CN115053753A - Efficient cultivation method for mushrooms - Google Patents
Efficient cultivation method for mushrooms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115053753A CN115053753A CN202210796809.4A CN202210796809A CN115053753A CN 115053753 A CN115053753 A CN 115053753A CN 202210796809 A CN202210796809 A CN 202210796809A CN 115053753 A CN115053753 A CN 115053753A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- raw materials
- cultivation method
- culture medium
- mushroom
- total amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- MIJPAVRNWPDMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2h-furan-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OCC(O)C1OC(=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)=C1O MIJPAVRNWPDMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 37
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000023422 sporocarp development Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000028644 hyphal growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 229940078752 magnesium ascorbyl phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 14
- HTJNEBVCZXHBNJ-XCTPRCOBSA-H trimagnesium;(2r)-2-[(1s)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2h-furan-5-one;diphosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O HTJNEBVCZXHBNJ-XCTPRCOBSA-H 0.000 description 14
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 9
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000002373 Ficus pumila Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006718 Ficus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001491 Lentinan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000007685 Pleurotus columbinus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940115286 lentinan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 2
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFJIVOKAWHGMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hexylbenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1O WFJIVOKAWHGMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002874 Acne Vulgaris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006499 Flammulina velutipes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016640 Flammulina velutipes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037319 Hepatitis infectious Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000014150 Interferons Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010050904 Interferons Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219071 Malvaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000005505 Measles Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PPQNQXQZIWHJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylcholanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=C(C)C(CC5)=C4C5=C3C=CC2=C1 PPQNQXQZIWHJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010029240 Neuritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUGCAAVRZWBXEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Precholecalciferol Natural products C=1CCC2(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC2C=1C=CC1=C(C)CCC(O)C1 YUGCAAVRZWBXEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006268 Sarcoma 180 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036579 abiotic stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000006549 dyspepsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000235 effect on cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009982 effect on human Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000033937 fruiting body development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000002443 helper t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000005252 hepatitis A Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004727 humoral immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079322 interferon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000008128 pulmonary tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002477 rna polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003700 vitamin C derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency cultivation method of mushrooms, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a culture medium: mixing willow branch particles with miscellaneous wood chips and bamboo chips, and soaking in rice washing water; removing part of the supernatant, adding wheat bran, gypsum, vitamin C phosphate magnesium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, amino acid and sodium selenite, and stirring to obtain culture base material; subpackaging the culture medium material with polypropylene fungus bags with proper tightness; sterilizing with autoclave, and cooling to obtain culture medium; s2: inoculation → fungus cultivation management → bag removal → mushroom production management → harvest. The cultivation method provided by the invention is combined with the preparation of the high-efficiency cultivation substrate, so that the growth of the mushrooms can be promoted, and the yield and the quality of products are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shiitake cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency shiitake cultivation method.
Background
Lentinus edodes (academic name: Lentinus edodes), also known as Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Mycopharyngodon comatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Lentinus edodes, is an edible fungus. The edible part of the mushroom accounts for 72 percent, and each 100g of the edible part contains 13g of water, 1.8g of fat, 54g of carbohydrate, 7.8g of crude fiber, 4.9g of ash, 124mg of calcium, 415mg of phosphorus, 25.3mg of iron, 10.07mg of vitamin B, 21.13mg of vitamin B and 18.9mg of nicotinic acid. Besides 85-90% of water, the fresh mushroom contains 19.9% of crude protein, 4% of crude fat, 67% of soluble nitrogen-free substances, 7% of crude fiber and 3% of ash in solid matters. The shiitake mushroom is rich in provitamin D, but little in vitamin C and is deficient in provitamin A and provitamin A. Lentinan can improve the activity of helper T cells and enhance the humoral immunity function of human body. A large number of practices prove that the lentinus edodes has a wide cancer prevention and treatment range and is used for clinical treatment. The mushroom also contains various vitamins and mineral substances, and has great effects of promoting human metabolism and improving organism adaptability. Lentinus Edodes also has therapeutic effect on diabetes, pulmonary tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, neuritis, dyspepsia, constipation, and obesity. Lentinus edodes recorded in China 'Yi Qi Bu Huo, treat wind and break blood, benefit stomach and help food' is recorded in many ancient books. Folk can be used for treating headache and dizziness by helping the induction of acne and measles. Modern researches prove that lentinan can regulate the activity of T cells with immune functions in human bodies and can reduce the tumor inducing capacity of methylcholanthrene. The mushroom has strong inhibition effect on cancer cells, the inhibition rate on the mouse sarcoma 180 is 97.5%, and the inhibition rate on the ehrlich cancer is 80%. The shiitake mushroom also contains double-stranded ribonucleic acid, can induce to generate interferon, and has antiviral ability.
From the last 80 th of the century, particularly in the last decade, the mushroom industry is vigorously developed in many areas in succession, and is used as a short, flat and fast enrichment project for developing agriculture and rural economy, and is not listed in Xiang cities (counties) and is used as a main producing area for edible mushrooms such as mushrooms, agarics and the like in our province, the edible mushroom industry plays an important role in flourishing local rural economy and increasing income of farmers, but with the development and growth of the whole industry, forest resources are seriously damaged, the ecological environment is gradually worsened, if new alternative materials are not researched for a long time, the mushroom production faces resource crisis, and the sustainable development of the mushroom production is limited.
The lentinus edodes is a very special wood-rotting fungus, broad-leaved trees are used for cultivating the lentinus edodes in production, according to measurement and calculation, 70 cubic meters of broad-leaved trees are consumed for producing one ton of basswood lentinus edodes, 180 cubic meters of broad-leaved trees are consumed for producing one ton of export lentinus edodes, and 43 cubic meters of consumed material is consumed for one ton of generation lentinus edodes, so that in a lentinus edodes production area, broad-leaved tree resources are reduced year by year, and development and utilization of non-broad-leaved tree cultivated lentinus edodes are necessary.
Bamboo grows and plants widely in the world due to the advantages of short growth cycle, simple planting, high benefit and utilization degree and the like, is called as the second forest in the world mainly in tropical and subtropical regions in Asia-Pacific, Africa and Latin America, and the bamboo industry developed by utilizing bamboo resources becomes a globally recognized green industry and relates to a plurality of fields such as buildings, building materials, home furnishing and the like. China is the world with the most abundant bamboo resources, and bamboo products produced and processed every year are in a rapid growth trend due to rapid development of the industry, so that huge leftovers are generated along with the growth of the bamboo products, and most of the bamboo products are used as fuel. In order to improve the utilization rate of the bamboo dust, 5 chemical components of the green bamboo and the yellow bamboo are determined, and the five chemical components have no obvious difference through data analysis, wherein the basic components comprise 11.13% of moisture, 1.04% of ash, 6.05% of benzene alcohol extract, 71.27% of cellulose and 23.00% of lignin.
Chinese patent CN109804858A discloses a bamboo substrate and a method for cultivating mushrooms by using the bamboo substrate, a novel substrate for cultivating mushrooms is prepared by using granular bamboo crumbs as a main material, the source of mushroom cultivation raw materials is greatly expanded, and a novel method is provided for cultivating mushrooms. But the nutrition structure of the substrate is too single, and the substrate does not greatly contribute to the yield and the quality of the shiitake mushrooms.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient mushroom cultivation method, which can promote the growth of mushrooms and improve the yield and quality of products by combining the preparation of an efficient cultivation substrate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the efficient cultivation method of the shiitake mushrooms comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a culture medium: mixing willow branch particles with miscellaneous wood chips and bamboo chips, and soaking in rice washing water; removing part of the supernatant, adding wheat bran, gypsum, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, amino acid and sodium selenite, and stirring to obtain a culture base material; subpackaging the culture medium material with polypropylene fungus bags with proper tightness; sterilizing with autoclave, and cooling to obtain culture medium;
s2: inoculation → fungus cultivation management → bag removal → mushroom production management → harvest.
Further, in step S1, the mass ratio of the miscellaneous wood chips, the bamboo chips and the willow branch particles is 2:5: 1; the addition amount of the wheat bran is 15-25% of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the gypsum is 1 percent of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the vitamin C magnesium phosphate is 0.5-1% of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is 0.5-2% of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the amino acid is 0.5-1% of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the sodium selenite is 0.03-0.05% of the total amount of the raw materials.
Further, in step S1, the amino acid is proline; the rice washing water is the first 1-2 rice washing water.
Further, in step S1, the soaking temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the soaking time is 10-20 h.
Further, in step S1, the water content of the cultivation base material is 58-62%, and the pH value is 4.5-6.0.
Further, in step S1, the sterilization temperature is 121 ℃ and the sterilization time is 6 hours or more.
Further, in step S2, the inoculation method includes: inoculating in a dibbling mode at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ in an aseptic environment, wherein dibbling row spacing and plant spacing are both 2 inches, and inoculating 3-4 g of cultivated species in each point.
Further, in step S2, the bacteria culture management includes the steps of: the temperature of the mushroom spores is controlled to be 22-26 ℃ in the germination period, 24-27 ℃ in the hyphal growth period, 10-12 ℃ in the primordial differentiation period and 8-16 ℃ in the sporocarp development period; controlling the air humidity to be 60-70% in the germination period and the hypha growth period of the lentinus edodes spores, and controlling the air humidity to be 75-90% in the primordium differentiation period and the sporocarp development period;
further, in step S2, the fruiting management includes the steps of: building a bamboo shed, and covering a sunshade net; transferring the fungus bags to a bamboo shed, laying flat, covering with sandy loam, spraying water, keeping the temperature below 25 ℃, and controlling the temperature difference between day and night to be 10 ℃; keeping the air humidity at 80-90%; the ventilation is maintained.
Further, in step S2, when mushroom grows to have a mature commodity character, harvesting is performed, i.e., the sporophore mycoderm is just broken and the pileus edge is kept rolled up.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the miscellaneous wood chips, the wheat bran and the gypsum are conventional raw materials of the mushroom culture medium; on the basis, 5 components of willow branches, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, amino acid and sodium selenite are additionally added, wherein the bark of the willow branches contains rich salicylic acid which is a growth regulator and can promote the growth of mushroom hyphae. Because the mushroom decomposes lignocellulose as carbon and nitrogen sources by various enzymes secreted by hypha, and absorbs inorganic salt, vitamins and the like deposited in the tree ducts; the vitamin C magnesium phosphate is a derivative of vitamin C, has all functions of the vitamin C, overcomes the defect of poor stability of the vitamin C, is easy to absorb, and can promote the growth of hypha; meanwhile, the existence of magnesium element in vitamin C magnesium phosphate can strengthen enzymatic reaction, promote nutrition transportation and improve the absorption rate of plants to nutrient substances. Because the mushroom has great demand on water, and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose has good thickening effect and water retention, on one hand, the raw materials can be tightly connected, on the other hand, the water can be retained, and the hypha can be ensured to grow in a proper water atmosphere. Because the mushroom hyphae have strong capacity of enriching metal ions, the amino acid can reduce the toxic action of heavy metal ions such as cadmium on the hyphae, and the reason is probably to form an amino acid-cation-polyphosphoric acid compound, reduce the mobility of the heavy metal ions and further reduce the harm of the heavy metal on the hyphae; the amino acid adopted by the invention is proline, so that the stress resistance of the mushroom hyphae can be improved, the damage to organisms caused by abiotic stress such as temperature stress and the like can be relieved, the normal occurrence of enzyme reaction in the hyphae can be ensured, and the survival rate can be improved. Selenium is one of essential nutrient elements for human body, has good effect on human body aging resistance, can enhance human body immunity and resistance, and has anticancer and antitumor effects; the selenium element is added, and the selenium-rich shiitake mushrooms are cultivated by utilizing the strong enrichment capacity of the shiitake mushrooms on metal ions, so that the selenium-rich shiitake mushrooms have a good economic prospect; in addition, selenium has high affinity to heavy metals, so that interaction can occur in the body of the mushroom, the selenium-enriched shiitake mushroom has a detoxifying effect on metals such as cadmium and mercury, and the selenium-enriched shiitake mushroom can supplement selenium and protect certain toxic damages caused by cadmium and mercury.
(2) The invention adopts rice washing water to soak the miscellaneous wood chips, the bamboo chips and the willow branches, and the rice washing water contains rich nutrients such as starch, protein, amino acid, vitamin, mineral substances and the like and can be absorbed by hyphae to promote growth; the first 1-2 rice washing waters are acidic, the pH value is about 5.5, the weak acid environment required by the mushrooms is met, and the growing environment requirement of hyphae is further guaranteed. And the acidity of the rice washing water can be changed by changing the soaking time so as to adapt to the condition that hyphae need different pH values at different stages.
(3) When the magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in cooperation with willow branches and amino acid, a synergistic effect is generated, salicylic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and amino acid which are leached from the willow branches in rice washing water can be synergistically induced, the enzyme activity in mycelia is improved, the permeation of oxygen is promoted, the vitality of the mycelia is enabled to be more vigorous, the absorption and utilization of nutrient components are promoted, the accumulation of nutrient substances in mushrooms is promoted, and the product quality is improved. The amino acid and the selenium have the function of synergistically reducing the content of harmful metals in the lentinus edodes body; the magnesium ascorbyl phosphate has all functions of vitamin C and can promote the absorption of selenium; the vitamin C magnesium phosphate and the amino acid enhance the effect of enzymatic reaction, and play a certain role in catalyzing the combination of the amino acid, the selenium and the harmful metal, so that the combination of the three can synergistically detoxify the harmful metal, and the healthy growth of the shiitake mushrooms and the safety of people eating the shiitake mushrooms are protected.
(4) The preparation method of the mushroom culture medium is green and environment-friendly, is simple to operate, has easily obtained raw materials and low production cost, and is easy for industrial development; the prepared culture medium is used for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms, and has the advantages of short period, high yield and high quality.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The efficient cultivation method of the shiitake mushrooms comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing sundry wood chips, bamboo chips and willow branch particles with the particle size of 0.5mm according to the mass ratio of 2:5: 1; mixing willow branch particles with miscellaneous wood chips and bamboo chips, and soaking the mixture in first 1-pass rice washing water at 20 ℃ for 10 hours; removing part of the supernatant, adding wheat bran accounting for 15% of the total amount of the raw materials, gypsum accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate accounting for 0.5% of the total amount of the raw materials, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose accounting for 0.5% of the total amount of the raw materials, proline accounting for 0.5% of the total amount of the raw materials and sodium selenite accounting for 0.03% of the total amount of the raw materials, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation base material with a pH value of 4.5 and a water content of 58%; subpackaging the culture medium material with polypropylene fungus bags with proper tightness; sterilizing with autoclave at 121 deg.C for 6 hr, and cooling to obtain Lentinus Edodes culture medium;
s2: inoculating in a dibbling mode at 23 deg.C under sterile environment, wherein dibbling row spacing and plant spacing are both 2 inches, and inoculating 3g of cultivar per point;
s3: the temperature of the mushroom spores in the germination period is controlled to be 22 ℃, the temperature of the hypha in the growth period is controlled to be 24 ℃, the temperature of the primordium in the differentiation period is controlled to be 10 ℃, and the temperature of the fruiting body in the development period is controlled to be 8 ℃; controlling the air humidity to be 60% in the germination period and the hypha growth period of the lentinus edodes spores, and controlling the air humidity to be 75% in the primordium differentiation period and the sporocarp development period;
s4: building a bamboo shed, and covering a sunshade net; transferring the fungus bags to a bamboo shed, removing the bags, laying flat, covering with sandy loam, spraying water, keeping the temperature below 25 ℃, and controlling the temperature difference between day and night to be 10 ℃; keeping the air humidity at 800%; the ventilation is maintained.
Example 2
The efficient cultivation method of the shiitake mushrooms comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing sundry wood chips, bamboo chips and willow branch particles with the particle size of 0.6mm according to the mass ratio of 2:5: 1; mixing willow branch particles with miscellaneous wood chips and bamboo chips, and soaking with first 2 rice washing water at 22 ℃ for 20 h; removing part of the supernatant, adding wheat bran accounting for 18% of the total amount of the raw materials, gypsum accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate accounting for 0.6% of the total amount of the raw materials, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose accounting for 0.8% of the total amount of the raw materials, proline accounting for 0.6% of the total amount of the raw materials and sodium selenite accounting for 0.04% of the total amount of the raw materials, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation base material with a pH value of 5.0 and a water content of 60%; subpackaging the culture medium material by polypropylene fungus bags, wherein the tightness is proper; sterilizing with autoclave at 121 deg.C for 8 hr, and cooling to obtain Lentinus Edodes culture medium;
s2: inoculating in a dibbling mode at 24 deg.C under sterile environment, wherein dibbling row spacing and plant spacing are both 2 inches, and inoculating 4g of cultivar per point;
s3: the temperature of the mushroom spores in the germination period is controlled to be 23 ℃, the temperature of the hypha in the growth period is controlled to be 25 ℃, the temperature of the primordium in the differentiation period is controlled to be 11 ℃, and the temperature of the fruiting body in the development period is controlled to be 10 ℃; controlling the air humidity to be 65% in the germination period and the hypha growth period of the lentinus edodes spores, and controlling the air humidity to be 80% in the primordium differentiation period and the sporocarp development period;
s4: building a bamboo shed and covering a sunshade net; transferring the fungus bag to a bamboo shed, removing the bag, laying flat, covering with sandy loam, spraying water, keeping the temperature below 25 ℃, and controlling the day and night temperature difference to be 10 ℃; keeping the air humidity at 85%; the ventilation is maintained.
Example 3
The efficient cultivation method of the shiitake mushrooms comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing sundry wood chips, bamboo chips and willow branch particles with the particle size of 0.8mm according to the mass ratio of 2:5: 1; mixing willow branch particles with miscellaneous wood chips and bamboo chips, and soaking the mixture in first 1-pass rice washing water at 22 ℃ for 12 hours; removing part of the supernatant, adding wheat bran accounting for 22% of the total amount of the raw materials, gypsum accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate accounting for 0.8% of the total amount of the raw materials, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose accounting for 1.2% of the total amount of the raw materials, proline accounting for 0.8% of the total amount of the raw materials and sodium selenite accounting for 0.04% of the total amount of the raw materials, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation base material with a pH value of 5.5 and a water content of 59%; subpackaging the culture medium material with polypropylene fungus bags with proper tightness; sterilizing with autoclave at 121 deg.C for 10 hr, and cooling to obtain Lentinus Edodes culture medium;
s2: inoculating in a dibbling mode at 25 deg.C under sterile environment, wherein dibbling row spacing and plant spacing are both 2 inches, and inoculating 3g of cultivar per point;
s3: the germination period of the lentinus edodes spores is controlled at 24 ℃, the growth period of hyphae is controlled at 26 ℃, the differentiation period of primordium is controlled at 12 ℃, and the development period of sporophores is controlled at 12 ℃; controlling the air humidity to be 65% in the germination period and the hypha growth period of the lentinus edodes spores, and controlling the air humidity to be 85% in the primordium differentiation period and the sporocarp development period;
s4: building a bamboo shed, and covering a sunshade net; transferring the fungus bags to a bamboo shed, removing the bags, laying flat, covering with sandy loam, spraying water, keeping the temperature below 25 ℃, and controlling the temperature difference between day and night to be 10 ℃; maintaining the air humidity at 85%; the ventilation is maintained.
Example 4
The efficient cultivation method of the shiitake mushrooms comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing sundry wood chips, bamboo chips and willow branch particles with the particle size of 0.7mm according to the mass ratio of 2:5: 1; mixing willow branch particles with miscellaneous sawdust and bamboo sawdust, and soaking in first 2 times of rice washing water at 21 deg.C for 18 h; removing part of supernatant, adding wheat bran accounting for 20% of the total amount of the raw materials, gypsum accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate accounting for 0.9% of the total amount of the raw materials, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials, proline accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and sodium selenite accounting for 0.05% of the total amount of the raw materials, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation base material with the pH value of 4.5 and the water content of 62%; subpackaging the culture medium material with polypropylene fungus bags with proper tightness; sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 12 hr, and cooling to obtain Lentinus Edodes culture medium;
s2: inoculating in a dibbling mode at 24 deg.C under sterile environment, wherein dibbling row spacing and plant spacing are both 2 inches, and inoculating 4g of cultivar per point;
s3: the temperature of the mushroom spores is controlled to be 25 ℃ in the germination period, 27 ℃ in the hyphal growth period, 12 ℃ in the primordial differentiation period and 8-16 ℃ in the fruiting body development period; controlling the air humidity to be 70% in the germination period and the hypha growth period of the lentinus edodes spores, and controlling the air humidity to be 90% in the primordium differentiation period and the sporocarp development period;
s4: building a bamboo shed and covering a sunshade net; transferring the fungus bags to a bamboo shed, removing the bags, laying flat, covering with sandy loam, spraying water, keeping the temperature below 25 ℃, and controlling the temperature difference between day and night to be 10 ℃; keeping the air humidity at 90%; the ventilation is maintained.
Example 5
The efficient cultivation method of the shiitake mushrooms comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing miscellaneous wood chips, bamboo chips and willow branch particles with the particle size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 2:5: 1; mixing willow branch particles with miscellaneous wood chips and bamboo chips, and soaking the mixture in first 1-pass rice washing water at 25 ℃ for 10 hours; removing part of supernatant, adding wheat bran accounting for 25% of the total amount of the raw materials, gypsum accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose accounting for 2% of the total amount of the raw materials, proline accounting for 0.9% of the total amount of the raw materials and sodium selenite accounting for 0.05% of the total amount of the raw materials, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation base material with the pH value of 6.0 and the water content of 60%; subpackaging the culture medium material with polypropylene fungus bags with proper tightness; sterilizing with autoclave at 121 deg.C for 15 hr, and cooling to obtain Lentinus Edodes culture medium;
s2: inoculating in a dibbling mode at 23 deg.C under sterile environment, wherein dibbling row spacing and plant spacing are both 2 inches, and inoculating 3g of cultivar per point;
s3: the temperature of the mushroom spores in the germination period is controlled to be 26 ℃, the temperature of the hypha in the growth period is controlled to be 24 ℃, the temperature of the primordium in the differentiation period is controlled to be 12 ℃, and the temperature of the fruiting body in the development period is controlled to be 16 ℃; controlling the air humidity to be 60% in the germination period and the hypha growth period of the lentinus edodes spores, and controlling the air humidity to be 90% in the primordium differentiation period and the sporocarp development period;
s4: building a bamboo shed, and covering a sunshade net; transferring the fungus bag to a bamboo shed, removing the bag, laying flat, covering with sandy loam, spraying water, keeping the temperature below 25 ℃, and controlling the day and night temperature difference to be 10 ℃; keeping the air humidity at 90%; the ventilation is maintained.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium is basically the same as that of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium in the embodiment 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium do not contain willow branch particles, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and amino acid, and the content of other components is not changed.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the high-efficiency mushroom culture medium is basically the same as that of the high-efficiency mushroom culture medium in the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the high-efficiency mushroom culture medium do not contain willow branch particles and amino acid, and the content of other components is not changed.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the high-efficiency mushroom culture medium is basically the same as that of the high-efficiency mushroom culture medium in the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the high-efficiency mushroom culture medium do not contain willow branch particles and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and the content of other components is unchanged.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium is basically the same as that of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium in the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium do not contain vitamin C magnesium phosphate and amino acid, and the content of other components is not changed.
Comparative example 5
The formula of Chinese patent CN109804858A, particle bamboo sawdust 40%, miscellaneous wood dust 40%, wheat bran 19%, gypsum 1% and the method of example 3 were used as control groups.
Comparative example 6
The preparation method of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium is basically the same as that of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium in the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium do not contain vitamin C magnesium phosphate, amino acid and sodium selenate, and the content of other components is not changed.
Comparative example 7
The preparation method of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium is basically the same as that of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium in the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium do not contain vitamin C, magnesium phosphate and sodium selenate, and the content of other components is not changed.
Comparative example 8
The preparation method of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium is basically the same as that of the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium in the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium do not contain vitamin C magnesium phosphate and amino acid, and the content of other components is not changed.
Comparative example 9
The preparation method of the mushroom culture medium is basically the same as that of the mushroom culture medium in the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the mushroom high-efficiency culture medium do not contain sodium selenate and amino acid, and the content of other components is not changed.
Comparative experiment
First, cultivation site and time
1. A cultivation place: eight-step edible fungus planting base in Hezhou city.
2. Cultivation time: and (4) carrying out soil covering cultivation in summer, bag making and inoculation at the bottom of 2021 year 2 month, carrying out fungus cultivation management in 3-5 months, carrying out mushroom fruiting management in 6-10 months, and counting the first two times of mushrooms.
Second, statistics of biological indicators
1. Vegetative growth phase
The statistics of the data in the vegetative growth stage include the growth speed of hyphae, the bag filling time and the bud emergence time.
The hypha growth rate is measured by cross measurement of hypha diameter after inoculation for a period of time and when hypha rings are not connected, 10 hypha rings are randomly selected from each treatment group to obtain an average value.
The bag-full time is the average of the time for each treatment group to grow full of hyphae per repetition.
The budding time is the average value of the time that more than 5% of mushroom buds appear in each cell of each treatment group, and the mushroom buds are sporocarp with the size capable of being cut or with differentiated pileus and stipe.
2. Reproductive growth stage
Recording of the yield: the sum of the fresh weight of fruiting bodies in each cell of each treatment group of the first and second tide was counted and the biological efficiency, i.e. the fresh weight of the fruiting body/dry weight of the compost, BE, was calculated.
3. Morphological characteristics of fruit bodies
The morphological characteristics of the fruiting body are evaluated by the fresh weight of the single mushroom, the diameter of the pileus of the fruiting body, the thickness of the pileus, the diameter of the stipe and the length of the stipe.
The fresh weight of the single mushroom is the ratio of the fresh weight of the sporocarp to the corresponding number of the sporocarp, each treatment group randomly counts three times per tide, and the sporocarps of the first two tides are counted.
Randomly selecting 10 fruiting bodies with mature commodity characters from each cell of each treatment group in each tide, and measuring the diameter and thickness of pileus, the diameter and length of stipe.
4. Measurement of chemical composition of fruit body
The chemical component determination of the fruit body comprises three nutrient components and a heavy metal, wherein the content of the protein, the crude fiber, the ash content and the cadmium content are respectively determined, and the determination standards are GB5009.5-2010, GB5009.10-2003, GB5009.4-2010 and GB5009.15-2003 respectively. Selecting the fruiting body of the second tide for each cultivation matrix in each cultivation mode, wherein each formula should select commodity fragrant gourd with consistent size, cleaning with distilled water, drying, and pulverizing for use.
Third, data analysis
All data were analyzed by multiplex comparison using the complex pole difference method (Duncan' multiple range) in the SPSS17.0 analysis software.
Fourth, results and analysis
1. In a summer soil-covered cultivation mode, a main cultivation strain of the ficus pumila is used as a test strain, examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4 are used as experimental groups, and comparative example 5 is used as a control group, and in the whole cultivation process of the lentinus edodes, the biological properties of the ficus pumila are measured, wherein the biological properties comprise hypha growth speed, full bag time and bud emergence time in a vegetative growth stage, and fruiting body yield, biological efficiency, fruiting body commodity properties and chemical components in a reproductive growth stage.
2. The results of the growth rate of hyphae, the time to fill bags and the time to bud in the vegetative growth stage, and the yield and biological efficiency of fruiting bodies in the reproductive growth stage are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistic of indexes of vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage of Lentinus edodes
As can be seen from Table 1:
(1) as a whole, example 3 is the most preferred example; compared with the comparative example 5, in the examples 1 to 5 of the invention, no matter in the vegetative growth stage or the reproductive growth stage of the mushrooms, all indexes are better, and the conditions are represented as that hyphae grow faster, and the bag filling time and the bud emergence time are shorter. The late budding time adversely affects the yield, so that the yield and biological efficiency of examples 1-5 of the present invention are also higher than those of comparative example 5.
(2) As can be seen from the data of example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, the hypha growth rate, the total yield and the biological efficiency of comparative examples 1 to 4 are all reduced, and the bag filling time and the bud forming time are both prolonged compared with example 3. The increment of the embodiment 3 compared with the comparative example 1 is higher than the sum of the increments of the comparative examples 2-4 respectively compared with the comparative example 1, and therefore, the willow branches, the magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and the amino acid can be mixed, the hypha growth rate, the total yield and the biological efficiency can be synergistically improved, and the bag filling time and the bud forming time can be shortened.
3. The commercial properties of the fruiting body of Lentinus edodes are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 commercial properties of fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes
As can be seen from Table 2: on the whole, compared with the comparative example 5, the commercial properties of the example 3 of the invention are better in each index condition, and are represented as big, fat, thick and heavy. In comparative examples 1-4, each index is reduced compared with example 3; the increment of the embodiment 3 compared with the comparative example 1 is higher than the sum of the increments of the comparative examples 2-4 respectively compared with the comparative example 1, so that the mixture of willow branches, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and amino acid can synergistically improve the commodity characters of the fruiting bodies of the lentinus edodes and improve the product quality.
4. The results of the chemical composition analysis of the fruit body of the second tide are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 analysis of chemical composition of fruiting body of Lentinus edodes
As can be seen from table 3, the protein, crude fiber content was higher in example 3 of the present invention, but the ash content was also higher, compared to comparative example 5; the cadmium content of inventive example 5 is significantly lower than comparative example 5. Comparative examples 6-9 have higher protein and crude fiber contents, but lower ash contents than example 3; and for the cadmium content, the reduction amount of the embodiment 3 compared with the comparative example 6 is larger than the sum of the reduction amounts of the comparative examples 7-9 compared with the comparative example 6 respectively, so that the combination of the vitamin C, the magnesium phosphate, the amino acid and the sodium selenite can synergistically reduce the cadmium content in the lentinus edodes body and improve the safety.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the particular embodiments described herein, but rather as providing the skilled person with the ability to make numerous simplifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be construed in part as broadly as the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The efficient cultivation method of the shiitake mushrooms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a culture medium: mixing willow branch particles with miscellaneous wood chips and bamboo chips, and soaking in rice washing water; removing part of the supernatant, adding wheat bran, gypsum, vitamin C phosphate magnesium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, amino acid and sodium selenite, and stirring to obtain culture base material; subpackaging the culture medium material with polypropylene fungus bags with proper tightness; sterilizing with autoclave, and cooling to obtain culture medium;
s2: inoculation → fungus cultivation management → bag removal → mushroom production management → harvest.
2. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the mass ratio of the miscellaneous tree chips, the bamboo chips and the willow branch particles is 2:5: 1; the addition amount of the wheat bran is 15-25% of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the gypsum is 1 percent of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the vitamin C magnesium phosphate is 0.5-1% of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is 0.5-2% of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the amino acid is 0.5-1% of the total amount of the raw materials; the addition amount of the sodium selenite is 0.03-0.05% of the total amount of the raw materials.
3. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the amino acid is proline; the rice washing water is the first 1-2 rice washing water.
4. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the soaking temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the soaking time is 10-20 h.
5. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the water content of the cultivation base material is 58-62%, and the pH value is 4.5-6.0.
6. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the sterilization temperature is 121 ℃, and the sterilization time is more than 6 h.
7. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the inoculation method is: inoculating in a dibbling mode at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ in an aseptic environment, wherein dibbling row spacing and plant spacing are both 2 inches, and inoculating 3-4 g of cultivated species in each point.
8. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the bacteria culture management includes the steps of: the temperature of the mushroom spores is controlled to be 22-26 ℃ in the germination period, 24-27 ℃ in the hyphal growth period, 10-12 ℃ in the primordial differentiation period and 8-16 ℃ in the sporocarp development period; the air humidity is controlled to be 60-70% in the germination period and the hypha growth period of the lentinula edodes spores, and is controlled to be 75-90% in the primordium differentiation period and the sporocarp development period.
9. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the fruiting management includes the following steps: building a bamboo shed, and covering a sunshade net; transferring the fungus bags to a bamboo shed, laying flat, covering with sandy loam, spraying water, keeping the temperature below 25 ℃, and controlling the temperature difference between day and night to be 10 ℃; keeping the air humidity at 80-90%; the ventilation is maintained.
10. The efficient cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, when the mushroom grows to have a mature commercial character, it is harvested, i.e., the fruiting body fungal lamella is just broken and the pileus edge is kept rolled up.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210796809.4A CN115053753A (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-08 | Efficient cultivation method for mushrooms |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210796809.4A CN115053753A (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-08 | Efficient cultivation method for mushrooms |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN115053753A true CN115053753A (en) | 2022-09-16 |
Family
ID=83204862
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210796809.4A Pending CN115053753A (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-08 | Efficient cultivation method for mushrooms |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN115053753A (en) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06245645A (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1994-09-06 | Hisaharu Kobayashi | Method of whole year artificial culture of agrocybe cylindracea |
CN101317531A (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-10 | 赵伟 | Method for preparing agaricus tabularis peck protospecies with poplar and willow branches |
CN104311245A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 铜陵市香江食用菌种植有限责任公司 | Method of preparing coprinus comatus culture medium by using willow barks |
CN107018797A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-08-08 | 湖州尚翔生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cultivating method for edible fungi |
CN107311824A (en) * | 2017-08-05 | 2017-11-03 | 福建小薇金匙科技孵化有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of planting edible mushroom water-loss reducer |
JP2019165675A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-03 | 地方独立行政法人北海道立総合研究機構 | Culture medium additive for mushroom cultivation, culture medium for mushroom cultivation, and mushroom cultivation method using the culture medium |
CN110301299A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-10-08 | 武汉岁岁丰农业科技开发有限公司 | A method of it preparing Se-enriched yeast and utilizes Se-enriched yeast production liquid spawn plantation selenium-enriched edible mushroom |
-
2022
- 2022-07-08 CN CN202210796809.4A patent/CN115053753A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06245645A (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1994-09-06 | Hisaharu Kobayashi | Method of whole year artificial culture of agrocybe cylindracea |
CN101317531A (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-10 | 赵伟 | Method for preparing agaricus tabularis peck protospecies with poplar and willow branches |
CN104311245A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 铜陵市香江食用菌种植有限责任公司 | Method of preparing coprinus comatus culture medium by using willow barks |
CN107018797A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-08-08 | 湖州尚翔生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cultivating method for edible fungi |
CN107311824A (en) * | 2017-08-05 | 2017-11-03 | 福建小薇金匙科技孵化有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of planting edible mushroom water-loss reducer |
JP2019165675A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-03 | 地方独立行政法人北海道立総合研究機構 | Culture medium additive for mushroom cultivation, culture medium for mushroom cultivation, and mushroom cultivation method using the culture medium |
CN110301299A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-10-08 | 武汉岁岁丰农业科技开发有限公司 | A method of it preparing Se-enriched yeast and utilizes Se-enriched yeast production liquid spawn plantation selenium-enriched edible mushroom |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
胡婷;惠改芳;赵桂慎;郭岩彬: "富硒食用菌研究进展", 食用菌学报, vol. 26, no. 1, pages 1296 - 1297 * |
赵林超: "氮源浓度及乙酸钠对香菇生长的影响研究", 中国知网, no. 08, pages 38 - 40 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102875232B (en) | Edible fungus culture medium using tea resources as main materials and preparation method and application for edible fungus culture medium | |
CN107043280A (en) | A kind of biological compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
CN103168582A (en) | Ecological cycle production method of selenium-rich edible fungus and selenium-rich tea | |
CN102648685A (en) | Chinese mushroom cultivation method and preparation method for special culture medium | |
CN109673389A (en) | A kind of edible fungi substrate synergist and preparation method thereof | |
CN101885631B (en) | Mushroom culture medium taking trimmed orange branches as main raw material and preparation method thereof | |
CN102219587B (en) | Additive for cultivating edible fungi | |
CN115720813A (en) | Efficient artificial synthesis method of lactobacillus plantarum mycorrhiza | |
JPH09191764A (en) | Cultivation of edible fungus capable of enriching nutrient of herbaceous plant suitable for cultivating edible fungus | |
CN106748444B (en) | Formula of high-yield covering soil material for agaricus bisporus and preparation and cultivation method thereof | |
CN111771618A (en) | Fermentation material for producing agaricus bisporus and preparation method thereof | |
CN102972212B (en) | Method for producing pleurotus cornucopiae by taking slag powder as cultivation material | |
CN104186201A (en) | Earth balls artificial cultivation method | |
CN104152149A (en) | Novel multifunctional composite biological soil improvement agent | |
CN106045763A (en) | Fertilizer special for planting and capable of increasing fruit bearing rate of bergamot | |
CN111512891A (en) | Wood rot fungus liquid culture medium and preparation method thereof | |
CN113133376B (en) | Under-forest water and fertilizer integrated block intelligent control planting method | |
CN108610167B (en) | Edible fungus cultivation nutrient for improving lignin conversion rate and method for cultivating edible fungus by using nutrient | |
CN115053753A (en) | Efficient cultivation method for mushrooms | |
CN109122021A (en) | A kind of mushroom cultivating method | |
CN114009273A (en) | Flammulina velutipes culture medium and preparation method thereof | |
CN115053754A (en) | Preparation method of efficient mushroom culture medium and efficient mushroom culture medium | |
CN108834763B (en) | Pretreatment method of pine sawdust as edible fungus cultivation material | |
CN108207493B (en) | Straw rotting type edible fungus liquid strain culture medium, preparation method and application | |
KR100769357B1 (en) | Mass propagation method for pine-mushroomTricholoma matsutake using solid matrix |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |