CN115046416A - Kano battery molten salt energy storage system and working method based on generalized heat pump - Google Patents
Kano battery molten salt energy storage system and working method based on generalized heat pump Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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- F28F27/006—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for regenerative heat-exchange apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
- F28D2020/0047—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material using molten salts or liquid metals
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Abstract
本发明提出基于广义热泵提质的卡诺电池熔盐储能系统及工作方法，基于广义热泵提质的卡诺电池熔盐储能技术及其工作方法主要解决大规模熔盐储能耦合火电机组灵活性改造、退役机组改造、构建卡诺电池储能电站时储能效率低的问题。本发明实施例基于广义热泵的工作原理，利用现有热力系统，耦合熔盐储能系统，利用少量高品位电能或者高温热源作为驱动力，从广义的中低温热源中吸收数量多、品位较低的热量进入熔盐储能系统，进而通过熔盐‑水换热器交换热量加热给水产生高品位蒸汽，进入热力系统做功。最终可实现利用现有成熟设备及应用技术的前提下实现总储能效率达到60％以上。
The present invention proposes a Kano battery molten salt energy storage system and a working method based on generalized heat pump upgrading. The problem of low energy storage efficiency when retrofitting flexibility, retrofitting decommissioned units, and building Kano battery energy storage power stations. The embodiment of the present invention is based on the working principle of a generalized heat pump, utilizes an existing thermal system, couples a molten salt energy storage system, uses a small amount of high-grade electric energy or a high-temperature heat source as a driving force, and absorbs a large quantity and a low grade from a generalized medium-low temperature heat source The heat enters the molten salt energy storage system, and then exchanges heat through the molten salt-water heat exchanger to heat the feed water to generate high-grade steam, which enters the thermal system to do work. Finally, the total energy storage efficiency can reach more than 60% under the premise of using existing mature equipment and application technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of molten salt energy storage, and particularly relates to a Carnot battery molten salt energy storage system based on generalized heat pump quality improvement and a working method.
Background
In a plurality of energy storage technologies, the molten salt energy storage has the characteristics of large scale, long time and low cost, and is widely concerned in flexibility modification and decommissioning unit modification of a thermal power generating unit. The existing more thermal power generating units face retirement, the retired thermal power generating units are transformed into a molten salt energy storage power station, and most of equipment and assets of the thermal power plant can be reserved. Under the route of the prior art, the retirement transformation scheme of the thermal power generating unit is mainly characterized in that a set of fused salt energy storage system is added on the basis of a conventional thermodynamic system, fused salt is directly heated by an electric heater, and the overall energy storage efficiency is about 40%; in addition, if the fused salt is heated by using the extracted steam of the steam turbine of the thermal power generating unit, the irreversible loss of high-grade steam in the heat exchange process is large, the control is complex, and the improvement of the energy storage efficiency is limited and is about 45 percent. According to the development path of the molten salt energy storage transformation demonstration of the existing decommissioned thermal power generating unit, how to combine the decommissioned thermal power generating unit with the molten salt energy storage system and improve the overall energy storage efficiency is difficult; the high-temperature heat pump and even the reversible high-temperature heat pump are utilized to improve the overall energy storage efficiency, so that the large thermal power generating unit is still in the research and development stage and is not applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a Carnot battery molten salt energy storage system based on generalized heat pump upgrading and a working method thereof, and the Carnot battery molten salt energy storage technology based on generalized heat pump upgrading and the working method thereof mainly solve the problems of low energy storage efficiency when a large-scale molten salt energy storage coupled thermal power unit is transformed flexibly, a decommissioned thermal power unit is transformed and a Carnot battery energy storage power station is constructed. The embodiment of the invention is based on the working principle of a generalized heat pump, utilizes the existing thermodynamic system to be coupled with a molten salt energy storage system, utilizes a small amount of high-grade electric energy or high-temperature heat source as driving force, absorbs a large amount of low-grade heat from a generalized middle-low temperature heat source, enters the molten salt energy storage system, and then exchanges heat through a molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly to heat water to generate high-grade steam, which enters the thermodynamic system to do work. Finally, the total energy storage efficiency can reach more than 60 percent on the premise of utilizing the existing mature equipment and application technology.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a carnot battery molten salt energy storage system based on generalized heat pump upgrading, which includes:
a Carnot battery molten salt energy storage power station; the system comprises a thermal power generation system and a molten salt energy storage system; the molten salt energy storage system comprises a molten salt storage piece, a molten salt heat absorption loop and a molten salt heat release loop; a low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger and a high-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger are arranged in the molten salt heat absorption loop; introducing high-grade steam generated in the molten salt heat release loop into the thermal power generation system to do work;
a medium-low temperature heat source; the output end of the low-temperature-section molten salt heat exchanger is connected with the hot side of the low-temperature-section molten salt heat exchanger to heat molten salt on the cold side of the low-temperature-section molten salt heat exchanger; and
a driving heat source; the output end of the heat exchanger is connected with the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger to heat the molten salt in the molten salt heat absorption loop.
In some embodiments, a molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly is disposed in the molten salt heat release circuit; the molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly absorbs heat generated when molten salt in the molten salt storage piece releases heat and generates high-grade steam, and an evaporation heat absorption section of the virtual generalized heat pump is formed; and the high-grade steam is introduced into the thermal power generation system to do work to form an expansion cooling section of the generalized heat pump.
In some embodiments, the molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly comprises a feedwater inlet and a heat absorption steam outlet, wherein the feedwater inlet is connected to a high pressure feedwater outlet of the thermal power generation system; exchanging heat between high-pressure feed water and molten salt in the molten salt heat release loop to generate the high-grade steam; and the heat absorption steam outlet is connected with a steam turbine inlet of the thermal power generation system.
In some embodiments, the driving heat source satisfies at least one of the following;
(1) the driving heat source is electric energy conversion, and the high-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger is an electric heater; the electric heater participates in the rapid frequency modulation of the thermal power generation system; the electric energy is at least one of electric energy of a power grid valley, new energy abandoned electricity and a thermal power generation system;
(2) the driving heat source is a high-temperature heat source; the input end of the high-temperature heat source is connected with an external heat source and/or the steam output end of the thermal power generation system, wherein the steam used as the high-temperature heat source is high-parameter extraction steam of the thermal power generation system.
In some embodiments, the molten salt energy storage system is a combination of molten salt and phase change or chemical heat storage.
In some embodiments, the molten salt storage piece comprises one of a high-low temperature double storage tank, a single tank and a high-low parameter double combined storage tank, and an auxiliary salt pump, a valve and a pipeline thereof.
In some embodiments, the medium and low temperature heat source comprises at least one of a generalized residual steam, a high temperature exhaust gas, an extraction in the thermal power generation system, an extraction in an adjacent thermal power generation system.
In some embodiments, the molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly comprises at least one molten salt-water heat exchanger and at least one molten salt-steam heat exchanger; the molten salt-water heat exchanger and the molten salt-steam heat exchanger are connected in series.
In some embodiments, the embodiment provides a working method of a carnot battery molten salt energy storage system based on generalized heat pump upgrading, the working method of the carnot battery molten salt energy storage system in any one of the embodiments is put into operation, and the working method comprises an energy storage process and an energy release process;
energy storage process: when the grid load is in a valley period: a medium-low temperature heat source is introduced into the hot side of the low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger and stores low-grade heat in the molten salt of the low-temperature section; driving a heat source to heat the molten salt after absorbing heat again; the molten salt is stored after being subjected to gradient temperature rise in a molten salt heat absorption loop;
the energy release process is as follows: when the power grid is in a peak period: high-grade steam is generated after high-pressure feed water passes through the fused salt-water heat exchanger and the fused salt-steam heat exchanger in sequence; and introducing the high-grade steam into the thermal power generation system to do work, and discharging exhaust steam after doing work to a condenser of the thermal power generation system to perform condensation circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the existing application technology and mature equipment are utilized to realize the comprehensive energy storage efficiency of more than 60 percent;
(2) the technology is the most competitive scheme in the existing decommissioning unit transformation scheme, and is expected to utilize the bottleneck period of high-temperature heat pump technology research and development to firstly realize the transformation and demonstration of the first high-efficiency independent molten salt energy storage power station in China;
(3) when the invention is used for the retired unit transformation, the transformation amount is small, the one-time investment is relatively low, the overall efficiency of the system is high, and the applied technology is mature.
(4) A small amount of high-grade heat sources can drive a large amount of medium-low temperature heat sources from residual steam, waste gas, on-line exhaust steam and the like to enter a molten salt system, so that high-efficiency conversion is realized.
Additional aspects and advantages will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Carnot cell molten salt energy storage system based on generalized heat pump upgrading according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage operation of a Carnot battery molten salt energy storage system based on generalized heat pump upgrading according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy release operation of a Carnot battery molten salt energy storage system based on generalized heat pump upgrading according to an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure, 1, a boiler; 2. a high pressure cylinder; 3. an intermediate pressure cylinder; 4. a steam discharge control valve; 5. a low pressure cylinder; 6. a generator; 7. a condenser; 8. a condensate pump; 9. a low pressure heater; 10. a deaerator; 11. a feed pump; 12. a high pressure heater; 13. adjusting a valve; 14. a high parameter low temperature salt tank; 15. a high-parameter molten salt pump; 16. a low temperature section molten salt heat exchanger; 17. an electric heater; 18. a high-parameter high-temperature salt tank; 19. a low parameter low temperature salt tank; 20. a low parameter molten salt pump; 24. a low parameter high temperature salt tank; 25. a molten salt preheater; 26. a molten salt steam generator; 27. a molten salt superheater; 28. a molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. On the contrary, the embodiments of the invention include all changes, modifications and equivalents coming within the spirit and terms of the claims appended hereto.
In order to achieve the purpose, the embodiment of the invention provides a carnot battery molten salt energy storage system based on generalized heat pump upgrading as shown in fig. 1-3, which comprises a carnot battery molten salt energy storage power station, a medium-low temperature heat source and a driving heat source; the Carnot battery molten salt energy storage power station comprises a thermal power generation system and a molten salt energy storage system; the molten salt energy storage system is a combination of molten salt and any one of phase change heat storage, chemical heat storage and other heat storage technologies, and mainly comprises a molten salt storage part, a molten salt heat absorption loop and a molten salt heat release loop; a low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16 and a high-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger are arranged in the molten salt heat absorption loop; and introducing high-grade steam generated in the molten salt heat release loop into a thermal power generation system to do work.
The thermal power generation system is an existing conventional arrangement, and specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, an exemplary operation flow is as follows: steam from an outlet a of a superheater of the boiler 1 enters a high-pressure cylinder 2 to do work, exhaust steam in the high-pressure cylinder 2 enters a reheater of the boiler 1, steam at an outlet b of the reheater enters an intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 to do work, an exhaust steam control valve 4 is arranged between exhaust steam of the intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 and a low-pressure cylinder 5, and exhaust steam of the intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 is controlled by the exhaust steam control valve 4 to realize zero-output work of the low-pressure cylinder 5; steam entering the low-pressure cylinder 5 is discharged into a condenser 7 after doing work, the generator 6 is driven to generate electricity, condensed water in the condenser 7 enters a deaerator 10 through a condensed water pump 8 and a low-pressure heater 9, and after being reheated in the deaerator 10, the condensed water is pumped into a high-pressure heater 12 through a water feeding pump 11 and finally enters the boiler 1 to complete the whole power cycle.
For convenience of understanding, wherein a is an outlet of a superheater of the boiler 1, b is an outlet of a reheater of the boiler 1, c is a main steam extraction port, e is a hot re-steam extraction port, f is a steam side inlet of the low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16, and d is an inlet of a condenser 7; g is a high-pressure water supply outlet, and h is a reheat steam inlet pipeline.
In the energy storage process, as shown in fig. 2, the output end of the low-temperature heat source is connected with the hot side of the low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16 to heat the molten salt at the cold side of the low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16 on the molten salt heat absorption loop, and at the moment, a large amount of low-grade heat is stored in the molten salt at the low-temperature section of the molten salt storage element; the molten salt in the low-temperature section absorbs low-grade heat and then enters the high-temperature section, the driving heat source utilizes the high-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger to heat the molten salt again for upgrading, and the low-temperature molten salt is stored after being gradually and gradiently heated in the molten salt heat absorption loop of the embodiment. In the energy release process, as shown in fig. 3, a molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly 28 is arranged in a molten salt heat release loop; the molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly 28 exchanges heat with molten salt in the molten salt storage piece when releasing heat to generate high grade, and steam high grade steam can be introduced into the thermal power generation system to do work.
Therefore, the technical solution in this embodiment can be understood as: a generalized heat pump is integrally formed by a module A consisting of a molten salt energy storage system, a module B consisting of an existing thermal power generation system, a medium-low temperature heat source and a driving heat source, and is particularly shown in figure 1; the A module is equivalent to an evaporation heat absorption section of a generalized heat pump, the B module is equivalent to an expansion cooling section of the generalized heat pump as a whole, the working process of steam in a turbine is approximate to adiabatic expansion, and condensed steam is approximate to adiabatic compression in a feed water pump 11.
The operation process of the generalized heat pump can be described as follows:
firstly, determining a medium-low temperature heat source and a driving heat source; the medium-low temperature heat source can be understood as various low-grade heat sources, and the part of heat sources are characterized by low energy grade, large quantity and low direct utilization efficiency, and are not suitable for direct utilization;
the driving heat source may be understood as one of the following;
(1) the driving heat source is electric energy conversion, and the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger is an electric heater 17; the electric heater 17 can participate in the rapid frequency modulation of the thermal power generation system; the electric energy is at least one of electric energy of a power grid valley, new energy abandoned electricity and a thermal power generation system;
(2) the driving heat source is a high-temperature heat source; wherein the input end of the high-temperature heat source is connected with an external heat source and/or the steam output end of the thermal power generation system, and the steam used as the high-temperature heat source is high-parameter extraction steam. The driving heat source is used for further heating a large amount of low-grade heat entering the molten salt storage piece, so that the grade of energy stored in the molten salt storage piece is gradually improved; the part of the driving heat source is characterized by high grade and small quantity.
Understandably, if the driving heat source adopts electric energy, the power grid valley electricity or new energy is preferentially utilized to abandon the electricity; if the driving heat source adopts a high-temperature heat source, heat exchange is carried out by adopting an external high-temperature heat source or the parameters of the high-temperature section of the thermal power generation system; molten salt enters a high-temperature salt tank for storage after being subjected to step-by-step gradient temperature rise in a heat absorption loop
In the embodiment, the energy grade in the molten salt storage piece is gradually improved through the low-temperature heat source and the driving heat source; the high-pressure feed water absorbs the heat of the molten salt in the molten salt storage part through the molten salt-water/steam heat exchange component 28 to generate high-grade steam, the high-grade steam can be introduced into a thermal power generation system to do work to generate power to obtain electric energy, finally the exhaust steam which does work is condensed in the condenser 7 and enters thermodynamic cycle after being pressurized by the feed water pump 11. Illustratively, the molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly 28 includes a feedwater inlet and a heat absorption steam outlet, wherein the feedwater inlet is connected to the high pressure feedwater outlet of the thermal power generation system; exchanging heat between the high-pressure feed water and the molten salt in the molten salt heat release loop; the heat absorption steam outlet is connected with the inlet of a steam turbine of the thermal power generation system.
In addition, the A module and the B module can be combined to form a Carnot battery molten salt energy storage power station, and the Carnot battery molten salt energy storage power station comprises an energy storage process and an energy release process.
Energy storage process: when the load of a power grid is in a trough period, the output of a steam turbine needs to be further reduced by deep adjustment of the existing unit, at the moment, part of steam (which can be from main steam, hot re-steam, cold re-steam, exhaust steam of a medium pressure cylinder 3 and the like) in the module B or a large amount of low-grade heat from the outside is extracted and can be used and enter the module A for storage, so that the output of the steam turbine in the module B can be reduced when the boiler 1 in the module B is under high load, and machine-furnace decoupling and heat energy storage are realized.
The energy release process is as follows: when the load of a power grid is in a peak time period and the existing thermal power generation system unit needs to rapidly output a peak, high-pressure feed water at a high-pressure outlet of the thermal power generation system is extracted and sent into a heat release loop of a molten salt energy storage system, part of high-pressure feed water in a module B is extracted and enters a module A, the high-pressure feed water and molten salt in the module A undergo heat exchange through a molten salt-water/steam heat exchange component 28 to generate high-temperature high-pressure high-grade steam, the high-grade steam finally enters the module A to do work, and exhaust steam after doing work is discharged to a condenser 7 to undergo condensation circulation.
In some embodiments, the molten salt storage part comprises one of a high-low temperature double-storage tank, a single-tank and a high-low parameter double-combination storage tank, and an auxiliary salt pump, a valve and a pipeline thereof, and the exemplary embodiment is described in detail by taking the molten salt storage part as the high-low parameter double-combination storage tank.
Wherein the low-parameter molten salt adopts solar salt with the temperature parameter of 166-450 ℃, wherein the temperature of the low-parameter low-temperature molten salt is 166 ℃, and the temperature of the low-parameter high-temperature molten salt is 450 ℃; the high-parameter fused salt adopts ternary carbonate with the temperature parameter of 398-650 ℃, the temperature of the high-parameter low-temperature fused salt is 450 ℃, and the temperature of the high-parameter high-temperature fused salt is 600 ℃.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the molten salt energy storage system includes a low-parameter low-temperature salt tank 19, a low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24, a high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14, and a high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18, the low-parameter low-temperature salt tank 19 and the low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24 are communicated with each other, a low-parameter molten salt pump 20 is arranged therebetween, the high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14 and the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18 are communicated with each other, and a high-parameter molten salt pump 15 is arranged therebetween; and a molten salt heat absorption loop and a molten salt heat release loop are arranged between the low-parameter low-temperature salt tank 19 and the low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24, and between the high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14 and the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18.
The molten salt heat absorption loop comprises a low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16 and a high-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger, wherein the low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16 in the embodiment can be understood as a molten salt-steam heat exchanger; the driving heat source in the present embodiment is electric energy conversion, and the high-temperature stage molten salt heat exchanger in the present embodiment may be understood as the electric heater 17.
The medium-low temperature heat source is steam with the temperature of 374 ℃, the output end of the medium-low temperature heat source is connected with the hot side of the low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16, and low-temperature molten salt with the temperature of 166 ℃ on the cold side in the low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16 is heated; the medium-low temperature heat source in the embodiment is steam exhausted from the medium-pressure cylinder 3, at the moment, the molten salt absorbs a large amount of low-grade heat, and the heated molten salt is heated to 450 ℃ by the electric heater 17 and then enters the low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24 for storage. Wherein the input end of the electric heater 17 is connected with the valley electricity of the power grid in the embodiment, the exhaust steam of the intermediate pressure cylinder 3 firstly enters the low temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16 for heat exchange and then falls to 175 ℃ and then enters the condenser 7 for condensation, and the pipeline for the low temperature heat source steam entering the condenser 7 is provided with the regulating valve 13.
Preferably, the molten salt heat absorption loops arranged between the low-parameter low-temperature salt tank 19 and the low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24 and between the high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14 and the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18 are different, wherein the molten salt heat absorption loop arranged between the low-parameter low-temperature salt tank 19 and the low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24 comprises a low-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 16 and a high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger; and a molten salt heat absorption loop is arranged between the high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14 and the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18, and only a high-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger can be arranged. Namely, the electric heater 17 heats the high-parameter low-temperature molten salt at 450 ℃ to 600 ℃, and then the high-parameter low-temperature molten salt enters the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18 for heat storage, so that the heat storage process of the low-parameter molten salt energy storage system is completed. It can be understood that the power requirements of different levels of voltage, such as 380V, 690V, 6000V or 10000V, can be realized through voltage transformation, and the rapid frequency modulation of partial electric loads can be realized by utilizing the service power. In the embodiment, under the condition that the difference of the total energy storage efficiency is not large, the high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14 and the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18 are arranged between the high-parameter low-temperature salt tank and the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank, and only the high-temperature-section molten salt heat exchanger can be arranged in the molten salt heat absorption loop, so that the control complexity of the system can be simplified to a certain extent.
In some embodiments a molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly 28 is disposed in the molten salt heat rejection circuit, wherein the molten salt-water/steam heat exchange assembly 28 comprises at least one molten salt-water heat exchanger and at least one molten salt-steam heat exchanger; the molten salt-water heat exchanger and the molten salt-steam heat exchanger are connected in series.
As shown in fig. 3, the molten salt heat release loop includes a molten salt preheater 25, a molten salt steam generator 26 and a molten salt superheater 27 connected in series, a cold side inlet of the molten salt preheater 25 is connected to an outlet of the high-pressure heater 12 of the thermal power generation system, a cold side outlet of the molten salt preheater 25 is connected to a cold side inlet of the molten salt steam generator 26, and a cold side outlet of the molten salt steam generator 26 is connected to an inlet of the molten salt superheater 27; the outlet of the molten salt superheater 27 is connected with a reheat steam pipeline of the thermal power generation system.
The working principle of the molten salt heat release circuit in the embodiment is as follows: a cold side inlet of the molten salt preheater 25 is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure heater 12, high-pressure feed water continuously enters the molten salt steam generator 26 to absorb heat to generate steam after absorbing heat in the molten salt preheater 25 and is introduced into a cold side of the molten salt superheater 27, and meanwhile low-parameter high-temperature molten salt flows through a hot side of the molten salt steam generator 26 from the low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24, flows to the hot side of the molten salt preheater 25 and then enters the low-parameter low-temperature salt tank 19;
a cold side outlet of the fused salt superheater 27 is connected with a hot re-steam pipeline from the boiler 1 to the intermediate pressure cylinder 3, and steam absorbs heat in the fused salt superheater 27 and then becomes superheated steam which enters the intermediate pressure cylinder 3 to do work; meanwhile, an inlet and an outlet of the hot side of the molten salt superheater 27 are respectively connected with an outlet of the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18 and an inlet of the high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14, and the high-parameter high-temperature molten salt enters the molten salt superheater 27 to release heat and then enters the high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14.
In order to prove the total energy storage efficiency of the embodiment, the flexibility of a 670MW supercritical unit is modified under a 40% THA working condition, or the molten salt energy storage decommissioning of a 276MW supercritical unit is taken as an example of the conventional thermal power generation system, wherein the main steam parameter is 566 ℃/24.2MPa, the reheating parameter is 566 ℃/1.747MPa, the reheating cooling section 259 ℃/2.287MPa, and the power generation amount of the unit before modification is 276 MW.
Solar salt with the temperature parameter of 166-450 ℃ is adopted in the low-parameter molten salt energy storage system, wherein the temperature of the low-parameter low-temperature molten salt is 166 ℃, and the temperature of the low-parameter high-temperature molten salt is 450 ℃; ternary carbonate with the temperature parameter of 398-650 ℃ is adopted in the high-parameter molten salt energy storage system, the temperature of the high-parameter low-temperature molten salt is 450 ℃, and the temperature of the high-parameter high-temperature molten salt is 600 ℃; the capacity of low-temperature solar salt is configured to be 446MW, the amount of molten salt is 5235.2t, the storage tank passes through 18 meters straight, and the height of the storage tank is 11 m; the capacity of the high-temperature salt carbonate is configured to be 235MW, the molten salt amount is 2764.8t, the diameter of the storage tank is 14 meters, and the height of the storage tank is 8 meters.
Energy storage process: the exhaust steam of an intermediate pressure cylinder 3 of the thermal power generation system is used as a medium-low temperature heat source (temperature of 374 ℃), a low-parameter molten salt energy storage system is introduced, high-grade electric energy is used as a driving power supply, and the electric energy preferentially uses valley electricity of a power grid. The exhaust steam of the intermediate pressure cylinder 3 firstly enters a low-temperature section molten salt heat exchanger 16 to heat low-parameter low-temperature molten salt, then is cooled to 175 ℃, and then enters a condenser 7 to be condensed, and the low-parameter low-temperature molten salt (166 ℃) is heated in a molten salt-steam heat exchanger, then enters an electric heater 17 to be further heated to 450 ℃, and enters a low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24 to store heat; the molten salt is directly heated by electric heating in the high-parameter molten salt tank, and the high-parameter low-temperature molten salt (450 ℃) is heated to 600 ℃ and then enters the high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18 for heat storage.
The energy release process is as follows: 231 ℃ feed water led out from the outlet of a feed water pump 11 of the thermal power generation system absorbs heat in a molten salt steam generator 26 and a molten salt preheater 25 firstly, the absorbed feed water becomes saturated steam and enters a molten salt superheater 27, the steam continuously absorbs heat in the molten salt superheater 27 and then becomes 566 ℃ superheated steam, and the superheated steam enters the intermediate pressure cylinder 3 from the outlet of the molten salt superheater 27 through a reheat steam pipeline of the thermal power generation system to do work; molten salt side: the molten salt enters a molten salt superheater 27 from a high-parameter high-temperature salt tank 18, the temperature of the molten salt is reduced to 450 ℃ after heat release, and the molten salt enters a high-parameter low-temperature salt tank 14; the other path of molten salt enters the two-stage molten salt steam device from the low-parameter high-temperature salt tank 24 and then returns to the low-parameter low-temperature salt tank 19, and the temperature is reduced to about 200 ℃.
A generalized heat pump formed by coupling a thermodynamic system with molten salt energy storage under the working condition is simulated by using Thermoflex software, and the generated energy of 165373kW in an energy charging stage, the total power of 51954kW of a molten salt heat exchanger, the heat storage time duration of 6h, the heat storage amount of 681MW, the total generated power of 622MWh in an energy storage stage, the total generated energy of 328687kW in an energy release stage, the total power of 160114kW of the molten salt heat exchanger, the power generation time duration of 4.2h and the total energy storage efficiency of 68.3% of the system can be obtained through calculation.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description of the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
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