CN115176669A - Revegetation structure and method for mine slope of waste limestone - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine restoration, in particular to a structure and method for restoring vegetation on the slope of an abandoned limestone mine. The vegetation restoration structure of the abandoned limestone mine slope includes the base surface, the slag layer, the organic water-retaining layer, the overburden layer, the spray layer, and the moss layer. Use the remaining part of the stone after the slope cut to pick up and transport the commercial stone to naturally form a slag layer, as well as the upper layer of the local limestone mine to dump soil, saving the construction and transportation volume of earthwork. The overburden layer is constructed by means of pneumatic spraying and soil removal, and the spraying layer is sprayed by spraying seeds to avoid the leveling of the slag layer and further save the workload. The vegetation community constructed by using the upper dump of the local limestone mine and the seeds of the local environment is similar to the local natural vegetation, adapting to the local climate, easy to grow and survive, and can reduce later maintenance. Reduce the construction cost of vegetation restoration structures and minimize later maintenance, and reduce manual participation while ensuring vegetation restoration.

Description

A kind of abandoned limestone mine slope vegetation restoration structure and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mine restoration, in particular to a structure and method for restoring vegetation on the slope of an abandoned limestone mine.

Background technique

Slopes formed after limestone mines are mined have the risk of collapse, slumps, rock fall, and environmental impact. Many of the existing abandoned limestone mine slopes are only in the state of cutting slope treatment, and the restoration of vegetation often relies on natural processes, which require years of surface soilization and slow growth of vegetation communities to complete. The resistance to vegetation restoration on limestone mine slopes is mainly due to the high cost of vegetation restoration and the small willingness of enterprises to advance. Under the condition that vegetation restoration meets certain requirements, how to reduce the cost of vegetation restoration is the key to whether vegetation restoration technology can be widely used.

Existing limestone mine slope vegetation restoration generally needs to consider how to fix vegetation (such as CN113303059A-a vegetation restoration device for limestone mine wasteland), how to improve soil composition to facilitate vegetation growth (such as CN110454165B-a kind of limestone mining Restoration matrix of abandoned mine pit in quarry and its preparation method and landfill method), a complete vegetation restoration scheme such as CN216839500U - Mine Slope Restoration Greening Structure. In the above scheme, whether it is vegetation fixation, filling and improving soil, and subsequent maintenance, a large amount of work will be generated, and the cost of vegetation restoration will be very high.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problem of high cost of vegetation restoration on abandoned limestone mine slopes in the prior art, the present invention provides a structure and a method for restoring vegetation on abandoned limestone mine slopes. conducive to promotion.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of abandoned limestone mine slope vegetation restoration structure, including:

Base surface, which is the base surface formed after sloping;

A slag layer, which is formed by laying the remaining part of the stone material after picking and transporting the commercial stone material on the base surface after cutting the slope;

an organic water-retaining layer, which is distributed in the spaces between the slag stones of the slag stone layer;

an overlying soil layer, which adopts the surface dumping soil of a local limestone mine and covers the upper part of the organic water-retaining layer;

a spray layer, on top of the overburden, containing vegetation seeds;

Part of the slag surface of the base surface and the slag layer is attached with a moss layer;

The bottom position of the slag rock layer is provided with a band-shaped blocking area, which is formed by tightly stacking the slag rock, which blocks the loss of the husk layer and the soil layer, and allows the water flow to seep out.

The moss layer and the gaps formed by the natural distribution of slag are filled with organic matter to form an organic water-retaining layer to achieve the effect of water storage. More natural rainfall can be retained, which can reduce later watering maintenance.

A further improvement, the organic water retention layer contains chaff and/or sawdust.

In a further improvement, the soil covering layer is mixed with charcoal ash and rhizobia powder. The addition of charcoal ash can add potassium element, and at the same time make the soil color darker, which is conducive to heat absorption, as well as partially improve thermal insulation and air permeability. The addition of rhizobia powder can make rhizobia cooperate with legumes and play a role in nitrogen fixation.

In a further improvement, the vegetation seeds include vegetation seeds around local limestone mines. The composition of the surrounding vegetation and soil layer is similar, and the local plant seeds around the limestone mine are collected and sprayed, which is conducive to the establishment of vegetation populations similar to the surrounding environment.

After a period of time, the lower layer of the covering soil layer will be mixed with the organic water-retaining layer to form a mixed layer.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for restoring vegetation on an abandoned limestone mine slope, comprising:

Step 1. The remaining part of the stone material after the commercial stone material is taken and transported after the slope is cut to naturally form a slag layer, and the bottom of the slag layer is the base surface after the slope is cut;

Step 2, closely arrange the slag at the bottom of the slope of the slag layer to form a band-shaped barrier area;

Step 3, spray the moss mixed solution containing moss spores in the slag layer, so that the slag layer and the base surface part generate a moss layer;

Step 4, filling the voids between the slag stones of the slag stone layer with organic matter granules or powder to form an organic matter water-retaining layer;

Step 5: Drain the surface layer of the local limestone mine, cover the upper part of the organic water-retaining layer to form an overburden layer, and carry out watering operations on it;

In step 6, spraying is carried out on the covering soil layer, and the mixed liquid of vegetation seeds is sprayed to form a spraying layer.

Optionally, in the second step, the particle size of the stacking material used is the same as that of the slag in the slag layer, and it is artificially built.

Optionally, in the second step, the particle size of the stacking material used is smaller than the particle size of the slag in the slag layer, and is formed by stacking.

A further improvement, in the third step, the spraying time of the moss mixed solution is before the arrival of summer, and the growth time of the moss is one summer or two summers.

For a further improvement, in the fourth step, the organic particles or powder are blown on the surface of the slag, and then sprinkled with water to bring the wheat bran to the slag gap of the slag layer by means of water flow.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The slag layer is naturally formed by using the remaining part of the stone after slashing and transporting the commercial stone, and the upper layer of the local limestone mine is dumped, so as to save the construction and transportation volume of earthwork.

(2) The overburden layer is constructed by pneumatic spraying and soil removal, and the spraying layer is used for seed sowing, which can avoid the leveling of the slag layer and further save the construction workload.

(3) Utilizing the upper dump of the local limestone mine and the seeds of the local environment, the constructed vegetation community is similar to the local natural vegetation, which is more adaptable to the local climate, easy to grow and survive, and can reduce later maintenance. reduce workload.

(4) Through the construction of moss layer and organic water-retaining layer, the problem of poor water-retention capacity of slag on mine slope in the early stage is solved, which is beneficial to the maintenance and growth of vegetation in the early stage.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the vegetation restoration structure body of abandoned limestone mine slope in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the place A in Fig. 1 of the present invention, showing the structure when the moss layer grows;

Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the place A in Fig. 1 of the present invention, showing the structure when the organic water-retaining layer is filled;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for restoring vegetation on a slope of an abandoned limestone mine provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

In the picture:

1. Base surface;

2. Slag layer;

3. Organic water retention layer;

4. Overburden layer;

5. Spray layer;

6. Moss layer;

7. Ribbon barrier.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so as to fully understand and implement the implementation process of how to apply technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects in the present application.

Example 1

The first embodiment of the present invention provides a structure for restoring vegetation on the slope of an abandoned limestone mine. This embodiment is described by taking the limestone mine of a local cement factory in Pingyin County, Jinan City as an example. The climatic conditions for vegetation restoration are the East Asian monsoon climate, and the geological soil conditions are Shandong hilly areas. The goal of restoration is to establish restoration vegetation similar to the local vegetation community. The plan is:

An abandoned limestone mine slope vegetation restoration structure, as shown in Figure 1-3, includes a base surface 1, a slag layer 2, an organic water-retaining layer 3, an overburden layer 4, a spray seeding layer 5, and a moss layer 6.

Among them, the base surface 1 is the base surface formed after the slope is cut. Shown as a flat surface, it can actually be a bumpy surface.

The slag layer 2 is formed by spreading the remaining part of the stone after taking and transporting the commercial stone after cutting the slope on the base surface 1, and the accumulation state is a natural accumulation state. The particle size distribution of the slag in the slag layer 2 depends on the size of the commercial stone taken and transported, and there is no strict requirement, and the particle size can generally be between 3cm-7m.

The moss layer 6 is attached to a part of the surface of the base surface 1 and the slag of the slag layer 2 . The moss layer 6 is formed by spraying the moss mixed solution containing moss spores to the slag layer, and the spraying amount should be to the slag that can infiltrate most of the slag layer. The moss mixture is mainly composed of moss spore powder mixed with water, and nutrient solution can be added appropriately. Generally, it is sprayed before summer, and cultivated for one to two summers after spraying, and a moss layer is formed on part of the surface of the slag on the base surface 1 and the slag layer 2. The so-called cultivation means that no other layers are covered on it, and it can be set aside. An additional spray of moss mixture can also be added before the arrival of the second summer.

The existence of the moss layer can reduce the smoothness of the surface of the slag, increase the resistance of water flow, and is conducive to water retention. Moss grows at the connection of the slag and has a certain bonding effect, which is conducive to the fixation between the slag. Moss can fix the dust into a small layer of soil on the surface of the slag and the base surface, and can provide organic matter at the end of its own life cycle, which is conducive to improving the soil.

The organic matter water-retaining layer 3 is distributed in the spaces between the slag stones of the slag stone layer, and plays the role of storing water and providing organic matter for corrosion. The materials of the organic water-retaining layer can be granular materials, such as chaff, wheat bran, etc.; powder materials, such as sawdust, can also be used. Among them, wheat bran is easy to obtain locally. Taking wheat bran as an example, the wheat bran is blown on the surface of the slag, and then sprinkled with water, and the wheat bran is brought to the slag gap of the slag layer with the help of water flow.

The cover soil layer 4 adopts the surface soil drainage of the local limestone mine, and covers the upper part of the organic water-retaining layer. The surface dumping soil of the limestone mine used in the overburden layer 4 needs to be no longer mixed after the quarry and commercial stone are separated, and stored in one place for the restoration of the slope vegetation. On the one hand, the surface dumping of the local limestone mine can be used to cover the soil, which can meet the needs of vegetation restoration, and no need to transport soil from the outside, which reduces the amount of soil transportation. On the other hand, it can also improve the quality of commercial stone and increase the calcium content. The thickness of the overburden layer 4 can be as thick as possible according to the actual soil discharge conditions of the local limestone mine, and generally should not be less than 10cm thick.

The covering soil layer can also be mixed with some charcoal ash, and the weight ratio can be about 5%. The addition of charcoal ash can add potassium element, and at the same time make the soil color darker, which is conducive to heat absorption, as well as partially improve thermal insulation and air permeability.

Some rhizobia powder can also be mixed into the covering soil layer, and the weight ratio can be about 2%. The addition of rhizobia powder can make rhizobia cooperate with legumes and play a role in nitrogen fixation.

The spray layer 5 is above the soil cover layer and contains vegetation seeds. The mixture mixed with grass seeds, chemical fertilizers, soil amendments, soil stabilizers, auxiliary materials, water, etc. is sprayed on the overburden layer by spraying machinery, with a thickness of 2-3cm.

Among them, the grass species should choose legumes and grasses that are easy to grow locally, such as saffron, foxtail, etc. It is also possible to add a variety of herb seeds and shrub seeds collected locally near the local limestone mine. The shrubs can be collected such as the seeds of the dominant shrub vegetation in the hilly areas of Shandong Province. The soil stabilizer can be selected from wood fiber, and the soil conditioner can be used Peat. Peat soil is loose soil rich in organic fertilizers in the lower layers of the forest, which can improve soil structure and improve air permeability. The fertilizer is compound fertilizer. The specific weight ratio is optional, water: wood fiber: compound fertilizer: peat soil: seed is 100:3:10:150:7.

A band-shaped barrier area 7 is provided at the bottom of the slope of the slag rock layer 2, and the band-shaped barrier area 7 is formed by the close arrangement of the slag to block the loss of the organic matter layer and the overburden layer, and allow the water flow to seep out to maintain the nutrients and Prevent water accumulation.

In this embodiment, the moss layer and the gaps formed by the natural distribution of slag are filled with organic matter to form an organic water-retaining layer to achieve the water storage effect, and more natural rainfall can be retained, which can reduce later watering maintenance and reduce workload. The natural distribution of the slag does not require special leveling of the slag, which also reduces the workload.

The overburden layer adopts the surface dumping of the local limestone mine, which can meet the needs of vegetation restoration, and does not need to transport soil from the outside, which reduces the amount of soil transportation. At the same time, it is similar to the surrounding vegetation soil layer, and the local plant seeds around the limestone mine are collected and sprayed, which is conducive to the establishment of vegetation populations similar to the surrounding environment. Because the native vegetation can adapt to local climatic conditions, the vegetation is easy to survive and grow, which can reduce the workload of later maintenance.

Example 2

The second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for restoring vegetation on the slope of an abandoned limestone mine. Taking the limestone mine of a local cement factory in Pingyin County, Jinan City as an example, the climatic conditions for vegetation restoration are the East Asian monsoon climate, and the geological soil conditions are hilly areas in Shandong.

A method for restoring vegetation on the slope of an abandoned limestone mine, as shown in Figure 4, includes the following steps:

Step 1. A slag layer is naturally formed from the remaining part of the stone after the commercial stone is taken and transported after the slope is cut, and the bottom of the slag layer is the base surface after the slope is cut;

Step 2, closely arrange the slag at the bottom of the slope of the slag layer to form a band-shaped barrier area;

Step 3, spray the moss mixed solution containing moss spores on the slag layer, so that the slag layer and the base surface part generate a moss layer;

Step 4, filling the voids between the slag stones of the slag stone layer with organic matter granules or powder to form an organic matter water-retaining layer;

Step 5. Drain the surface layer of the local limestone mine, cover the upper part of the organic water-retaining layer to form an overburden layer, and perform watering operations on it;

Step 6, spraying operation is performed on the covering soil layer, and the mixed liquid of vegetation seeds is sprayed to form a sprayed layer.

Specifically, in step 1, the slag layer 2 is formed by spreading the remaining part of the stone after taking and transporting the commercial stone after cutting the slope on the base surface 1, and the accumulation state is a natural accumulation state. The particle size distribution of the slag in the slag layer 2 depends on the size of the commercial stone taken and transported, and there is no strict requirement, and the particle size can generally be between 3cm-7m.

Specifically, in step 2, a band-shaped barrier area 7 is provided at the bottom of the slope of the slag layer 2, and the band-shaped barrier area 7 is formed by closely arranging the slag to block the loss of the organic matter layer and the overburden layer, and allow the Water seeps out.

There are two ways to form the band-shaped barrier area 7. One is to use the same slag stone as the slag layer to perform artificial masonry, so that the slag stones are closely arranged to form smaller gaps and form the band-shaped barrier area. The advantage of this method is that materials can be obtained locally, which saves the workload of handling, but increases the workload of masonry. Another way is to directly stack the slag with smaller particle size into a band-shaped barrier area, and the gap between the slag is small, which plays the role of blocking the organic layer and the overburden layer and water seepage. This method saves labor without manual masonry, but needs to transport small-sized stones from other places, which increases the transportation volume. In practical applications, it can be selected according to the specific situation.

Specifically, in step 3, the moss layer 6 is sprayed with the moss mixed solution containing moss spores to the slag layer, and the spraying amount is to the slag that can infiltrate most of the slag layer. The moss mixture is mainly composed of moss spore powder mixed with water, and nutrient solution can be added appropriately. Generally, it is sprayed before summer, and cultivated for one to two summers after spraying, and a moss layer is formed on part of the surface of the slag on the base surface 1 and the slag layer 2. The so-called cultivation means that no other layers are covered on it, and it can be set aside. An additional spray of moss mixture can also be added before the arrival of the second summer.

The existence of the moss layer can reduce the smoothness of the surface of the slag, increase the resistance of water flow, and is conducive to water retention. Moss grows at the connection of the slag and has a certain bonding effect, which is conducive to the fixation between the slag. Moss can fix the dust into a small layer of soil on the surface of the slag and the base surface, and can provide organic matter at the end of its own life cycle, which is conducive to improving the soil.

Specifically, in step 4, the organic matter takes wheat bran as an example, and the wheat bran is blown on the surface of the slag, and then sprinkled with water, and the wheat bran is brought to the slag gap of the slag layer by means of water flow. The wheat bran is distributed in the spaces between the slag stones in the slag stone layer, and plays the role of water storage and corrosion to provide organic matter. It should be noted that the construction of the organic water-retaining layer is carried out after the growth of the moss layer reaches certain requirements.

Specifically, in step 5, the overburden layer 4 adopts the surface layer of the local limestone mine to dump soil. The upper part of the organic water-retaining layer is covered by the surface dumping soil of the local limestone mine by means of pneumatic spraying.

The surface dumping soil of the limestone mine used in the overburden layer 4 needs to be no longer mixed after the quarry and commercial stone are separated, and stored in one place for the restoration of the slope vegetation. On the one hand, the surface dumping of the local limestone mine can be used to cover the soil, which can meet the needs of vegetation restoration, and no need to transport soil from the outside, which reduces the amount of soil transportation. On the other hand, it can also improve the quality of commercial stone and increase the calcium content. The thickness of the overburden layer 4 can be as thick as possible according to the actual soil discharge conditions of the local limestone mine, and generally should not be less than 10cm thick.

The covering soil layer can also be mixed with some charcoal ash, and the weight ratio can be about 5%. The addition of charcoal ash can add potassium element, and at the same time make the soil color darker, which is conducive to heat absorption, as well as partially improve thermal insulation and air permeability. The covering soil layer can also be mixed with some rhizobia powder, and the weight ratio is about 2%. The addition of rhizobia powder can make rhizobia cooperate with legumes and play a role in nitrogen fixation.

Specifically, in step 6, the mixture mixed with grass seeds, chemical fertilizers, soil conditioners, soil stabilizers, auxiliary materials, water, etc. is sprayed on the overburden layer by spraying machinery with a thickness of 2-3cm to form a spray layer.

Among them, the grass species should be leguminous and grassy plants that are easy to grow locally, such as saffron, foxtail, etc. You can also add a variety of herb seeds and shrub seeds collected locally near the local limestone mine. Soil stabilizer optional wood fiber. The soil conditioner can be peat soil. Peat soil is loose soil rich in organic fertilizers in the lower layers of the forest, which can improve soil structure and improve air permeability. The fertilizer is compound fertilizer. The specific weight ratio is optional, water: wood fiber: compound fertilizer: peat soil: seed is 100:3:10:150:7.

Vegetation restoration process:

In the first or second year, moss grows and covers the slag surface of the slag layer of most of the base surface, which plays a role of blocking water and fixing the slag to a certain extent.

After that, herbs and shrubs germinate and grow together, herbs are the dominant vegetation, and the moss layer gradually withers and dies. The organic water-retaining layer gradually decays to provide nutrients, and the bottom part of the overlying soil falls down to fill the space vacated by the organic water-retaining layer. The surface plants of vegetation play the role of blocking water and protecting the soil. The roots of the vegetation extend into the slag layer and play a role in fixing the soil. The apoptotic plants of annual herbs and the fallen leaves of perennial shrubs play the role of blocking water and reducing water evaporation on the surface. effect.

After that, the herbs and shrubs are balanced, and the ecological environment is similar to the surrounding area, so as to achieve the purpose of vegetation restoration.

It can be seen from the method for vegetation restoration of abandoned limestone mine slopes provided in this embodiment that this embodiment reduces manual participation as much as possible while achieving the purpose of vegetation restoration, so as to reduce the cost of vegetation restoration. On the one hand, it is to reduce the construction cost of the vegetation restoration structure, and the other is to minimize the maintenance in the later period.

The slag layer is naturally formed by using the remaining part of the stone after slashing and transporting the commercial stone, and the upper layer of the local limestone mine is dumped, so as to save the construction and transportation volume of earthwork.

The overburden layer is constructed by means of pneumatic spraying and soil removal, and the spraying layer is used for seed sowing, which can avoid the leveling of the slag layer and further save the construction workload.

The use of the upper dump of the local limestone mine and the seeds of the local environment to build a vegetation community is similar to the local natural vegetation, which is more adaptable to the local climate, easy to grow and survive, and can reduce later maintenance.

Through the construction of moss layer and organic water-retaining layer, the problem of poor water-retention capacity of slag on mine slope in the early stage is solved, which is beneficial to the maintenance and growth of vegetation in the early stage.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A revegetation structure for mine slopes of waste limestone, comprising:

a base surface which is a base surface formed after slope cutting;

the slag stone layer is formed by paving the rest part of stones after the commercial stones are taken and transported after slope cutting on the base surface;

the organic matter water-retaining layer is distributed in gaps among the slag stones of the slag stone layer;

a covering soil layer which adopts the surface layer of local limestone mine to discharge soil and covers the upper part of the organic water retention layer;

a spray-seeding layer, which is arranged above the covering soil layer and contains vegetation seeds;

a moss layer is partially attached to the slag stone surfaces of the base surface and the slag stone layer;

the slope bottom position of sediment stone layer is equipped with banded separation district, is formed by the close piling up of sediment stone, and the loss of separation Gu Keceng and soil layer to it oozes to allow rivers.

2. The revegetation structure for waste limestone mine slopes of claim 1, wherein the organic water retention layer comprises chaff and/or sawdust.

3. The revegetation structure of waste limestone mine slopes according to claim 1, wherein carbon dust and rhizobium powder are doped in the cover soil layer.

4. The waste limestone mine slope vegetation restoration construct of claim 1, wherein the vegetation seeds comprise local limestone mine perimeter vegetation seeds.

5. The revegetation structure for waste limestone mine slopes as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a mixed layer is formed by the lower layer of the cover soil layer and the organic water-retaining layer.

6. A method for recovering vegetation on a mine slope by using waste limestone is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, naturally forming a slag stone layer from the rest stone material used by a shipper after slope cutting, wherein a base surface after slope cutting is arranged below the slag stone layer;

secondly, tightly arranging slag stones at the slope bottom position of the slag stone layer to form a band-shaped blocking area;

spraying moss mixed liquor containing moss spores on the ballast stone layer to enable the ballast stone layer and the basal plane part to generate a moss layer;

filling organic granular materials or powder materials in gaps among the slag stones of the slag stone layer to form an organic water retention layer;

step five, discharging soil on the surface layer of the local limestone mine, covering the upper part of the organic matter water retention layer to form a covering soil layer, and performing water spraying operation on the covering soil layer;

and sixthly, performing spray-seeding operation on the covering soil layer, and spray-seeding vegetation seed mixed liquor to form a spray-thin layer.

7. The method of recovering vegetation from a mine slope of waste limestone as claimed in claim 6,

in the second step, the particle size of the used stacking material is the same as that of the slag stone in the slag stone layer, and the stacking material is formed by artificial building.

8. The method of recovering vegetation from a mine slope of waste limestone as claimed in claim 6,

in the second step, the grain size of the used stacking material is smaller than that of the slag stone in the slag stone layer, and the stacking mode is adopted.

9. A method of revegetation of mine slopes of waste limestone as claimed in claim 6,

in the third step, the spraying time of the moss mixed solution is before summer comes, and the growth time of the moss is one summer or two summers.

10. The method of recovering vegetation from a mine slope of waste limestone as claimed in claim 6,

and fourthly, blowing the organic granular material or the powder on the surface of the slag stone, then spraying water, and carrying the wheat bran to the slag stone gap of the slag stone layer by means of water flow.

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