CN114993390B - Natural ventilation counter-flow type wet cooling tower circulating water quantity on-line monitoring method - Google Patents
Natural ventilation counter-flow type wet cooling tower circulating water quantity on-line monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
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- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
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Abstract
The invention discloses a natural ventilation counter-flow wet cooling tower circulating water quantity on-line monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: s1: establishing a cooling tower water distribution system model, performing hydraulic calculation on the water distribution system under different circulating water quantity conditions, giving relative shaft water levels under different water quantity conditions, and obtaining a relation curve of the circulating water quantity and the relative shaft water levels; s2: arranging a liquid level meter in the vertical shaft, monitoring the liquid level of the vertical shaft, and acquiring the change of the liquid level of the vertical shaft in real time; and S3: and transmitting the liquid level data to a DCS data acquisition system of the power plant in real time, converting the liquid level data into the water level of the relative shaft, and giving the amount of circulating water according to the relation between the water level of the relative shaft and the amount of circulating water. The method for obtaining the flow by testing the liquid level has stable signal ratio to ultrasonic waves, does not need to excavate a pipeline, only needs to install the liquid level meter at a specified position, and is easier to implement. In addition, the liquid level meter is cheaper than the ultrasonic flowmeter, the construction cost is low, and the installation is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for monitoring the circulating water quantity of a natural ventilation counter-flow wet cooling tower on line.
Background
The cooling tower commonly used in the thermal power plant is a natural draft counter-flow wet cooling tower, and the cooling tower has high cooling efficiency, low operating cost and low maintenance cost. Circulating water flow is an important parameter for operation of a power plant, the size of circulating water of a cooling tower directly influences the temperature of water discharged from the cooling tower, the water consumption and the cooling efficiency of the cooling tower, and the operation economy of a cold end system of the power plant is directly related, so that the circulating water flow needs to be monitored in real time, and the accurate measurement of the circulating water flow of the cooling tower is of great significance to the power plant.
At present, most power plants do not realize on-line real-time monitoring of circulating water quantity, and a good circulating water quantity testing method is lacked, mainly because circulating water system pipelines of the fire/nuclear power plants are very complicated and cannot realize real-time monitoring through testing instruments, and partial power plants with good pipeline conditions can realize real-time monitoring of flow by installing ultrasonic flow probes on the pipelines.
A commonly used circulating water quantity measuring method is to install an ultrasonic flowmeter on a circulating main pipe, and the method requires that the length of a circulating water straight pipe section meets the requirement of 15D (D is the pipe diameter of the circulating main pipe), and then an ultrasonic probe is arranged and installed on a pipeline, so that the online measurement of the circulating water quantity is realized. In fact, the diameter of the circulating water pipe is relatively large, about 2.5 m-4.0 m, most of straight pipe sections of power plants cannot meet the length requirement of 15D, and even if the straight pipe sections meet the requirement, the ultrasonic probe can be installed only by excavating the pipeline from the underground, so that the engineering quantity is large, and the implementation is difficult. Therefore, a cooling tower circulating water flow measurement method is needed to be designed to provide technical support for circulating water flow measurement.
The above information disclosed in this section is only for background understanding of the inventive concept and, therefore, may contain information that does not constitute prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize accurate measurement of the circulating water quantity of the cooling tower, the invention provides a method for measuring the circulating water quantity of the cooling tower by measuring the water level of the cooling tower relative to a vertical shaft.
A natural draft counter-flow wet cooling tower circulating water quantity on-line monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a cooling tower water distribution system model, performing hydraulic calculation on the water distribution system under different circulating water quantity conditions, giving out relative vertical shaft water levels under different water quantity conditions, and obtaining a relation curve of the circulating water quantity and the relative vertical shaft water level;
s2: arranging a liquid level meter in the vertical shaft, monitoring the liquid level of the vertical shaft, and acquiring the change of the liquid level of the vertical shaft in real time; and
s3: and transmitting the liquid level data to a DCS data acquisition system of the power plant in real time, converting the liquid level data into a relative vertical shaft water level, and giving out the circulating water volume according to the relation between the relative vertical shaft water level and the circulating water volume.
In one embodiment, the water distribution system consists of a vertical shaft, a water distribution tank, a water distribution pipe and a spray head, circulating water enters the water distribution tank from the vertical shaft, then enters the water distribution pipe, and finally is uniformly sprayed to the top surface of the filler through the spray head.
Preferably, the step S1 includes: acquiring relevant parameters of a water distribution system of a cooling tower, wherein the relevant parameters of the water distribution system of the cooling tower comprise: the number of water distribution pipes in the inner zone, the number of water distribution pipes in the outer zone, the height and the width of the water distribution grooves in the inner zone, the height and the width of the water distribution grooves in the outer zone, the pipe diameters of different positions of each water distribution pipe and the caliber of each spray head.
Preferably, the step S1 includes: and calculating the water quantity, the total water quantity, the water flow rate and the water head of each spray head under different relative shaft water levels, calculating the relative shaft water levels of different circulating water quantities, and fitting to obtain a curve graph of the relative shaft water level changing along with the circulating water quantity.
The invention has the following advantages:
compared with the ultrasonic flow measurement, the method for obtaining the flow by testing the liquid level has the advantages that the signal is more stable than ultrasonic waves, the pipeline does not need to be excavated, and only the liquid level meter needs to be installed at a specified position, so that the method is easier to implement. In addition, the liquid level meter is cheaper than the ultrasonic flowmeter, stable in signal, low in construction cost, convenient to install and greatly lower in implementation cost than the ultrasonic flowmeter.
Drawings
Some example embodiments of the invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; this invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the drawings illustrate some example embodiments of the invention, together with the description, and serve to explain the principles and aspects of the invention.
In the drawings, the size may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
FIG. 1 illustrates a plan view of a cooling tower water distribution system;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a partial connection of the distributor pipe;
fig. 3 shows a graph of the relative shaft water level as a function of the circulating water quantity.
Fig. 4 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the level gauge in the shaft.
Detailed Description
In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown and described, simply by way of illustration.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to realize accurate measurement of the circulating water quantity of the cooling tower, the invention provides a method for measuring the circulating water quantity of the cooling tower by measuring the water level of the cooling tower relative to a vertical shaft.
The method for monitoring the circulating water quantity of the natural ventilation counter-flow wet cooling tower on line comprises the following steps:
s1: and establishing a cooling tower water distribution system model, performing hydraulic calculation on the water distribution system under different circulating water quantities, giving the relative shaft water levels under different water quantities, and obtaining a relation curve of the circulating water quantity and the relative shaft water temperature.
S2: and arranging a liquid level meter in the vertical shaft, monitoring the liquid level of the vertical shaft, and acquiring the change of the liquid level of the vertical shaft in real time.
S3: and transmitting the liquid level data to a DCS data acquisition system of the power plant in real time, converting the liquid level data into a relative vertical shaft water level, and giving out the circulating water volume according to the relation between the relative vertical shaft water level and the circulating water volume.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
1. obtaining relation of relation curve of circulating water quantity and relative shaft water temperature
(1) Obtaining relevant parameters of water distribution system of cooling tower
The cooling tower water distribution system related parameters comprise: the number of water distribution pipes in the inner zone, the number of water distribution pipes in the outer zone, the height and the width of the water distribution grooves in the inner zone, the height and the width of the water distribution grooves in the outer zone, the pipe diameters of different positions of each water distribution pipe and the caliber of each spray head.
(2) Establishing a hydraulic calculation model of the water distribution system
Brief introduction of cooling tower water distribution system: the water distribution system of the cooling tower is shown in figure 1 and comprises a vertical shaft, a water distribution tank, a water distribution pipe and a spray head, wherein circulating water enters the water distribution tank from the vertical shaft, then enters the water distribution pipe and finally is uniformly sprayed to the top surface of the filler through the spray head. The flow of the circulating water in the water distribution system of the cooling tower is pressure flow, and the flow meets the Bernoulli equation. 2.1 formula of resistance coefficient in water distribution calculation
For a trough-pipe combined water distribution mode, the main task of water distribution calculation is to accurately calculate and determine the head loss of each part in the water distribution system. There are two types of head loss, one is loss along the way and one is loss locally. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, for a central shaft trough pipe combination type water distribution system, local losses can be classified into three types, namely, local losses entering a water distribution trough from a central shaft; second, local loss at the junction of the trough pipe (see b in fig. 2, junction of the water distribution trough and the water distribution pipe); and the third is the local loss of the water distribution pipe branched to the spray head (see the branched part of the water distribution pipe to the spray head in a in fig. 2). As shown in fig. 2, head loss of the sprinkler head was solved by the sprinkler head test.
The on-way loss is calculated by the formula:
in the formula:
λ -coefficient of friction;
l-tube (channel) length, m;
rho-density of water, kg/m 3 ；
D is the diameter of the pipeline, m.
In steady flow and fully turbulent conditions, the coefficient of friction can be calculated according to the Abiothis formula, as follows.
The local drag coefficient at the groove tube junction in fig. 2 can be calculated as follows:
wherein: ζ represents a unit 0 The values are shown in Table 1.
| V ∞ /V 0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
| ζ 0 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
TABLE 1 local coefficient of resistance for groove tube joints
The result of selecting the Cardel formula is more reasonable for the local resistance coefficient of the water distribution pipe.
Gardel's formula compiled in BHRA data:
coefficient of flow resistance
In the formula: q = Q 3 /Q 1 ,a＝A 3 /A 1
Coefficient of resistance after splitting
In the formula: q = Q 2 /Q 1 ,a＝A 2 /A 1
The local resistance coefficient of the connection of the water distribution tank and the vertical shaft is taken as follows: 0.5
2.2 Water distribution hydraulic power calculation method
The water distribution mode of the cooling tower trough pipe combination is that a water distribution tank is connected with a vertical shaft, a water distribution pipe is connected with the water distribution tank, and a spray head is connected below the water distribution pipe or connected with a tee joint to be distributed to two spray heads. N water distribution pipes are arranged in a certain water distribution tank, each water distribution pipe is provided with m water distribution connecting tee joints or spray heads, H w The height difference between the outlet of the spray nozzle and the water level of the vertical shaft is the working water head of the spray nozzle when no local water head or water head loss along the way exists; h i,j 、V i,j 、q i,j The total water head (relative to the outlet of the spray head) in front of the jth tee joint of the i water pipes, the flow rate of the pipeline and the water quantity of the tee joint have the following relational expression according to a Bernoulli equation:
the total head (relative to the spray head outlet) of the water distribution tank is:
in the formula:
q- - -is the water quantity of the water tank, m 3 /s；
A- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -;
ζ 0 - -is the local coefficient of resistance at the groove tube junction;
ζ 2 - -includes friction along the way and drag coefficient after splitting;
ζ 3 - - -three-way shunt local drag coefficient;
n p -number of lower three-way sprinklers;
A p - - -area of the outlet of the spray head, square meter;
A g -pipe flow area, square meter.
When the materials of equipment such as a water distribution pipeline nozzle and the like are selected and at a certain shaft water level, the unknowns in the formulas (7) to (12) are q i,j 、V i,j 、H i,j 、H 1 And Q is equal to 3mn +2 unknowns, and equations (7) - (12) share equation 2+ n (m-1) + n +2mn =2+ 3mn. The water quantity, the total water quantity, the water flow speed of the water distribution pipe and the water head of each spray head can be obtained by solving the simultaneous equations.
(3) And (3) calculating the relative shaft water levels of different circulating water quantities according to the calculation method of 2, and fitting to obtain a relation curve of different circulating water quantities. Taking a certain spray head relative to the water level of the shaft as an example, the curve of the relative shaft water level and the change relation of the circulating water amount is shown in fig. 2.
2. Calculating the relative water level of the vertical shaft under the condition of different circulating water quantities
(1) And arranging a liquid level meter in the vertical shaft, monitoring the liquid level of the vertical shaft, and acquiring the change of the liquid level of the vertical shaft in real time. As shown in fig. 3. And arranging the liquid level meter at a position in the vertical shaft, which is level to the outlet elevation of a certain spray head, and transmitting a liquid level signal to the DCS of the power plant in real time through a data line.
(2) And transmitting the liquid level data to a DCS data acquisition system of the power plant in real time, wherein the liquid level is the relative shaft water level, and the circulating water quantity can be obtained in real time according to a relation curve of the relative shaft water level and the circulating water quantity in figure 2, so that the on-line monitoring of the circulating water quantity is realized.
Advantages of the present technique
The invention has the following advantages:
compared with the ultrasonic flow measurement, the method for obtaining the flow by testing the liquid level has the advantages that the signal is more stable than ultrasonic waves, the pipeline does not need to be excavated, and only the liquid level meter needs to be installed at a specified position, so that the method is easier to implement. In addition, the liquid level meter is cheaper than the ultrasonic flowmeter, the construction cost is low, the installation is convenient, and the implementation cost is greatly lower than that of the ultrasonic flowmeter.
While certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have been described herein, as will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, the figures and descriptions herein are illustrative and not restrictive, and the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The inventive concept is therefore not limited to this embodiment, but is to be defined by the broad scope of the appended claims along with various modifications and equivalent arrangements that are obvious to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A natural draft counter-flow wet cooling tower circulating water quantity on-line monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a cooling tower water distribution system model, performing hydraulic calculation on the water distribution system under different circulating water quantity conditions, giving relative shaft water levels under different water quantity conditions, and obtaining a relation curve of the circulating water quantity and the relative shaft water levels;
s2: arranging a liquid level meter in the vertical shaft, monitoring the liquid level of the vertical shaft, and acquiring the change of the liquid level of the vertical shaft in real time; and
s3: and transmitting the liquid level data to a DCS data acquisition system of the power plant in real time, converting the liquid level data into the water level of the relative shaft, and giving the circulating water volume according to a relation curve of the water level of the relative shaft and the circulating water volume.
2. The method for on-line monitoring of the circulating water amount of the natural draft counter flow wet cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein the water distribution system is composed of a vertical shaft, a water distribution tank, a water distribution pipe and a spray head, and the circulating water enters the water distribution tank from the vertical shaft, then enters the water distribution pipe, and finally is uniformly sprayed to the top surface of the filler through the spray head.
3. The method for monitoring the circulating water quantity of the natural draft counter-flow wet cooling tower on line according to claim 2, wherein the step S1 comprises the following steps: acquiring relevant parameters of a water distribution system of a cooling tower, wherein the relevant parameters of the water distribution system of the cooling tower comprise: the number of the water distribution pipes of the inner zone, the number of the water distribution pipes of the outer zone, the height and the width of the water distribution grooves of the inner zone, the height and the width of the water distribution grooves of the outer zone, the pipe diameters of different positions of each water distribution pipe and the caliber of each spray head.
4. The method for on-line monitoring of the circulating water amount of the natural ventilation counter-flow wet cooling tower according to claim 3, wherein the water flow rate, the water head and the relative shaft water level of the water amount distribution pipe of each spray head under different circulating water amounts are calculated, and a relation curve of the relative shaft water level changing along with the circulating water amount is obtained through fitting.
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| CN110231069A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-13 | 宋保红 | A kind of accurate measurement method of cooling tower water loss |
| US20230108059A1 (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2023-04-06 | China Three Gorges Corporation | Method for calculating head loss coefficient and branch pipe flow distribution of multi-point water intake |
| CN113932855B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2024-05-14 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring channeling flow during operation of expansion unit of closed circulating water system of power plant |
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