CN115104739A - Pecan shell breaking and kernel taking equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pecan shell-breaking and kernel-removing equipment, which comprises a frame, a motor, a shell-breaking assembly and a wind-selection assembly; the shell-breaking assembly includes an inclined outer drum, and a main shaft driven by a motor is fixed at the lower end of the outer drum; There is an inclined conical pressure roller; an internal gear ring is inherent inside the outer drum, a driven gear is fixed at the lower end of the conical pressure roller, and the driven gear meshes with the inner gear; the frame is provided with an inclined chassis, and the chassis is damped The suspension plate is slidably fitted with a vibrating plate; the chassis is rotatably installed with a cam for topping the vibrating plate via the dial, and a return spring for lowering the vibrating plate is arranged between the suspension plate and the vibrating plate. The equipment has good shell breaking effect, complete separation of shell kernels, and high purity of stored walnut kernels.

Description

Pecan shell breaking equipment

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery automation, in particular to a pecan shell-breaking device for extracting kernels.

Background technique

Pecans are an important economic crop in my country and one of the four most famous nuts in the world. As one of the main producing areas of pecans in my country, Lin'an has a history of planting pecans for more than 500 years. According to statistics, the output of pecans in my country will exceed 4.2 million tons in 21 years, while the domestic market demand in 21 years will reach more than 6.5 million tons. The traditional production method of manually breaking shells and extracting kernels is too inefficient, and obviously cannot fill the huge gap between production capacity and demand. Therefore, the shell-breaking and kernel-removing production equipment with higher production efficiency and automation has been widely popularized and applied.

At present, the production equipment for breaking shells and extracting kernels in the prior art generally includes shell breaking components, wind selection components, etc. The general working process is to put pecans into the shell breaking components in batches, squeeze and break the shells and discharge, and then The broken shell material is sent to the air separation unit, and the light shell is blown away by the wind and the heavy kernel is left, so as to realize the screening.

The prior art pecan production equipment has a series of drawbacks.

First of all, the broken shell assembly itself has disadvantages. At present, the automatic shell breaking machines on the market are mostly pressure roller extrusion type, jaw crusher and so on. However, the distance between the two pressure rollers of the pressure roller extrusion type is fixed and cannot be adjusted during the crushing process, which will cause the large-diameter walnuts and kernels to be crushed and crushed, while the small-diameter walnuts completely leak from the distance or are not squeezed. That is to say, the breaking rate of walnuts of different sizes is low and the shell breaking effect is poor; the problem of jaw crusher is that the breaking rate is too high, and walnuts of various sizes are often crushed indiscriminately, and it is difficult to form complete walnut kernels.

Of course, some people have proposed an improved plan for eccentric crushing. For example, the utility model with the patent number of 201521023891.9 discloses a shell breaking machine with an inverted cone extrusion ring and a shell breaking wheel, wherein the inverted cone extrusion ring is fixed to the frame, The shell breaking wheel can be rotatably installed on the frame. The shell breaking wheel extends into the inverted cone extrusion ring and the two are eccentric. The gap between the inverted cone extrusion ring and the shell breaking wheel gradually narrows from top to bottom, and the walnut is on the inverted cone. It is squeezed and broken in the gap between the extrusion ring and the shell-breaking wheel, and flows downward from the lower opening of the inverted cone extrusion ring, that is, the smallest gap between the inverted-cone extrusion ring and the shell-breaking wheel. Although the above improvement scheme is superior to the conventional mechanism of pressing roller or jaw crushing, it still has defects: only the inner shell breaking wheel rotates and the outer inverted cone crushing ring is stationary, so many Only the inner part of the walnut is driven to move to the narrowest part of the gap, while the middle and outer walnuts are not driven by enough driving force, move slowly, and receive insufficient extrusion force; The lower mouth of the inverted cone extrusion ring is regarded as a circular surface. Viewed from the circumferential direction, the side of the circular surface close to the eccentric shell-breaking wheel has a small clearance and is under pressure, and the side far from the eccentric shell-breaking wheel has a large gap and is under small pressure. In the actual working process, a considerable part of the pecans are discharged from the large gap on the side far from the shell breaking wheel, and it is impossible to ensure that this part of the pecans is fully compressed, so the crushing rate is relatively low; The pecans discharged from one side of the gap are fixed and cannot be adjusted due to the minimum gap between the inverted cone extrusion ring and the eccentric shell breaking wheel. In this way, essentially the same problem as the traditional pressing roller type is faced, that is, the shell breaking effect is affected by the size of the walnut. Very large walnuts with a size smaller than the smallest gap are difficult to crack, while large walnuts are often crushed by excessive pressure, making it difficult to obtain more complete walnut kernels.

Moreover, after the pecans are squeezed and broken and discharged from the shell-breaking component, there are objectively two states of separation of the husks and kernels and adhesion of the husks and kernels. There's nothing you can do about pecans. In this way, after the wind selection, the shells adhered to the kernels will also be stored in the pile of walnut kernels due to their own weight, resulting in residual shells mixed with the walnut kernels at the end, affecting the taste and quality of the walnut kernels.

In addition, the structure of each component of the above-mentioned production equipment for breaking the shell and extracting the kernel is relatively scattered, the degree of integration is low, and there is a lack of coordination with each other. The components and transmission parts are numerous and messy, the whole equipment is bulky, and the energy consumption burden is also high.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pecan shell-breaking and kernel-taking device with good shell-breaking effect, complete separation of shell and kernel, and high purity of stored walnut kernel.

A technical solution of the present invention is to provide a hickory breaking shell and kernel extraction equipment, which includes a frame, a motor, a shell breaking assembly and a wind selection assembly;

The shell breaking assembly includes an inclined outer drum rotatably installed on the frame, the upper end of the outer drum is a feeding port, the lower end of the outer drum is closed and fixed with a main shaft, which is driven by a motor; the frame is rotatably installed with an inclined and upper The conical pressure roller is small and large. The conical pressure roller extends into the outer drum and the two are eccentric to each other. There is an internal gear ring inside the outer drum. The lower end of the conical pressure roller is fixed with a driven gear. The driven gear and the inner gear Ring meshing; multiple discharge holes run through the side wall of the outer drum;

The rack is provided with an inclined chassis, and the chassis is connected with a suspension plate through a shock absorbing member; the suspension plate is slidably matched with an inclined vibration plate through the guide rail, and the surface of the vibration plate is provided with multi-level steps for shaking pecans; the suspension plate There is a guide hole through the guide hole, and the guide hole is matched with a dial, and the upper end of the dial is fixed with the vibrating plate; the chassis can be rotatably installed with a cam for the top of the vibrating plate through the dial, and the cam is also driven by the motor; the suspension plate and the vibrating plate are connected. There is a reset spring for resetting the vibrating plate downward; the head end of the vibrating plate is located below the discharge hole, and the end of the vibrating plate is above the air-selecting assembly; the above-mentioned chassis, suspension plate, vibrating plate, dial block and cam constitute the shelling assembly .

Compared with the prior art, the hickory breaking shell and kernel extraction equipment of the present application has the following advantages.

First analyze the action process and advantages of the broken shell assembly.

First of all, a concept is clarified. Both the conical surface and the cylindrical surface are composed of a circle of bus bars, and from the circumferential direction, the conical pressing roller and the outer roller are eccentrically arranged, so there must be a minimum gap between them, such as the conical pressing roller six The gap between the bus bar in the o'clock direction and the bus bar in the 6 o'clock direction of the outer drum, the hickory has the largest extrusion force in this gap, so the gap is called the working seam; and from the length direction, Since the inner pressure roller is tapered, the width of the working seam must decrease from top to bottom.

The worker pours the pecans into the feed port at the upper end of the outer drum in batches. The motor drives the outer drum to rotate, and drives the conical pressing roller to rotate in the same direction through the inner gear ring and the driven gear. As the distance between the outer roller and the conical pressing roller is getting smaller and smaller, the squeezing force of the pecans is getting bigger and bigger, and finally the pecans are subjected to the maximum squeezing force at the working seam, and under the action of the huge squeezing force , the pecans break the shell and are pushed out of the outer drum from a discharge hole below the working seam.

It can be seen from the above analysis that the motor can drive the two components of the outer drum and the conical pressure roller to rotate synchronously. Its structure is compact and refined, the layout is reasonable, and the volume of the whole machine can be reduced; and the inner and outer two components rotate in the same direction. , it will synchronously wrap the walnuts in the inner, outer and middle layers to move to the narrowest part, that is, the working seam. The driving force is strong. The inner and outer torques work together to produce a stronger squeezing force on the pecans. The shell breaking effect is good, and the speed Fast; eccentric conical pressing roller makes the width of the working seam decrease infinitely from top to bottom, which can ensure that walnuts of all sizes and large and small can be squeezed appropriately, and the crushing rate is high; more importantly, the existing technology discharges The path is unique, walnuts can only be discharged downward from the lower opening of the inverted cone extrusion ring, and the width at the smallest gap between the inverted cone extrusion ring and the shell breaking wheel is unique and not adjustable, which will cause the large walnuts to be squeezed into pieces. The small walnuts are not crushed; in contrast, the multiple discharge holes on the side wall of the outer drum of the present application constitute a new discharge path, and the walnuts that have just been crushed and broken at the working seam are under the action of the maximum extrusion force Naturally, it is extruded from the narrowest point, that is, each discharge hole near the working seam, and the size of the discharge hole is large or small, so that the walnuts of different sizes that have just been squeezed can be extracted from the appropriate size. That is, in principle, the large walnuts are discharged from the large holes and the small walnuts are discharged from the small holes, so as to avoid the predicament that the large walnuts are crushed and the small walnuts are not cracked in the prior art, and the walnuts are broken. more balanced. It should also be emphasized that the walnuts of this application are only discharged from the discharge hole near the working seam under the combined action of huge extrusion force and gravity. In other words, most of the walnuts discharged from the discharge hole are The shell is fully squeezed and broken, which ensures a very high breakage rate.

The shelling components also have significant advantages.

The cam of the shelling assembly is also driven to rotate by the motor, so that the dial is moved to greatly lift the vibrating plate and compress the return spring until the cam rotates to the angle that it is separated from the lower end of the dial, and the vibrating plate is rapidly lowered and reset under the action of the reset spring. ; In other words, under the action of the cam and the return spring, the vibrating plate tilts upward to make a large and rapid reciprocating vibration; in this way, after the hickory material discharged from the shell breaking mechanism falls on the steps of the vibrating plate, it will be inclined by the steps of the vibrating plate. Shake up, and then step up. This achieves two functions. The first is to raise the height of the material, so that the pecans move to the top of the wind separation component, so that in the subsequent wind separation, the material will have enough falling height, and the shell kernels will be clearly screened by the wind; the second is more critical. First, the broken shell material is vibrated violently to ensure that the shell kernels are completely detached, avoiding the adhering shells after wind-selection being stored in the walnut kernel pile, improving the purity of the obtained walnut kernels, and ensuring the taste and quality.

Moreover, the above-mentioned shelling assembly and shell breaking assembly share the same motor, no other power components are added, and the material is shaken and transported to a high position, and the shell kernels are completely separated, transported and shelled.

Furthermore, the shelling assembly lifts the material at the lower outlet of the shell breaking assembly to the top of the air separation assembly, so that the air separation assembly does not need to be arranged at the lower part of the shell breaking assembly, so the installation height of the air separation assembly is increased, and the air separation assembly is significantly reduced. The height of the whole production equipment makes the layout of each mechanism such as shell breaking, shelling, and wind selection compact and reasonable, and effectively controls the volume of the whole machine.

Preferably, the diameter of the discharge hole gradually increases from top to bottom; the logic of this setting is that the upper part of the conical pressing roller is smaller and the lower part is larger, so the width of the working seam decreases from top to bottom, and the upper working seam is wider, and each walnut is relatively compressed. Therefore, small holes are set to discharge materials to limit the flow of walnuts to avoid the discharge of unextruded walnuts; while the lower working seam is narrow, each walnut is fully squeezed, so large holes are set to discharge materials, so that walnuts that are fully crushed under pressure are set. Exhaust in large quantities.

As a further preference, the frame is provided with upper and lower main bearings, and the outer drum is connected to the frame through the upper and lower main bearings; the lower end of the outer drum is provided with a closing opening, the upper end of the main shaft is provided with a connecting head, and the connecting head is provided with an annular end plate , the connector is inserted into the closure and the two are fixed by the main bolts, the annular end plate abuts against and closes the bottom ring surface of the closure; the frame is also provided with a cylindrical bearing, and the lower end of the main shaft is connected to the frame through the cylindrical bearing; conical pressure roller The upper end is connected to the frame through the top bearing; the outer drum is fixed with a Y-shaped frame, the center of the Y-shaped frame is rotatably installed with a central shaft, the central shaft is connected with a side shaft through a connecting arm, and the lower end of the conical pressing roller and the side shaft are rotatable In this way, first of all, the connection between the lower end of the outer drum and the main shaft is firm, and the sealing effect of the lower end of the outer drum is good, which can prevent the leakage of hickory; moreover, the three bearings of the upper main bearing, the lower main bearing and the cylindrical bearing are supported in three ways The outer drum and the main shaft are installed to ensure that the bracket supports the main body of the shell breaking assembly firmly and the transmission is stable; moreover, the upper and lower ends of the conical pressing roller are supported and installed firmly, especially the lower end of the conical pressing roller. After the transition of components such as , central shaft and Y-shaped frame, they are firmly and stably hinged in the rotating outer drum.

As a further preference, the axis of the conical pressing roller and the axis of the outer drum are parallel to each other, and the axis of the conical pressing roller is located just below the axis of the outer drum; In the funnel that receives the materials after shell breaking, there is an elbow connected to the bottom of the funnel, and the outlet of the elbow is located above the head end of the vibration plate; in this way, the working seam is limited to the bottom of the outer drum in the circumferential direction, and the rotating torque will superimpose the gravity when the shell is broken. , acting on the pecans in the working seam, further increasing the extrusion force, making the rolling effect more sufficient, and the discharge power more sufficient and smoother; and the funnel directly below just accepts the pecans after breaking the shell, and the layout is reasonable; Moreover, the existence of the elbow can buffer and reduce the speed of the material after the shell is broken, so as to prevent the material from bouncing out of the vibrating plate range.

Preferably, the shelling assembly is that the shock absorbing members between the chassis and the suspension plate are two sets of upper and lower groups, each group of shock absorbing members includes a shock absorbing spring and a tie rod that cross each other, and the upper ends of the shock absorbing spring and the tie rod are both hinged with the suspension plate, reducing the pressure. Both the lower end of the shock spring and the tie rod are hinged with the chassis; in this way, the strength and firmness of the connection between the suspension plate and the chassis are ensured, and the service life is ensured, and sufficient elasticity between the two is ensured to support the vibration plate above. oscillating jitter function.

It is further preferred that the shelling assembly is provided with two inward-turned curled guide rails on both sides of the suspension plate, and both sides of the vibration plate are slidably fitted in the guide rails on both sides of the suspension plate; Angle steel is screwed between them, and a clamping block is protruded in the middle of the angle steel; there is a long bayonet on each side of the vibration plate; each clamping piece is located in the long bayonet on the same side; the upper end of the long bayonet on each side of the vibrating plate The upper part of the return spring is connected between the clamping blocks, and the lower part of the return spring is connected between the lower end of the long bayonet on each side of the vibration plate and the clamping block on the same side; in this way, it can ensure the stable and reliable cooperation between the suspension plate and the vibration plate; the above-mentioned structural assembly also It is convenient, just slide the vibrating plate into the guide rail of the suspension plate, and then clamp the upper and lower sections of each return spring on the same side of the clamping block, and clamp the upper and lower sections of the clamping block and the return spring into the length of the same side of the vibration plate. Finally, the angle steel where the clamping block is located can be screwed with the guide rail on the same side; and the above-mentioned structural design is reasonable, which can ensure the stable and reliable installation of the return spring.

As another preferred option, the shell breaking component is located at the upper part of the frame, the shelling component and the air selection component are located in the middle part of the frame, and the motor is located at the lower part of the frame; the output shaft sleeve of the motor is provided with a first belt and a second belt; the upper part of the frame is rotatably installed with a A worm, the first belt is connected with the worm, the main shaft of the shell breaking assembly is provided with a turbine, and the worm and the turbine are engaged; the axle of the cam of the shelling assembly is connected with the second belt; in this way, the motor starts, and the output shaft drives the two belts at the same time. , wherein the first belt drives the input shaft of the shell breaking assembly through the worm and the turbine, and inputs torque to the shell breaking assembly to rotate the shell breaking; while the second belt drives the cam through the wheel shaft, thereby driving the vibrator to vibrate and shell out; in this way, it is ensured that One power source satisfies the power input of the two major components of shell breaking and shelling; at least two components are driven to work normally with as few power sources as possible; in this way, the number of power sources and transmission parts is reduced, and the structure is simplified. The overall volume of the equipment is reduced, and the energy consumption is also reduced; moreover, the motor is arranged at the bottom of the whole machine, which can ensure stable power output, and effectively reduce the center of gravity of the whole machine to avoid instability. The middle part conforms to the moving line processing logic of the upper feeding shell breaking, the middle part shelling, and the lower part air selection, and the layout is reasonable; and the setting of the two belts ensures the stable and reliable transmission of power from the bottom motor to the upper or middle components; moreover, Considering that it is difficult for farmers to be equipped with gas source and hydraulic station, the electric motor is selected as the power source, which is more in line with the production mode mainly based on individual farmers.

As a gain, the frame includes an adjusting frame, the adjusting frame includes a bottom rack, a vertical fixing frame, an upper adjusting plate and a lower adjusting plate, the lower end of the vertical fixing frame is fixed with the bottom rack, and the upper end of the vertical fixing frame is hinged with the upper end of the upper adjusting plate. The lower end of the upper adjustment plate is hinged with the upper end of the lower adjustment plate, the lower end of the lower adjustment plate is provided with a positioning shaft, every two adjacent clamping teeth of the bottom rack form a clamping groove, and the positioning shaft is clamped in a clamping groove of the bottom rack; The chassis of the shell assembly is fixed on the lower adjustment plate; in this way, as long as the positioning shaft of the lower adjustment plate is clamped into different inter-tooth grooves, the inclination of the lower adjustment plate can be adjusted flexibly and conveniently, thereby adjusting the inclination of the vibrator, and then obtain Different vibration intensities, that is, the steeper the inclination of the vibrator, the weaker the vibration amplitude due to the influence of gravity, and the flatter the inclination, the stronger the vibration amplitude; in this way, it can be determined according to the type of walnut or the total amount of walnuts bound by the shell and kernel. to adjust the inclination of the vibrator, and select strong vibration or weak vibration mode.

As a further gain, two plugs are provided at both ends of the bottom rack, each plug is slidably fitted in a buffer slide of a buffer seat located at the same end, and a buffer pressure is provided between each plug and the end plate of the corresponding buffer slide The lower end of the upper adjustment plate is provided with an upper hinge seat, the vertical fixing frame is provided with a lower hinge seat, a damper is arranged between the upper adjustment plate and the lower hinge seat, and both ends of the damper are hinged with the upper hinge seat and the lower hinge seat respectively. In this way, the buffer seat effectively reduces the impact of the vibrator on the bottom rack, absorbs and alleviates the vibration energy at the bottom of the adjusting frame, and makes the adjusting frame and even the shelling device rest on the ground more smoothly; Yes, it can further eliminate the shaking of the vibrator on the bottom of the adjustment frame, and strengthen and limit the adjustment frame, prevent the positioning shaft of the adjustment frame from being detached from the original slot due to excessive vibration, and ensure the firmness of the shelling device. stability.

As a further preference, there is also a shaker plate in the middle of the frame for transporting the shelled material from the end of the vibration plate to the top of the air-selecting component. There is a platform protruding on the upper surface of the adjustment plate, the driven column rests on the platform of the upper adjustment plate, and the rear end of the shaking plate is hinged with the frame through the hinge shaft; in this way, first of all, the position of the shaking plate is exquisite and reasonable. The components are arranged just below the end of the vibration plate, but this part of the space is already occupied by the adjustment frame, so a shaker plate is added to move the transition material laterally, and the installation position of the air selection module is also staggered horizontally to free up installation space for the adjustment frame; and , the lateral movement is realized by the vibration of the shaking plate, which belongs to the secondary vibration, which can further ensure the complete separation of the shell and the shelling effect; and the energy saving effect is obvious, although the vibration of the original shelling component is partially eliminated by the damper and the buffer seat , but there is always a part of the vibration that cannot be eliminated, this part of the energy can only be dissipated in vain, and even belongs to harmful vibration; but after the driven column is placed on the upper adjustment plate, it can effectively absorb and utilize the originally wasted and harmful vibration. Turn waste into treasure, provide kinetic energy for the traverse transition, and further improve the energy efficiency of shelling.

Moreover, the above structure does not need to add other power sources at all, and the three components of shell breaking, shelling, and shaking and conveying all share the same motor; in this way, the equipment has a high degree of integration, a compact structure, and a compact and orderly arrangement, and each component does its own thing. It can play its own functions without interfering with each other; it can also cooperate with each other, promote each other, cooperate with each other in function, and organically combine into a whole; and effectively control the volume of the whole machine, and the energy consumption is also low.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the whole machine of the pecan shell breaking and kernel extraction equipment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1 after removing the whole casing and the shelling assembly.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the shell breaking assembly of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 3 after removing the outer drum.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of FIG. 5 after the upper main bearing is further removed.

7 is a schematic structural diagram of the pecan shell-breaking and kernel-removing equipment of the present invention after the shell is removed.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of FIG. 7 after removing the shell breaking assembly.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 8 after removing the air selection component.

10 is a schematic structural diagram of the shelling device of the pecan shell breaking and kernel extraction equipment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of FIG. 10 after removing the power components.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of FIG. 11 .

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 7 after deflecting to a certain angle.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 13 after deflecting to a certain angle.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 14 after deflecting to a certain angle.

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of FIG. 15 after removing the chassis, tie rods, and shock-absorbing springs of the shell-breaking assembly and the shelling assembly.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 16 after deflecting to a certain angle.

As shown in the picture 1, frame, 2, motor, 3, outer drum, 3.1, closing, 4, main bearing, 5, feeding pipe, 6, main shaft, 7, connecting head, 8, annular end plate, 9, Main Bolt, 10, Cylindrical Bearing, 11, Output Shaft, 12, First Belt, 13, Worm, 14, Turbine, 15, Tapered Roller, 16, Top Bearing, 17, Y-Frame, 18, Center Shaft , 19, connecting arm, 20, side shaft, 21, bar knurling, 22, inner gear, 23, driven gear, 24, discharge hole, 25, funnel, 26, elbow, 27, vibrating plate, 28. Chassis, 29, Suspension plate, 30, Damping spring, 31, Pull rod, 32, Guide rail, 33, Step, 34, Guide hole, 35, Dial block, 36, Cam, 37, Second belt, 38, Wheel axle , 39, return spring, 40, angle steel, 41, block, 42, long bayonet, 43, shaking plate, 44, bottom rack, 45, vertical fixing frame, 46, upper adjustment plate, 47, lower adjustment plate, 48, positioning shaft, 49, card slot, 50, plug, 51, buffer seat, 52, buffer slideway, 53, buffer compression spring, 54, damper, 55, wind selection component, 56, driven column, 57, Platform, 58, hinge shaft.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 17 , the pecan shell-breaking and kernel-removing equipment of the present invention includes a frame 1 , a motor 2 , a shell-breaking assembly and a winnowing assembly 55 . The shell breaking assembly is located at the upper part of the frame 1 , the air selection assembly 55 is located in the middle of the frame 1 , and the motor 2 is located at the lower part of the frame 1 .

The shell breaking assembly includes an inclined outer drum 3 rotatably installed on the upper part of the frame 1 , that is, the upper part of the frame 1 is provided with upper and lower main bearings 4 , and the outer drum 3 is installed on the upper part of the frame 1 through the upper and lower main bearings 4 . The upper end of the outer drum 3 is a feeding port, and the feeding port is connected with a feeding pipe 5. The hickory enters the outer drum 3 through the feeding pipe 5 to break the shell. The lower end of the outer drum 3 is closed and fixed with the main shaft 6, that is, the lower end of the outer drum 3 is provided with a closing opening 3.1, the upper end of the main shaft 6 is provided with a connecting head 7, and the connecting head 7 is provided with an annular end plate 8, and the connecting head 7 is inserted into the closing opening 3.1 and both. Fixed by the main bolts 9, the annular end plate 8 abuts against and closes the bottom annular surface of the closing 3.1;

The main shaft 6 is driven by the motor 2; that is, the output shaft 11 of the motor 2 is covered with a first belt 12; the upper part of the frame 1 is rotatably installed with a worm 13, the first belt 12 is connected with the worm 13, and the main shaft 6 is provided with a turbine 14, The worm 13 meshes with the turbine 14 .

The frame 1 is rotatably installed with a conical pressing roller 15 that is inclined and is small at the top and large at the bottom, that is, the upper end of the conical pressing roller 15 is rotatably connected with the upper part of the frame 1 through the top bearing 16; the outer drum 3 is fixed with a Y-shaped frame. 17. A central shaft 18 is rotatably installed in the center of the Y-shaped frame 17. The central shaft 18 is connected with a side shaft 20 through a connecting arm 19. The lower end of the conical pressing roller 15 is rotatably connected with the side shaft 20.

The main body of the conical pressure roller 15 extends into the outer drum 3 and the two are eccentric to each other; that is, the axis of the conical pressure roller 15 and the axis of the outer drum 3 are parallel to each other, and the axis of the conical pressure roller 15 is located in the outer drum 3. directly below the axis. A plurality of strip-shaped knurls 21 are protruded on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer drum 3 , and a plurality of strip-shaped knurls 21 are also protruded from the tapered surface of the conical pressing roller 15 .

There is an internal gear ring 22 inherent in the outer drum 3 , a driven gear 23 is fixed at the lower end of the conical pressing roller 15 , and the driven gear 23 meshes with the internal gear 22 . A plurality of discharge holes 24 are penetrated through the side wall of the outer drum 3 . The diameter of the discharge hole 24 gradually increases from top to bottom.

A funnel 25 for receiving materials after shell breaking is arranged below a bus bar on the lowermost side of the side wall of the outer drum 3 . An elbow 26 is connected to the bottom of the funnel 25 .

The middle of the frame 1 is provided with an inclined chassis 28, and the chassis 28 is connected with a suspension plate 29 through at least one set of shock absorbing members. In this embodiment, the shock absorbing members between the chassis 28 and the suspension plate 29 are two sets of upper and lower groups, each set of shock absorbing members includes a shock absorbing spring 30 and a tie rod 31 that cross each other, and the upper ends of the shock absorbing spring 30 and the tie rod 31 are The suspension plate 29 is hinged, and the lower ends of the shock-absorbing spring 30 and the pull rod 31 are hinged with the chassis 28 .

The suspension plate 29 is slidably fitted with the inclined vibrating plate 27 via the guide rails 32 , that is, two inward-turned crimping guide rails 32 are provided on both sides of the suspension plate 29 , and both sides of the vibrating plate 27 are slidably fitted in the guide rails 32 on both sides of the suspension plate 29 . . The inclination angles of the chassis 28 , the suspension plate 29 and the vibration plate 27 in the initial state are the same. The upper surface of the vibration plate 27 is provided with multiple steps 33 for shaking the hickory upwards. The suspension plate 29 has a guide hole 34 therethrough, and the guide hole 34 is clearance-fitted with a dial block 35 . The upper end of the dial block 35 is fixed with the vibration plate 27 ; the lower end of the dial block 35 extends downward from the guide hole 34 . The chassis 28 is rotatably mounted with a cam 36 for moving the lower end of the dial 35 upwards so as to lift the vibrating plate 27 upwards. The cam 36 is also driven by the motor 2 ; that is, the output shaft 11 of the motor 2 is sleeved with a second belt 37 , and the second belt 37 is connected to the axle 38 of the cam 36 .

Between the suspension plate 29 and the vibrating plate 27 is provided a return spring 39 which is used to reset the vibrating plate 27 after being pushed up by the cam 36; An angle steel 40 is screwed with the lower section, and a clamping block 41 is protruded in the middle of the angle steel 40; a long bayonet 42 is provided on both sides of the vibration plate 27; each clamping block 41 is located in the long bayonet 42 on the same side; The upper part of the return spring 39 is connected between the upper end of the long bayonet 42 on each side of the plate 27 and the catch block 41 on the same side, and the lower part of the return spring 39 is connected between the lower end of the long bayonet 42 on each side of the vibration plate 27 and the catch block 41 on the same side .

The head end of the vibrating plate 27 is located below the discharge hole 24 , the funnel 25 and the elbow 26 , and the end of the vibrating plate 27 is directly above the air selection assembly 55 , or indirectly above the air selection assembly 55 via a transition device such as the shaking plate 43 . The chassis 28 , the suspension plate 29 , the vibration plate 27 , the paddle 35 and the cam 36 constitute the shelling assembly. The shelling assembly is located in the middle of rack 1.

The frame 1 includes an adjusting frame. The adjusting frame includes a bottom rack 44, a vertical fixing frame 45, an upper adjusting plate 46 and a lower adjusting plate 47. The lower end of the vertical fixing frame 45 is fixed to the bottom rack 44, and the upper end of the vertical fixing frame 45 is connected to the upper The upper end of the adjustment plate 46 is hinged, the lower end of the upper adjustment plate 46 is hinged with the upper end of the lower adjustment plate 47, the lower end of the lower adjustment plate 47 is provided with a positioning shaft 48, each two adjacent teeth of the bottom rack 44 form a slot 49, and the positioning shaft 48 It is clamped in a slot 49 of the bottom rack 44 . The bottom plate 28 of the shelling assembly is fixed on the lower adjusting plate 47 .

The bottom rack 44 is provided with two plugs 50 at both ends, each plug 50 is slidably fitted in the buffer slideway 52 of a buffer seat 51 located at the same end, and between each plug head 50 and the end plate of the corresponding buffer slideway 52 A buffer compression spring 53 is provided. The lower end of the upper adjusting plate 46 is provided with an upper hinge seat, the vertical fixing frame 45 is provided with a lower hinge seat, and a damper 54 is provided between the upper adjusting plate 46 and the lower hinge seat, and the two ends of the damper 54 are respectively connected with the upper hinge seat and the lower hinge seat. The lower hinge is hinged.

The middle of the frame 1 is also provided with a shaking plate 43 for transporting the shelled material from the end of the vibrating plate 27 to the top of the air-selecting component 55 . The shaker plate 43 is high in front and low in the back, the front end of the shaker plate 43 is protruded with a driven column 56, the upper surface of the upper adjustment plate 46 is protruded with a platform 57, the driven column 56 rests on the platform 57 of the upper adjustment plate 46, and the shaker plate The rear end of 43 is hinged to the frame 1 via a hinge shaft 58 .

The wind separation assembly 55 of the present application belongs to the mature prior art, and its principle is to use the wind to blow away the light shell and leave the heavy kernels, so as to realize screening; The structure is the same, so it is not repeated here.

Claims (10)

1. A pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device comprises a rack, a motor, a shell breaking component and an air separation component; the method is characterized in that:

the shell breaking assembly comprises an inclined outer roller which is rotatably arranged on the rack, the upper end of the outer roller is provided with a feeding hole, the lower end of the outer roller is closed and is fixedly provided with a main shaft, and the main shaft is driven by a motor; the frame is rotatably provided with an inclined conical press roller with a small upper part and a big lower part, and the conical press roller extends into the outer drum and is mutually eccentric; an inner gear ring is fixed in the outer roller, a driven gear is fixed at the lower end of the conical pressing roller, and the driven gear is meshed with the inner gear ring; a plurality of discharge holes penetrate through the side wall of the outer roller;

the chassis is connected with a suspension plate through a damping piece; the suspension plate is matched with an inclined vibration plate in a sliding way through a guide rail, and the upper surface of the vibration plate is provided with a plurality of stages for mounting the hickory nut; a guide hole is formed through the suspension plate, a shifting block is in clearance fit with the guide hole, and the upper end of the shifting block is fixed with the vibration plate; the chassis is rotatably provided with a cam which is used for pushing the vibrating plate through the shifting block, and the cam is also driven by the motor; a return spring for returning the vibration plate downwards is arranged between the suspension plate and the vibration plate; the head end of the vibrating plate is positioned below the discharging hole, and the tail end of the vibrating plate is positioned above the winnowing component; the chassis, the suspension plate, the vibrating plate, the shifting block and the cam form a shelling assembly.

2. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aperture of the discharge hole gradually increases from top to bottom.

3. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper main bearing and the lower main bearing are arranged on the frame, and the outer roller is connected with the frame through the upper main bearing and the lower main bearing; the lower end of the outer roller is provided with a closing-in, the upper end of the main shaft is provided with a connector, the connector is provided with an annular end plate, the connector is inserted into the closing-in and the two are fixed by a main bolt, and the annular end plate abuts against and seals the closed-in bottom ring surface; the machine frame is also provided with a cylindrical bearing, and the lower end of the main shaft is connected with the machine frame through the cylindrical bearing; the upper end of the conical compression roller is connected with the frame through a top bearing; the outer roller is internally fixed with a Y-shaped frame, the center of the Y-shaped frame is rotatably provided with a central shaft, the central shaft is connected with a side shaft through a connecting arm, and the lower end of the conical compression roller is rotatably connected with the side shaft.

4. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the axis of the conical compression roller is parallel to the axis of the outer roller, and the axis of the conical compression roller is positioned right below the axis of the outer roller; the lower part of a bus at the lowest side of the side wall of the outer roller is provided with a funnel for receiving materials after shell breaking, the lower part of the funnel is communicated with a bent pipe, and the outlet of the bent pipe is positioned above the head end of the vibrating plate.

5. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the chassis and hang the bumper shock spare between the board and be two sets of from top to bottom, every group bumper shock spare includes intercrossing's damping spring and pull rod, and the upper end of damping spring and pull rod all articulates with hanging the board, and the lower extreme of damping spring and pull rod all articulates with the chassis.

6. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: two sides of the suspension plate are provided with two inward turned edge-curling guide rails, and two sides of the vibrating plate are in sliding fit in the guide rails on the two sides of the suspension plate; each side guide rail consists of an upper section and a lower section, an angle steel is screwed between the upper section and the lower section, and a clamping block is protruded in the middle of the angle steel; two sides of the vibrating plate are respectively provided with a long bayonet; each clamping block is positioned in the long clamping opening on the same side; an upper section of a return spring is connected between the upper end of the long bayonet on each side of the vibrating plate and the fixture block on the same side, and a lower section of the return spring is connected between the lower end of the long bayonet on each side of the vibrating plate and the fixture block on the same side.

7. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shell breaking component is positioned at the upper part of the rack, the shell breaking component and the winnowing component are positioned at the middle part of the rack, and the motor is positioned at the lower part of the rack; the output shaft of the motor is sleeved with a first belt and a second belt; a worm is rotatably arranged at the upper part of the rack, a first belt is connected with the worm, a worm wheel is arranged on a main shaft of the shell breaking assembly, and the worm is meshed with the worm wheel; the axle of the cam of the hulling assembly is connected to the second belt.

8. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rack comprises an adjusting frame, the adjusting frame comprises a bottom rack, a vertical fixing frame, an upper adjusting plate and a lower adjusting plate, the lower end of the vertical fixing frame is fixed with the bottom rack, the upper end of the vertical fixing frame is hinged with the upper end of the upper adjusting plate, the lower end of the upper adjusting plate is hinged with the upper end of the lower adjusting plate, the lower end of the lower adjusting plate is provided with a positioning shaft, every two adjacent clamping teeth of the bottom rack form a clamping groove, and the positioning shaft is clamped in one clamping groove of the bottom rack; the chassis of the hulling assembly is fixed on the lower adjusting plate.

9. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 8, wherein: two ends of the bottom rack are provided with two jacks, each jack is in sliding fit with a buffering slide way of a buffering seat at the same end, and a buffering pressure spring is arranged between each jack and an end plate of the corresponding buffering slide way; the lower end of the upper adjusting plate is provided with an upper hinged support, the vertical fixing frame is provided with a lower hinged support, a damper is arranged between the upper adjusting plate and the lower hinged support, and two ends of the damper are respectively hinged with the upper hinged support and the lower hinged support.

10. The pecan shell breaking and kernel taking device as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the middle part of the frame is also provided with a shaking plate which conveys the shelled materials from the tail end of the vibrating plate to the upper part of the winnowing component, the shaking plate is high in front and low in back, a driven column is arranged at the front end of the shaking plate in a downward protruding mode, a platform is arranged on the upper surface of the upper adjusting plate in an upward protruding mode, the driven column is placed on the platform of the upper adjusting plate, and the rear end of the shaking plate is hinged with the frame through a hinge shaft.

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