CN115138840A - Powder forming method - Google Patents

Powder forming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115138840A
CN115138840A CN202210717725.7A CN202210717725A CN115138840A CN 115138840 A CN115138840 A CN 115138840A CN 202210717725 A CN202210717725 A CN 202210717725A CN 115138840 A CN115138840 A CN 115138840A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
punch
powder
die plate
fixed
female die
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Granted
Application number
CN202210717725.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN115138840B (en
Inventor
王卓
孙茂
赵辉翔
祝俊松
陈惠娟
朱改新
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Shanghai Lanshi Heavy Industry Machinery Co ltd
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Shanghai Lanshi Heavy Industry Machinery Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210717725.7A priority Critical patent/CN115138840B/en
Publication of CN115138840A publication Critical patent/CN115138840A/en
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Publication of CN115138840B publication Critical patent/CN115138840B/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • B22F3/03Press-moulding apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • B22F3/04Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106Tube or ring forms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • B22F3/03Press-moulding apparatus therefor
    • B22F2003/033Press-moulding apparatus therefor with multiple punches working in the same direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a powder forming method, which comprises the steps of forming a first material cavity surrounding a lower punch by arranging an upper punch, a female die plate, a lower punch and a fixed punch which are capable of moving up and down and fixedly arranged, putting first powder into the first material cavity, and prepressing the first powder into an annular prefabricated member by the upper punch; then the lower punch is moved downwards into a second through hole in the fixed punch, so that the top surface of the lower punch is positioned below the fixed punch to form a second material cavity, second powder is filled, the prefabricated part and the second powder are compressed by the upper punch, meanwhile, the lower punch is matched with the upper punch to bidirectionally compress the second powder, meanwhile, the female die plate moves downwards to counteract the internal force generated in the process of stamping and synthesizing the two kinds of powder, the formed powder product has uniform density distribution and clear inner and outer ring boundaries.

Description

Powder forming method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy product manufacturing, in particular to a powder forming method.
Background
At present, most powder metallurgy products are formed by adopting one metal powder through a single-item or two-way stamping process, most of the powder metallurgy products adopt a forming device and die support combined structure, the metal powder is added at one time, and the powder metallurgy products are formed through one-time pressing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a powder forming method, which solves the problem that two kinds of powder cannot be punched to form a product in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a powder forming method is manufactured by using powder forming equipment, wherein the powder forming equipment comprises a base, a fixed punch vertically fixed on the base, a female die plate arranged above the base, an upper punching mechanism arranged above the female die plate, a lower punching mechanism arranged on the base and a die plate driving device used for driving the female die plate to move up and down, the female die plate is provided with a first through hole which is vertically communicated, the first through hole is sleeved on the fixed punch, the upper punching mechanism is provided with an upper punch which is opposite to the fixed punch and can move up and down, the fixed punch is provided with a second through hole which is vertically communicated, and the lower punching mechanism is provided with a lower punch which is arranged in the second through hole and can move up and down;
the powder forming comprises the following steps: s1, the die plate driving device moves the female die plate from an initial position to a position where the top surface of the female die plate is higher than the top surface L of the fixed punch; a lower punching oil cylinder of the lower punching mechanism drives the lower punch to be flush with the female die plate to form a first material cavity surrounding the lower punch;
s2, filling first powder into the first material cavity, driving the upper punch to descend by an upper punch cylinder of the upper punch mechanism to pre-press the first powder in the first material cavity, and synchronously descending the lower punch during pre-pressing to compress the first powder to form a prefabricated part with the height of L1;
s3, the lower punch oil cylinder drives the lower punch to move downwards until the top surface of the lower punch is lower than the top surface L2 of the fixed punch to form a second material cavity above the top surface of the lower punch,
s4, filling second powder into the second material cavity, driving the upper punch to move downwards to compress the prefabricated part and the second powder through the upper punch, driving the lower punch to compress the second powder upwards through the lower punch, and driving the female die plate to move downwards through the die plate driving device until the two kinds of powder are punched to form a powder product with the height of L3.
As a further scheme of the invention: and S5, after the powder product is molded, driving the female die plate to move downwards by the driving device, so that the top surface of the female die plate is not higher than that of the fixed punch, and demolding of the powder product is realized.
As a further scheme of the invention: the die plate driving device is characterized in that a guide upright post is fixed on the base, the female die plate is movably arranged on the guide upright post, and the female die plate is driven by the die plate driving device to move up and down along the guide upright post.
As a further scheme of the invention: the upper punching mechanism comprises an upper punching oil cylinder fixed on the upper cross beam, a movable beam arranged on the end of a piston rod of the upper punching oil cylinder and an upper punch fixed on the movable beam, wherein the movable beam is movably arranged on the guide stand, and the upper punching oil cylinder drives the lower edge to move up and down the guide stand.
As a further scheme of the invention: the first through hole and the second through hole are round holes, and the fixed punch and the lower punch are cylinders.
As a further scheme of the invention: the second through hole is located at the center of the stationary punch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of forming a first material cavity surrounding a lower punch by arranging an upper punch, a female die plate, the lower punch and a fixed punch which are capable of moving up and down, placing first powder into the first material cavity, and prepressing the first powder into an annular prefabricated member through the upper punch; and the lower punch is moved downwards into a second through hole in the fixed punch, so that the top surface of the lower punch is positioned below the fixed punch to form a second material cavity, second powder is filled, the prefabricated part and the second powder are compressed by the upper punch, the lower punch is matched with the upper punch to enable the second powder to be compressed bidirectionally, and meanwhile, the female die plate moves downwards to offset the internal force generated in the process of stamping and synthesizing the two powders, so that the formed powder product has uniform density distribution and clear inner and outer ring limits.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the overall construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first material chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the first powder filled in the first material chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the pre-compacted powder of the first powder state of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second material chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the second powder filled in the second cavity according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a powder article of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view showing a mold-released state of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a powder forming method, which is manufactured by using powder forming equipment, and as shown in figure 1-2, the powder forming equipment comprises a base 1, a fixed punch 2, a template driving device 3, an upper punching mechanism, a lower punching mechanism and a female template 4, wherein the fixed punch 2 and the template driving device 3 are fixedly arranged on the top surface of the base 1, and the template driving device 3 adopts a hydraulic oil cylinder with a jacking function. The two template driving devices 3 are arranged, and the two template driving devices 3 are respectively arranged on two sides of the fixed punch 2 symmetrically, so that the moving stability of the female template 4 is ensured. The female die plate 4 is arranged on the end of a piston rod of the die plate driving device 3, and the die plate driving device 3 drives the female die plate 4 to move up and down. The center of the female die plate 4 is provided with a first through hole 41 which is vertically arranged in a penetrating way, the first through hole 41 is sleeved on the fixed punch 2, and the die plate driving device 3 can drive the female die plate 4 to slide up and down along the fixed punch 2 to form a first material cavity in the first through hole 41.
Be fixed with guide post 5 on the base 1, be provided with on the negative template 4 with guide post 5 complex guiding hole, negative template 4 through the guiding hole cup joint on guide post 5 with 5 swing joint of guide post 4 follows under template drive arrangement 3's the drive negative template 4 up-and-down motion of guide post, further improve the stability that negative template 4 removed. In this embodiment, the guide columns 5 are four and arranged in an array.
The fixed punch 2 is provided with a second through hole which is vertically arranged in a penetrating manner, the lower punching mechanism comprises a lower punching oil cylinder 62 arranged in the installation cavity of the base 1 and a lower punch 61 arranged in the second through hole 21, and the lower punching oil cylinder 62 drives the lower punch 61 to move up and down in the second through hole 21 so as to form a second material cavity which is described in the following and perform bidirectional punching on second powder filled in the second material cavity by matching with an upper punch 71 of the upper punching mechanism.
The top end of the guide upright post 5 is supported and fixed with an upper crossbeam 8, an upper punching mechanism is arranged above the female die plate and comprises an upper punching oil cylinder 72 fixed on the upper crossbeam, a movable beam 9 arranged on the end of a piston rod of the upper punching oil cylinder 72 and an upper punch 71 fixed on the movable beam 9, a guide hole matched with the guide upright post 5 is arranged on the movable beam 9, the movable beam 9 is sleeved on the guide upright post 5 through the guide hole and movably connected with the guide upright post 5, and the movable beam 9 moves up and down along the guide upright post 5 under the driving of the upper punching oil cylinder 72 to drive the upper punch 71 to perform punching operation. In this embodiment, the movable beam sleeve 9 and the female die plate 4 are sleeved on the guide upright post 5, so that the coaxiality among the upper punch 71, the fixed punch 2 and the lower punch 61 is ensured, and the stability during punching is improved.
In the present embodiment, the first through-hole 41 and the second through-hole 21 are provided as circular holes, and the fixed punch 2 and the lower punch 61 are provided as cylindrical bodies, so that the inner and outer ring powder products having uniform density can be manufactured. Further, a second through hole 21 is located at the center of the fixed punch 2.
The powder forming equipment can be used for manufacturing powder products with well-defined inner and outer rings formed by stamping two different types of powder, and the specific operation of the powder forming equipment for manufacturing the powder products comprises the following steps:
s1, as shown in fig. 3, the die plate driving device 3 drives the female die plate 4 from the initial position, and the lower punch cylinder 62 drives the lower punch 61 from the initial position, so that the top surfaces of the female die plate 4 and the lower punch 61 are higher than the top surface L of the fixed punch 2, and further, the annular first material chamber 10 having a depth of L is defined between the inner wall of the first through hole 41, the top surface of the fixed punch 2, and the outer circumferential wall of the lower punch 61. In this embodiment, the female die plate 4 and the lower punch 61 are both in the initial positions in which the top surfaces thereof are flush with the top surface of the fixed punch 2.
And S2, as shown in FIGS. 4-5, filling the first powder 11 into the first material cavity 10, and driving the upper punch 71 to move downwards by the upper punch mechanism to pre-compress the first powder 11 in the first material cavity 10, so that the first powder 11 is compressed into an annular prefabricated member 111 with the height of L1, and the stacked first powder 11 is stable and is not loose. During the preloading of the upper punch 71, the lower punch is lowered passively or is driven actively by the lower ram cylinder 62. For ease of understanding, the present example is given reference to examples with data such as when the loose powder to solid density ratio =1:2, the depth of the first material cavity 10 is 200mm, and at this time, the height of the filled first powder is also 200mm, and the first powder 11 may be pre-pressed by 50mm to form a preform 111 with a thickness of 150mm, so as to preliminarily shape the stacked first powder 11.
S3, as shown in fig. 6, after pre-pressing the first powder 11, moving the upper punch 71 upward by the upper punch mechanism, at this time, the lower punch 62 can drive the lower punch 61 to move downward until the top surface of the lower punch moves to a height L2 lower than the top surface of the fixed punch, so as to form a second material cavity located above the top surface of the lower punch, in this embodiment, L2 can be set to be 50mm, at this time, the second material cavity 30 is formed by combining a cavity formed by the inner wall of the second through hole 21 and the top surface of the lower punch 61 and the inner cavity of the preform 111, and the depth of the second material cavity 30 is 200mm.
S4, as shown in FIGS. 7-8, filling the second cavity 30 with the second powder 31, driving the upper punch 71 to move downwards to punch the first powder 11 and the second powder 31 by the upper punch mechanism, and simultaneously starting the lower punch 62 to drive the lower punch 61 to compress the second powder 31 upwards, so that the second powder 31 is simultaneously subjected to relative punching by the upper punch 71 and the lower punch 61, and the uniformity of density distribution of the second powder 31 after being compacted is improved; while the upper punch 71 and the lower punch 61 punch relatively, the die plate driving device 3 drives the female die plate 4 to move downwards, so that the female die plate 4 and the outer circumferential wall of the annular structure formed by the first powder 11 are subjected to sliding friction, internal force generated inside when part of the two powders are in punching combination is counteracted, the distribution uniformity of the density of the powder product 100 is improved, the powder product 100 with uniform density distribution and well-defined inner and outer rings is manufactured by the first powder 11 and the second powder 31, in the embodiment, the thickness L3 of the powder product 100 is finally punched into 100mm, and the data of the loose powder to solid density ratio =1:2.
in this embodiment, when the powder product 100 is press-molded, the top surface of the female die plate 4 is lowered to be flush with the top surface of the powder product 100, as shown in fig. 8.
And S5, as shown in FIG. 9, after the powder product 100 synthesized by the two powders is molded, the die plate driving device 3 drives the female die plate 4 to further move downwards, so that the top surface of the female die plate 4 is positioned below the top surface of the fixed punch 2, and at the moment, the powder product 100 is completely exposed out of the first through hole 41, so that the demolding operation of the powder product 100 is realized.
Preferably, the first powder and the second powder in this embodiment are two different metal powders, and indeed, in other embodiments, the first powder and the second powder may also be non-metal powders, such as ceramic powder, plastic powder, resin powder, and the like, and are not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the moving speeds of the upper punch 71, the lower punch 61 and the female die plate 4 may be different during the stamping process, and the specific moving speed is set according to the specific material, so as to ensure that the formed powder product 100 has uniform density and distinct inner and outer circles.
In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the accurate control of the two additions of the first metal powder 11, a cavity formed by enclosing the inner wall of the second through hole 21 and the top surface of the lower inner punch piston rod 61 and an inner cavity of the first metal preform 111 are combined to form the second material cavity 30, and before the second material cavity 30 is formed, the female die plate 4 is driven to descend by the lifting device 3, so that the top surface of the female die plate 4 is flush with the top surface of the fixed punch 2.
And S3, as shown in FIG. 6, when the upper punch mechanism 72 drives the upper punch 71 to move downwards to punch the first metal powder 11 and the second metal powder 31, the lower punch mechanism 62 is started to drive the lower inner punch piston rod 61 to punch the second metal powder 31 upwards, the upper punch 71 and the lower inner punch piston rod 61 move relatively, the thicknesses of the first metal powder 11 and the second metal powder 31 after being compressed are consistent, the powder metallurgy product 100 with clear inner and outer rings is formed, and when the upper punch 71 and the lower inner punch piston rod 61 punch relatively, the lifting device 3 drives the female die plate 4 to move downwards, so that the female die plate 4 and the outer circumferential wall of the annular structure formed by the first metal powder 11 slide and friction is generated between the outer circumferential walls of the annular structure, the internal force generated by part of the two metal powders in the punching process is counteracted, and the density distribution uniformity of the powder metallurgy product 100 is improved.
And S4, as shown in FIG. 9, after the powder metallurgy product 100 synthesized by the two metal powders is molded, the lifting device 3 drives the female die plate 4 to further move downwards, so that the top surface of the female die plate 4 is positioned below the top surface of the fixed punch 2, and at the moment, the powder metallurgy product 100 is completely exposed out of the first through hole 41, so that the demolding operation of the product is realized.
In this embodiment, the moving speeds of the upper punch 71, the lower inner punch piston rod 61 and the female die plate 4 may be different during the punching process, and the specific moving speed is set according to a specific material, so as to ensure that the formed powder metallurgy product 100 has uniform density and distinct inner and outer rings.
Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A powder forming method is manufactured by using powder forming equipment, and is characterized in that the powder forming equipment comprises a base, a fixed punch vertically fixed on the base, a female die plate arranged above the base, an upper punching mechanism arranged above the female die plate, a lower punching mechanism arranged on the base and a die plate driving device used for driving the female die plate to move up and down, wherein the female die plate is provided with a first through hole which is vertically communicated, the first through hole is sleeved on the fixed punch, the upper punching mechanism is provided with an upper punch which is opposite to the fixed punch and can move up and down, the fixed punch is provided with a second through hole which is vertically communicated, and the lower punching mechanism is provided with a lower punch which is arranged in the second through hole and can move up and down;
the powder forming comprises the following steps: s1, the female die plate is moved to a position where the top surface of the female die plate is higher than the top surface L of the fixed punch from an initial position by the die plate driving device; a lower punching oil cylinder of the lower punching mechanism drives the lower punch to be flush with the female die plate to form a first material cavity surrounding the lower punch;
s2, filling first powder into the first material cavity, driving the upper punch to descend by an upper punch cylinder of the upper punch mechanism to pre-press the first powder in the first material cavity, and synchronously descending the lower punch during pre-pressing to compress the first powder to form a prefabricated part with the height of L1;
s3, the lower punch oil cylinder drives the lower punch to move downwards until the top surface of the lower punch is lower than the top surface L2 of the fixed punch to form a second material cavity above the top surface of the lower punch,
s4, filling second powder into the second material cavity, driving the upper punch to move downwards to compress the prefabricated part and the second powder through the upper punch, driving the lower punch to compress the second powder upwards through the lower punch, and driving the female die plate to move downwards through the die plate driving device until the two kinds of powder are punched to form a powder product with the height of L3.
2. The powder forming method according to claim 1, further comprising S5, wherein after the powder product is formed, the driving device drives the female die plate to move downwards, so that the top surface of the female die plate is not higher than the top surface of the fixed punch, and the powder product is demoulded.
3. The powder molding method according to claim 1, wherein a guide post is fixed to the base, and the female die plate is movably disposed on the guide post and moved up and down along the guide post by the driving of the die plate driving unit.
4. The powder forming method according to claim 1, wherein a guide pillar is fixed on the base, an upper beam is supported on the top end of the guide pillar, the upper punching mechanism comprises an upper punching cylinder fixed on the upper beam, a movable beam arranged on the end of a piston rod of the upper punching cylinder, and the upper punch fixed on the movable beam, and the movable beam is movably arranged on the guide pillar and moves up and down along the guide pillar under the driving of the upper punching cylinder.
5. The powder molding method according to claim 1, wherein the first through-hole and the second through-hole are provided as circular holes, and the fixed punch and the lower punch are provided as cylindrical bodies.
6. The powder molding method according to claim 1, wherein the second through hole is located at a center of the stationary punch.
CN202210717725.7A 2022-06-23 2022-06-23 Powder forming method Active CN115138840B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116278134A (en) * 2023-03-31 2023-06-23 重庆江东机械有限责任公司 Preforming method of bi-component annular part

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5723001A (en) * 1981-04-20 1982-02-06 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Manufacture of cu-fe composite sintered oil-containing bearing
CN105555445A (en) * 2013-09-10 2016-05-04 Ntn株式会社 Sliding member and method for producing same
CN206047083U (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-03-29 南通国谊锻压机床有限公司 A kind of band flanging pulverulent product special die carrier
CN208083458U (en) * 2018-04-24 2018-11-13 中南大学 A kind of building mortion of large-size ultra-thin powder metallurgy functionally gradient material (FGM)
CN110860689A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-03-06 徐州泓吉环锻科技有限公司 Pressing die for annular powder metallurgy material green body

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5723001A (en) * 1981-04-20 1982-02-06 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Manufacture of cu-fe composite sintered oil-containing bearing
CN105555445A (en) * 2013-09-10 2016-05-04 Ntn株式会社 Sliding member and method for producing same
CN206047083U (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-03-29 南通国谊锻压机床有限公司 A kind of band flanging pulverulent product special die carrier
CN208083458U (en) * 2018-04-24 2018-11-13 中南大学 A kind of building mortion of large-size ultra-thin powder metallurgy functionally gradient material (FGM)
CN110860689A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-03-06 徐州泓吉环锻科技有限公司 Pressing die for annular powder metallurgy material green body

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116278134A (en) * 2023-03-31 2023-06-23 重庆江东机械有限责任公司 Preforming method of bi-component annular part

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