CN115157626B - Special extrusion screw for low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material - Google Patents

Special extrusion screw for low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115157626B
CN115157626B CN202210636713.1A CN202210636713A CN115157626B CN 115157626 B CN115157626 B CN 115157626B CN 202210636713 A CN202210636713 A CN 202210636713A CN 115157626 B CN115157626 B CN 115157626B
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China
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section
screw
thread
pitch
main
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CN202210636713.1A
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CN115157626A (en
Inventor
张清富
沈良华
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Anhui Prius Electrician Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
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Anhui Prius Electrician Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/535Screws with thread pitch varying along the longitudinal axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/53Screws having a varying channel depth, e.g. varying the diameter of the longitudinal screw trunk
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/62Screws characterised by the shape of the thread channel, e.g. U-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/625Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a special extrusion screw for a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material, which comprises a feeding section, a plasticizing section, a BM separating section and a homogenizing section, wherein a main thread is arranged on the special extrusion screw for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material in the whole course, and the pitch S1 of the main thread is equal to the diameter D of the screw in the feeding section; length l1=5d of the feed section; in the plasticizing section, the main flight pitch S2 is equal to the screw diameter D, the length l2=9d of the plasticizing section; at the BM split section, the main thread pitch S31 suddenly changes to 1.5D; the BM separation section is also provided with liquid phase threads, and the pitch S32 of the liquid phase threads is more than 1.5D; the outer diameter of the liquid thread is smaller than that of the main thread, and the height difference is 1 mm-1.5 mm; the length L3 of the BM section is 7D-8D; in the homogenization section, the main thread pitch S4 suddenly changes to 1D; the length L4 of the homogenizing section is 3D-4D. The invention has high extrusion stability and high production efficiency.

Description

Special extrusion screw for low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material
Technical Field
The invention relates to plastic extrusion equipment, in particular to a special extrusion screw for a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material.
Background
The low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material has gradually developed into one of main insulating and sheath materials in the wire and cable industry due to the halogen-free flame-retardant property of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material; although the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material is widely applied in the cable industry, the processing performance of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material is greatly different from that of the traditional PVC and PE materials.
In general, a base material of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin is mainly Ethylene and Vinyl Acetate (EVA), and a part of flame retardant, lubricant, crosslinking sensitive agent and the like are refilled to reduce the smoke quantity, improve the flame retardant property, improve the extrusion property, and be crosslinkable. However, the filler has a higher specific gravity, and the content of the flame retardant is up to 60-70% according to the data provided by the polymer material manufacturer and different flame retardant grades. The flame retardant is non-meltable metal hydroxide, the melt viscosity is quite high, and the shearing force generated by screw rotation is quite high in the production process. The friction between the material molecules and the screw rod is more serious than that between the material and the screw barrel, a great amount of heat can be generated, and the unqualified phenomena of mechanical property reduction, poor appearance and the like of the material are generated. This determines the special requirements of the screw and the process.
The screw is the main component of the extruder. It is directly related to the range of application and production efficiency of the extruder. The screw is in various forms to adapt to the processing requirements of different materials. Because the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant is filled with a large amount of flame retardant, the viscosity is high during extrusion, chemical bonds of the polymer are easily broken, and the tensile strength, the breaking elongation and other mechanical properties of the product are reduced. When a low-smoke halogen-free material is extruded generally, a halogen-free special screw is required, the conventional screw is basically a single-thread screw with smaller shearing force, and the compression ratio is generally about 1.1-1.5; the low-smoke halogen-free material has poor fluidity of the molten material due to the addition of a large amount of flame retardant, is easy to generate self-heating caused by high shearing, has difficult control of process temperature and has low extrusion efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the special extrusion screw for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material, which has high extrusion stability and high production efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the special extrusion screw for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material comprises a feeding section, a plasticizing section, a BM separating section and a homogenizing section, wherein the special extrusion screw for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material is provided with main threads in the whole course, and is characterized in that:
In the feed section, the main flight pitch S1 is equal to the screw diameter D; length l1=5d of the feed section;
In the plasticizing section, the main flight pitch S2 is equal to the screw diameter D, the length l2=9d of the plasticizing section;
at the BM split section, the main thread pitch S31 suddenly changes to 1.5D; the BM separation section is also provided with liquid phase threads, and the pitch S32 of the liquid phase threads is more than 1.5D; the outer diameter of the liquid-phase thread is smaller than that of the main thread, and the height difference h3 is 1 mm-1.5 mm; the length L3 of the BM section is 7D-8D;
In the homogenization section, the main thread pitch S4 suddenly changes to 1D; the length L4 of the homogenizing section is 3D-4D.
The main thread groove of the feeding section is equal in depth and has the depth of h1; and the depth of the main thread groove of the plasticizing section is gradually reduced from h1 to h2.
The inclination angle of the back thrust surface screw flight of the liquid phase screw thread section is gradually changed from alpha 1 = 15 degrees to alpha 2 = 20 degrees.
The surface of the screw edge of the liquid phase screw thread is cut with an inclined angle of alpha 3 = 20 degrees along the height direction, the starting end of the inclined angle is arranged on the middle line of the liquid phase screw thread, and the ending end of the inclined angle is arranged on one side of the homogenizing section.
According to the invention, the optimized design is carried out according to the properties of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material, so that the thrust of the screw rod to the molten material can be increased, and the shearing force and friction force of the melt are reduced, thereby reducing the problems of overlarge current and overlarge shearing heat in the extrusion process, and greatly improving the extrusion stability and production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an extrusion screw special for a low smoke halogen-free flame retardant cable material of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an expanded view of the outside diameter of the screw;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the groove depth of the screw
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 2 taken along line E-E.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings.
As can be seen from fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the special extrusion screw for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material comprises a feeding section 1, a plasticizing section 2, a BM separating section 3 and a homogenizing section 4, and a main thread 31 is arranged on the special extrusion screw for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material in the whole process.
In said feed section 1, the main flight 31 pitch S1 is equal to the screw diameter D; length l1=5d of feed section 1; the plastic feeding device has the functions that on one hand, the plastic from the hopper is fed to the compression section, and on the other hand, the plastic is preheated;
in said plasticizing section 2, the main flight pitch S2 is equal to the screw diameter D, the length l2=9d of the plasticizing section 2;
In the BM separating section 3, the pitch S31 of the main thread 31 is suddenly changed to 1.5D; the BM separation section 3 is also provided with a liquid phase thread 32, and the pitch S32 of the liquid phase thread 32 is more than 1.5D; the outer diameter of the liquid thread 32 is smaller than that of the main thread 31, and the height difference is 1 mm-1.5 mm; the length L3 of the BM section 3 is 7D-8D;
in the homogenization section 4, the main thread pitch S4 suddenly changes to 1D; the length L4 of the homogenizing section 4 is 3D to 4D.
As one embodiment, in the BM separating section 3, the pitch S31 of the main thread 31 is suddenly changed to 1.5D, and the main thread S31 of the section is equidistant in the whole course; the pitch S32 of the liquid phase thread 32 is 1.52D-1.6D, and the whole liquid phase thread is equidistant;
The main thread groove of the feeding section 1 is equal in depth and has the depth of h1; the depth of the main thread groove of the plasticizing section 2 is gradually reduced from h1 to h2.
The inclination angle of the back thrust surface screw flight of the section of the liquid thread 32 is gradually changed from alpha 1 = 15 degrees to alpha 2 = 20 degrees.
The surface of the screw ridge of the liquid-phase screw 32 is cut with an inclination angle of α3=20° in the height direction thereof, the start end of the inclination angle being disposed on the middle line of the liquid-phase screw 32, and the end being disposed on the homogenization section 4 side.
In the above structure, the pitch S1 of the main thread 31 of the feeding section 1 is equal to the screw diameter D, the length l1=5d, and the function of the screw is to send the plastic from the hopper to the compression section consisting of the plasticizing section 2 and the BM separating section 3, and to preheat the plastic.
The plasticizing section 2 is used for receiving loose materials conveyed by the feeding section 1, compacting and softening the loose materials, enabling air contained in the materials to be pressed back to the feeding section 1, improving the heat conductivity of the loose materials, enabling the materials to have proper viscosity to absorb shearing heat, enabling all the materials to be heated and mixed evenly, enabling plastics to begin to soften in the section, enabling the plastics to gradually change into a molten state from solids, enabling the plastics to become continuous viscous fluid and be conveyed to the BM separating section 3, enabling main threads of the plasticizing section 2 to be equidistant, enabling the base diameter of the main threads to gradually reduce, enabling the plastics to change into a high-elastic state from a glassy state at the beginning of the plasticizing section 2, and enabling a small amount of melt materials to be generated at the end part of the plasticizing section 2.
A BM separation section 3 is designed at the position where the molten material is just started to be formed, and the section consists of two threads with different pitches, namely a main thread 31 which works as a solid thread and a liquid thread 32 which are overlapped in a screw to form the BM separation section 3 serving as a melting section.
In the BM separating section 3, the thread groove of each main thread 31 is divided into two parts by the liquid thread 32, because the external diameter of the liquid thread is smaller than that of the solid thread, the molten film formed by solid phase fusion enters the liquid thread groove over the gap, and the unmelted solid phase remains in the solid thread groove, thus forming solid-liquid phase separation, in addition, because the thread pitch S31 of the main thread 31 is less than the thread pitch S32 of the liquid thread 32, a structure with narrower solid phase interval and wider liquid phase interval is formed in the BM separating section 3, which is suitable for the conditions that more and more liquid phases and fewer solid phases disappear.
The low-smoke halogen-free cable material has large shearing heat, poor fluidity and easy plasticization, the main thread pitch S31 of the BM separation section 3, namely the melt groove pitch, is equal to 1.5 xD and is larger than the thread pitch of the plasticization section 2, and increasing the thread pitch of the section can improve the conveying capacity, improve the extrusion amount, shorten the residence time of the material in a machine barrel and reduce the shearing heat on the one hand, and can avoid the phenomenon that the solid groove volume at the beginning part of the liquid phase thread of the BM separation section 3 is suddenly reduced to cause blockage or material shortage on the other hand.
The BM separation section 3 separates the solid phase from the liquid phase, so that low-temperature extrusion can be realized, the extrusion stability is improved, the plasticizing capacity is increased, the extrusion amount is greatly improved, and the history that low-smoke halogen-free materials cannot be extruded at high speed for many years is solved.
The whole-process thread section of the extrusion screw special for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material is trapezoidal, the thread sections of the feeding section 1, the plasticizing section 2, the BM separating section 3 and the homogenizing section 4 are provided with transition fillets R on the left side and the right side of a screw edge and a root diameter, the screw edge inclination angle of a back thrust surface of a section of the liquid-phase thread 32 is gradually changed from alpha 1 = 15 degrees to alpha 2 = 20 degrees, the flow of molten materials is facilitated, and the mixing effect and the homogenizing effect are better;
Because of the poor flowability and high shearing heat of the low smoke zero halogen material, the distal end of the screw ridge of the liquid phase screw thread 32 is cut to an inclination angle of α3=20° in the height direction thereof, the start end of the inclination angle being disposed on the middle line of the liquid phase screw thread 32, and the end being disposed on the homogenization section 4 side. Thereby narrowing the effective width of the flight of the liquid phase flight 32, which is advantageous in reducing or avoiding the generation of shear heat by the melt passing through the gap, and achieving stable extrusion.
The homogenizing section 4 is a working section with the maximum pressure generated between the screw and the machine barrel, the pressure of the working section is from the thrust of the screw, the reaction force of the screen plate and the like, is a direct zone where plastic is in short arms and is in contact, the radial pressure and the axial pressure of the plastic are the maximum at the stage, the length L4 of the homogenizing section is 3D-4D, the length is shorter, the depth of a screw groove is about 1.5 times of the common low smoke zero halogen depth, the pressure of materials can be properly reduced on the basis of meeting the compaction and densification of the molten material, the pressure fluctuation of the molten material at the section can be reduced, the molten material is controlled to avoid the phenomenon of self-heating caused by the overlarge pressure at the section, and the completely plasticized and melted plastic is extruded from a machine head die quantitatively and uniformly under constant pressure.
As one of the implementation modes, the whole length of the special extrusion screw for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material is L=1629 mm; screw diameter d=65 mm.
1. Parameters of the feed section
The length L1=325 mm of the feeding section 1, the pitch S1=65 mm of the main thread, and the whole process of the main thread of the section is equidistant; the groove depth of this section=9.2 mm.
2. Plasticizing segment parameters
Plasticizing segment 2 length l2=585 mm, main thread pitch s2=65 mm; the groove depth gradually decreases from 9.2mm to 6.5mm.
3. BM separation section parameters
BM split section 3 length l3=476 mm;
at the beginning of the section, the pitch S31 of the main thread suddenly changes to 90mm, and the whole process of the main thread of the section is equidistant;
the section is provided with liquid phase threads 32, and the pitch s32=99mm of the liquid phase threads 32;
The depth of the main thread groove of the section is 6.5mm; the outer diameter of the liquid thread 32 is smaller than that of the main thread 31, and the height difference h3 is 1 mm-1.5 mm;
in this section, the inclination angle of the back thrust surface screw edge of the section of the liquid thread 32 is gradually changed from α1=15° to α2=20°.
In this section, the surface of the screw thread 32 is cut with an inclination angle of α3=20° along the height direction thereof, the start end of the inclination angle is disposed on the middle line of the liquid thread 32, and the end is disposed on the homogenization section 4 side.
4. Homogenizing segment parameters
The length L4=228 mm of the homogenizing section 4, the main thread pitch S1 of the section is suddenly changed into 65, and the whole process is equidistant; the groove depth of this section=6.5 mm.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the present invention without departing from the spirit and the essence of the invention, but still fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a special extrusion screw of low smoke and zero halogen fire-retardant cable material, includes feeding section (1), plasticization section (2), BM separation section (3), homogenization section (4), whole journey is provided with main screw thread (31), its characterized in that on the special extrusion screw of low smoke and zero halogen fire-retardant cable material:
in said feed section (1), the main flight (31) pitch S1 is equal to the screw diameter D; the length l1=5d of the feed section (1);
in the plasticizing section (2), the main flight pitch S2 is equal to the screw diameter D, the length l2=9d of the plasticizing section (2);
in the BM separation section (3), the main thread (31) pitch S31 is abrupt to 1.5D; the BM separation section (3) is also provided with a liquid phase thread (32), and the pitch S32 of the liquid phase thread (32) is more than 1.5D; the outer diameter of the liquid thread (32) is smaller than that of the main thread (31), and the height difference is 1 mm-1.5 mm; the length L3 of the BM separation section (3) is 7D-8D;
in the homogenization section (4), the main thread pitch S4 suddenly changes to 1D; the length L4 of the homogenizing section (4) is 3D-4D;
The main thread groove of the feeding section (1) is equal in depth and has the depth of h1; the depth of the main thread groove of the plasticizing section (2) is gradually reduced from h1 to h2;
The inclination angle of the back thrust surface screw edge of the section of the liquid phase screw thread (32) is gradually changed from alpha 1 = 15 degrees to alpha 2 = 20 degrees.
2. The extrusion screw special for the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion screw is characterized in that: the surface of the screw edge of the liquid phase screw thread (32) is cut with an inclined angle of alpha 3 = 20 degrees along the height direction, the initial end of the inclined angle is arranged on the central line of the liquid phase screw thread (32), and the final end is arranged on one side of the homogenization section (4).
CN202210636713.1A 2022-06-07 2022-06-07 Special extrusion screw for low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material Active CN115157626B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210636713.1A CN115157626B (en) 2022-06-07 2022-06-07 Special extrusion screw for low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210636713.1A CN115157626B (en) 2022-06-07 2022-06-07 Special extrusion screw for low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material

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CN115157626B true CN115157626B (en) 2024-09-10

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CN106827453A (en) * 2017-01-19 2017-06-13 张家港江苏科技大学产业技术研究院 Big L/D ratio efficient high-speed single screw rod
CN217834660U (en) * 2022-06-07 2022-11-18 安徽普瑞斯电工机械有限公司 Special extrusion screw for low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material

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CN104589618A (en) * 2015-01-12 2015-05-06 安徽普瑞斯电工机械有限公司 Special two-section BM type screw rod for wire and cable extruder
CN106827453A (en) * 2017-01-19 2017-06-13 张家港江苏科技大学产业技术研究院 Big L/D ratio efficient high-speed single screw rod
CN217834660U (en) * 2022-06-07 2022-11-18 安徽普瑞斯电工机械有限公司 Special extrusion screw for low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable material

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