CN115172821A - Method and device for judging membrane electrode perforation fault - Google Patents
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013024 troubleshooting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及燃料电池故障检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定方法和装置。The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell fault detection, and in particular, to a method and device for determining a membrane electrode perforation fault.
背景技术Background technique
质子交换膜燃料电池是将氢气的化学能转换为电能的装置。膜电极是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心组件，膜电极通常由质子交换膜、阳极催化层、阴极催化层以及位于阴阳极催化层两侧的气体扩散层构成。质子交换膜的作用在于传导质子并阻隔电子和气体，通常为全氟磺酸树脂材料。A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. The membrane electrode is the core component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The membrane electrode is usually composed of a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalytic layer, a cathode catalytic layer, and a gas diffusion layer on both sides of the cathode and anode catalytic layers. The role of the proton exchange membrane is to conduct protons and block electrons and gases, and is usually a perfluorosulfonic acid resin material.
质子交换燃料电池在实际使用过程中，通常依靠双极板将多片膜电极依次串联起来构成燃料电池电堆，电堆中包括多个单电池，每个单电池中包括一片膜电极。膜电极作为质子交换膜燃料电池的核心组件，其本身较为脆弱，在整堆压装装配过程中，一旦某一片出现破裂穿孔等问题，就会导致燃料电池单片电压过低，从而直接影响电池整体性能，严重的话会造成双极板短路、烧蚀等问题，存在较大安全隐患。In the actual use process of proton exchange fuel cells, multiple membrane electrodes are usually connected in series by bipolar plates to form a fuel cell stack. The stack includes multiple single cells, and each single cell includes a membrane electrode. As the core component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the membrane electrode itself is relatively fragile. In the process of press-fitting the whole stack, once a certain piece has problems such as rupture and perforation, the voltage of the single piece of the fuel cell will be too low, which will directly affect the battery. If the overall performance is serious, it will cause problems such as short circuit and ablation of the bipolar plate, and there is a great potential safety hazard.
相关技术中，通常在燃料电池电堆装配完成后对电池进行气密性测试，以此来判断电堆的密封性是否合格。但是通过密封性测试只能判断电堆是否存在故障，无法将故障具体到膜电极。如果想要找到故障膜电极，需要将质子交换燃料电池电堆拆解，对膜电极进行逐片检查。拆解逐片检查费时费力效率低，并且可能会对不存在异常的膜电极造成二次伤害，存在较高风险。In the related art, the airtightness test is usually performed on the cells after the assembly of the fuel cell stack is completed, so as to judge whether the airtightness of the stack is qualified. However, through the tightness test, it is only possible to determine whether there is a fault in the stack, and the fault cannot be specific to the membrane electrode. If you want to find the faulty membrane electrode, you need to disassemble the proton exchange fuel cell stack and inspect the membrane electrode piece by piece. Dismantling and inspecting one by one is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient, and may cause secondary damage to the membrane electrode without abnormality, which has a high risk.
在目前电堆装配工艺中，对于膜电极的穿孔故障需要拆解逐片排查膜电极，导致排查进度慢，影响生产效率，缺乏一种有效快速的排查方法。In the current stack assembly process, the perforation failure of the membrane electrode needs to be disassembled to check the membrane electrode piece by piece, which leads to the slow progress of the investigation, affects the production efficiency, and lacks an effective and rapid investigation method.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定方法和装置，旨在解决相关技术中排查膜电极穿孔故障时需要逐片拆解排查膜电极，排查进度慢，影响生产效率，还会对膜电极造成二次伤害的技术问题。The main purpose of this application is to provide a method and device for judging membrane electrode perforation faults, which aims to solve the problem of needing to disassemble and check membrane electrodes piece by piece when checking membrane electrode perforation faults in the related art. The technical problem of secondary damage to the membrane electrode.
第一方面，本申请提供一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for determining a membrane electrode perforation fault, the method comprising the following steps:
在确定电堆中氢气腔和空气腔的密封性不合格之后，向所述氢气腔充入氢气，向所述空气腔充入空气，获取所述电堆中每个单电池的电压，其中，充入的氢气和充入的空气的气压压差为设定压差；After it is determined that the airtightness of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity in the stack is unqualified, the hydrogen cavity is filled with hydrogen, and the air cavity is filled with air to obtain the voltage of each single cell in the stack, wherein, The pressure difference between the charged hydrogen and the charged air is the set pressure difference;
根据每个所述单电池的电压确定异常单电池；determining an abnormal single cell according to the voltage of each of the single cells;
获取每个所述异常单电池的电阻；Obtain the resistance of each of the abnormal single cells;
根据每个所述异常单电池的电阻确定存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池。A single cell with membrane electrode perforation failure is determined according to the resistance of each of the abnormal single cells.
一些实施例中，所述向所述氢气腔充入氢气，向所述空气腔充入空气，获取所述电堆中每个单电池的电压的具体步骤包括：In some embodiments, the specific steps of charging hydrogen into the hydrogen cavity and air into the air cavity, and acquiring the voltage of each single cell in the stack include:
周期性地对所述氢气腔和所述空气腔充入相应的气体，并获取每个所述单电池的电压，其中，每个周期中充入的不同气体的所述设定压差不同。The hydrogen chamber and the air chamber are periodically filled with corresponding gases, and the voltage of each of the single cells is obtained, wherein the set pressure difference of different gases charged in each cycle is different.
一些实施例中，所述周期的次数为3次。In some embodiments, the number of cycles is three.
一些实施例中，在每个周期中，对所述氢气腔和所述空气腔充入相应的气体，并获取每个所述单电池的电压的具体步骤包括：In some embodiments, in each cycle, the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber are filled with corresponding gas, and the specific steps of acquiring the voltage of each single cell include:
按照该周期中的设定压差向所述氢气腔充入加湿氢气，向所述空气腔充入加湿空气；Fill the hydrogen chamber with humidified hydrogen according to the set pressure difference in the cycle, and fill the air chamber with humidified air;
在所述氢气腔和所述空气腔的气压稳定后，获取每个所述单电池的电压。After the gas pressures of the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber are stabilized, the voltage of each of the single cells is obtained.
一些实施例中，所述根据每个所述单电池的电压确定异常单电池的步骤包括：In some embodiments, the step of determining the abnormal single cell according to the voltage of each of the single cells includes:
在所有周期结束之后，根据每一个周期中获取到的每个所述单电池的电压确定所述异常单电池；或者，After all cycles are completed, the abnormal single cell is determined according to the voltage of each of the single cells obtained in each cycle; or,
在每一个周期结束之后，根据该周期中获取到的每个所述单电池的电压确定所述异常单电池。After the end of each cycle, the abnormal single cell is determined according to the voltage of each of the single cells obtained in the cycle.
一些实施例中，所述根据每个所述单电池的电压确定异常单电池具体包括以下步骤：In some embodiments, the determining of the abnormal single cell according to the voltage of each of the single cells specifically includes the following steps:
确定所有所述单电池的平均电压；determining the average voltage of all said cells;
确定每个所述单电池的电压与所述平均电压的电压偏离比例；determining the voltage deviation ratio of the voltage of each of the single cells from the average voltage;
确定所述电压偏离比例大于预设的第一阈值的单电池为所述异常单电池；或者，Determining that a single cell whose voltage deviation ratio is greater than a preset first threshold is the abnormal single cell; or,
所述根据每个所述异常单电池的电阻确定存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池包括以下步骤：The determining of the single cell with membrane electrode perforation failure according to the resistance of each of the abnormal single cells includes the following steps:
确定所有所述单电池的平均电阻；determining the average resistance of all said cells;
确定每个所述异常单电池的电阻与所述平均电阻的电阻偏离比例；determining the ratio of the resistance deviation of each of the abnormal cells to the resistance deviation of the average resistance;
确定所述电阻偏离比例大于预设的第二阈值的异常单电池为存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池。It is determined that the abnormal single cell whose resistance deviation ratio is greater than the preset second threshold is a single cell with membrane electrode perforation failure.
一些实施例中，所述在确定电堆中氢气腔和空气腔的密封性不合格之前，还包括以下步骤：In some embodiments, before determining that the airtightness of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity in the stack is unqualified, the following steps are further included:
同时向所述电堆中的氢气腔、空气腔和水腔充入氮气，根据充入氮气的流量确定所述电堆中的各个腔体的对外密封性是否合格。At the same time, nitrogen gas is charged into the hydrogen cavity, air cavity and water cavity in the stack, and whether the external sealing performance of each cavity in the stack is qualified is determined according to the flow rate of the charged nitrogen.
一些实施例中，所述同时向所述电堆中的氢气腔、空气腔和水腔充入氮气，根据充入氮气的流量确定所述电堆中的各个腔体的对外密封性是否合格具体包括以下步骤：In some embodiments, the hydrogen gas cavity, the air cavity and the water cavity in the stack are simultaneously charged with nitrogen, and whether the external sealing performance of each cavity in the stack is qualified is determined according to the flow rate of the charged nitrogen. Include the following steps:
封闭所述电堆中的氢气腔、空气腔和水腔出口，并同时向各个腔体进口中充入第一设定压力的氮气；closing the outlet of the hydrogen cavity, the air cavity and the water cavity in the stack, and at the same time filling the inlets of each cavity with nitrogen with a first set pressure;
在气压稳定之后，判断充入氮气的总流量是否大于第一预设流量，若是，则确定所述电堆中的腔体的对外密封性存在不合格的隐患，否则确定所述电堆中的腔体的对外密封性合格，即所述电堆不存在外部泄露。After the air pressure is stabilized, it is judged whether the total flow rate of the charged nitrogen gas is greater than the first preset flow rate. The external sealing of the cavity is qualified, that is, the stack has no external leakage.
一些实施例中，在确定所述电堆中的腔体的对外密封性合格之后，还包括以下步骤：In some embodiments, after it is determined that the external sealing of the cavity in the stack is qualified, the following steps are further included:
先向所述水腔充入第二设定压力的氮气，First fill the water chamber with nitrogen at the second set pressure,
在所述水腔的气压稳定后，判断充入氮气的总流量是否大于第二预设流量，若是，则确定所述水腔的密封性不合格，否则再向所述氢气腔充入第三设定压力的氮气，同时打开空气腔出口；After the air pressure of the water cavity is stabilized, it is determined whether the total flow rate of nitrogen gas is greater than the second preset flow rate. If so, it is determined that the sealing performance of the water cavity is unqualified. Set the pressure of nitrogen, and open the air cavity outlet at the same time;
在所述氢气腔的气压再次稳定后，判断充入氮气的总流量是否大于第三预设流量，若是，则确定所述氢气腔到所述空气腔的密封性不合格，否则确定所述氢气腔到所述空气腔的密封性合格。After the air pressure of the hydrogen chamber is stabilized again, it is determined whether the total flow rate of the charged nitrogen gas is greater than the third preset flow rate. The tightness of the cavity to the air cavity is qualified.
第二方面，本申请还提供一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定装置，所述装置包括：In a second aspect, the present application also provides a device for determining a membrane electrode perforation fault, the device comprising:
电压获取单元，其用于在确定电堆中氢气腔和空气腔的密封性不合格之后，向所述氢气腔充入氢气，向所述空气腔充入空气，获取所述电堆中每个单电池的电压，其中，充入的氢气和充入的空气的气压压差为设定压差；A voltage acquisition unit, which is used for filling hydrogen into the hydrogen cavity and air into the air cavity after determining that the sealing performance of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity in the stack is unqualified, to obtain each The voltage of the single cell, wherein the pressure difference between the charged hydrogen and the charged air is the set pressure difference;
异常单电池确定单元，其用于根据每个所述单电池的电压确定异常单电池；an abnormal single cell determination unit for determining an abnormal single cell according to the voltage of each of the single cells;
电阻获取单元，其用于获取每个所述单电池的电阻；a resistance acquisition unit for acquiring the resistance of each of the single cells;
故障确定单元，其用于根据每个所述单电池的电阻和每个所述异常单电池的电阻确定存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池。A failure determination unit for determining a single cell having a membrane electrode perforation failure according to the resistance of each of the single cells and the resistance of each of the abnormal single cells.
提供一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定方法和装置，通过在确定电堆中氢气腔和空气腔的密封性不合格之后，向所述氢气腔充入氢气，向所述空气腔充入空气，获取所述电堆中每个单电池的电压，其中，充入的氢气和充入的空气的气压压差为设定压差；根据每个所述单电池的电压确定异常单电池；获取每个所述异常单电池的电阻；根据每个所述异常单电池的电阻确定存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池，实现了在不拆解电池的情况下也能够准确快速的定位出现故障的膜电极，提高了故障排查效率，同时也减少了在逐片检测过程中膜电极二次损坏的风险，保证了燃料电池的产品质量。A method and device for judging failure of membrane electrode perforation are provided. After it is determined that the sealing performance of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity in the stack is unqualified, the hydrogen cavity is filled with hydrogen, and the air cavity is filled with air to obtain The voltage of each single cell in the stack, wherein the pressure difference between the charged hydrogen and the charged air is the set pressure difference; determine the abnormal single cell according to the voltage of each single cell; obtain each The resistance of the abnormal single cell; the single cell with membrane electrode perforation fault is determined according to the resistance of each abnormal single cell, so that the faulty membrane electrode can be accurately and quickly located without disassembling the battery, The efficiency of troubleshooting is improved, and the risk of secondary damage to the membrane electrode during the piece-by-piece detection process is also reduced, thereby ensuring the product quality of the fuel cell.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments. For those of ordinary skill, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定方法的流程示意图；1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a membrane electrode perforation fault according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2为腔体气密性测试示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the air tightness test of the cavity;
图3为电堆单电池开路电压及电阻测试示意图；FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the open-circuit voltage and resistance test of a single cell of the stack;
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定装置的示意性框图；FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a device for determining a membrane electrode perforation fault according to an embodiment of the present application;
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。The realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the purpose of the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
附图中所示的流程图仅是示例说明，不是必须包括所有的内容和操作/步骤，也不是必须按所描述的顺序执行。例如，有的操作/步骤还可以分解、组合或部分合并，因此实际执行的顺序有可能根据实际情况改变。The flowcharts shown in the figures are for illustration only, and do not necessarily include all contents and operations/steps, nor do they have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations/steps can also be decomposed, combined or partially combined, so the actual execution order may be changed according to the actual situation.
本申请实施例提供一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定方法和装置，其中，该方法可应用于计算机设备中，该计算机设备可以是笔记本电脑、台式电脑等电子设备。Embodiments of the present application provide a method and device for determining a membrane electrode perforation fault, wherein the method can be applied to computer equipment, and the computer equipment can be electronic equipment such as notebook computers and desktop computers.
下面结合附图，对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
请参照图1，图1为本申请的实施例提供的一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定方法的流程示意图。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a membrane electrode perforation fault according to an embodiment of the present application.
如图1所示，该方法包括步骤S1至步骤S4。As shown in FIG. 1 , the method includes steps S1 to S4.
步骤S1、在确定电堆中氢气腔和空气腔的密封性不合格之后，向所述氢气腔充入氢气，向所述空气腔充入空气，获取所述电堆中每个单电池的电压，其中，充入的氢气和充入的空气的气压压差为设定压差。Step S1, after it is determined that the airtightness of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity in the stack is unqualified, the hydrogen cavity is filled with hydrogen, and the air cavity is filled with air to obtain the voltage of each single cell in the stack , wherein the pressure difference between the charged hydrogen and the charged air is the set pressure difference.
一些实施例中，在确定电堆中氢气腔和空气腔的密封性不合格之前，还包括以下步骤：分别向所述电堆中的氢气腔、空气腔和水腔充入氮气，根据充入氮气的流量确定所述电堆中的各个腔体的密封性是否合格。In some embodiments, before it is determined that the airtightness of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity in the stack is unqualified, the following step is further included: charging nitrogen gas into the hydrogen cavity, the air cavity and the water cavity in the stack respectively, according to the filling The flow rate of nitrogen gas determines whether the tightness of each cavity in the stack is acceptable.
示范性的，如图2所示，封闭电堆中的氢气腔、空气腔和水腔，并同时向各个腔体中充入氮气，充入氮气的压力为第一设定压力。在气压稳定之后，观察氮气管路的气体流量计的数值，并判断充入三个腔体的氮气的总流量是否大于第一预设流量，若是，则确定电堆中的氢气腔、空气腔和水腔可能存在对外泄露，也就是腔体的对外密封性存在不合格的隐患，即电堆存在对外泄露，否则确定所述电堆对外密封合格。Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 2 , the hydrogen cavity, the air cavity and the water cavity in the stack are closed, and nitrogen gas is filled into each cavity at the same time, and the pressure of the nitrogen filling is the first set pressure. After the air pressure is stabilized, observe the value of the gas flow meter of the nitrogen pipeline, and judge whether the total flow of nitrogen charged into the three cavities is greater than the first preset flow. If so, determine the hydrogen cavity and air cavity in the stack. And the water cavity may leak to the outside, that is, there is a hidden danger of unqualified external sealing of the cavity, that is, there is external leakage of the stack, otherwise it is determined that the external sealing of the stack is qualified.
进一步的，在判断电堆的腔体的对外密封性合格后，首先对电堆的水腔进行密封性测试，具体方法为：打开氢气腔和空气腔的出气口，封闭水腔的出气口，只向水腔充入第二设定压力的氮气，在水腔的气压稳定后，观察氮气管路的气体流量计的数值，并判断充入水腔的氮气的总流量是否大于第二预设流量。若是则确定所述水腔的密封性不合格；否则说明水腔的密封性合格，并再向氢气腔充入第三设定压力的氮气，同时打开空气腔，以确定氢气腔和空气腔的密封性是否合格。Further, after judging that the external tightness of the stack cavity is qualified, the water cavity of the stack is first tested for tightness. The specific method is: open the air outlets of the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber, and close the air outlet of the water chamber. Only fill the water chamber with nitrogen at the second set pressure. After the air pressure in the water chamber is stable, observe the value of the gas flow meter of the nitrogen pipeline, and judge whether the total flow of nitrogen charged into the water chamber is greater than the second preset flow. . If so, it is determined that the airtightness of the water chamber is unqualified; otherwise, the airtightness of the water chamber is qualified, and the hydrogen chamber is filled with nitrogen at the third set pressure, and the air chamber is opened at the same time to determine the sealing performance of the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber. Whether the sealing is qualified.
进一步的，在氢气腔气压再次稳定之后，观察氮气管路的气体流量计的数值，并判断充入氢气腔的氮气的总流量是否大于第三预设流量，若是则确定氢气腔到空气腔的密封性不合格，说明有氮气从氢腔和空腔之间的膜电极串出量超出目标值，确定电堆出现了氢空互串的故障，也就是电堆中的膜电极可能出现了穿孔故障；否则确定氢气腔和空气腔的密封性合格。本申请实施例中对水腔进行密封性检测后再对空气腔和氢气腔的密封性进行检测，能够保证氢气腔和空气腔密封性检测结果的准确性。Further, after the pressure of the hydrogen chamber is stabilized again, observe the value of the gas flow meter of the nitrogen pipeline, and determine whether the total flow of nitrogen charged into the hydrogen chamber is greater than the third preset flow rate, and if so, determine the flow from the hydrogen chamber to the air chamber. The sealing performance is unqualified, indicating that the amount of nitrogen gas flowing out of the membrane electrode between the hydrogen cavity and the cavity exceeds the target value, and it is determined that the stack has a hydrogen-air string failure, that is, the membrane electrode in the stack may be perforated. Failure; otherwise, it is determined that the sealing performance of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity is qualified. In the embodiment of the present application, the airtightness of the air cavity and the hydrogen cavity is tested after the airtightness of the water cavity is tested, so as to ensure the accuracy of the detection results of the airtightness of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity.
作为一种优选的实施方式，在确定电堆中氢气腔和空气腔的密封性不合格之后，向氢气腔充入氢气，向空气腔充入空气，获取电堆中每个单电池的电压的具体步骤包括：周期性地对所述氢气腔和所述空气腔充入相应的气体，并获取每个所述单电池的电压，其中，每个周期中充入的氢气和空气之间的设定压差不同。As a preferred embodiment, after it is determined that the sealing performance of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity in the stack is unqualified, the hydrogen cavity is filled with hydrogen, and the air cavity is filled with air to obtain the voltage of each single cell in the stack. The specific steps include: periodically filling the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity with corresponding gas, and obtaining the voltage of each single cell, wherein the setting between the hydrogen and air filled in each cycle is The constant pressure difference is different.
本实施例中，一共包括3个周期，不同周期中充入的氢气和空气之间的气压差压不同，第一周期，充入的氢气和空气的压差为0，记做P0，第二周期的的压差为第二压差P1，第三周期的压差为第三压差P2，其中P0、P1和P2均不相同。通过改变压差能够使得膜电极两侧的氢空互串量变化。In this embodiment, a total of 3 cycles are included, and the pressure difference between the hydrogen and air charged in different cycles is different. In the first cycle, the pressure difference between the hydrogen and air charged is 0, denoted as P0, and the second cycle The pressure difference of the period is the second pressure difference P1, and the pressure difference of the third period is the third pressure difference P2, wherein P0, P1 and P2 are all different. By changing the pressure difference, the amount of hydrogen-air crosslinking on both sides of the membrane electrode can be changed.
具体的，如图3所示，在每个周期中，对氢气腔和空气腔充入相应的气体，并获取每个单电池的电压的具体步骤包括：通过燃料电池测试台架向电堆的水腔充入冷却水，并逐步升温至规定温度，然后按照设定的计量比向氢气腔充入加湿的氢气，向空气腔充入加湿的空气，使得充入的氢气和充入的空气的气压形成设定的压差，并在气压稳定后读取电堆的所有单电池电压(V1～Vn)。Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , in each cycle, the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity are filled with corresponding gas, and the specific steps of obtaining the voltage of each single cell include: passing the fuel cell test bench to the stack The water cavity is filled with cooling water, and the temperature is gradually raised to the specified temperature. Then, according to the set metering ratio, the hydrogen cavity is filled with humidified hydrogen, and the air cavity is filled with humidified air, so that the filled hydrogen and the filled air are in the same ratio. The air pressure forms a set differential pressure, and after the air pressure stabilizes, all cell voltages (V1~Vn) of the stack are read.
步骤S2、根据每个所述单电池的电压确定异常单电池。Step S2, determining an abnormal single cell according to the voltage of each of the single cells.
一个实施例中，在所有周期结束之后，根据每一个周期中获取到的每个所述单电池的电压确定所述异常单电池。In one embodiment, after all cycles are completed, the abnormal single cell is determined according to the voltage of each of the single cells obtained in each cycle.
另一个实施例中，在每一个周期结束之后，根据该周期中获取到的每个单电池的电压确定所述异常单电池。In another embodiment, after the end of each cycle, the abnormal single cell is determined according to the voltage of each single cell obtained in the cycle.
以一个周期结束后根据获取的单电池电压确定异常单电池为例，确定异常单电池的具体方法包括：Taking an example of determining an abnormal single cell according to the obtained single cell voltage after a cycle ends, the specific method for determining an abnormal single cell includes:
根据该周期内所有单电池的电压确定所有单电池的平均电压：Determine the average voltage of all cells from the voltages of all cells during the period:
Vmea＝V总/N，其中，Vmea为单电池的平均电压，V总为所有单电池的总电压，N为单电池的总个数。Vmea=Vtotal/N, where Vmea is the average voltage of a single cell, Vtotal is the total voltage of all single cells, and N is the total number of single cells.
确定每个单电池的电压与平均电压的电压偏离比例：Determine the ratio of the voltage deviation of each cell's voltage from the average voltage:
VS＝((V1～Vn)-Vmea)/Vmea，其中，VS为电压偏离比例。VS=((V1˜Vn)−Vmea)/Vmea, where VS is the voltage deviation ratio.
确定电压偏离比例大于预设的第一阈值的单电池为异常电池，本申请实施例中第一阈值为20％。也就是若电压偏离比例VS大于20％，则确定该单电池为异常电池可能出现穿孔故障，若电压偏离比例VS小于等于20％，则确定该单电池无异常。It is determined that a single battery whose voltage deviation ratio is greater than a preset first threshold is an abnormal battery, and the first threshold is 20% in the embodiment of the present application. That is, if the voltage deviation ratio V S is greater than 20%, it is determined that the single cell is abnormal and a perforation failure may occur. If the voltage deviation ratio V S is less than or equal to 20%, it is determined that the single cell is not abnormal.
一些实施例中，三个周期则重复三次上述步骤，分别获得P0、P1和P2条件下的异常单电池。In some embodiments, the above steps are repeated three times in three cycles to obtain abnormal single cells under the conditions of P0, P1 and P2, respectively.
值得说明的是，本申请实施例确定异常单电池的原理为：根据燃料电池工作特性，如果电堆膜电极破损或穿孔会造成氢气与空气互串，则在双极板的氢气腔中的氢气会渗漏到空气腔，渗漏后一方会面造成氢气腔氢气计量比下降，另一方面空气侧多了未经质子交换膜分离的氢气直接影响空气侧氧化反应，最终导致电池电动势下降，影响发电能力。因此可以根据单电池的电压初步判断出可能存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池，标记为异常电池。It is worth noting that the principle for determining the abnormal single cell in the embodiment of the present application is: according to the working characteristics of the fuel cell, if the membrane electrode of the stack is damaged or perforated, the hydrogen gas and the air will be intertwined, and the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen cavity of the bipolar plate will It will leak into the air cavity. After leakage, on the one hand, the hydrogen metering ratio of the hydrogen cavity will decrease. On the other hand, there is more hydrogen on the air side that has not been separated by the proton exchange membrane, which directly affects the oxidation reaction on the air side, which eventually leads to a decrease in the electromotive force of the battery, which affects power generation. ability. Therefore, it can be preliminarily determined based on the voltage of the single cell that the single cell that may have a membrane electrode perforation fault is marked as an abnormal cell.
步骤S3、获取每个所述异常单电池的电阻。Step S3, obtaining the resistance of each of the abnormal single cells.
步骤S4、根据每个所述异常单电池的电阻确定存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池。Step S4 , determining a single cell with membrane electrode perforation failure according to the resistance of each abnormal single cell.
具体的，在电堆发电完成后对电堆的腔体进行氮气吹扫，并对电堆中每个异常单电池(也就是三个周期中确定出的所有的异常单电池)进行电阻测试，以获取每个异常单电池的电阻(R1～Rn)。然后根据电堆中所有单电池的总电阻计算每个单电池的平均电阻：Rmea＝R总/N，其中，Rmea为单电池的平均电阻，R总为电堆中所有单电池总电阻，N为单电池的总个数。Specifically, after the power generation of the stack is completed, the cavity of the stack is purged with nitrogen, and each abnormal single cell in the stack (that is, all the abnormal single cells determined in the three cycles) is subjected to a resistance test. to obtain the resistances (R 1 to R n ) of each abnormal single cell. Then calculate the average resistance of each single cell according to the total resistance of all single cells in the stack: R mea = R total / N, where R mea is the average resistance of the single cell, and R total is the total resistance of all single cells in the stack , N is the total number of single cells.
确定每个所述异常单电池的电阻与所述平均电阻的电阻偏离比例：Determine the ratio of the resistance deviation of each of the abnormal cells to the average resistance:
RS＝((R1～Rn)-Rmea)/Rmea,，其中，RS为电阻偏离比例。R S =((R 1 -R n )-R mea )/R mea , where R S is the resistance deviation ratio.
确定电阻偏离比例大于预设的第二阈值的异常单电池为存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池。本实施例中第二阈值为20％，也就是若电阻偏离比例RS大于20％，则确定该异常单电池为存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池，若电阻偏离比例RS小于等于20％，则确定该异常单电池无异常。It is determined that an abnormal single cell whose resistance deviation ratio is greater than a preset second threshold is a single cell with a membrane electrode perforation fault. In this embodiment, the second threshold is 20%, that is, if the resistance deviation ratio R S is greater than 20%, it is determined that the abnormal single cell is a single cell with membrane electrode perforation failure. If the resistance deviation ratio R S is less than or equal to 20%, Then it is determined that the abnormal single battery is not abnormal.
值得说明的是，本实施例中根据异常单电池的电阻存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池的原理为：根据阻抗特性，当膜电极破损或穿孔后，相邻膜电极两边的双极板之间存在点接触、或者局部接触，会改变相邻双极板的阻抗特性，一般电阻会变小。因此当一个单电池的电压存在异常时，判断单电池可能出现穿孔故障，标记为异常单电池，当标异常单电池的电阻也存在故障时，即可确定该异常单电池为存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池。It should be noted that the principle of the single cell with membrane electrode perforation fault according to the resistance of the abnormal single cell in this embodiment is: according to the impedance characteristics, when the membrane electrode is damaged or perforated, the gap between the bipolar plates on both sides of the adjacent membrane electrode is The existence of point contact or local contact will change the impedance characteristics of the adjacent bipolar plates, and generally the resistance will become smaller. Therefore, when the voltage of a single cell is abnormal, it is judged that the single cell may have a perforation fault and is marked as an abnormal single cell. When the resistance of the abnormal single cell is also faulty, it can be determined that the abnormal single cell has a membrane electrode perforation fault. of single battery.
示范性的，在确定存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池后，可以有针对性的对存在穿孔故障的单电池进行拆解，然后更换有故障的膜电极，从而解决故障。Exemplarily, after determining the single cell with membrane electrode perforation failure, the single cell with perforation failure can be disassembled in a targeted manner, and then the faulty membrane electrode can be replaced, so as to solve the failure.
本发明主要是根据燃料电池膜电极的物理、电化学特性将燃料电池密封性检测同燃料电池开路电压测试及双极板电阻测试相结合，形成一种新的故障排查方法，解决实际生产测试难题。燃料电池在装配下线后，首先进行密封性检测，若氢空互串泄漏量在标准范围内，则说明该电堆膜电极密封合格。若氢空互串泄漏量超出标准值，则说明膜电极密封不合格，存在破裂、穿孔问题。下一步将电堆进行开路电压测试，氢气腔与空气腔进气压力分别进行0压差P0、P1压差、P2压差，根据3种测试状态，通过改变压差使膜电极两侧的氢空互串量变化，记录下开路电压异常的单电池序号；下一步将开路电压异常的单电池和电堆正负极两端行电阻测试，电压和电阻值偏离平均值20％，则确定为异常。记录测试数据。最后结合燃料电池开路电压测试结果和单电池电阻测试结果，进行综合分析,二者均异常的确定为膜电极故障片数。根据结果针对性更换电堆故障膜电极。采用本申请的膜电极穿孔故障判定方法能够在不拆解电池的情况下也能够准确快速的定位出现故障的膜电极，提高了故障排查效率，同时也减少了在逐片检测过程中膜电极二次损坏的风险，保证了燃料电池的产品质量。According to the physical and electrochemical characteristics of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell, the present invention combines the fuel cell sealing test with the fuel cell open circuit voltage test and the bipolar plate resistance test to form a new troubleshooting method and solve the practical production test problem. . After the fuel cell is assembled and rolled off the assembly line, the tightness test is first carried out. If the leakage of the hydrogen-air string is within the standard range, it means that the membrane electrode of the stack is qualified. If the leakage of hydrogen-air series exceeds the standard value, it means that the sealing of the membrane electrode is unqualified, and there are problems of rupture and perforation. The next step is to test the open circuit voltage of the stack. The inlet pressures of the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber are respectively 0 pressure difference P0, P1 pressure difference, and P2 pressure difference. According to the three test states, the hydrogen on both sides of the membrane electrode is changed by changing the pressure difference. Change the amount of empty string, and record the serial number of the single cell with abnormal open circuit voltage; in the next step, test the resistance of the single cell with abnormal open circuit voltage and the positive and negative terminals of the stack. If the voltage and resistance value deviate from the average value by 20%, then determine as abnormal. Record test data. Finally, combined with the test results of the fuel cell open circuit voltage and the single cell resistance test results, a comprehensive analysis was carried out, and both of them were abnormally determined as the number of faulty membrane electrodes. Replace the faulty membrane electrodes of the stack according to the results. The fault determination method for membrane electrode perforation of the present application can accurately and quickly locate the faulty membrane electrode without disassembling the battery, which improves the efficiency of troubleshooting and reduces the number of membrane electrodes in the process of piece-by-piece detection. The risk of secondary damage ensures the product quality of the fuel cell.
请参照图4，图4为本申请实施例提供的一种膜电极穿孔故障的判定装置的示意性框图。Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for determining a membrane electrode perforation fault according to an embodiment of the present application.
如图4所示，该装置包括：电压获取单元、异常单电池确定单元、电阻获取单元和故障确定单元。As shown in FIG. 4 , the device includes: a voltage acquisition unit, an abnormal single cell determination unit, a resistance acquisition unit, and a fault determination unit.
所述电压获取单元用于在确定电堆中氢气腔和空气腔的密封性不合格之后，向所述氢气腔充入氢气，向所述空气腔充入空气，获取所述电堆中每个单电池的电压，其中，充入的氢气和充入的空气的气压压差为设定压差；The voltage acquisition unit is configured to, after it is determined that the airtightness of the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity in the stack is unqualified, fill the hydrogen cavity with hydrogen, fill the air cavity with air, and obtain each of the stacks. The voltage of the single cell, wherein the pressure difference between the charged hydrogen and the charged air is the set pressure difference;
所述异常单电池确定单元用于根据每个所述单电池的电压确定异常单电池；The abnormal single cell determination unit is configured to determine an abnormal single cell according to the voltage of each of the single cells;
所述电阻获取单元用于获取每个所述异常单电池的电阻；The resistance acquisition unit is used for acquiring the resistance of each abnormal single cell;
所述故障确定单元用于根据每个所述异常单电池的电阻确定存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池。The failure determination unit is configured to determine a single cell with a membrane electrode perforation failure according to the resistance of each of the abnormal single cells.
其中，所述电压获取单元还用于周期性地对所述氢气腔和所述空气腔充入相应的气体，并获取每个所述单电池的电压，其中，每个周期中充入的不同气体的所述设定压差不同，其中，所述周期的次数为3次。Wherein, the voltage acquisition unit is further configured to periodically charge the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity with corresponding gas, and obtain the voltage of each single cell, wherein the charged gas in each cycle is different The set pressure difference of the gas is different, and the number of the cycle is 3 times.
其中，所述电压获取单元还用于按照该周期中的设定压差向所述氢气腔充入加湿氢气，向所述空气腔充入加湿空气；Wherein, the voltage obtaining unit is further configured to charge the hydrogen chamber with humidified hydrogen according to the set pressure difference in the cycle, and charge the air chamber with humidified air;
在所述氢气腔和所述空气腔的气压稳定后，获取每个所述单电池的电压。After the gas pressures of the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber are stabilized, the voltage of each of the single cells is obtained.
其中，所述异常单电池确定单元还用于：Wherein, the abnormal single battery determination unit is also used for:
在所有周期结束之后，根据每一个周期中获取到的每个所述单电池的电压确定所述异常单电池；或者，After all cycles are completed, the abnormal single cell is determined according to the voltage of each of the single cells obtained in each cycle; or,
在每一个周期结束之后，根据该周期中获取到的每个所述单电池的电压确定所述异常单电池。After the end of each cycle, the abnormal single cell is determined according to the voltage of each of the single cells obtained in the cycle.
其中，所述异常单电池确定单元还用于：Wherein, the abnormal single battery determination unit is also used for:
确定所有所述单电池的平均电压；determining the average voltage of all said cells;
确定每个所述单电池的电压与所述平均电压的电压偏离比例；determining the voltage deviation ratio of the voltage of each of the single cells from the average voltage;
确定所述电压偏离比例大于预设的第一阈值的单电池为所述异常单电池；determining that the single cell whose voltage deviation ratio is greater than the preset first threshold is the abnormal single cell;
所述故障确定单元还用于：确定所有所述单电池的平均电阻；The fault determination unit is further configured to: determine the average resistance of all the single cells;
确定每个所述异常单电池的电阻与所述平均电阻的电阻偏离比例；determining the ratio of the resistance deviation of each of the abnormal cells to the resistance deviation of the average resistance;
确定所述电阻偏离比例大于预设的第二阈值的异常单电池为存在膜电极穿孔故障的单电池。It is determined that the abnormal single cell whose resistance deviation ratio is greater than the preset second threshold is a single cell with membrane electrode perforation failure.
其中，该装置还用于：同时向所述电堆中的氢气腔、空气腔和水腔充入氮气，根据充入氮气的流量确定所述电堆中的各个腔体的对外密封性是否合格。Wherein, the device is also used for: charging nitrogen gas into the hydrogen cavity, air cavity and water cavity in the stack at the same time, and determining whether the external sealing performance of each cavity in the stack is qualified according to the flow rate of the charged nitrogen .
其中，该装置还用于：封闭所述电堆中的氢气腔、空气腔和水腔出口，并同时向各个腔体进口分别充入第一设定压力的氮气；Wherein, the device is also used for: closing the outlet of the hydrogen cavity, the air cavity and the water cavity in the stack, and simultaneously filling the inlets of the respective cavities with nitrogen at the first set pressure;
在气压稳定之后，判断充入氮气的总流量是否大于第一预设流量，若是，则确定所述电堆中的腔体的对外密封性存在不合格的隐患，否则确定所述电堆中的腔体的对外密封性合格，即所述电堆不存在外部泄露。After the air pressure is stabilized, it is judged whether the total flow rate of the charged nitrogen gas is greater than the first preset flow rate. The external sealing of the cavity is qualified, that is, the stack has no external leakage.
其中，该装置还用于：Among them, the device is also used for:
先向所述水腔充入第二设定压力的氮气；First fill the water cavity with nitrogen at the second set pressure;
在所述水腔的气压稳定后，判断充入氮气的总流量是否大于第二预设流量，若是，则确定所述水腔的密封性不合格，否则再向所述氢气腔充入第三设定压力的氮气，同时打开空气腔出口；After the air pressure of the water cavity is stabilized, it is determined whether the total flow rate of nitrogen gas is greater than the second preset flow rate. If so, it is determined that the sealing performance of the water cavity is unqualified. Set the pressure of nitrogen, and open the air cavity outlet at the same time;
在所述氢气腔的气压稳定后，判断充入氮气的总流量是否大于第三预设流量，若是，则确定所述氢气腔到所述空气腔的密封性不合格，否则确定所述氢气腔到所述空气腔的密封性合格。After the air pressure of the hydrogen chamber is stable, it is judged whether the total flow rate of the charged nitrogen gas is greater than the third preset flow rate. The tightness to the air cavity is acceptable.
需要说明的是，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的装置和各模块及单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。It should be noted that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of the description, for the specific working process of the above-described device and each module and unit, reference may be made to the corresponding process in the foregoing embodiments, and no Repeat.
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者系统不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者系统所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者系统中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that, herein, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or system comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, It also includes other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or system. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or system that includes the element.
上述本申请实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application are only for description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments. The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of various equivalents within the technical scope disclosed in the present application. Modifications or substitutions shall be covered by the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
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