CN115234170A - Near-bit axial punch vibrator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a near-bit axial punching vibrator, which relates to a drilling machine tool and comprises an upper joint, an outer cylinder, a punching hammer, an anvil and a spline sleeve, wherein the outer cylinder is connected with the upper joint, the anvil is positioned in the punching hammer, a spring is arranged between the punching hammer and the upper joint, the punching hammer is subjected to the action of liquid impact force and elastic force to reciprocate in the axial direction and intermittently impact the anvil to realize drilling.

Description

Near-bit axial punch vibrator

technical field

The invention relates to drilling equipment, in particular to a near-bit axial punching vibrator.

Background technique

With the development of the drilling industry, the technical requirements for drilling are also getting higher and higher. Percussion rotary drilling technology is widely used due to its advantages of high drilling efficiency, wide application range, and long life of a single bit. In addition, this technology can effectively reduce or even avoid core plugging, "skidding" and hole drilling during drilling. oblique phenomenon. Impactor is the core component of impact rotary drilling, which can be divided into hydraulic impactor and pneumatic impactor according to the type of driving medium. Compared with the pneumatic impactor, the hydraulic impactor is favored by the engineering application field because of its simple principle, wide application range and relatively safe operation.

At present, conventional hydraulic impactors have the following shortcomings: (1) complex structure and large number of parts; (2) small impact energy, low impact frequency, and limited release capacity; (3) the instantaneous WOB can be significantly increased at the moment of impact, but the impact intermittently Bottom of hole drilling pressure low.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an axial punching vibrator near the drill bit, which aims to solve the problems of the complex structure of the existing impact device and the limited ability to release the card.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a near-bit axial punching vibrator, comprising:

The upper joint is provided with a central fluid channel of the upper joint in the axial direction;

The outer cylinder is screwed on the lower end of the upper joint;

The ram is located in the outer cylinder and forms a fluid annular channel with the inner wall of the outer cylinder, the ram is sleeved on the upper joint, and the impact between the ram and the lower end surface of the upper joint The elastic force of the ram along the axial movement of the upper joint, the side of the ram close to the upper joint is also provided with a fluid radial output channel, and the fluid radial output channel communicates with the central fluid channel of the upper joint and the fluid ring an empty channel, the hammer is also provided with a fluid pressure working chamber along the axial direction;

an anvil, comprising an oscillating part and an extension part arranged below the oscillating part, the anvil is arranged in the fluid pressure working chamber, and the anvil can move in the axial direction of the upper joint in the fluid pressure working chamber , the oscillating part includes a jet switching cavity, the jet switching cavity is connected with an oscillating inlet that communicates with the fluid pressure working cavity, and the jet switching cavity is also communicated with an oscillating outlet that communicates with the central fluid channel of the anvil, and the central fluid of the anvil is connected to the oscillating outlet. a channel is provided in the axial direction of the extension;

The spline sleeve is arranged at the bottom end of the outer cylinder, the extension part extends out of the outer cylinder through the spline sleeve, and the spline sleeve limits the length of the anvil extending out of the outer cylinder.

Preferably, the upper joint includes a first diameter reduction section, a second diameter reduction section and a third diameter reduction section, the first diameter reduction section and the third diameter reduction section are respectively disposed at both ends of the second diameter reduction section , the first reducing section is used to connect the drill string, the third reducing section is used to screw the outer cylinder, and the diameter of the third reducing section is smaller than the diameter of the second reducing section to form A first reducing step for the outer cylinder to abut against.

Preferably, a fourth diameter reducing segment is further provided below the third diameter reducing segment, a spring and an adjusting washer are provided on the outer sleeve of the fourth diameter reducing segment, and the adjusting washer is located below the spring, so The ram abuts the adjusting washer and the spring on the second reducing step from bottom to top, and the central fluid channel of the upper joint runs through the first reducing section, the second reducing section and the third reducing section. reducing section and fourth reducing section.

Preferably, the fluid pressure working cavity includes a first cavity for connecting the upper joint and a second cavity for the liquid to exert an impact force, the first cavity is located above the second cavity and the first cavity is The diameter of the body is smaller than the diameter of the second cavity, and the connection between the first cavity and the second cavity forms a ram stepped surface.

Preferably, an upper step surface in the anvil is formed on a side of the extension part close to the oscillating part, and the inner and outer contours of the area of the anvil from below the oscillating outlet to above the upper step surface in the anvil are oblate so as to be compatible with the fluid pressure. The inner wall of the working cavity forms a fluid arcuate cross-section channel, the extension part is further provided with an anvil input channel at the central fluid channel of the anvil, the anvil input channel is arranged in the radial direction of the extension part, the anvil The input channel communicates with the central fluid channel of the anvil and the oscillating outlet, and the outer contour of the anvil below the upper step surface and above the oscillating outlet is circular.

Preferably, the extension part is further provided with a middle and lower step surface of the anvil, the middle and lower step surface of the anvil is located below the upper step surface of the anvil, and the middle and lower step surface of the anvil is used for connecting with the spline. The upper end surface of the sleeve abuts to limit the lowest stroke of the anvil, and the upper stepped surface of the anvil is used for abutting with the lower end surface of the hammer to limit the highest stroke of the anvil.

Preferably, 2-4 of the fluid radial output channels are evenly distributed.

The above-mentioned scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention has simple structure, no valve structure, overall firmness and reliability, long service life, and when the fluid pressure in the fluid pressure working chamber is high, the impactor is in the impact interval, and the anvil can still provide the drill bit under the action of the high-pressure fluid. Instantaneous pressure pulse, the effective force on the drill bit increases for a longer time, which further improves the rock breaking efficiency, and is more conducive to unlocking than the conventional impactor.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure diagram of the near-bit axial punching vibrator of the present invention;

Accompanying drawing 2 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 1;

Accompanying drawing 3 is B-B sectional view in Fig. 1;

Accompanying drawing 4 is C-C sectional view in Fig. 1;

Accompanying drawing 5 is D-D sectional view in Fig. 1;

[Description of reference numerals]

1. Upper joint, 2. Spring, 3. Adjusting washer, 4. Outer cylinder, 5. Hammer, 6. Anvil, 7. Spline sleeve, 8. Oscillating cover.

Ⅰ-Central fluid channel of upper joint; Ⅱ-Fluid radial output channel; Ⅲ-Fluid pressure working chamber; Ⅳ-Oscillation outlet; Ⅴ-Anvil input channel; Ⅵ-Anvil central fluid channel; VII-Fluid annular channel; VIII - Fluid arcuate section channel.

a: The step surface of the hammer; b: The upper step surface of the anvil; d: The lower step surface of the anvil.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1-5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a near-bit axial punching vibrator, comprising an upper joint 1, a spring 2, an adjusting washer 3, an outer cylinder 4, a hammer 5, an anvil 6 and The spline sleeve 7, wherein the upper joint 1 is provided with a central fluid channel I of the upper joint in its axial direction, the central fluid channel runs through the upper joint 1, and the lower end of the upper joint 1 is screwed with the outer cylinder 4. The ram 5 is located in the outer cylinder 4 and forms a fluid annular channel VII with the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 . The ram 5 is sleeved on the upper joint 1 and can move in the axial direction of the upper joint 1 . There is an adjustable elastic force between the ram 5 and the lower end face of the upper joint 1. The elastic force is one of the power sources for the ram 5 to move axially along the upper joint 1. The side of the ram 5 close to the upper joint 1 is also provided with fluid. Radial output channel II, the fluid radial output channel II is perpendicular to the axial direction of the upper joint 1, the fluid radial output channel II is provided with two to four, and the fluid radial output channel II can communicate with the central fluid channel I of the upper joint and the fluid. Annular channel VII. Further, the ram 5 is also provided with a fluid pressure working chamber III along the axial direction. When the ram 5 is at the lowest stroke, the fluid radial output passage II is lower than the lowermost end of the central fluid passage I of the upper joint.

The aforementioned anvil 6 includes an oscillating portion and an extension portion arranged below the oscillating portion, the anvil 6 is arranged in the fluid pressure working chamber III, and the anvil 6 can be in the fluid pressure working chamber III along the axial direction of the upper joint 1 Movement, specifically, the oscillating part includes a jet switching cavity, which is surrounded by an oscillating cover 8 and an oscillating bottom plate, the jet switching cavity is a rectangular body, and the oscillating cover 8 is gate-shaped. The bottom plate is respectively provided with an oscillating outlet IV, and the top of the oscillating cover plate 8 is provided with an oscillating inlet, the jet switching cavity is connected to the oscillating inlet, the oscillating inlet is communicated with the fluid pressure working chamber III, and the extension part is also provided with a central fluid channel of the anvil. VI, the central fluid channel VI of the anvil is arranged along the axial direction of the extension portion, and the central fluid channel VI of the anvil is communicated with the oscillating outlet IV.

The aforementioned spline sleeve 7 is arranged at the bottom of the outer cylinder 4 , and the extension extends out of the outer cylinder 4 through the spline sleeve 7 , and the spline sleeve 7 limits the length of the anvil 6 extending out of the outer cylinder 4 . In the present application, the bottom of the extension part can be made into a drill bit, and a mounting part for connecting the drill bit can also be provided.

Specifically, the aforementioned upper joint 1 includes a first reducing section, a second reducing section, a third reducing section and a fourth reducing section from top to bottom, and the first reducing section is used to connect the drill string, Rotational power is provided for this application. The third section is used to connect the outer cylinder 4, the diameter of the third reducing section is smaller than the diameter of the second reducing section and a first reducing step is formed at the connection, the first reducing step is used to limit the outer cylinder 4, Make sure that the outer cylinder 4 is installed on the upper joint 1 in place. The central fluid channel I of the upper joint runs through the first reducing section, the second reducing section, the third reducing section and the fourth reducing section.

The fourth reducing section is arranged below the third reducing section, the diameter of the fourth reducing section is smaller than that of the third reducing section, and the third reducing section and the fourth reducing section form a second reducing step. The reducing section is sleeved with a spring 2 and an adjusting washer 3, the adjusting washer 3 is located below the spring 2, and the ram 5 abuts the adjusting washer 3 and the spring 2 on the second reducing step from bottom to top , the spring 2 produces an adjustable elastic force. The fourth diameter reducing section is in clearance fit with the ram 5, and the ram 5 moves under the action of the elastic force and the impact force of the fluid. The adjusting spacer 3 has the function of adjusting the clearance, transmitting the impact force and optimizing the distribution.

Further, the fluid pressure working chamber III includes a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is located above the second cavity and communicates with the second cavity, and the first cavity is used to connect the fourth cavity of the upper joint 1. In the variable diameter section, the second cavity is used for liquid to exert impact force, and the first cavity and the second cavity form a step surface a of the hammer at the connection. Preferably, the diameter of the first cavity is smaller than the diameter of the second cavity.

The communication between the fluid passage VI and the fluid pressure working chamber III in the center of the anvil mentioned above is carried out in the following manner. The side of the extension part close to the oscillating part is formed with an upper step surface b in the anvil, and the outer contour of the anvil 6 in the region below the oscillation outlet IV and above the upper step surface b in the anvil is oblate, and the oblate shape is oblate. The area and the inner wall of the fluid pressure working chamber III form a fluid arcuate section channel VIII, the extension part is provided with an anvil input channel V at the center fluid channel VI of the anvil, and the anvil input channel V is arranged in the radial direction of the extension part, The anvil input channel V is connected to the central fluid channel VI of the anvil and the oscillating outlet IV. The outer contour of the anvil below the upper step surface b and above the oscillating outlet IV is circular.

The lower step surface d in the anvil is also provided below the upper step surface b in the aforementioned anvil. The upper step surface b of the aforementioned anvil is in contact with the lower end surface of the hammer 5 , which can limit the highest stroke of the anvil 6 . The travel distance of the anvil 6 can be limited by the lower step surface d in the anvil and the upper step surface b in the anvil.

The drilling fluid enters the application through the central fluid channel I of the upper joint. Due to the existence of the oscillating part, the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III will produce continuous regular pressure fluctuations. The impact force of the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III is compared When it is large, it acts on the step surface a of the ram, and the impact force generated by the drilling fluid forces the ram 5 to compress the spring 2 to slide upward. At this time, the drilling fluid at the spring 2 flows through the fluid annular channel VII and the fluid arcuate section channel VIII in turn. , Anvil input channel Ⅴ, central fluid channel Ⅵ of the anvil and drill bit to discharge. At the same time, the drilling fluid acting on the upper end of the anvil 6 gives an impact force pulse to the anvil 6, and the impact force energy is transmitted to the drill bit through the anvil 6. Then, the impact force of the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III becomes smaller. The drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III is discharged through the jet switching chamber, the oscillating outlet IV, the fluid arcuate section channel VIII, the anvil input channel V, and the anvil center fluid channel VI in sequence. The elastic force of the spring 2 is greater than that acting on the hammer step The impact force of the drilling fluid on the surface a forces the hammer 5 to descend rapidly, impacting the anvil 6, and the impact energy is transmitted to the drill bit through the anvil 6. Then, the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III changes to a state of relatively high pressure, and the second cycle is carried out.

It should be emphasized that the pressure change produced by the drilling fluid pointed out in this application is produced by the self-excited oscillation of the oscillating part, such as a regular change in the form of sine or cosine, and the impact force here is large or small. The spring force produced by spring 2 is used as a comparison.

In addition to realizing the function of the aforementioned impact drill, the present application also has the function of anti-cavitation. Specifically, when the application is suspended in the air, the hammer 5 and the anvil 6 slide down under the action of their own weight, and the lower step surface d in the anvil is restricted by the spline sleeve 7, resulting in the setting on the anvil 6 and the anvil 6. The drill bit hangs in the air without falling. Because the ram 5 slides down a certain distance, the central fluid channel I of the upper joint and the fluid radial output channel II are connected. At this time, the drilling fluid entering the upper joint 1 will sequentially pass through the central fluid channel I and the radial fluid output channel of the upper joint. Ⅱ. The fluid annular channel VII, the fluid arcuate section channel VIII, the anvil input channel V, the anvil center fluid channel VI and the drill bit are discharged without driving the hammer 5 to work, forming a runaway strike, which has a certain protective effect on the application .

The present invention has a simple structure and no valve structure, can be manufactured by all-metal processing, and can also be processed by using additive manufacturing methods such as 3D printing to process key structural parts, and is generally firm and reliable, and has a long service life. When the fluid pressure in the fluid pressure working chamber III of the present invention is relatively large, the impactor is in the impact interval. At this time, the anvil 6 can still provide instantaneous pressure pulses for the drill bit under the action of the high-pressure fluid. It improves the rock crushing efficiency and is more conducive to unlocking than the conventional impactor.

The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. Nearly drill bit axial punching press vibrator, its characterized in that includes:

the upper joint (1) is provided with an upper joint central fluid channel (I) in the axial direction;

the outer cylinder (4) is screwed at the lower end of the upper joint (1);

the impact hammer (5) is positioned in the outer cylinder (4) and forms a fluid annular channel (VII) with the inner wall of the outer cylinder (4), the impact hammer (5) is sleeved on the upper joint (1), and an elastic force enabling the impact hammer (5) to move along the axial direction of the upper joint (1) is generated between the impact hammer (5) and the lower end surface of the upper joint (1), a fluid radial output channel (II) is further arranged on one side, close to the upper joint (1), of the impact hammer (5), the fluid radial output channel (II) is communicated with the upper joint central fluid channel (I) and the fluid annular channel (VII), and a fluid pressure working cavity (III) is further arranged on the impact hammer (5) along the axial direction;

the anvil (6) comprises an oscillating part and an extending part arranged below the oscillating part, the anvil (6) is arranged in the fluid pressure working cavity (III), the anvil (6) can move in the fluid pressure working cavity (III) along the axial direction of the upper connector (1), the oscillating part comprises a jet flow switching cavity, the jet flow switching cavity is communicated with an oscillating inlet communicated with the fluid pressure working cavity (III), the jet flow switching cavity is also communicated with an oscillating outlet (IV) communicated with a central fluid channel (VI) of the anvil, and the central fluid channel (VI) of the anvil is arranged in the axial direction of the extending part;

the spline sleeve (7) is arranged at the bottom end of the outer cylinder (4), the extending part penetrates through the spline sleeve (7) and extends out of the outer cylinder (4), and the spline sleeve (7) limits the length of the anvil (6) extending out of the outer cylinder (4).

2. The near-bit axial ram vibrator of claim 1, wherein: the upper joint (1) comprises a first reducing section, a second reducing section and a third reducing section, wherein the first reducing section and the third reducing section are respectively arranged at two ends of the second reducing section, the first reducing section is used for being connected with a drill string, the third reducing section is in threaded connection with the outer cylinder (4), and the diameter of the third reducing section is smaller than that of the second reducing section so as to form a first reducing step for abutting against the outer cylinder (4).

3. The near-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the below of third reducing section still is provided with the fourth reducing section, fourth reducing section overcoat is equipped with spring (2) and adjusting shim (3), adjusting shim (3) are located the below of spring (2), impact hammer (5) from bottom to top with adjusting shim (3) and spring (2) butt on the second reducing step, top connection central fluid passage (I) runs through first reducing section, second reducing section, third reducing section and fourth reducing section.

4. The near-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fluid pressure working cavity (III) comprises a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is used for connecting the upper connector (1) and the second cavity is used for applying impact force to liquid, the first cavity is located above the second cavity, the diameter of the first cavity is smaller than that of the second cavity, and a hammer step surface (a) is formed at the joint of the first cavity and the second cavity.

5. The near-bit axial ram vibrator of claim 1, wherein: the extension part is provided with an anvil middle-upper step surface (b) on one side close to the oscillating part, the outer contour of the anvil (6) in the area from below an oscillation outlet (IV) to above the anvil middle-upper step surface (b) is oblate so as to form a fluid arched section channel (VIII) with the inner wall of a fluid pressure working cavity (III), the extension part is further provided with an anvil input channel (V) at the anvil center fluid channel (VI), the anvil input channel (V) is arranged in the radial direction of the extension part and is communicated with the anvil center fluid channel (VI) and the oscillation outlet (IV), and the outer contour of the cross section below the anvil middle-upper step surface (b) and above the oscillation outlet (IV) is circular.

6. The near-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 5, wherein: the extension part is further provided with an anvil middle and lower step surface (d), the anvil middle and lower step surface (d) is located below an anvil middle and upper step surface (b), the anvil middle and lower step surface (d) is used for being abutted with the upper end face of the spline sleeve (7) to limit the lowest stroke of the anvil (6), and the anvil middle and upper step surface (b) is used for being abutted with the lower end face of the hammer punch (5) to limit the highest stroke of the anvil (6).

7. The near-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2-4 radial fluid output channels (II) are uniformly distributed.

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