CN115225031B - Solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupled thermal management device and method - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupled thermal management device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115225031B CN115225031B CN202210802219.8A CN202210802219A CN115225031B CN 115225031 B CN115225031 B CN 115225031B CN 202210802219 A CN202210802219 A CN 202210802219A CN 115225031 B CN115225031 B CN 115225031B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
- H02S40/12—Means for removing snow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能光伏‑超级电容器耦合热管理装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括背板通道，以及包含有相变材料的壳体结构；其中，所述背板通道，用于将太阳能光伏板工作过程中的热量经由背板通道中流动的工质向所述包含有相变材料的壳体结构传递以使得所述壳体结构进行热量的储存，并用于基于工质的热量传递，使得太阳能光伏板温度得以降低；储热后的所述壳体结构，用于将其内包裹的超级电容器维持在恒温条件下。
The present invention discloses a solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupled thermal management device, characterized in that the device comprises a backplane channel and a shell structure containing a phase change material; wherein the backplane channel is used to transfer the heat generated during the operation of the solar photovoltaic panel via the working fluid flowing in the backplane channel to the shell structure containing the phase change material so that the shell structure stores the heat, and is used for heat transfer based on the working fluid to reduce the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel; the shell structure after heat storage is used to maintain the supercapacitor wrapped therein under constant temperature conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy power generation and energy storage, and particularly relates to a solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device and method.
Background
As the problems of fossil energy crisis and environmental pollution are increasing, efficient development and utilization of renewable energy is becoming a global hotspot. The efficient use and popularization of solar energy is one of the effective methods for relieving the shortage of energy and solving the environmental problem, and the solar photovoltaic power generation technology has been rapidly developed in recent years. The solar cell panel is mainly made of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, a thin film battery and the like, wherein the consumption of the monocrystalline silicon and the polycrystalline silicon battery is the largest. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar photovoltaic cell is significantly affected by its temperature. Under certain sunlight intensity, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell can be increased to cause the reduction of the generated energy. Studies have shown that the photoelectric conversion efficiency decreases by about 0.4% for every 1 ℃ increase in the temperature of the photovoltaic cell assembly. In engineering applications, the rated photoelectric conversion efficiency of a silicon cell is about 18% at 1 times the standard solar light intensity. Therefore, more than 82% of the radiant energy received by the solar photovoltaic panel is converted into low-grade heat energy, which causes the temperature of the photovoltaic cell to rise and further reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. In view of this, efficient thermal management of solar photovoltaic in summer high temperature period is a key to guarantee its photoelectric conversion efficiency and power generation. In addition, the solar photovoltaic waste heat is effectively transferred, stored and utilized, and is an important way for improving the solar comprehensive energy utilization efficiency. And in winter, the temperature suddenly drops, and the solar photovoltaic panel surface can frost, ice or snow, so that the effective solar radiation intensity received by the photovoltaic panel is too low, and the generated energy of the photovoltaic is limited.
The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in the country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device and a method, and the aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device is characterized in that;
The device comprises a back plate channel and a shell structure containing phase change materials;
Wherein, the
The back plate channel is used for transferring heat in the working process of the solar photovoltaic panel to the shell structure containing the phase change material through the working medium flowing in the back plate channel so as to store the heat of the shell structure, and is used for transferring heat based on the working medium so as to reduce the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel;
The shell structure after heat storage is used for maintaining the super capacitor wrapped in the shell structure under the constant temperature condition.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
The device also comprises a liquid storage tank which stores closed-loop working medium.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
When the solar photovoltaic panel stops working, the temperature of the closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank is wholly reduced to be lower than the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material releases the stored latent heat, and the ambient temperature of the liquid storage tank is kept constant.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
The back plate channel is arranged on the back surface of the solar photovoltaic panel and comprises a first inlet of a working medium flow passage for leading in working medium and a first outlet of the working medium flow passage for leading out working medium.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
The device also comprises an anti-gravity oscillation heat pipe which is arranged on the back surface of the solar photovoltaic panel and is adjacent to the back plate channel to conduct heat.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
A supercapacitor for storing electrical energy.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
The liquid storage tank comprises;
A second inlet communicated with the working fluid channel outlet for introducing closed-loop working fluid from the back plate channel;
and the second outlet is communicated with the working medium runner inlet to guide out closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
The device also comprises a plurality of slots which are arranged in the liquid storage tank.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
The device also comprises metal ribs which are inserted into the slots and heat-exchange the working medium in the liquid storage tank.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
The shell structure containing the phase change material is provided with an insulating cover plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The invention utilizes the solar photovoltaic water cooling technology, not only can realize the effective cooling of the photovoltaic cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, but also can transfer and utilize the low-grade waste heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation efficiently, so as to maintain the super capacitor at the optimal working temperature of 40 ℃ and effectively improve the charging efficiency of the super capacitor, and simultaneously, the extra waste heat generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation is stored in the phase change material in the form of latent heat so as to adjust the operating temperature of the system at night.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is evident that the figures described below are only some embodiments of the invention, from which other figures can be obtained without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a housing structure containing phase change material of a solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the solar panel and back-plane flow channels of a solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 (b) and 3 (c) are schematic perspective structural views of a solar photovoltaic panel and a back plate runner of a solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupled thermal management device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a metal fin and water storage tank structure of a solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device according to an embodiment of the invention.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 4. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. Those of skill in the art will understand that a person may refer to the same component by different names. The description and claims do not identify differences in terms of components, but rather differences in terms of the functionality of the components. As used throughout the specification and claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description hereinafter sets forth a preferred embodiment for practicing the invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as the description proceeds with reference to the general principles of the description. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, reference will now be made to the drawings, by way of example, and specific examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In one embodiment, the invention discloses a solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device, characterized in that,
The device comprises a back plate channel and a shell structure containing phase change materials;
Wherein, the
The back plate channel is used for transferring heat in the working process of the solar photovoltaic panel to the shell structure containing the phase change material through the working medium flowing in the back plate channel so as to store the heat of the shell structure, and is used for transferring heat based on the working medium so as to reduce the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel;
The shell structure after heat storage is used for maintaining the super capacitor wrapped in the shell structure under the constant temperature condition.
In one embodiment,
The device also comprises a liquid storage tank which stores closed-loop working medium.
In one embodiment,
When the solar photovoltaic panel stops working, the temperature of the closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank is wholly reduced to be lower than the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material releases the stored latent heat, and the ambient temperature of the liquid storage tank is kept constant.
In one embodiment,
The back plate channel is arranged on the back surface of the solar photovoltaic panel and comprises a first inlet of a working medium flow passage for leading in working medium and a first outlet of the working medium flow passage for leading out working medium.
In one embodiment,
The device also comprises an anti-gravity oscillation heat pipe which is arranged on the back surface of the solar photovoltaic panel and is adjacent to the back plate channel to conduct heat.
In one embodiment,
A supercapacitor for storing electrical energy.
In one embodiment,
The liquid storage tank comprises a liquid storage tank body,
A second inlet communicated with the working medium flow passage outlet for introducing closed-loop working medium from the back plate passage,
And the second outlet is communicated with the working medium runner inlet to guide out closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank.
In one embodiment,
The device also comprises a plurality of slots which are arranged in the liquid storage tank.
In one embodiment,
The device also comprises metal ribs which are inserted into the slots and heat-exchange the working medium in the liquid storage tank.
In one embodiment,
The shell structure containing the phase change material is provided with an insulating cover plate.
In one embodiment,
A solar photovoltaic panel that converts light energy into electrical energy;
The back plate channel is arranged on the back surface of the solar photovoltaic panel and comprises a working medium flow passage first inlet for leading in a closed-loop working medium and a working medium flow passage first outlet for leading out the closed-loop working medium;
the anti-gravity oscillation heat pipe is arranged on the back surface of the solar photovoltaic panel and is adjacent to the back plate channel to conduct heat;
a liquid storage tank which stores closed-loop working media, wherein the liquid storage tank comprises,
A second inlet communicated with the working medium flow passage outlet for introducing closed-loop working medium from the back plate passage,
A second outlet communicated with the working medium flow passage inlet to guide out the closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank,
The slots are arranged on the liquid storage tank;
one end of the first connecting pipeline is connected with the second outlet, and the other end of the first connecting pipeline is connected with the working medium flow passage inlet;
the liquid storage tank forms a closed loop circulation channel through the first connecting pipeline, the second connecting pipeline and the liquid storage tank;
a metal fin detachably connected with the slot to insert a closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank for heat exchange;
The shell structure comprises a phase change material, and is coated by the metal ribs, wherein when the temperature of the working medium of the liquid storage tank is higher than the melting point of the shell structure comprising the phase change material, the shell structure comprising the phase change material stores heat transferred by the working medium in latent heat of the shell structure and maintains a constant temperature environment;
The super capacitor is used for storing electric energy and is arranged in the shell structure containing the phase change material.
For the more specific embodiment, when the solar photovoltaic panel works, electricity is generated based on the photoelectric effect, and waste heat is generated to cause the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel to rise, under the drive of the flow pump, the heat is transferred to the shell structure containing the phase change material through the closed-loop working medium through the back plate channel, the second connecting pipeline, the liquid storage tank and the metal ribs, the shell structure containing the phase change material stores the heat, the super capacitor wrapped in the shell structure is maintained under the constant temperature condition, and the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel is reduced based on the heat transfer of the closed-loop working medium;
when the ambient temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the photo-thermal module heats the closed-loop working medium flowing in by the flow dividing valve,
When the solar photovoltaic panel stops working, the temperature of the closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank is wholly reduced to be lower than the melting point of the phase-change material, the phase-change material releases the stored latent heat, and the ambient temperature of the liquid storage tank is kept constant.
In one embodiment,
The first connecting channel is provided with a flow dividing valve, one end of the third connecting channel is connected with the flow dividing valve, the other end of the third connecting channel is connected with the working medium flow channel inlet, and the photo-thermal module for converting the optical energy into the thermal energy is arranged in the third connecting channel to heat the closed-loop working medium in the third connecting channel.
In one embodiment,
The flow pump is arranged in the first connecting channel to pump closed-loop working medium.
In one embodiment,
The shell structure containing the phase change material is provided with an insulating cover plate.
In one embodiment,
The backboard channel material comprises aluminum plates, and silicon rubber, insulating heat-conducting glue or heat-conducting silicone grease connected with the solar photovoltaic panel.
In one embodiment,
The metal rib comprises a straight rib or a pin rib.
In one embodiment,
The super capacitor is an electric double layer capacitor.
In one embodiment,
The phase transition temperature of the shell structure containing the phase transition material is 40 ℃ so as to maintain the charge and discharge of the supercapacitor in a 40 ℃ constant temperature environment.
In one embodiment,
The photo-thermal module comprises a trough type solar heat collector or a plate type solar heat collector.
For better understanding, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in a solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device,
A solar photovoltaic panel 2 which generates electricity by a photoelectric effect while generating low-grade waste heat,
The back plate channel 1 is a channel through which a closed-loop working medium flows, is closely attached to the back plate of the photovoltaic panel 2, and a region 9 in which the working medium in the back plate channel 1 is in direct contact with the photovoltaic back plate for heat exchange is shown in fig. 3 (a) to 3 (c).
The closed-loop working medium is fluid for transferring heat in closed-loop circulation, has less impurities, low viscosity, difficult solidification and larger heat capacity, is heated by forced convection to defrost, ice and snow for the photovoltaic panel 2 in winter through the photo-thermal module 16 in summer by the forced convection to move the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel 2, is supplemented by the working medium filling port 15,
The antigravity oscillation heat pipe 10 has high equivalent heat conductivity coefficient, is a heat conduction device between the back plate channels 1, performs auxiliary conduction on the waste heat of the photovoltaic plate 2, plays a certain role in fixing and supporting the back plate of the photovoltaic plate 2,
A working medium flow passage outlet 4 which is a connecting device between the outlet of the backboard channel 1 of the photovoltaic panel and the inlet 13 of the liquid storage tank 7,
The working medium flow channel inlet 3 is a connecting device between the outlet 14 of the liquid storage tank 7, the flow pump 5 and the photovoltaic panel back plate channel 1,
The photo-thermal module 16 is a device for heating the heat exchange working medium in winter to enable the heat exchange working medium to flow and defrost and melt snow in the backboard channel 1 of the photovoltaic panel 2,
A flow dividing valve 17 which is a flow dividing device in the working medium flow passage inlet 3 for selecting whether to directly charge the cooling working medium into the back plate passage 1 in summer or charge the working medium into the photo-thermal module flow passage 18 in winter for heating,
A photo-thermal module flow passage 18, which is a flow passage through which working medium flows when being heated in the photo-thermal module 16, is connected to the back plate channel 1 to perform deicing, defrosting and snow melting on the photovoltaic panel 2,
A liquid storage tank 7 which is embedded with the metal ribs 11 and is connected with the working medium flow passage for storing working medium,
A flow pump 5 which is a device for driving the working medium to flow in the flow channel,
A metal fin 11 inserted into the liquid storage tank 7 and covered outside the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material for enhancing the heat transfer of the working medium to the super capacitor 8,
The shell structure 6 containing the phase change material is coated outside the super capacitor 8, when the temperature of the working medium of the liquid storage tank 7 is higher than the melting point of the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material, the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material stores heat transferred by the working medium in latent heat of the working medium and maintains a constant temperature environment of 40 ℃ so as to improve the charge and discharge efficiency of the super capacitor 8, and when the temperature of the working medium of the liquid storage tank 7 is reduced below the melting point of the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material, the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material releases the latent heat again so as to keep the optimal working temperature of the super capacitor 8 at a constant 40 ℃.
The super capacitor 8 is located in the thermal insulation layer of the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material in the outer shell of the metal rib 11 and is used as a device for storing electric energy.
An insulating cover plate 12 is positioned on the insulating shell of the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material, facilitating the replacement of the super capacitor 8 therein.
When solar photovoltaic stops working at night, the super capacitor can be used as a standby power supply, so that the bottleneck problem of intermittent solar photovoltaic power supply is solved. The super capacitor has high charge and discharge power density, wide use temperature range, environmental protection and long cycle life, and is an important new energy power generation energy storage device. Since the viscosity of the electrolyte is determined by temperature, the operating environment temperature can affect the rate capability, power density and energy density of the supercapacitor. When the ambient temperature is 40-60 ℃, the soft package super capacitor taking the active carbon as the positive and negative electrode active materials has higher electrochemical performance, wherein the soft package super capacitor has relatively optimal electrochemical performance at 40 ℃, and is beneficial to improving the charge and discharge efficiency of the super capacitor. In addition, the phase change material has the characteristics of constant energy density and phase change process temperature, can efficiently store low-grade waste heat, and can effectively regulate and control the environmental temperature. Therefore, based on the latent heat energy storage of the phase change material and a temperature control mechanism thereof, the super capacitor is maintained at the optimal working temperature of 40 ℃, and the method has important significance for improving the charge and discharge efficiency of the super capacitor and is also an important means for realizing stable energy supply of the solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling system.
In the invention, when the photovoltaic panel 2 works in summer, the photovoltaic waste heat is transferred to the flowing working medium in the backboard channel 1 by means of convection heat exchange, the working medium is driven by the flowing pump 5 to circularly flow in the closed-loop channel 1, and meanwhile, the heat transfer is assisted by the anti-gravity oscillating heat pipe 10, so that the high-efficiency cooling of the photovoltaic panel 2 is realized, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is improved. Working medium heated by photovoltaic waste heat enters the liquid storage tank 7 through an inlet flow passage of the liquid storage tank 7, heat of the liquid storage tank 7 is transferred to the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material through the metal ribs 11 wrapped on the outer side of the phase change heat storage material, the metal ribs 11 inserted into the liquid storage tank 7 play a role in enhancing heat transfer, and the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material stores heat in latent heat of the shell structure in a melting process, and meanwhile a constant temperature environment of 40 ℃ is effectively maintained, so that the charging efficiency of the super capacitor 8 is improved. When the photovoltaic panel 2 stops working at night, electric energy cannot be transmitted outwards, and the supercapacitor 8 is used as a standby power supply to supply power outwards. At this time, the flow pump 5 stops working, the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material releases latent heat, and the temperature of the working medium in the liquid storage tank 7 is maintained to be constant at 40 ℃, so that the discharge efficiency of the super capacitor 8 is improved. The photovoltaic panel 2 power generation and the super capacitor 8 power storage are combined, so that the stability of energy supply of the system can be effectively improved. When the air temperature suddenly drops in winter, frost and ice or snow can form on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 2, so that the effective solar illumination intensity received by the photovoltaic panel 2 is greatly reduced. At this time, the photo-thermal module 16 starts to work, heats the working medium flowing in by the flow dividing valve 17, and realizes defrosting and snow melting based on the convection heat exchange of the working medium in the backboard channel 1, so that the effective illumination intensity received by the photovoltaic panel 2 is improved, and the photovoltaic power generation capacity is enhanced. Meanwhile, the super capacitor 8 is heated based on working media, so that the charging efficiency of the super capacitor can be improved. The photovoltaic panel 2 and the photo-thermal module 16 stop working at night, the super capacitor 8 becomes a standby power supply, the working medium flow pump 5 stops working, the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material releases latent heat, the liquid storage tank 7 is maintained at the constant temperature of 40 ℃, and the discharge efficiency of the super capacitor 8 is ensured. Based on the fact that the electricity generated by solar photovoltaic high-efficiency heat management is far higher than the pump work consumed by the flowing of working media in the backboard channel 1, the photovoltaic panel 2 can be used for supplying energy to the flowing pump 5, the electricity which is not consumed by other external loads can be stored in the super capacitor 8, and finally high-efficiency stable energy output of the solar photovoltaic 2-super capacitor 8 coupling system in different seasons is achieved.
The solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device is characterized in that the application type of the photovoltaic panel 2 comprises, but is not limited to, a new energy automobile charging pile ceiling, small-scale self-power supply, ordinary user roof photovoltaic, agricultural light complementary photovoltaic and the like.
The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device, wherein the back plate channel 1 material includes, but is not limited to, aluminum plate, foamed aluminum and other materials with high heat conductivity and light weight, and silicone rubber, insulating heat-conducting glue, heat-conducting silicone grease and other materials can be used when the back plate channel is connected with the back plate of the photovoltaic plate 2 so as to reduce contact thermal resistance.
The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device, wherein the metal rib 11 has a structure including, but not limited to, a straight rib, a pin rib, etc. for enhancing the heat transfer process between the liquid storage tank 7 and the housing structure 6 containing the phase change material.
The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device, see fig. 3 (a) to 3 (c), in one embodiment,
The flow channel may include a plurality of straight line segments parallel to each other in a range of the back surface of the photovoltaic panel;
Beyond the back of the photovoltaic panel, the flow channel further comprises an arc-shaped connecting section for connecting adjacent two of the straight sections.
The solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device is characterized in that the super capacitor 8 comprises an electric double layer capacitor, and has the advantages of high charge and discharge speed, wide use temperature range, environmental protection and no maintenance. The physical and chemical properties of the soft package super capacitor, such as the viscosity of electrolyte, are affected by the ambient temperature, so that the rate performance, the energy density and the like of the device are affected. When the ambient temperature is 40-60 ℃, the soft package super capacitor taking the active carbon as the positive and negative electrode active materials has higher electrochemical performance, wherein the soft package super capacitor has relatively optimal electrochemical performance at 40 ℃.
The solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device, wherein the shell structure 6 containing the phase change material has a phase change temperature of 40 ℃ and is used for maintaining the super capacitor to be charged and discharged efficiently in a 40 ℃ constant temperature environment.
The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device, wherein the antigravity oscillating heat pipe 10 has higher heat transfer capability than a pure copper heat conductor, especially under high heat load, can assist in conducting heat generated by the photovoltaic panel 2 to the back plate cooling channel from top to bottom in antigravity, and plays a certain role in fixing and supporting the back plate cooling channel. It should be noted that the geometric pillars shown in fig. 3 (a) to 3 (c) have dual functions of supporting the back plate channel and assisting in heat conduction, and may use (but not limited to) a heat conductive copper pillar or an anti-gravity oscillating heat pipe to function.
The solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device is characterized in that the closed-loop working medium comprises but is not limited to heat exchange working medium with lower solidifying point such as reverse osmosis purified water, antifreeze solution and the like, has the characteristics of low viscosity, high heat conductivity coefficient and extremely low impurity content, is not easy to cause channel blockage, and has lower pressure drop, less consumed pumping power and more electric energy saving during flowing circulation.
The solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device comprises a photo-thermal module, wherein the photo-thermal module comprises, but is not limited to, a groove type solar heat collector, a plate type solar heat collector and the like, and is used for collecting solar photo-heat in winter so as to heat a closed-loop working medium.
When the photovoltaic panel works in summer, the photovoltaic waste heat is transferred to the flowing working medium in the closed loop channel of the backboard by means of convection heat exchange, the working medium is driven by a pump to circularly flow in the closed loop channel, and meanwhile, the heat transfer is assisted by the antigravity heat pipe, so that the high-efficiency cooling of the photovoltaic panel is realized, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is improved. Working medium heated by photovoltaic waste heat enters the liquid storage tank through an inlet flow passage of the liquid storage tank, heat of the liquid storage tank is transferred to the phase change material through the metal ribs wrapped on the outer side of the phase change heat storage material, the metal ribs inserted into the liquid storage tank play a role in enhancing heat transfer, and the phase change material stores the heat in latent heat of the phase change material in a melting process, and meanwhile, a constant temperature environment at 40 ℃ is effectively maintained, so that the charging efficiency of the super capacitor is improved. When the photovoltaic panel stops working at night, electric energy cannot be transmitted outwards, and the supercapacitor is used as a standby power supply to supply power outwards. At this time, the flow pump stops working, and the phase change material releases latent heat, maintains the working medium temperature in the liquid storage tank constantly at 40 ℃ to improve supercapacitor's discharge efficiency. The solar photovoltaic power generation and the super capacitor power storage are combined, so that the stability of energy supply of the system can be effectively improved. When the air temperature suddenly drops in winter, the surface of the photovoltaic panel can be frosted, frozen or accumulated snow, so that the effective solar illumination intensity received by the photovoltaic panel is greatly reduced. At the moment, the photo-thermal module starts to work, the working medium flowing in by the flow dividing valve is heated, defrosting and snow melting are achieved based on convection heat exchange of the working medium in the photovoltaic backboard channel, the effective illumination intensity of the photovoltaic board is improved, and the photovoltaic power generation capacity is enhanced. Meanwhile, the super capacitor is heated based on working media, so that the charging efficiency of the super capacitor can be improved. The photovoltaic and photo-thermal modules stop working at night, the super capacitor becomes a standby power supply, the working medium flow pump stops working, the phase change material releases latent heat, the liquid storage tank is maintained at the constant temperature of 40 ℃, and the discharge efficiency of the super capacitor is ensured. Based on the fact that the electricity generated by solar photovoltaic high-efficiency heat management is far higher than pump work consumed by working medium flowing in a back plate channel, the photovoltaic panel can be used for supplying energy to a flowing pump, the electricity which is not consumed by other external loads can be stored in the super capacitor, and finally efficient and stable energy output of the solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling system in different seasons is achieved.
Table 1 below describes the operating conditions of the photovoltaic panel in summer without water cooling channels and countergravity oscillating heat pipes, the operating conditions of the photovoltaic panel in the case of countergravity oscillating heat pipes alone, and the operating conditions of the photovoltaic panel in the case of both water cooling channels and countergravity oscillating heat pipes. (simulation using commercial software ANSYS2021R2 FLUENT, inlet water temperature at 27 ℃, plate size 6m x 6 m)
TABLE 1 photovoltaic Panel operation at 35℃ambient temperature (solar irradiation intensity 1000W)
TABLE 2 photovoltaic Panel operation at 40℃ambient temperature (solar irradiation intensity 1000W)
The method of use comprises the steps of,
When the solar photovoltaic panel works, electricity is generated based on the photoelectric effect, and a large amount of waste heat is generated, so that the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel is increased, and the higher the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel is, the lower the generated energy generated by the photoelectric effect is (the power generation efficiency is reduced by about 0.4 percent when the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel is increased by 1 ℃). In addition, in winter, due to the fact that the day-night temperature difference in northwest regions is large, light Fu Banmian Yi Jieshuang is frozen, snowfall weather is often caused, and the frost, ice or snow can cover the photovoltaic panel, so that the effective solar irradiation intensity received by the photovoltaic panel is greatly reduced, and the solar photovoltaic panel is one of factors which lead to limited power generation of the photovoltaic panel in winter.
Under the drive of a continuously working flow pump, heat is transferred to the phase-change material through a heat exchange working medium through a photovoltaic backboard cooling channel, a working medium flow channel (outlet), a liquid storage tank and metal fins, the phase-change material stores the heat by utilizing the phase-change latent heat characteristic of the phase-change material, and the super capacitor wrapped in the phase-change material is maintained under the constant temperature condition of 40 ℃ with optimal electrochemical performance.
Based on heat transfer of working medium, the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel is reduced, the power generation efficiency is greatly improved, higher generated energy can be maintained, and the working temperature of the super capacitor is always and stably maintained at 40 ℃ with relatively optimal electrochemical performance due to the temperature control effect of the phase change material.
When the photovoltaic panel stops working at night, the internal heat generated by the photovoltaic panel disappears, the temperature is reduced, the flow pump stops working, the working medium does not flow and transfers heat, and when the temperature of the working medium in the liquid storage tank is wholly reduced to be lower than the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material releases the stored latent heat, and the ambient temperature of the liquid storage tank is kept constant at 40 ℃. In view of this, the supercapacitor wrapped in the phase change material can work at a temperature at which the supercapacitor has relatively highest electrochemical performance, and the discharge efficiency of the supercapacitor at night is ensured.
The solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal module begins to work, heats heat exchange working medium flowing in by a flow dividing valve, and flows on a back plate of the photovoltaic panel to realize defrosting and snow melting, thereby improving the effective light intensity accepted by the photovoltaic panel, greatly increasing the power generation capacity in winter, and meanwhile, the heat exchange working medium temperature can obviously heat the environment of the liquid storage tank, improving the working efficiency of the super capacitor, being beneficial to the efficient storage of electric energy, and the super capacitor becomes a standby power supply when the temperature of the liquid storage tank is reduced, the phase change material releases the latent heat and maintains the constant ambient temperature at 40 ℃ so as to ensure the efficient discharge of the super capacitor.
The solar photovoltaic power generation waste heat energy storage device has the advantages that the solar photovoltaic power generation waste heat is efficiently transferred and utilized, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic is effectively improved, the power generation capacity of the solar photovoltaic power generation waste heat energy storage device in summer is greatly improved, and the super capacitor stores and releases electric energy with the highest charge and discharge efficiency through temperature regulation. Meanwhile, the invention solves the problem of sudden drop of generated energy caused by low effective solar radiation intensity due to frosting and icing or snow accumulation of the plate surface of the photovoltaic plate in winter, so that the whole solar photovoltaic power generation-super capacitor power storage coupling system has better stability.
In summary, the invention also has the following characteristics:
The invention also provides a solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupled energy system, which utilizes the efficient thermal management technology to simultaneously improve the solar photovoltaic power generation efficiency and the super capacitor energy storage efficiency in different periods of summer and winter. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is reduced by about 0.4% for every 1 ℃ rise in the temperature of the solar photovoltaic cell. In the high-temperature period in summer, the efficient defrosting and deicing and snow melting technology of the photovoltaic panel becomes a key for improving the acceptable solar irradiation intensity and increasing the photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, the solar photo-thermal module and the solar photovoltaic power generation are combined, the heat exchange working medium is heated through the photo-thermal module, and the working medium is injected into the photovoltaic backboard channel, so that defrosting, deicing and snow melting are realized, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic in winter can be effectively improved. The solar photovoltaic stops working at night, the super capacitor is used as a standby power supply for supplying energy, and when the ambient temperature in the liquid storage tank is reduced below the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material releases latent heat so as to maintain the super capacitor at the optimal electrochemical performance temperature of 40 ℃ and ensure the discharge efficiency of the super capacitor. In a low-temperature period in winter, the solar heat exchange working medium can be effectively heated by the photo-thermal module and is flushed into the photovoltaic backboard channel, so that the defrosting and snow melting of the photovoltaic board are realized, the received effective solar irradiation intensity is improved, and the photovoltaic power generation capacity is further improved. Meanwhile, the heat exchange working medium heated by the photo-thermal module can improve the working temperature environment of the super capacitor, and ensure that the super capacitor can realize high-efficiency energy storage in an optimal electrochemical performance interval. The related technology provided by the invention can improve the solar photovoltaic power generation efficiency and the super capacitor power storage efficiency at the same time, the increased photovoltaic power generation amount is far smaller than the flow pump power consumed by the active water cooling technology, the bottleneck problem of intermittent energy supply of solar photovoltaic power generation is solved, and the invention has considerable engineering benefit and social and economic values.
Therefore, the solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling heat management device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that in summer, photovoltaic waste heat is transferred to a circulating flowing working medium in a back plate closed-loop channel by means of convection heat exchange, and the working medium is driven by a pump. The antigravity heat pipe assists heat transfer, realizes the high-efficient cooling of photovoltaic board. Working medium heated by photovoltaic waste heat enters the liquid storage tank, heat of the liquid storage tank is transferred to the phase change material through the metal ribs wrapped on the outer side of the phase change heat storage material, the phase change material stores the heat in the latent heat of the phase change material, a constant temperature environment at 40 ℃ is maintained, and charging efficiency of the super capacitor is improved. In winter, the photo-thermal module heats working media, so that defrosting and snow melting of the photovoltaic panel are realized, the working media heat the super capacitor, and the charging efficiency of the super capacitor is improved. The super capacitor becomes a standby power supply at night, the pump stops working, the phase change material releases latent heat, the constant temperature of the liquid storage tank at 40 ℃ is maintained, the discharge efficiency of the super capacitor is ensured, and finally the solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling system can realize all-weather high-efficiency stable energy output in different seasons. It will be appreciated that a 40 ℃ constant temperature is only one preferred temperature value and the invention is not so limited.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments and application fields, and the above-described specific embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous forms of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A solar photovoltaic-super capacitor coupling thermal management device is characterized in that,
The device comprises a back plate channel and a shell structure containing phase change materials;
Wherein, the
The back plate channel is used for transferring heat in the working process of the solar photovoltaic panel to the shell structure containing the phase change material through the working medium flowing in the back plate channel so as to store the heat of the shell structure, and is used for transferring heat based on the working medium so as to reduce the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel;
The heat-storage super capacitor comprises a shell structure, a liquid storage tank, a plurality of slots, a metal rib, a shell structure and a shell structure, wherein the shell structure is used for keeping a super capacitor wrapped in the super capacitor under a constant temperature condition, the liquid storage tank stores closed-loop working media, the slots are formed in the liquid storage tank, the metal rib is inserted into the slots and exchanges working media in the liquid storage tank, the shell structure is wrapped by the metal rib, when the temperature of the working media of the liquid storage tank is higher than the melting point of the shell structure containing phase-change materials, the shell structure containing the phase-change materials stores heat transferred by the working media in latent heat of the shell structure and maintains a constant temperature environment, and when the temperature of the working media of the liquid storage tank is reduced to be lower than the melting point of the shell structure containing the phase-change materials, the shell structure containing the phase-change materials releases the latent heat again and maintains the constant temperature environment.
2. The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device of claim 1, wherein,
When the solar photovoltaic panel stops working, the temperature of the closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank is wholly reduced to be lower than the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material releases the stored latent heat, and the ambient temperature of the liquid storage tank is kept constant.
3. The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device of claim 1, wherein,
The back plate channel is arranged on the back surface of the solar photovoltaic panel and comprises a first inlet of a working medium flow passage for leading in working medium and a first outlet of the working medium flow passage for leading out working medium.
4. The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device of claim 1, wherein,
The device also comprises an anti-gravity oscillation heat pipe which is arranged on the back surface of the solar photovoltaic panel and is adjacent to the back plate channel to conduct heat.
5. The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device of claim 1, wherein,
A supercapacitor for storing electrical energy.
6. The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device of claim 1, wherein,
The liquid storage tank comprises;
A second inlet communicated with the working fluid channel outlet for introducing closed-loop working fluid from the back plate channel;
and the second outlet is communicated with the working medium runner inlet to guide out closed-loop working medium in the liquid storage tank.
7. The solar photovoltaic-supercapacitor coupling thermal management device of claim 1, wherein,
The shell structure containing the phase change material is provided with an insulating cover plate.
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