CN115165330B - Three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bed for hinging device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bed of a hinging device, which comprises a loading actuator, a portal frame and a workbench; the workbench is provided with a portal frame; the top of the vertical loading beam is connected with a vertical loading actuator; the vertical loading actuator is connected with one end of the hinged test piece through a vertical loading connecting plate. The top of the fixed base is provided with a plurality of grooves which are transversely arranged in parallel, and the rolling rod at the bottom layer is arranged between the fixed base and the transverse rolling seat; the rolling rod on the top layer is arranged between the transverse rolling seat and the longitudinal rolling seat; the top of the longitudinal rolling seat is connected with the other end of the hinged test piece. The device can be used for static strength and fatigue test of the tramcar hinging device, the test bed can ensure safe and easy operation of test, can ensure accurate loading and ensure test quality, and can also be used for three-direction decoupling loading of other elastic elements and combined devices, and has extremely strong universality.

Description

Articulated device three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of vehicle engineering tests, relates to research on vehicle parts detection technology, and in particular to a three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for an articulated device.

Background Art

The articulated device is an important part of the articulated tram. It is located between each carriage module of a train, connecting adjacent modules together and also playing a supporting role. Its quality affects the running safety of the tram. Therefore, the strength and life test of the articulated device is particularly important.

At present, the detection technology of articulated devices is not yet mature, and there is no special product standard. Most of them adopt the strength calculation requirements in EN12663-1:2010 "Railway Applications-Structural Requirements for Railway Vehicle Body". At the same time, they bear longitudinal, transverse and vertical tensile and compressive loads. The articulated device is a non-rigid component, and the spherical bearing in the middle can achieve a smooth transition when the vehicle passes through curves and vertical curves. At present, the strength test of articulated devices mostly uses actuators to apply loads in each direction separately through rigid tooling. This test method has the phenomenon of load interference in fatigue tests, and cannot achieve independent coordinated loading in three directions, resulting in the test results cannot accurately simulate the actual stress conditions of the hinge. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a set of multi-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading devices to meet the needs of multi-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading of articulated devices.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for an articulated device, which is used for static strength and fatigue tests of tram articulated devices. The test bench can ensure the safety and ease of operation of the test, and can ensure accurate loading and test quality. The test bench can also be used for three-directional decoupled loading of other elastic elements and combined devices, and has extremely strong versatility.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

The articulated device three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench comprises a loading actuator, a gantry 16 and a workbench 17 ; the loading actuator comprises a transverse loading actuator 12 , a longitudinal loading actuator 13 and a vertical loading actuator 14 .

The workbench 17 is provided with a gantry 16; the support base 1 is the bottom structure of the workbench 17; the columns 2 are vertically installed and fastened along the four sides of the support base 1; the vertical loading beam 3 is installed on the column 2 through clearance fit; the top of the vertical loading beam 3 is connected with a vertical loading actuator 14; the vertical loading actuator 14 is connected to one end of the articulated specimen 15 through a vertical loading connecting plate 19. The vertical loading actuator 14 applies a vertical load to the articulated specimen 15 through the vertical loading connecting plate 19.

The center of the support base 1 is fixed with a fixed base 6 by bolts, and the top of the fixed base 6 is provided with a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel horizontally, and the bottom of the horizontal rolling seat 8 is a plane structure, and the bottom rolling rod 7 is placed between the top groove of the fixed base 6 and the horizontal rolling seat 8; the top of the horizontal rolling seat 8 is provided with a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel vertically, and the top rolling rod 7 is placed between the top groove of the horizontal rolling seat 8 and the vertical rolling seat 10; the top of the vertical rolling seat 10 is connected to the other end of the hinged specimen 15. The bottom rolling rod 7 is arranged horizontally. The top rolling rod 7 is arranged vertically.

Furthermore, there is a sliding fit between the side of the fixed base 6 and the side of the transverse rolling seat 8 , and between the side of the transverse rolling seat 8 and the side of the longitudinal rolling seat 10 .

Furthermore, the outer side of the transverse rolling seat 8 is welded to one end of the transverse loading seat 9, and the other end of the transverse loading seat 9 is connected to the transverse loading actuator 12 for transverse loading, and the transverse loading actuator 12 is fixed to one side of the gantry 16, and the gantry 16 provides a transverse support reaction force for the transverse loading actuator 12. The transverse loading actuator 12 applies a transverse actuating force to the transverse loading seat 9, and the side of the transverse rolling seat 8 slides with the side of the fixed base 6, and the bottom surface of the transverse rolling seat 8 slides along the roller 7 of the bottom layer, so as to realize transverse loading.

Furthermore, the outer side of the longitudinal rolling seat 10 is welded to the longitudinal loading seat 11, and the longitudinal loading seat 11 is connected to the longitudinal loading actuator 13 for longitudinal loading, and the longitudinal loading actuator 13 is fixed to one side of the support reaction seat 18, and the support reaction seat 18 provides a longitudinal support reaction force for the longitudinal loading seat 11; the support reaction seat 18 is fixed on the workbench 17. The longitudinal loading seat 11 applies a longitudinal actuating force to the longitudinal rolling seat 10, and the side of the longitudinal rolling seat 10 slides with the side of the transverse rolling seat 8, and the bottom surface of the longitudinal rolling seat 10 slides along the roller 7 of the top layer to achieve longitudinal loading.

Furthermore, the longitudinal rolling seat 10 and the vertical loading connecting plate 19 are both connected to the hinged specimen 15 using a T-slot structure.

Furthermore, the support base 1, the column 2, the vertical loading beam 3 and the top plate 5 are connected to form a support frame and a vertical loading structure of the test bench.

Furthermore, the vertical loading beam 3 and the column 2 are clearance-fitted, and fixed rollers 4 are installed between the upper and lower sides of the vertical loading beam 3 and each column 2; a rolling connection is adopted to eliminate sliding friction and avoid tooling wear caused by direct contact between the vertical loading beam 3 and the column 2.

Furthermore, the top plate 5 is bolted to the top of the column 2. The top plate 5 is placed on the top of the column 2 to limit the position, and the vertical loading beam 3 has sufficient space to ensure the installation space of different types of articulated test pieces 15 or other locomotive vehicle components.

Furthermore, the loading actuator is controlled by a hydraulic servo system.

The present invention adopts a hydraulic servo control system. The actuators are provided with rotating heads at both ends to achieve small swings, thereby realizing coordinated loading control in three directions. Displacement limits are set for each actuator in the control system to avoid damage to equipment and samples due to special circumstances.

In summary, the present invention has a simple structure and can be disassembled and assembled by replacing only a few press-fit connection plates, which greatly saves test costs and improves test efficiency. Sample replacement and disassembly are simple, the test operation is simple, and it can simulate the actual stress conditions of the hinged device. The rolling connection loading method is adopted to avoid energy loss and equipment loss caused by sliding friction and collision. The three-way coordinated loading ensures that the load is truly transferred to the hinged device, ensuring accurate evaluation of the fatigue life of the specimen and timely discovery of structural and process defects. The application effect is good in the actual test process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are a part of the specification of the present invention, which illustrate embodiments of the present invention. The accompanying drawings and the specification together are used to explain the principle of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a loading test framework of the present invention;

Description of reference numerals:

1-support base, 2-column, 3-vertical loading beam, 4-fixed roller, 5-top plate, 6-fixed base, 7-roller, 8-lateral rolling seat, 9-lateral loading seat, 10-longitudinal rolling seat, 11-longitudinal loading seat, 12-lateral loading actuator, 13-longitudinal loading actuator, 14-vertical loading actuator, 15-hinged specimen, 16-gantry, 17-workbench, 18-reaction seat, 19-vertical loading connecting plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

In conjunction with Figures 1-2, the present invention proposes a three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for an articulated device, which includes a loading actuator, a gantry 16 and a workbench 17; the loading actuator includes a lateral loading actuator 12, a longitudinal loading actuator 13 and a vertical loading actuator 14.

The workbench 17 is the overall supporting structure of the test bench; a gantry 16 is provided on the workbench 17; a support base 1 is the bottom structure of the workbench 17, and the support base 1 is fastened to the workbench 17 by bolts; there are four columns 2, and the columns 2 are vertically installed and fastened along the four sides of the support base 1, and the vertical loading beam 3 is installed on the column 2 by clearance fit; and a top plate 5 is installed on the top of the column 2 by bolts.

Furthermore, the support base 1, the column 2, the vertical loading beam 3 and the top plate 5 are connected to form a test bench frame.

Furthermore, the vertical loading beam 3 and the column 2 are clearance-fitted, and eight fixed rollers 4 are installed between the upper and lower sides of the vertical loading beam 3 and each column 2; the rolling connection method is adopted to eliminate sliding friction and avoid tooling wear caused by direct contact between the vertical loading beam 3 and the column 2.

The top of the vertical loading beam 3 is connected to a vertical loading actuator 14, and the vertical loading beam 3 vertically loads the vertical loading actuator 14. The vertical loading actuator 14 is connected to one end of the hinged specimen 15 through a vertical loading connecting plate 19. The vertical loading actuator 14 applies a vertical load to the hinged specimen 15 through the vertical loading connecting plate 19.

The top plate 5 is placed on the top of the column 2 to play a limiting role. The top plate 5 is 1600 mm away from the supporting base 1. The vertical loading beam 3 has sufficient movable space to ensure the installation space of articulated test pieces 15 of different models and categories or other locomotive vehicle components.

The center of the support base 1 is fixed with a fixed base 6 by bolts. The fixed base 6 is provided with a plurality of grooves with a depth of 19 mm arranged in parallel. The bottom roller 7 with a diameter of 20 mm is placed in the 19 mm groove along the transverse rolling direction. The side of the transverse rolling seat 8 is inserted into the side plate of the fixed base 6 (the transverse rolling seat 8 and the side of the fixed base 6 are connected in a plug-in manner, that is, the side plate of the fixed base 6 and the side of the transverse rolling seat 8 are in a sliding fit). At the same time, the bottom of the transverse rolling seat 8 is placed on the bottom roller 7. There is no contact between the bottom of the transverse rolling seat 8 and the top of the fixed base 6. The bottom roller 7 plays a limiting role in longitudinal loading and eliminates transverse sliding friction. The outer side of the transverse rolling seat 8 is welded to one end of the transverse loading seat 9. The other end of the transverse loading seat 9 is connected to the transverse loading actuator 12 for transverse loading. The transverse loading actuator 12 is fixed to one side of the gantry 16, and the gantry 16 provides a transverse support reaction force for the transverse loading actuator 12.

The top of the transverse rolling seat 8 adopts a longitudinally arranged groove structure of the same size as the fixed base 6, and a roller 7 with a diameter of 20 mm is placed in the longitudinally arranged groove along the longitudinal direction; the side plate of the transverse rolling seat 8 and the side of the longitudinal rolling seat 10 are slidingly matched, and there is no contact between the bottom of the longitudinal rolling seat 10 and the top of the transverse rolling seat 8. The rollers 7 arranged on the top layer in the longitudinal direction eliminate longitudinal sliding friction; the ends of the rollers 7 arranged on the top layer in the longitudinal direction are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal rolling seat 10, and the outer side of the longitudinal rolling seat 10 is welded to the longitudinal loading seat 11. The longitudinal loading seat 11 and one end of the longitudinal loading actuator 13 are connected by M16 bolts to realize longitudinal loading, and the other end of the longitudinal loading actuator 13 is fixed on the support reaction seat 18, and the support reaction seat 18 is used to provide longitudinal support reaction force; the support reaction seat 18 is fixed on the workbench 17. The top of the longitudinal rolling seat 10 is connected to the other end of the hinged specimen 15.

The longitudinal rolling seat 10 and the vertical loading connecting plate 19 are both connected to the articulated specimen 15 by a T-slot structure. This structure is not restricted by the model connection port of the articulated specimen 15. The test bench and the specimen can be disassembled and assembled only by bolts and connecting pressure plates, saving test costs. The vertical loading connecting plate 19 is fixed to the bottom of the vertical loading beam 3 by M24 bolts to transmit the vertical load. One end of the vertical loading actuator 14 is fixed to the top beam of the gantry 16. A 500mm long cylinder telescopic structure is used to ensure the installation and loading of specimens of different sizes.

When using this loading device, first adjust the cylinder extension of the vertical loading actuator 14 according to the height of the articulated specimen 15, and adjust the distance between the longitudinal rolling seat 10 and the vertical loading connecting plate 19; the articulated specimen 15 is placed vertically in the center of the two T-slot connecting plates of the test bench and fastened by bolts and the pressure plate connecting plate. This test device does not need to change the position of the loading actuator, and only needs to adjust the height of the vertical cylinder to realize the disassembly and assembly of the specimen. The two ends of the loading actuator adopt a spherical hinge structure, and the loading device adopts a rolling connection to eliminate sliding friction to achieve vertical, lateral and longitudinal coordinated loading. Load decoupling ensures that the test load is accurately transmitted to the specimen. This test device can be applied to three-way loading of articulated devices or other locomotive and vehicle parts of different models and specifications. Only a few press-fit connecting plates need to be replaced to realize the disassembly and assembly of the specimen, without the need for special tooling. This design greatly saves test costs, manpower and operation time, which is beneficial to the economic benefits of the enterprise. During the test, the load frequency is 1 to 2 Hz to ensure that the load can be applied to the articulated specimen 15 slowly and evenly. During the test, the limit values of the test load and displacement value of the control system are set to prevent excessive feedback due to excessive oil pressure and to prevent damage to the articulated specimen 15 and the test equipment due to power outages or loss of control of the test equipment.

The functions of the three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for articulated devices meet the standard requirements. The designed three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench can realize a three-way decoupled loading method to ensure that the load can be evenly and accurately transmitted to the test piece. The longitudinal rolling seat 10 and the vertical loading connecting plate 19 connected to the test piece both adopt a T-slot structure, which can meet the requirements of the articulated test piece 15. The articulated test piece 15 can be disassembled and assembled only by bolts or a few connecting pressure plates, without the need for special tooling. A hydraulic servo system is used to implement limit settings on the actuator to ensure that the test samples and equipment are not damaged due to unexpected conditions. The test system is easy to operate, quick to disassemble and assemble, and accurate loading. This test bench can be used for different types of articulated devices, and can also be used for strength tests of other locomotive and vehicle components, and has wide versatility.

Claims (6)

1. An articulated device three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench, characterized in that it comprises a loading actuator, a gantry and a workbench; the loading actuator comprises a lateral loading actuator, a longitudinal loading actuator and a vertical loading actuator; The workbench is provided with a gantry; the support base is the bottom structure of the workbench; the columns are vertically installed and fastened along the four sides of the support base; the vertical loading beam is installed on the column through clearance fit; the top of the vertical loading beam is connected with a vertical loading actuator; the vertical loading actuator is connected to one end of the hinged specimen through a vertical loading connecting plate; A fixed base is fixedly installed in the center of the support base by bolts, a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel transversely are provided on the top of the fixed base, the bottom of the transverse rolling seat is a plane structure, and the rolling rod of the bottom layer is placed between the top groove of the fixed base and the transverse rolling seat; a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel longitudinally are provided on the top of the transverse rolling seat, and the rolling rod of the top layer is placed between the top groove of the transverse rolling seat and the longitudinal rolling seat; the top of the longitudinal rolling seat is connected to the other end of the hinged specimen; the rolling rod of the bottom layer is arranged transversely; the rolling rod of the top layer is arranged longitudinally; There is a sliding fit between the side of the fixed base and the side of the transverse rolling seat, and between the side of the transverse rolling seat and the side of the longitudinal rolling seat; The outer side of the transverse rolling seat is welded to one end of the transverse loading seat, and the other end of the transverse loading seat is connected to the transverse loading actuator for transverse loading. The transverse loading actuator is fixed to one side of the gantry, and the gantry provides a transverse support reaction force for the transverse loading actuator. The outer side of the longitudinal rolling seat is welded to the longitudinal loading seat, and the longitudinal loading seat is connected to the longitudinal loading actuator for longitudinal loading. The longitudinal loading actuator is fixed to one side of the support reaction seat, and the support reaction seat provides longitudinal support reaction force for the longitudinal loading seat; the support reaction seat is fixed on the workbench. 2. The three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for articulated devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that the longitudinal rolling seat and the vertical loading connecting plate are both connected to the articulated specimen using a T-slot structure. 3. The three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for articulated devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that the support base, columns, vertical loading beams and top plates are connected to form a support frame and a vertical loading structure of the test bench. 4. The three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for an articulated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the vertical loading beam and the column are clearance-fitted, and fixed rollers are installed between the upper and lower sides of the vertical loading beam and each column. 5. The three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for an articulated device according to claim 1, characterized in that the top plate is mounted on the top of the column by bolts. 6. The three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading test bench for an articulated device according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading actuator is controlled by a hydraulic servo system.