas produced by the combustible gas combustion mechanism through heating or combustion is sent to the porous media dryer and the ash dryer respectively as a heat source and a gas source.

Further, a material conveyor is also provided between the solid mixer and the degradation furnace, a delivery pump is also provided between the water-powder mixer and the vibrating screen, and a conveying pump is provided between the vibrating screen and the porous media drier. A porous medium conveyor is also provided, and a filtering mechanism is also provided between the vibrating screen and the ash dryer.

Further, the ash dryer and the porous media dryer may be fluidized bed dryers or belt dryers.

The second technical solution of the present invention provides a process method for efficient treatment of organic waste, which is based on any of the above-mentioned process devices, and the process method includes the following steps:

(1) Send the organic waste into the pulverizer for crushing treatment, and send the obtained waste particles into the solid mixer together with the dry porous medium, mix them evenly and then send them into the degradation furnace;

(2) After the material is fed into the degradation furnace, air is introduced into the degradation furnace through the negative ion generator and participates in the degradation process. The tail gas generated during the degradation process is discharged from the top for processing, and the slag is discharged into the water-powder mixer for further processing;

(3) After the slag is evenly mixed with clean water in the water-powder mixer, it is sent to the vibrating screen to separate the porous media and the slag. Among them, the porous media with large particles is separated by the vibrating screen and then sent to the porous media dryer. Reuse, while the water-containing slag is filtered, then sent to the ash dryer for drying, and finally discharged.

Further, in step (1), the particle size of the waste particles is 1-15 cm, and the particle size of the porous medium is 0.5-10 cm.

Further, in step (1), the amount of the porous medium added is 5-20% of the waste particles.

Further, in step (3), in the water-powder mixer, the mixing mass ratio of slag to clean water is 2-10:1.

Further, in step (2), the temperature in the degradation furnace during the degradation process is 600-850°C.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention solves the problems of air permeability and uneven energy absorption when organic wastes are degraded by adding reusable porous media, so that the problem of uneven air permeability of organic wastes in the furnace body is improved and at the same time The heat transfer lasts longer, the dispersion is more uniform, and the organic solid waste is decomposed more thoroughly.

(2) The negative ion generator is used in the air intake process of the present invention to change part of the oxygen in the air into negative oxygen ions, improve the heat and mass transfer rate of the degradation furnace, and improve the degradation rate of organic solid waste.

(3) The present invention recovers the heat in the high-temperature tail gas for drying of porous media and slag, and at the same time part of the waste heat is used to keep the furnace body warm, so as to improve the utilization rate of heat and also improve the production efficiency of the system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of processing method of the present invention;

Instructions for marks in the figure:

1- Grinder, 2- Solid mixer, 3- Material conveyor, 4- Degradation furnace, 5- Exhaust gas cleaning mechanism, 6- Combustible gas combustion mechanism, 7- Circulation pump, 8- Water powder mixer, 9- Delivery pump , 10-vibrating screen, 11-porous media conveyor, 12-filter mechanism, 13-porous media drier, 14-ash dregs drier.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

In each of the following embodiments or examples, if there is no specific functional component or structure, it means that it is a conventional component or conventional structure adopted in the art to realize the corresponding function.

In order to strengthen the degradation treatment of organic waste, improve the degradation efficiency, reduce investment, etc., the present invention provides a high-efficiency treatment process device for organic waste, as shown in Figure 1, including pulverizers connected in sequence according to the direction of organic waste treatment 1. Solid mixer 2, degradation furnace 4, water-powder mixer 8 and vibrating screen 10. The solid mixer 2 is also provided with a porous medium inlet, and the vibrating screen 10 also leads to two material separation and conveying branches , one of which is connected to the porous media drier 13, and the other is connected to the ash drier 14.

In some specific embodiments, the side wall of the degradation furnace 4 is provided with an air connection port, and an anion generator is also provided at the air connection port (by generating negative ions, and then reacting with negative ions and oxygen to obtain negative oxygen ion).

In some specific embodiments, the furnace wall of the degradation furnace 4 adopts a two-layer metal structure, and between the two-layer metal structures is also filled with magnetic materials and insulating materials, and its thickness range can be 2 to 30 cm. The inner side of the furnace wall is provided with a layer of refractory material, the thickness of which can range from 2 mm to 12 mm, and the outer side of the furnace wall is equipped with a thermal circulation water jacket, which is also connected to the circulation pump 7 and the The combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 constitutes a cycle. Here, the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 can adopt conventional burner equipment in the field. Through the setting of the heat circulating water jacket, the degradation furnace 4 can be kept warm by using the heat of the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 in cooperation with the circulation pump 7 and the like.

Furthermore, the exhaust gas outlet at the top of the degradation furnace 4 is further connected with the exhaust gas cleaning mechanism 5 and the combustible gas burning mechanism 6 in sequence. Here, the tail gas cleaning mechanism 5 can adopt equipment such as washing towers commonly used in the field for cleaning the flue dust in the tail gas, and the cleaning liquid (generally after the solid content is greater than or equal to 20%) after the tail gas cleaning mechanism 5 washes the tail gas can be used. The return is mixed with organic waste and recycled as raw material.

More preferably, the top of the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 is also provided with a hot tail gas outlet, and the hot tail gas outlet is connected to the porous media dryer 13 and the ash dryer 14 respectively through pipelines. At the same time, the high-temperature gas produced by the combustible gas combustion mechanism after heating or burning is sent into the porous media dryer 13 and the ash dryer 14 respectively as a heat source and a gas source.

In some specific embodiments, a material conveyor 3 is also provided between the solid mixer 2 and the degradation furnace 4, and a delivery pump 9 is also provided between the described water-powder mixer 8 and the vibrating screen 10, so A porous medium conveyer 11 is also provided between the vibrating screen 10 and the porous media drier 13 , and a filtering mechanism 12 is also provided between the vibrating screen 10 and the ash drier 14 .

In some specific embodiments, the ash dryer 14 and the porous media dryer 13 may be fluidized bed dryers or belt dryers.

In addition, the present invention also provides a process method for efficient treatment of organic waste, which is based on any of the above-mentioned process devices, and the process method includes the following steps:

(1) Send the organic waste into the pulverizer 1 for crushing treatment, and send the obtained waste particles into the solid mixer 2 together with the dry porous medium, and send them into the degradation furnace 4 after mixing evenly;

(2) After the inside of the degradation furnace 4 is charged, air is introduced into the interior of the degradation furnace 4 through the negative ion generator and participates in the degradation process. The tail gas produced in the degradation process is discharged from the top for processing, and the slag is discharged into the water-powder mixer 8 to continue processing ;

(3) After the slag is uniformly mixed with clear water in the water-powder mixer 8, it is sent to the vibrating screen 10 to separate the porous media and the slag, wherein the porous media with large particles is separated by the vibrating screen 10 and sent to the porous media drier 13 In the process, reuse after drying, while the water-containing slag is filtered, then sent to the ash dryer 14 for drying treatment, and finally discharged.

In some specific embodiments, in step (1), the particle size of the waste particles is 1-15 cm, and the particle size of the porous medium is 0.5-10 cm.

In some specific embodiments, in step (1), the amount of the porous medium added is 5-20% of the waste particles.

In some specific embodiments, in step (3), in the water-powder mixer 8 , the mixing mass ratio of slag to clean water is 2-10:1.

In some specific embodiments, in step (2), the temperature in the degradation furnace 4 during the degradation process is 600-850°C.

The above implementation manners can be implemented either alone, or in any combination of two or more.

The above implementation manner will be described in more detail below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1:

In order to strengthen the degradation treatment of organic waste, improve the degradation efficiency, reduce investment, etc., this embodiment provides a high-efficiency treatment process device for organic waste, as shown in Figure 1, including crushing units connected sequentially in the direction of organic waste treatment. Machine 1, solid mixer 2, degradation furnace 4, water-powder mixer 8 and vibrating screen 10, the solid mixer 2 is also provided with a porous medium inlet, and the vibrating screen 10 also leads to two material separation and conveying branches Road, one of which is connected to the porous media dryer 13, and the other is connected to the ash dryer 14.

Please refer to shown in Fig. 1 again, the side wall of described degradation furnace 4 is provided with air connection port, and is also provided with negative ion generator at the air connection port place.

The furnace wall of the degradation furnace 4 adopts a two-layer metal structure, and is also filled with rubidium magnet particles and refractory aluminum particles between the two-layer metal structures, and its thickness is about 10cm. The inner side of the furnace wall is attached with a refractory material Layer, the thickness range is about 6mm, the outer side of the furnace wall is equipped with a thermal circulation water jacket, and the thermal circulation water jacket is also connected to the circulation pump 7 and the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 in sequence, and constitutes a cycle. Here, the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 can adopt conventional burner equipment in the field. Through the setting of the heat circulating water jacket, the degradation furnace 4 can be kept warm by using the heat of the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 in cooperation with the circulation pump 7 and the like.

The exhaust gas outlet at the top of the degradation furnace 4 is further connected with an exhaust gas cleaning mechanism 5 and the combustible gas burning mechanism 6 in sequence. Here, the tail gas cleaning mechanism 5 can adopt equipment such as washing towers commonly used in the field for cleaning the flue dust in the tail gas, and the cleaning liquid (generally after the solid content is greater than or equal to 20%) after the tail gas cleaning mechanism 5 washes the tail gas can be used. The return is mixed with organic waste and recycled as raw material.

The top of the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 is also provided with a hot tail gas outlet, and the hot tail gas outlet is connected to the porous media dryer 13 and the ash dryer 14 respectively through pipelines. At the same time, the high-temperature gas produced by the combustible gas combustion mechanism after heating or burning is sent into the porous media dryer 13 and the ash dryer 14 respectively as a heat source and a gas source.

Also be provided with material conveyer 3 between described solid mixer 2 and degradation furnace 4, also be provided with delivery pump 9 between described water-powder mixer 8 and vibrating screen 10, described vibrating screen 10 and porous medium A porous medium conveyor 11 is also provided between the dryers 13 , and a filter mechanism 12 is also provided between the vibrating screen 10 and the ash dryer 14 .

The ash dryer 14 and the porous medium dryer 13 can be fluidized bed dryers or belt dryers, respectively.

The above-mentioned process device is used to treat organic waste. Specifically, the effective volume of the furnace body is 2m ³ , the thickness of the refractory material attached to the furnace wall is 6mm, and the middle of the two layers of the furnace wall is filled with rubidium magnet particles and refractory aluminum particles. The filling thickness range is 10cm. The waste to be treated is domestic organic waste, and the porous medium used in the process is a molecular sieve with a particle size of 5 cm. First, the bottom heat source in the degradation furnace 4 reaches a predetermined temperature range of 800° C., and the negative ion generator is started.

The processing method of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

(1) Send the organic solid waste into the pulverizer 1, pulverize the waste to be treated to about 10 cm, and then put the crushed waste particles into the solid mixer 2 together with the dry molecular sieve, and mix them after about 15 minutes. The uniform material enters the interior of the degradation furnace 4 through the material conveyor 3, and degrades the organic solid waste;

(2) After the material is fed into the degradation furnace 4, air is introduced into the furnace body at a flow rate of 1.5m ³ /h, and enters after passing through the negative ion generator. The inside of the furnace body participates in the degradation process, and the gas generated by the furnace body passes through the tail gas After the cleaning mechanism 5 enters the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 for torch combustion, the waste water from the exhaust gas after cleaning reaches a certain concentration and returns to the organic solid waste for reprocessing. There is a coil jacket outside the combustible gas combustion mechanism 6 for heat exchange. The hot liquid will be connected with the external jacket of the degradation furnace 4 through the circulation pump 7, and the exhaust gas after the torch combustion will enter into the two fluidized bed dryers respectively to provide heat and gas sources for drying, and the slag after the organic solid waste is degraded Enter in the water-powder mixer 8 and carry out mixing operation with water;

(3) The slag in the degradation furnace 4 is discharged into the water-powder mixer 8 and mixed evenly with clear water according to the ratio of (mass ratio) 5:1, and then enters the vibrating screen 10 through the delivery pump 9 to separate the molecular sieve and the slag, and the molecular sieve of large particles After passing through the vibrating screen 10 and passing through the porous medium conveyor 11, it enters into the porous medium drier 13 (using a molecular sieve fluidized bed drier), and then reuses after being dried, and after the water-containing ash passes through the plate and frame filter mechanism 12, The clean water is reused, and the wet slag enters the ash dryer 14 (using ash fluidized bed dryer) for drying treatment and then is discharged out of the system, and the water vapor dried by the dryer is discharged out of the system together with the heating gas. The whole material treatment cycle of a furnace is about 5.5h.

After testing and analyzing the flue gas content and ash components, the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are 82mg/Nm ³ , sulfur oxides 43mg/Nm ³ and PM2.5 25mg/Nm ³ , all of which are lower than the relevant national standards , and the main components of ash are plant ash, calcium oxide and other inorganic substances.

Example 2:

Compared with embodiment 1, most of them are all the same, except some differences are as follows: molecular sieves are not used in the process of the present embodiment, in addition, the slag in the degradation furnace 4 does not enter in the water-powder mixer 8, but directly as dry slag Row.

Although the time for molecular sieve separation and drying is omitted for the whole material treatment cycle of a furnace, the whole treatment cycle is changed from 7h in Example 1 to 22h.

After testing and analyzing the flue gas content and ash components, the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are 81mg/ ^Nm3 , the sulfur oxides are 25mg/ ^Nm3 , and the PM2.5 content is 47mg/ ^Nm3 . Compared with the effect of Example 1 , The tail gas value of embodiment 2 is slightly higher, also contains a small amount of carbon black in the ash.

Example 3:

Compared with Example 1, most of them are the same, except that the anion generator is omitted in the process flow, that is, air is directly introduced into the degradation furnace, in addition, the air intake is also adjusted, and the flow rate is from the 1.5m of Example ¹ /h becomes 0.4m ³ /h.

Finally, the overall duty cycle is changed from 7h in Example 1 to 15h.

Test and analyze the flue gas content and ash components, the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are 391mg/Nm ³ and the sulfur oxides 442mg/Nm ³ , and the PM2.5 content is 334mg/Nm ³ , compared to the effect of Example 1 , the tail gas value of embodiment 3 is much higher, and also contains a certain amount of untreated residue in the ash.

The above descriptions of the embodiments are for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A process device for efficient treatment of organic waste, characterized in that it comprises a pulverizer, a solid mixer, a degradation furnace, a water-powder mixer and a vibrating screen sequentially connected in the direction of organic waste treatment. There is also a porous medium inlet, and two material separation and conveying branches are drawn from the vibrating screen, one of which is connected to the porous medium drier, and the other is connected to the ash dregs drier. 2. A kind of organic waste high-efficiency treatment process device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the side wall of the degradation furnace is provided with an air connection port, and an anion generator is also provided at the air connection port . 3. A process device for efficient treatment of organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, the furnace wall of the degradation furnace adopts a two-layer metal structure, and between the two-layer metal structures is also filled with magnetic materials and insulation materials, the inner side of the furnace wall is attached with a refractory material layer, and the outer side of the furnace wall is provided with a thermal circulation water jacket, and the thermal circulation water jacket is also connected to the circulation pump and the combustible gas combustion mechanism in turn, and form a cycle. 4. A process device for efficient treatment of organic waste according to claim 3, characterized in that the exhaust gas outlet at the top of the degradation furnace is also sequentially connected with an exhaust gas cleaning mechanism and the combustible gas combustion mechanism. 5. A process device for efficient treatment of organic waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, the top of the combustible gas combustion mechanism is also provided with a hot tail gas outlet, and the hot tail gas outlet is also connected to the The porous media drier and ash drier described above. 6. A kind of organic waste high-efficiency treatment process device according to claim 1, characterized in that, a material conveyor is also provided between the described solid mixer and the degradation furnace, and the described water-powder mixer and vibrating screen There is also a conveying pump between them, a porous medium conveyer between the vibrating screen and the porous media drier, and a filtering mechanism between the vibrating screen and the ash drier. 7. A process method for efficient treatment of organic waste, which is based on the process device as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the process method comprises the following steps: (1) Send the organic waste into the pulverizer for crushing treatment, and send the obtained waste particles into the solid mixer together with the dry porous medium, mix them evenly and then send them into the degradation furnace; (2) After the material is fed into the degradation furnace, air is introduced into the degradation furnace through the negative ion generator and participates in the degradation process. The tail gas generated during the degradation process is discharged from the top for processing, and the slag is discharged into the water-powder mixer for further processing; (3) After the slag is evenly mixed with clean water in the water-powder mixer, it is sent to the vibrating screen to separate the porous media and the slag. Among them, the porous media with large particles is separated by the vibrating screen and then sent to the porous media dryer. Reuse, while the water-containing slag is filtered, then sent to the ash dryer for drying, and finally discharged. 8. A process for efficient treatment of organic waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, in step (1), the particle diameter of the waste particles is 1-15 cm, and the particle diameter of the porous medium It is 0.5-10cm. 9. A process for efficient treatment of organic waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, in step (1), the amount of porous media added is 5 to 20% of the waste particles; In step (3), in the water-powder mixer, the mixing mass ratio of slag to clean water is 2-10:1. 10. A process for efficient treatment of organic waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, in step (2), the temperature in the degradation furnace during the degradation process is 600-850°C.

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