CN115031983A - Load spectrum compiling method for front axle durability rapid test - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a load spectrum compilation method for a front axle durability quick test, which considers that the collected load spectrums of the same part of a vehicle have similarity under the same test field road and test specification, and provides a compilation method for a front axle durability quick test load spectrum based on the existing front axle load spectrum data of a heavy vehicle by combining a finite element analysis theory and method, load spectrum standardization research, load difference analysis among wheels, multi-axis damage assessment, multi-axis load dimension reduction processing and the like. The test load spectrum can be quickly obtained according to the front axle load data of the existing vehicle type, and is used for verifying the reliability of the front axle, shortening the research and development period and saving the cost. Meanwhile, the complexity of the bench test can be simplified after the dimension reduction treatment, the configuration requirement on the test bench is reduced, and the feasibility of the durability evaluation of the front axle is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile durability test, and particularly relates to a load spectrum compiling method for a front axle durability rapid test.
Background
The acquisition and compilation of a test field load spectrum are the basis of a front axle durability bench test, a series of work such as sensor arrangement, road spectrum signal acquisition and signal processing is generally required to be carried out, the period is long, a large amount of manpower and financial resources are consumed, and the reliability verification of a front axle cannot be carried out at the initial design stage. Therefore, the invention provides a method for compiling a front axle durability quick test load spectrum based on the load data of the front axle of the existing heavy vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a load spectrum compiling method for a front axle durability quick test, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a load spectrum compiling method for a front axle durability rapid test, which comprises the following steps:
applying unit loads in different directions to a front axle of a heavy-duty vehicle, taking the process as a load process of the front axle, and analyzing a failure part and a damage contribution value of the front axle in the load process;
acquiring a peak-valley value of the front axle in a load process, and acquiring a relative dynamic load coefficient based on the peak-valley value;
constructing a front axle load process of the light vehicle based on the relative dynamic load coefficient;
carrying out time domain characteristic analysis of left and right side loads and wheel difference analysis on the load process of the front axle of the light vehicle to obtain a side load process with a larger damage contribution value;
based on the load process of the side with the larger damage contribution value, carrying out load coupling damage assessment in the Fx direction and the Fz direction on a two-dimensional plane where the front axle of the light vehicle is located, acquiring damage contribution values generated in different directions and carrying out dimension reduction treatment;
and compiling a load spectrum of a front axle durability quick test based on the Fx and Fz direction load history of the front axle of the light vehicle.
Optionally, in the process of analyzing the failure location and the damage contribution value of the front axle in the load history, the different directions include X, Y, Z, and only the failure location and the damage contribution value in the X direction and the Z direction are analyzed.
Optionally, before obtaining the relative dynamic load coefficient based on the peak-to-valley value, the method further includes: and carrying out normalization processing on the load history of the front axle.
Optionally, the obtaining of the peak-to-valley value of the front axle in the load process further includes obtaining a peak-to-valley value-frequency distribution map based on the peak-to-valley value; the process of obtaining the relative dynamic load coefficient load history based on the relative dynamic load coefficient further comprises: and acquiring a relative dynamic load coefficient-frequency distribution diagram based on the acquired relative dynamic load coefficient.
Optionally, the process of performing time domain characteristic analysis of left and right side loads and analysis of wheel-to-wheel difference on the front axle load process of the light vehicle includes:
analyzing the time domain characteristics of the left and right side loads of the front axle load process of the light vehicle, and comparing the time domain synchronism of the left and right side loads of the front axle;
and carrying out acceleration spectrum compilation on the side with the large damage contribution value to realize the normalization of the loads on the left side and the right side of the front axle.
Optionally, the process of performing Fx-Fz-direction load coupling damage evaluation on a two-dimensional plane where a front axle of the light vehicle is located, acquiring damage contribution values generated in different directions, and performing dimension reduction processing includes:
determining one direction at intervals of 10 degrees by taking a two-dimensional plane where a front axle of the light vehicle is positioned as a reference, and determining 19 directions;
respectively calculating damage contribution values generated by the load process in all directions, and performing multi-axis damage evaluation to obtain an evaluation result;
and performing dimension reduction processing on the multi-axis load based on the evaluation result.
Optionally, the process of compiling the load spectrum of the quick test for the durability of the front axle based on the Fx and Fz directional load history of the front axle of the light vehicle comprises:
counting the load processes in the Fx direction and the Fz direction based on a rain flow counting method to obtain the load cycle times in each stress range;
calculating the damage corresponding to each level of load based on a linear accumulated damage formula, and editing a five-level load spectrum;
based on the damage equivalence principle, transferring the loads of all levels to the highest level;
and acquiring a durability rack load spectrum of the front axle of the light vehicle.
Optionally, the process of obtaining the durability rack load spectrum of the front axle of the light vehicle comprises:
and acquiring load amplitude values after the loads at all levels are transferred to the highest level, increasing the load amplitude values by 10%, and multiplying the load amplitude values by the vertical force of the light vehicle when the light vehicle is static and fully loaded to acquire the durability bench load spectrum of the front axle of the light vehicle.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention considers that the collected load spectrums of the same part of the vehicle have similarity under the same test field road and test specification, and combines the technologies of finite element analysis theory and method, load spectrum standardization research, multi-axis damage assessment, multi-axis load dimension reduction processing, wheel load difference analysis and the like to analyze, screen and process the load data of the front axle of the existing heavy vehicle, so as to rapidly compile the 2.4T light-weight front axle durability bench test load spectrum. The compiled load spectrum can be used for verifying the reliability of the front axle at the initial design stage, so that the test period is shortened, and the cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the complexity of the bench test can be simplified after the dimension reduction treatment, the configuration requirement of the test bench is reduced, and the feasibility of the durability evaluation of the front axle is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a load spectrum compilation method for a rapid durability test of a front axle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a load history of a part of the front axle of the heavy vehicle in the second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a peak-to-valley load-frequency distribution diagram of 8.5T and 4.5T vehicles according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a distribution diagram of the load relative dynamic load coefficient-frequency of 8.5T and 4.5T vehicle types in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a load history of a front axle relative dynamic load coefficient of a 2.4T vehicle type in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a time domain characteristic diagram of the left and right side loads in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing right and left equidirectional load damage in the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a load history from the front axle X, Z of the 2.4T vehicle in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a distribution of Fx-Fz coupled damage in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows the damage value and the five-level loading spectrum in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
Example one
The embodiment provides a load spectrum compiling method for a front axle durability rapid test, which includes:
based on 8.5T and 4.5T heavy-duty vehicle front axle load spectrums measured under the same test field road and test specifications, firstly carrying out peak-valley value extraction on a heavy-duty vehicle load process, carrying out standardization processing on the load process to obtain a relative dynamic load coefficient-frequency histogram, secondly evaluating failure parts and damage contributions caused by loads in different directions, constructing a dynamic load process of the 2.4T front axle according to a conservative principle of a bench test, carrying out time domain characteristic analysis and wheel difference analysis on the constructed load process, unifying the load processes of left and right wheels, then carrying out multi-axis coupling damage evaluation to realize the dimension reduction processing of the load, finally compiling a five-level load spectrum, and transferring to the highest level to obtain a rapid load spectrum of the bench test;
based on the existing heavy vehicle load process, carrying out peak-valley value extraction and standardization processing, comparing impact intensity of different vehicle type loads, and selecting a 4.5T vehicle type front axle load with larger impact intensity as a compilation basis of a 2.4T vehicle type front axle load;
determining one direction at intervals of 10 degrees by taking an XZ plane as a reference, determining 19 directions in total, respectively calculating damage values of a load course in each direction, performing multi-axis damage evaluation, and performing dimension reduction processing on the multi-axis load according to an evaluation result;
according to the conclusion: and (4) correcting the load amplitude obtained in the step (7) when the impact intensity of the light vehicle is higher than that of the heavy vehicle, and taking a correction coefficient of 1.1, namely increasing the load amplitude by 10%.
Specifically, the invention provides a load spectrum compiling method for a front axle durability rapid test, which comprises the following steps:
applying unit loads in different directions to a front axle of a heavy-duty vehicle, taking the process as a load process of the front axle, and analyzing a failure part and a damage contribution value of the front axle in the load process;
in the process of analyzing the failure part and the damage contribution value of the front axle in the load process, different directions comprise X, Y, Z, and only the failure part and the damage contribution value in the X direction and the Z direction are analyzed;
acquiring a peak-valley value of the front axle in a load process, carrying out standardization processing on the load process of the front axle, and acquiring a relative dynamic load coefficient based on the peak-valley value;
the method comprises the following steps of obtaining a peak-valley value-frequency distribution diagram of the front axle in a load process based on the peak-valley value; the process of obtaining the load history of the relative dynamic load coefficient based on the relative dynamic load coefficient further comprises the following steps: acquiring a relative dynamic load coefficient-frequency distribution graph based on the acquired relative dynamic load coefficient;
constructing a front axle load process of the light vehicle based on the relative dynamic load coefficient;
carrying out time domain characteristic analysis of left and right side loads and wheel difference analysis on a front axle load process of the light vehicle to obtain a side load process with a larger damage contribution value, and developing a front axle acceleration load spectrum based on the load process;
the process of carrying out time domain characteristic analysis of left and right side loads and wheel difference analysis on the front axle load process of the light vehicle comprises the following steps:
analyzing the time domain characteristics of the left and right side loads of the front axle load process of the light vehicle, and comparing the time domain synchronism of the left and right side loads of the front axle;
the acceleration spectrum is compiled on the side with large damage contribution value, so that the normalization of the left and right side loads of the front axle is realized
Carrying out Fx and Fz-direction load coupling damage assessment on a two-dimensional plane where a front axle of a light vehicle is located, acquiring damage contribution values generated in different directions and carrying out dimension reduction treatment, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps:
determining one direction at intervals of 10 degrees by taking a two-dimensional plane where a front axle of the light vehicle is positioned as a reference, and determining 19 directions;
respectively calculating damage contribution values of the load process in all directions, performing multi-axis damage evaluation to obtain an evaluation result, and performing dimension reduction processing on the multi-axis load based on the evaluation result;
the method is characterized in that a front axle durability rapid test load spectrum is compiled based on Fx and Fz direction load processes of a front axle of a light vehicle, and the concrete process comprises the following steps:
the process of compiling the load spectrum of the front axle durability quick test based on the Fx and Fz direction load history of the front axle of the light vehicle comprises the following steps:
counting the load processes in the Fx direction and the Fz direction based on a rain flow counting method to obtain the load cycle times in each stress range;
calculating the damage corresponding to each level of load based on a linear accumulated damage formula, and editing a five-level load spectrum;
based on the damage equivalence principle, transferring the loads of all levels to the highest level;
obtaining a durability rack load spectrum of a front axle of a light vehicle;
the process of obtaining the durability bench load spectrum of the front axle of the light vehicle comprises the following steps:
and acquiring load amplitude values after the loads at all levels are transferred to the highest level, increasing the load amplitude value by 10 percent, and multiplying the load amplitude values by the vertical force of the light vehicle when the light vehicle is static and fully loaded to acquire a durability bench load spectrum of the front axle of the light vehicle.
Example two
The general implementation scheme flow of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the steps of analyzing damage contribution and failure parts of a front axle structure under the action of loads in different directions, analyzing heavy vehicle load peak-valley distribution characteristics, carrying out standardized processing on heavy vehicle load data, constructing a 2.4T vehicle type front axle load process, analyzing left and right side load time domain characteristics, analyzing wheel difference, normalizing left and right side loads, carrying out multi-axis load dimension reduction processing, and compiling an acceleration test load spectrum. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
Fig. 2 is a load history of a front axle of a partial heavy vehicle.
As shown in FIG. 2, X, Z has consistency to the failure part caused by the load action, the Y-direction load value is small, the damage contribution to the front axle is small, the damage caused by the Y-direction load can be ignored, and only the X, Z direction load process is analyzed.
And 2, extracting and counting the peak-valley values of the 8.5T and 4.5T vehicle type front axle X, Z from the load time process to obtain a peak-valley value-frequency distribution graph corresponding to the load process.
Fig. 3 is a peak-to-valley load-frequency distribution diagram for 8.5T and 4.5T vehicle types.
And 3, normalizing the load time history of the 8.5T and 4.5T vehicle type front axles X, Z, and dividing the peak-valley value by the vertical force Fz when the respective vehicle type is in a static full load state to obtain the relative dynamic load coefficient-frequency distribution map of the 8.5T and 4.5 vehicle type front axle loads. The relative dynamic load coefficient is:
wherein F i Is the peak-to-valley value of the load as a function of time; f z The vertical force is the vertical force when the vehicle is statically and fully loaded.
And (3) comparing and analyzing the impact intensity of the front axle loads of the two types of vehicles, selecting the more dangerous 4.5T type of vehicle front axle load as a basis based on a rack test conservative principle, and constructing a relative dynamic load coefficient load process of the 2.4T type of vehicle front axle.
FIG. 4 is a graph of load versus dynamic load coefficient versus frequency for an 8.5T, 4.5T vehicle.
FIG. 5 is the load history of the front axle relative dynamic load coefficient of the 2.4T vehicle.
As shown in fig. 4, compared with the 8.5T vehicle type, the range of the relative dynamic load coefficient of the front axle load of the 4.5T vehicle type is larger, and the frequency of the same dynamic load coefficient is also higher, so that the impact intensity of the front axle load of the 4.5T vehicle type is larger, and the relative dynamic load coefficient load course of the front axle of the 2.4T vehicle type as shown in fig. 5 is constructed by selecting the more dangerous front axle load of the 4.5T vehicle type as the basis.
And 3, performing time domain characteristic analysis on the left and right loads on the load process constructed in the figure 5, and comparing the time domain synchronicity of the left and right loads.
Fig. 6 is a time-domain characteristic diagram of the left and right side loads.
As shown in fig. 6, the loads on the left and right sides have better synchronicity in the time domain, and the normalization of the load courses on the two sides can be realized when the bench test is performed.
And 5, performing inter-wheel difference analysis on the load process constructed in the figure 5, comparing damage contribution amounts of loads in different directions and different sides, selecting the load at the side which is more dangerous to perform acceleration spectrum compilation, and realizing normalization of the loads at the left side and the right side in a bench test.
According to the method, only one acceleration spectrum compilation is performed, and the purpose of performing left and right side load time domain characteristic analysis and wheel difference analysis on the front axle load process in the step 5 is to determine the load process for subsequent acceleration spectrum compilation, and the acceleration spectrum compilation is not directly performed.
FIG. 7 is a comparison of right and left side co-directional load damage.
Fig. 8 is a load progression from the front axle X, Z of a 2.4T vehicle.
As shown in fig. 7, the X, Z on the right side all contribute more to the load damage than the load on the left side, so the more dangerous right side load history is selected for the formation of the accelerometer to determine the load history as shown in fig. 8.
And 6, taking an XZ plane as a reference, carrying out load coupling damage evaluation in the Fx-Fz direction, determining 19 directions in one direction at an interval of 10 degrees on the XZ plane, and respectively calculating and comparing damage values generated in each direction by using a PotentialDamage module in the Ncode.
Figure 9 is a Fx-Fz coupled lesion map.
As shown in fig. 9, the largest damage occurs in the direction of 10 ° from Fz, and the damage value differs from Fz by only 3%, so that the dimension reduction processing can be performed on the multiaxial loading condition, and X, Z-direction load spectrum can be loaded independently during the bench test.
And 7, taking the Fx and Fz direction load processes determined in the step 5 as objects to compile a front axle durability rapid test load spectrum, firstly counting the Fx and Fz direction load processes by using a rain flow counting method to obtain the load cycle times in each stress range, then calculating the damage corresponding to each stage of load by using a Miner linear accumulated damage formula, and compiling a five-stage load spectrum. The damage corresponding to each stage of load cycle is as follows:
wherein n is i The actual load cycle times of each stage are obtained; n is a radical of hydrogen i The service life under the load action of each stage.
And then, transferring the loads of all stages to the highest stage according to the damage equivalence principle.
Fig. 10 is a damage value and quinary load spectrum.
As shown in fig. 10, according to the damage equivalence principle, the load history can be programmed into a five-level load spectrum, loads of all levels are transferred to the highest level, and a small cycle of a test field is equivalent to 31 times of X-direction highest level load equal-amplitude experiments and 11 times of Z-direction highest level load equal-amplitude experiments;
and 8, based on the analysis conclusion of the step 3: and (4) increasing the load amplitude obtained in the step (7) by 10% when the impact intensity of the light vehicle is higher than that of the heavy vehicle, and multiplying the load amplitude by the vertical force Fz of the 2.4T vehicle during static and full load to obtain a durability bench test load spectrum of the front axle of the 2.4T vehicle.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A load spectrum compiling method for a front axle durability quick test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
applying unit loads in different directions to a front axle of a heavy-duty vehicle, taking the process as a load process of the front axle, and analyzing a failure part and a damage contribution value of the front axle in the load process;
acquiring a peak-valley value of the front axle in a load process, and acquiring a relative dynamic load coefficient based on the peak-valley value;
constructing a front axle load process of the light vehicle based on the relative dynamic load coefficient;
carrying out time domain characteristic analysis of left and right side loads and wheel difference analysis on the load process of the front axle of the light vehicle to obtain a side load process with a larger damage contribution value;
based on the load process of the side with the larger damage contribution value, carrying out load coupling damage assessment in the Fx direction and the Fz direction on a two-dimensional plane where the front axle of the light vehicle is located, acquiring damage contribution values generated in different directions and carrying out dimension reduction treatment;
and compiling a load spectrum of a front axle durability quick test based on the Fx and Fz direction load history of the front axle of the light vehicle.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in analyzing the failure site and damage contribution values of the front axle in the load history, the different directions include X, Y, Z, and only the failure site and damage contribution values in the X-direction and the Z-direction are analyzed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to obtaining the relative dynamic load coefficient based on the peak-to-valley value, the method further comprises: and carrying out normalization processing on the load history of the front axle.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the peak-to-valley values of the front axle over the load history further comprises obtaining a peak-to-valley-frequency profile based on the peak-to-valley values; the process of obtaining the relative dynamic load coefficient load history based on the relative dynamic load coefficient further comprises the following steps: and acquiring a relative dynamic load coefficient-frequency distribution graph based on the acquired relative dynamic load coefficient.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process of analyzing the time domain characteristics of the left and right side loads and the difference between wheels of the front axle load history of the light vehicle comprises:
analyzing the time domain characteristics of the left and right side loads of the front axle load process of the light vehicle, and comparing the time domain synchronism of the left and right side loads of the front axle;
and carrying out acceleration spectrum compilation on the side with the large damage contribution value to realize the normalization of the loads on the left side and the right side of the front axle.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process of performing Fx-Fz direction load coupling damage assessment on a two-dimensional plane where a front axle of the light vehicle is located, acquiring damage contribution values generated in different directions and performing dimension reduction treatment comprises:
determining one direction at intervals of 10 degrees by taking a two-dimensional plane where a front axle of the light vehicle is positioned as a reference, and determining 19 directions;
respectively calculating damage contribution values generated by the load process in all directions, and performing multi-axis damage evaluation to obtain an evaluation result;
and performing dimension reduction processing on the multi-axis load based on the evaluation result.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process of making a front axle durability quick test load spectrum based on Fx and Fz direction load history of the light vehicle front axle comprises the following steps:
counting the load processes in the Fx direction and the Fz direction based on a rain flow counting method to obtain the load cycle times in each stress range;
calculating the damage corresponding to each level of load based on a linear accumulated damage formula, and editing a five-level load spectrum;
based on the damage equivalence principle, transferring the loads of all levels to the highest level;
and acquiring a durability rack load spectrum of the front axle of the light vehicle.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the durability bench load spectrum of the front axle of the light vehicle comprises the following steps:
and acquiring load amplitude values after the loads at all levels are transferred to the highest level, increasing the load amplitude values by 10%, and multiplying the load amplitude values by the vertical force of the light vehicle when the light vehicle is static and fully loaded to acquire the durability bench load spectrum of the front axle of the light vehicle.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116595654A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-08-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-axis fatigue test spectrum compiling method based on genetic algorithm |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116595654A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-08-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-axis fatigue test spectrum compiling method based on genetic algorithm |
| CN116595654B (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-01-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-axis fatigue test spectrum compiling method based on genetic algorithm |
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