CN115213206A - Method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN115213206A CN115213206A CN202210863421.1A CN202210863421A CN115213206A CN 115213206 A CN115213206 A CN 115213206A CN 202210863421 A CN202210863421 A CN 202210863421A CN 115213206 A CN115213206 A CN 115213206A
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- fly ash
- hazardous waste
- waste incineration
- recycling
- incineration fly
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 35
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, fully washing and pickling fly ash, secondly, solidifying turbid liquid at high temperature, thirdly, purifying and recycling supernatant, and fourthly, stamping and shaping solidified ash. According to the method for recycling the hazardous waste incineration fly ash, firstly, water-soluble salt and partial heavy metal salt in the fly ash are dissolved in water as much as possible in a multi-time water washing mode, then, standing and layering are carried out, a mixed solution of the water-soluble salt and the partial heavy metal salt is separated from ash, then, a nitric acid solution is added, heavy metal oxide in a lower layer of turbid liquid is dissolved in the nitric acid solution, the water-soluble salt in the fly ash is separated as much as possible, the problem that the solidified fly ash is influenced by the water-soluble salt is solved, meanwhile, the mixed solution is correspondingly treated, and heavy metal in the mixed solution can also be separated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recycling fly ash, relates to the technical field of hazardous waste fly ash recycling, and particularly relates to a method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash.
Background
In the process of burning hazardous waste, a large amount of fly ash is generated from tail gas of the burning furnace. The fly ash contains a large amount of water-soluble salts, heavy metals, dioxin and the like. At present, hazardous waste incineration fly ash mainly takes solidification safe landfill treatment as a main part, but substances such as heavy metals carried in the fly ash have certain functions in industrial production, and the substances are directly solidified landfill treated, so that resource waste is caused, and certain potential safety hazards also exist. Therefore, a method for recycling the hazardous waste incineration fly ash is particularly necessary.
The following problems exist in the prior art:
in the prior art, the fly ash is usually solidified, water-soluble salt is gradually separated out, so that the fly ash is solidified and collapsed, and heavy metals are leached out, and the heavy metals, dioxin and the like not only seriously pollute soil, water sources and the like, but also have great toxicity to human bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash, so as to solve the technical problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash comprises the following steps:
fully washing and pickling fly ash;
step two, curing the suspension at high temperature;
step three, purifying and recycling the supernatant;
and step four, solidifying ash slag, and stamping and shaping.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and the first step also comprises the steps of washing the collected hazardous waste incineration fly ash, standing the washed mixture for 1 hour to layer the mixture, taking out the layered supernatant for later use, repeating the washing process for 3 times on the lower-layer suspension after taking out the supernatant, mixing the supernatant taken out each time for later use, and washing out soluble salts in the fly ash as much as possible through multiple times of washing.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and the first step also comprises the step of carrying out acid washing treatment on the lower layer suspension which is subjected to the third standing and layering, slowly adding an excessive nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 34% into the mixture, continuously stirring for 15 minutes after the nitric acid solution is added, standing for 1 hour again, separating the supernatant from the lower layer suspension for later use after the mixture is layered, and washing out the heavy metals in the fly ash by acid washing.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and step two, slowly adding a proper amount of 35% by mass sodium hydroxide solution into the suspension subjected to acid washing and separation in step one, continuously stirring for 10 minutes after the sodium hydroxide solution is added, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 8-8.5, and adjusting the pH value of the suspension at the lower layer to ensure the smooth proceeding of the subsequent high-temperature curing process.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and the second step also comprises the steps of putting the mixture into a melting furnace, adjusting the temperature to 1200-1500 ℃, adjusting the pressure to 10-15MPa, heating and curing at high temperature and high pressure for 2 hours to obtain cured ash, removing organic matters such as dioxin in the fly ash through high-temperature and high-pressure curing treatment, and simultaneously curing the residual heavy metals.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and the third step also comprises the steps of fully mixing the mixed liquid obtained by water washing and acid washing, slowly adding 35% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution into the solution, continuously stirring, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7.5-12, and gradually separating out heavy metal ions through the adjustment of the pH value.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and the third step also comprises the steps of gradually separating out heavy metal ions, lead ions, zinc ions, copper ions and the like in the process of gradually increasing the pH of the mixed solution, filtering and separating alkaline precipitates formed by the lead ions, the zinc ions, the copper ions and the like respectively, and realizing the recycling of the heavy metals through filtering operation.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and step four, standing and cooling the solidified ash obtained in the step two for 1 hour, adding a dibutyl phthalate toughening agent with the mass fraction of 3% and an epoxy resin curing agent with the mass fraction of 2% into the solidified ash, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the materials, putting the mixture into a mold, quickly stamping, curing and molding, and quickly curing and molding the ash in the stamping process by adding the toughening agent and the curing agent to achieve the effect of recycling the ash.
After the scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that:
(1) The invention provides a method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the steps of firstly, dissolving water-soluble salt and partial heavy metal salt in fly ash in water as much as possible by a mode of washing for many times, then standing and layering to separate the water-soluble salt and partial heavy metal salt mixed solution from ash, then adding nitric acid solution to dissolve heavy metal oxide in lower-layer suspension in the nitric acid solution, and continuously stirring to dissolve the heavy metal oxide as much as possible, separating the water-soluble salt in the fly ash as much as possible to avoid the problem that the water-soluble salt influences the solidified fly ash, and simultaneously carrying out corresponding treatment on the mixed solution to separate heavy metal in the mixed solution for other production processes to avoid the problem of resource waste.
(2) The invention provides a method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the steps of adding an alkaline sodium hydroxide solution into a lower layer turbid liquid after acid washing to gradually increase the pH of the whole solution, gradually combining hydroxide ions with heavy metal ions to form a precipitate when the pH of the solution is gradually increased to be alkaline, separating out the precipitate from the solution, separating the heavy metal alkaline precipitate from the solution by a filtering method, and using the separated heavy metal alkaline precipitate for other production processes.
(3) The invention provides a method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the steps of adjusting the pH value of lower layer suspension after acid washing to 8-8.5, putting the lower layer suspension into a melting furnace, adjusting the temperature to 1200-1500 ℃, the pressure to 10-15MPa, and fully heating and curing at high temperature and high pressure for 2 hours, so that organic matters such as dioxin in the fly ash are fully combusted and reacted to form corresponding oxides, meanwhile, heavy metals which are not fully treated are fully cured in corresponding grid structures, ash can be cured to form glass cured bodies, and then certain toughening agents and curing agents are added to be used as building materials, so that the resource utilization of the ash is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the invention are explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
fully washing and pickling fly ash;
step two, curing the suspension at high temperature;
step three, purifying and recycling the supernatant;
and step four, solidifying ash slag, and stamping and shaping.
In this embodiment, through washing and pickling, isolate soluble salt and heavy metal in the flying ash as far as possible, the rethread carries out high temperature solidification to turbid liquid, fully burn organic matters such as dioxin, heavy metal ion is thoroughly cured, avoid organic matters such as heavy metal ion and dioxin to cause the problem of injury to environment and human body, again through the purification to the supernatant, effectively isolate the heavy metal, improve the utilization efficiency of resources, at last, through the addition of toughening agent and curing agent, make the lime-ash at the punching press in the fast curing shaping, and possess certain intensity.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, on the basis of embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, the first step further comprises the steps of washing the collected hazardous waste incineration fly ash, standing the washed mixture for 1 hour to stratify the mixture, taking out the stratified supernatant for later use, repeating the washing process for 3 times on the supernatant-removed lower-layer suspension, mixing the supernatant-removed supernatant for later use, carrying out acid washing on the third standing stratified lower-layer suspension, slowly adding a nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 34% into the mixture, continuously stirring, continuing to stir for 15 minutes after the addition of the nitric acid solution is completed, standing for 1 hour again to stratify the mixture, and separating the supernatant from the lower-layer suspension for later use.
In this embodiment, at first through the mode of washing many times, make water-soluble salt and partial heavy metal salt in the flying dust dissolve in water as far as possible, the rethread layering of stewing, separate water-soluble salt and partial heavy metal salt mixed solution and ash content, rethread adds nitric acid solution, make the heavy metal oxide in the lower floor's turbid liquid dissolve in nitric acid solution, and through constantly stirring, make heavy metal oxide to be dissolved as far as possible, separate water-soluble salt in the flying dust as far as possible, avoid water-soluble salt to cause the problem of influence to the flying dust of solidification, carry out corresponding processing to mixed solution simultaneously, also can separate the heavy metal in the mixed solution, be used for other production processes, avoid causing the problem of wasting of resources.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, on the basis of embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, the second step further comprises slowly adding a proper amount of 35% by mass sodium hydroxide solution into the suspension subjected to acid washing separation in the first step, continuously stirring, after the sodium hydroxide solution is added, continuously stirring for 10 minutes, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 8-8.5, placing the mixture into a melting furnace, adjusting the temperature to 1200-1500 ℃ and the pressure to 10-15MPa, and heating and curing at high temperature and high pressure for 2 hours to obtain cured ash.
In this embodiment, an alkaline sodium hydroxide solution is added to the lower layer suspension after acid washing, so that the pH of the whole solution gradually rises, when the pH of the solution gradually rises to be alkaline, hydroxide ions in the solution can be gradually combined with heavy metal ions to form a precipitate, the precipitate is separated out from the solution, then the heavy metal alkaline precipitate is separated from the solution by a filtration method, and the separated heavy metal alkaline precipitate can be used in other production processes.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, on the basis of embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, the third step further comprises fully mixing the mixed liquid obtained by water washing and acid washing, slowly adding 35% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed liquid, continuously stirring, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7.5-12, gradually separating out heavy metal ions, lead ions, zinc ions, copper ions and the like in the process of gradually increasing the pH value of the mixed solution, and filtering and separating alkaline precipitates formed by the lead ions, the zinc ions, the copper ions and the like respectively.
In this embodiment, after adjusting the pH of the lower layer suspension after acid washing to 8 to 8.5, the lower layer suspension is put into a melting furnace, the temperature is adjusted to 1200 to 1500 ℃, the pressure is 10 to 15MPa, and the lower layer suspension is sufficiently heated and cured at high temperature and high pressure for 2 hours, so that organic matters such as dioxin in the fly ash are sufficiently combusted and reacted to form corresponding oxides, meanwhile, heavy metals which are not completely treated are completely cured in corresponding grid structures, and ash residues are cured to form glass cured bodies.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1, on the basis of embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, the fourth step further comprises the steps of standing and cooling the solidified ash obtained in the second step for 1 hour, adding 3 mass percent of dibutyl phthalate toughening agent and 2 mass percent of epoxy resin curing agent into the solidified ash, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the materials, putting the mixture into a mold, quickly stamping, and curing and molding.
In the embodiment, the dibutyl phthalate toughening agent and the epoxy resin curing agent are added into the glass cured body formed by curing the ash slag, so that the cohesiveness between the ash slag is enhanced, the ash slag is rapidly shaped in the stamping process conveniently, and the high-strength glass cured body has high strength, and avoids the problem that the quality of building materials is influenced due to the fact that the ash slag is easy to damage.
The working principle of the method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash will be described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, firstly, through washing and pickling, separate out soluble salt and heavy metal in the fly ash as far as possible, and then carry out high temperature curing to turbid liquid, fully burn organic matters such as dioxin, heavy metal ions are thoroughly cured, avoid organic matters such as heavy metal ions and dioxin to cause the problem of injury to the environment and the human body, and then through the purification to the supernatant, effectively separate out the heavy metal, improve the resource utilization efficiency, and finally through the addition of toughening agent and curing agent, make the lime-ash solidify the shaping fast in the stamping process, and possess certain intensity.
The present invention has been described in general terms in the foregoing, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the present invention. Therefore, modifications or improvements are within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit of the inventive concept.
Claims (8)
1. A method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fully washing and pickling fly ash;
step two, curing the suspension at high temperature;
step three, purifying and recycling the supernatant;
and step four, solidifying ash slag, and stamping and shaping.
2. The method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: and the first step also comprises the steps of washing the collected hazardous waste incineration fly ash, standing the washed mixture for 1 hour to layer the mixture, taking out the layered supernatant for later use, repeating the washing process for 3 times on the lower-layer suspension after taking out the supernatant, and mixing the supernatant taken out each time for later use.
3. The method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash according to claim 2, wherein: and the first step also comprises the step of carrying out acid washing treatment on the lower layer turbid liquid which is subjected to the third standing and layering, slowly adding a nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 34% into the mixture, continuously stirring, continuing to stir for 15 minutes after the nitric acid solution is added, standing for 1 hour again, and separating the supernatant from the lower layer turbid liquid for later use after the mixture is layered.
4. The method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: and step two, slowly adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 35% into the suspension subjected to acid washing and separation in the step one, continuously stirring for 10 minutes after the sodium hydroxide solution is added, and adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 8-8.5.
5. The method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: and the second step also comprises the step of putting the mixture into a melting furnace, adjusting the temperature to 1200-1500 ℃, adjusting the pressure to 10-15MPa, and heating and curing at high temperature and high pressure for 2 hours to obtain cured ash.
6. The method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: and the third step also comprises the steps of fully mixing the mixed liquid obtained by water washing and acid washing, slowly adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 35% into the solution, continuously stirring, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7.5-12.
7. The method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash according to claim 6, wherein: and the third step also comprises the steps of gradually separating out lead ions, zinc ions and copper ions in the process of gradually increasing the pH of the mixed solution, and filtering and separating alkaline precipitates formed by the lead ions, the zinc ions and the copper ions respectively.
8. The method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: and step four, standing and cooling the solidified ash obtained in the step two for 1 hour, adding 3 mass percent of dibutyl phthalate toughening agent and 2 mass percent of epoxy resin curing agent into the solidified ash, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the materials, putting the mixture into a mold, quickly stamping, and curing and molding.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210863421.1A CN115213206A (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210863421.1A CN115213206A (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash |
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| CN115213206A true CN115213206A (en) | 2022-10-21 |
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| CN202210863421.1A Pending CN115213206A (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Method for recycling hazardous waste incineration fly ash |
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2022
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