CN114965793A - Soil environment monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil environment monitoring system, comprising a sampling mechanism, the sampling mechanism includes a workbench, a backboard is fixedly connected to the workbench, a sliding plate is slidably connected to the backboard, a mounting plate and a supporting plate are fixedly connected to the sliding plate, and the mounting plate A first motor is fixedly connected, the first motor is driven and connected with a sinking component, the sinking component is movably connected to the mounting plate, a lifting component is arranged between the support plate and the worktable, and a number of sampling cylinders are movably connected to the bottom surface of the support plate to work A via hole is provided on the stage, and the sampling cylinder is inserted into the via hole; the analysis mechanism includes a sealing box and a gas chromatograph, a soil treatment component is arranged in the sealing box, a collection box is connected to the sealing box, and the gas chromatograph extends into the collection box. Inside the box, the sealing box, the collecting box and the gas chromatograph are fixedly connected on the workbench.

Description

A soil environment monitoring system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil environment monitoring, in particular to a soil environment monitoring system.

Background technique

Soil testing is a very important task in modern agricultural production. Through soil testing, we can know soil quality-related data such as soil pH and pollution. At present, my country's soil environment is in severe form. With the continuous tightening of environmental protection policies, The monitoring of soil environment is also increasing.

In the prior art, sampling is usually required when monitoring the soil environment. Some of the existing sampling methods use manual excavation, which is only suitable for situations where the sampling depth is relatively shallow. For deep soil sampling, some use an auger. Rod drilling method, although this method can obtain deep soil samples, most of the soil taken out by drilling is in a mixed state, and the depth of soil samples cannot be specifically determined. Therefore, a soil environment monitoring system is proposed to solve the above problems. question.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil environment monitoring system to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and the depth of the soil sample can be determined when the soil sample is taken out.

To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions: the present invention provides a soil environment monitoring system, comprising:

Sampling mechanism, the sampling mechanism includes a workbench, a backboard is fixedly connected to the workbench, a slide plate is slidably connected to the backboard, a mounting plate and a support plate are fixedly connected to the slide plate, and the mounting plate is fixed A first motor is connected, the first motor is drivingly connected with a sinking component, the sinking component is movably connected to the mounting plate, a lifting component is arranged between the support plate and the worktable, and the A plurality of sampling cylinders are movably connected on the bottom surface of the support plate, a through hole is provided on the worktable, the sampling cylinder is penetrated in the through hole, and a scale is marked on the sampling cylinder;

An analysis mechanism, the analysis mechanism includes a sealing box and a gas chromatograph, the sealing box is provided with a soil treatment component, the sealing box is communicated with a collection box, the gas chromatograph extends into the collection box, the The sealing box, the collection box and the gas chromatograph are fixedly connected to the workbench.

Preferably, the sinking assembly includes a lifting plate, a through hole is formed on the mounting plate, the lifting plate is penetrated in the through hole, the lifting plate is slidably connected with the mounting plate, and the lifting plate is slidably connected to the mounting plate. The bottom end of the plate is fixedly connected with an impact block, the outer casing of the lift plate is provided with a spring, the spring is located between the impact block and the lift plate, the support plate is fixedly connected with a bottom block, the bottom block and the The impact block is abutted, and the first motor is connected with the lift plate in a semi-transmission connection.

Preferably, a rack is fixedly connected to the lifting plate, a half-gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor, the outer edge of the half-gear has some teeth, and the part of the half-gear has teeth and the Rack meshes.

Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, a plurality of installation holes are opened on the worktable, the fixed ends of the first hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected in the installation holes, and the first hydraulic cylinder outputs The end is fixedly connected with a connection block, and one end of the connection block away from the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the support plate.

Preferably, a mounting frame is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the support plate, a plane thrust bearing is fixedly connected in the mounting frame, one end face of the plane thrust bearing is fixedly connected to the mounting frame, and the other end face is fixedly connected with a connecting head, The connecting head is detachably connected to the sampling cartridge.

Preferably, a thread is provided on the outer edge of one end of the connector away from the mounting bracket, the inner edge of one end of the sampling cylinder is provided with a thread, and the outer edge of the other end of the sampling cylinder is provided with a thread. One end provided with threads is matched with the other end provided with threads on the inner edge of the sampling cylinder, and the threads provided on the inner edge of the sampling cylinder are matched with threads provided on the outer edge of the connecting head.

Preferably, the soil treatment assembly includes a second motor, the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to a heating plate, the heating plate is fixedly connected to a card slot, and a test cup is detachably connected to the card slot, and the An electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected in the sealing box, a stirring rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric telescopic rod, the stirring rod is arranged corresponding to the test cup, and an electric heating wire is embedded in the heating plate.

Preferably, an extraction port is provided on the sealing box, a sealing door is rotatably connected to the extraction port, a bracket is fixedly connected between the collection box and the worktable, and an exhaust hole is opened in the sealing box A trachea is fixedly connected to the exhaust hole, the trachea is connected with a collection box, the collection box is provided with a detection hole, the gas chromatograph includes a probe, a detector body and a display, the probe and the The displays are all electrically connected to the detector body, and the probes are inserted into the collection box through the detection holes.

Preferably, a cleaning assembly is fixedly connected to the worktable, the cleaning assembly includes a second hydraulic cylinder, a positioning hole is formed on the worktable, and the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected in the positioning hole, and the A base is fixedly connected to the worktable, and a threaded hole is opened on the base, and the threaded hole is adapted to the thread of the outer edge of the sampling cylinder, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with a top block, and the top The block diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the sampling cylinder, the top block is located in the threaded hole, an observation hole is opened on the sampling cylinder, a storage cylinder is fixedly connected to the worktable, and the soil acidity is placed in the storage cylinder count.

Preferably, a dovetail block is fixedly connected to the back plate, a dovetail groove is formed on the sliding plate, the dovetail block is adapted to the dovetail groove, and the dovetail block is slidably connected to the dovetail groove.

The invention discloses the following technical effects: the device is provided with a sampling mechanism and an analysis mechanism, the sampling mechanism includes a workbench, which is convenient for staff to operate, a backboard is fixedly connected to the workbench, the slide plate can slide on the backboard, and the first motor drives the The sinking component moves. When the sinking component moves, the slide plate can slide down. At the same time, the lifting component also drives the support plate to lower the height, assisting the sinking component to descend. The sinking component drives the support plate to descend, and the support plate drives the sampling cylinder to the soil. When the sampling cylinder moves downward, the soil will enter the sampling cylinder, so that soil samples of different depths can be collected. The support plate moves upward, and when the support plate moves upward, the sampling cylinder will be taken out of the soil. The soil sample in the sampling cylinder is in the shape of a column, and the sampling cylinder is marked with a scale. According to the scale, the depth of the soil sample can be easily known; the analysis mechanism includes a sealed box and a Gas chromatograph, a soil treatment component is arranged in the sealed box. The purpose of placing the soil treatment component in the sealed box is to reduce the loss of volatile organic compounds in the soil and improve the accuracy of soil monitoring. Put the collected soil samples into the soil treatment component. The volatiles in the soil samples are emitted after treatment, and the emitted gas can be measured by a gas chromatograph, so that the volatile organic compounds in the soil can be measured.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the soil environment monitoring system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of b in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of c in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of d in Fig. 1;

6 is a side view of the sink assembly of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the collecting cylinder of the present invention;

8 is a schematic diagram of the sliding connection structure between the backboard and the slide plate of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the sealing door of the present invention;

Among them, 1. Workbench; 2. Back plate; 3. Slide plate; 4. Mounting plate; 5. Support plate; 6. First motor; 7. Sampling cylinder; Chromatograph; 11. Lifting plate; 12. Impact block; 13. Spring; 14. Bottom block; 15. Rack; 16. Half gear; 17. First hydraulic cylinder; 18. Connecting block; 19. Mounting frame; 20 , plane thrust bearing; 21, connector; 22, second motor; 23, heating plate; 24, card slot; 25, test cup; 26, electric telescopic rod; 27, stirring rod; 28, bracket; 29, trachea; 30, collection box; 31, probe; 32, second hydraulic cylinder; 33, base; 34, top block; 35, observation hole; 36, storage cylinder; 37, soil acidity meter; 38, dovetail block; 39, dovetail slot; 40, detector body; 41, display; 42, heating wire.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

1-9, the present invention provides a soil environment monitoring system, including:

Sampling mechanism, the sampling mechanism includes a workbench 1, a backboard 2 is fixedly connected to the workbench 1, a slide plate 3 is slidably connected to the backboard 2, a mounting plate 4 and a support plate 5 are fixedly connected to the slide plate 3, and the mounting plate 4 is fixedly connected There is a first motor 6, the first motor 6 is drivingly connected with a sinking component, the sinking component is movably connected to the mounting plate 4, a lifting component is arranged between the support plate 5 and the worktable 1, and the bottom surface of the support plate 5 is movably connected with several Sampling cylinder 7, a via hole is provided on the worktable 1, the sampling cylinder 7 is inserted in the via hole, and a scale (not shown in the figure) is marked on the sampling cylinder 7; height, so that it is convenient for the staff to operate, the sliding plate 3 can slide on the back plate 2, the first motor 6 drives the sinking component to move, the sinking component is movably connected with the mounting plate 4, and the sliding plate 3 can be moved downward when the sinking component moves. Sliding, when the sinking component moves, the lifting component also drives the support plate 5 to lower the height, assisting the sinking component to descend, the sinking component drives the support plate 5 to descend, the support plate 5 drives the sampling cylinder 7 to move into the soil, and the sampling cylinder 7 goes down When moving, the soil will enter the sampling cylinder 7, so that soil samples of different depths can be collected. 7 After the collection is completed, the first motor 6 no longer drives the sinking component to work, the lifting component starts to rise, and moves the support plate 5 upward. When the support plate 5 moves upward, the sampling cylinder 7 will be taken out of the soil, and the soil sample in the sampling cylinder 7 will be taken out. It is cylindrical, and combined with the scale on the sampling cylinder 7 (not shown in the figure), it is easy to know the depth of the soil sample.

Analysis mechanism, the analysis mechanism includes a sealing box 8 and a gas chromatograph 10, the sealing box 8 is provided with a soil treatment component, the sealing box 8 is connected with a collection box 30, the gas chromatograph 10 extends into the collection box 30, the sealing box 8, the collection box The box 30 and the gas chromatograph 10 are fixedly connected to the workbench 1; the soil treatment assembly is used to process the collected soil samples, and the soil treatment assembly is placed in the sealed box 8 to reduce the loss of volatile organic compounds in the soil and improve soil monitoring. The collected soil samples are put into the soil treatment component, and the volatiles in the soil samples are emitted after treatment, and the emitted gas can be measured by the gas chromatograph 10, so that the volatile organic compounds in the soil can be measured. .

To further optimize the solution, the sinking assembly includes a lifting plate 11, a through hole is formed on the mounting plate 4, the lifting plate 11 is penetrated in the through hole, the lifting plate 11 is slidably connected with the mounting plate 4, and the bottom end of the lifting plate 11 is fixedly connected with impact Block 12, the lifting plate 11 is covered with a spring 13, the spring 13 is located between the impact block 12 and the lifting plate 11, the support plate 5 is fixedly connected with a bottom block 14, the bottom block 14 is in contact with the impact block 12, and the first motor 6 is connected to the impact block 12. The lifting plate 11 is connected by semi-transmission; the first motor 6 drives the lifting plate 11 to move. Since the lifting plate 11 slides in the mounting plate 4, when the first motor 6 drives the lifting plate 11 to rise upward, it will drive the impact block 12 to move upward at the same time. , when the impact block 12 moves upward, the spring 13 will be compressed at the same time. Since the first motor 6 and the lifting plate 11 are semi-transmission connected, when the lifting plate 11 rises for a certain distance, the first motor 6 and the lifting plate 11 will be disconnected. At this time, the lifting plate 11 will move downward under the action of the spring 13. When the impact block 12 moves downward, it will impact the bottom block 14. Under the impact force, gravity and the force of the lifting component, the support plate 5 will drive the sampling cylinder. 7 moves into the soil, and the soil will enter the sampling cylinder 7 during the downward movement of the sampling cylinder 7 .

In a further optimized solution, a rack 15 is fixedly connected to the lifting plate 11 , a half gear 16 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor 6 , the outer edge of the half gear 16 has some teeth, and the half gear 16 has a toothed part and the rack 15 . Meshing; the first motor 6 drives the half-gear 16 to rotate. Since the outer edge of the half-gear 16 has only a part of the teeth, when the half-gear 16 rotates to a certain angle, the half-gear 16 is no longer meshed with the rack 15, so it rises and falls. The plate 11 will drop rapidly under the rebound force of the spring 13, so that the impact block 12 hits the bottom block 14. When the half-gear 16 continues to rotate, the toothed part will mesh with the rack 15 again, so that the lifting plate 11 is lifted again. , the impact block 12 can be raised and dropped cyclically.

To further optimize the solution, the lifting assembly includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders 17, a plurality of installation holes are opened on the worktable 1, the fixed end of the first hydraulic cylinder 17 is fixedly connected in the installation hole, and the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 17 is fixedly connected with a connection Block 18, the end of the connecting block 18 away from the first hydraulic cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to the support plate 5; after the soil sample is collected by the sampling cylinder 7, the sinking component no longer works, and the first hydraulic cylinder 17 extends to drive the support plate. 5 moves upward, the support plate 5 drives the sampling cylinder 7 to move upward, so that the sampling cylinder 7 leaves the soil, the first hydraulic cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to the workbench 1, and the connecting block 18 is between the first hydraulic cylinder 17 and the support plate 5 , which is convenient for maintenance.

Further optimization scheme, the bottom surface of the support plate 5 is fixedly connected with the mounting frame 19, the mounting frame 19 is fixedly connected with a plane thrust bearing 20, one end face of the plane thrust bearing 20 is fixedly connected with the mounting frame 19, and the other end face is fixedly connected with a connector 21, The connecting head 21 is detachably connected to the sampling cylinder 7; the plane thrust bearing 20 is fixed in the mounting frame 19, which facilitates the installation or maintenance of the plane thrust bearing 20, and the mounting frame 19 and the connecting head 21 are rotatably connected through the plane thrust bearing 20, which is convenient The connection head 21 is detached or connected with the sampling cartridge 7 .

To further optimize the solution, the outer edge of one end of the connector 21 away from the mounting frame 19 is provided with threads, the inner edge of one end of the sampling cylinder 7 is provided with threads, the outer edge of the other end of the sampling cylinder 7 is provided with threads, and the outer edge of any sampling cylinder 7 is provided with threads. One end is matched with the end of the other sampling cylinder 7 with threads on the inner edge, the threads provided on the inner edge of the sampling cylinder 7 are adapted to the threads provided on the outer edge of the connector 21; the end with threads on the inner edge of the sampling cylinder 7 is connected to The head 21 is connected by a thread. When one section of the sampling cylinder 7 is lowered to the extent that it cannot be lowered, the connecting head 21 can be removed from the sampling cylinder 7, and the other section of the sampling cylinder 7 can be connected with the connecting head 21, and then connected to the soil already in the soil. The sampling cylinder 7 in the middle is connected by a screw thread, so that the sampling cylinder 7 can continue to descend to collect deeper soil samples.

To further optimize the solution, the soil treatment assembly includes a second motor 22, the output end of the second motor 22 is fixedly connected to a heating plate 23, the heating plate 23 is fixedly connected to a card slot 24, and a test cup 25 is detachably connected to the card slot 24, and a sealed box 8. An electric telescopic rod 26 is fixedly connected inside, and a stirring rod 27 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric telescopic rod 26. The stirring rod 27 is arranged corresponding to the test cup 25, and the heating plate 23 is embedded with an electric heating wire 42; the test cup 25 is used for holding Put the soil sample, put a certain amount of soil sample in the test cup 25, put the test cup 25 in the card slot 24 and jam it, then extend the electric telescopic rod 26, make the stirring rod 27 contact the soil, and turn on the second motor 22. The second motor 22 drives the heating plate 23 to rotate, and the heating plate 23 drives the test cup 25 to rotate, which can stir the soil and make the soil in a broken state. The plate 23 is not heated. When the second motor 22 stops rotating, the heating plate 23 is energized to heat the soil. After heating, the volatile organic compounds will be released.

To further optimize the scheme, the sealing box 8 is provided with an extraction port, the extraction port is rotatably connected with a sealing door 9, a bracket 28 is fixedly connected between the gas chromatograph 10 and the workbench 1, and the sealing box 8 is provided with an exhaust hole to discharge A trachea 29 is fixedly connected to the air hole, and the trachea 29 is communicated with a collection box 30. The collection box 30 is provided with a detection hole. The gas chromatograph 10 includes a probe 31, a detector body 40 and a display 41. The probe 31 and the display 41 The detector body 40 is electrically connected, and the probe 31 is inserted into the collection box 30 through the detection hole; the extraction port is convenient for taking soil samples from the sealing box 8, the sealing door 9 seals the extraction port, and the space between the sealing door 9 and the extraction port is convenient. A sealing strip is installed to prevent the emitted organic matter from flowing out from the extraction port. In this embodiment, the sealing door 9 is rotatably connected with the sealing box 8 through a hinge (not shown in the figure), and the emitted organic matter enters from the exhaust hole. In the trachea 29, and then into the collection box 30, the probe 31 monitors the gas in the collection box 30, so that the content and type of organic matter can be determined.

To further optimize the solution, the cleaning component is fixedly connected to the workbench 1, the cleaning component includes a second hydraulic cylinder 32, a positioning hole is opened on the workbench 1, the second hydraulic cylinder 32 is fixedly connected in the positioning hole, and the workbench 1 is fixedly connected with a The base 33, the base 33 is provided with a threaded hole, the threaded hole is adapted to the thread of the outer edge of the sampling cylinder 7, the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 32 is fixedly connected with a top block 34, the diameter of the top block 34 is smaller than the inner diameter of the sampling cylinder 7, and the top block is 34 is located in the threaded hole, an observation hole 35 is opened on the sampling cylinder 7, a storage cylinder 36 is fixedly connected to the worktable 1, and a soil acidity meter 37 is placed in the storage cylinder 36; the cleaning component is mainly used for cleaning the soil in the sampling cylinder 7 , connect the threaded end of the outer edge of the sampling cylinder 7 with the threaded hole of the base 33. At this time, the top block 34 and the inner diameter of the sampling cylinder 7 have been aligned, and the second hydraulic cylinder 32 is controlled to extend, and the second hydraulic cylinder 32 drives the The top block 34 rises to push out the soil in the sampling cylinder 7. The observation hole 35 on the sampling cylinder 7 is convenient for quickly taking the soil in the sampling cylinder 7, which is convenient for rapid detection. In the deep soil condition, the soil acidity meter 37 can be directly inserted into the soil sample through the observation hole 35 to measure the pH of the soil, or the soil sample can be completely cleaned from the sampling cylinder 7 and then measured. The SDT-60 series in the Puyun Nong brand.

To further optimize the solution, a dovetail block 38 is fixedly connected to the back plate 2, a dovetail groove 39 is provided on the slide plate 3, the dovetail block 38 is adapted to the dovetail groove 39, and the dovetail block 38 is slidably connected to the dovetail groove 39; the back plate 2 is connected to the slide plate 3. The sliding connection between the dovetail block 38 and the dovetail groove 39 will make the connection state of the sliding plate 2 and the sliding plate 3 more stable.

The method of using the device is to move the device to the area where the sample needs to be collected, and make the first hydraulic cylinder 17 extend. When the first hydraulic cylinder 17 extends, it drives the support plate 5 to move upward, and the sampling cylinder 7 is installed on the connector 21. , and extend into the through hole of the workbench 1, then turn on the first motor 6, the first motor 6 drives the half gear 16 to rotate, the toothed part of the half gear 16 meshes with the rack 15, when the half gear 16 rotates to a certain After the angle, the half gear 16 will no longer mesh with the rack 15, the lift plate 11 will drop rapidly under the resilience of the spring 13, the impact block 12 will hit the bottom block 14, and the first hydraulic cylinder 17 is in a state of continuous recovery. Under the impact force, gravity and the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 17, the support plate 5 will drive the sampling cylinder 7 to move into the soil. During the downward movement of the sampling cylinder 7, the soil will enter the sampling cylinder 7. 7 After the soil sample is collected, the first motor 6 no longer works, the first hydraulic cylinder 17 extends, and drives the support plate 5 to move upward, and the support plate 5 drives the sampling cylinder 7 to move upward, so that the sampling cylinder 7 leaves the soil. After the sampling cylinder 7 is completely removed from the soil, some soil samples can be quickly taken out through the observation hole 35, or an appropriate amount of samples can be taken after the soil is completely cleaned out by the cleaning component. Put the sample into the test cup 25, put the test cup 25 in the card slot 24 and jam it, then extend the electric telescopic rod 26 to make the stirring rod 27 contact the soil, turn on the second motor 22, and the second motor 22 drives the heating The plate 23 rotates, and the heating plate 23 drives the test cup 25 to rotate, which can stir the soil and make the soil in a broken state. When the second motor 22 rotates, the heating plate 23 does not heat. The plate 23 is energized to heat the soil, and the organic matter emitted enters the trachea 29 from the exhaust hole, and then enters the collection box 30. The probe 31 monitors the gas in the collection box 30, so that the content and type of organic matter can be determined. , and also use a soil pH meter 37 to determine the pH of the soil.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "portrait", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or It is implied that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only to describe the preferred modes of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention. Variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a soil environment monitoring system, is characterized in that, comprises: A sampling mechanism, the sampling mechanism comprises a workbench (1), a backboard (2) is fixedly connected to the workbench (1), a slide plate (3) is slidably connected to the backboard (2), and the slide plate ( 3) A mounting plate (4) and a supporting plate (5) are fixedly connected to the mounting plate (4), a first motor (6) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (4), and the first motor (6) is drivingly connected with a sinking component , the sinking assembly is movably connected to the mounting plate (4), a lifting assembly is arranged between the supporting plate (5) and the workbench (1), and the bottom surface of the supporting plate (5) is movably connected There are several sampling cylinders (7), through holes are provided on the workbench (1), the sampling cylinders (7) are penetrated in the through holes, and the sampling cylinders (7) are marked with scales; an analysis mechanism, the analysis mechanism comprises a sealing box (8) and a gas chromatograph (10), a soil treatment component is arranged in the sealing box (8), and a collection box (30) is communicated with the sealing box (8), The gas chromatograph (10) extends into the collection box (30), and the sealing box (8), the collection box (30) and the gas chromatograph (10) are fixedly connected to the workbench (1) on. 2 . The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 1 , wherein the subsidence component comprises a lift plate ( 11 ), the mounting plate ( 4 ) is provided with a through hole, and the lift plate ( 11 ) Passing through the through hole, the lifting plate (11) is slidably connected to the mounting plate (4), the bottom end of the lifting plate (11) is fixedly connected with an impact block (12), and the lifting plate ( 11) The outer casing is provided with a spring (13), the spring (13) is located between the impact block (12) and the lift plate (11), and the support plate (5) is fixedly connected with a bottom block (14) , the bottom block (14) is in contact with the impact block (12), and the first motor (6) is semi-drive connected with the lift plate (11). 3. The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein a rack (15) is fixedly connected to the lifting plate (11), and a half gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor (6). (16), the outer edge of the half-gear (16) has some teeth, and the part of the half-gear (16) with the teeth meshes with the rack (15). 4 . The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 1 , wherein the lifting assembly comprises a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders ( 17 ), and a plurality of installation holes are opened on the worktable ( 1 ). The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder (17) is fixedly connected in the mounting hole, the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (17) is fixedly connected with a connecting block (18), and the connecting block (18) is far away from the first hydraulic pressure One end of the cylinder (17) is fixedly connected with the support plate (5). 5. The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein a mounting frame (19) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the support plate (5), and a plane thrust bearing (19) is fixedly connected in the mounting frame (19). 20), one end face of the plane thrust bearing (20) is fixedly connected with the mounting frame (19), and the other end face is fixedly connected with a connecting head (21), the connecting head (21) and the sampling cylinder (7) ) detachable connection. 6. The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the outer edge of one end of the connecting head (21) away from the mounting bracket (19) is provided with a thread, and the inner edge of one end of the sampling cylinder (7) A thread is provided, the outer edge of the other end of the sampling cylinder (7) is provided with a thread, and one end of the outer edge of any one of the sampling cylinders (7) is provided with a thread and the inner edge of the other sampling cylinder (7) is provided with a thread One end of the sampling cylinder (7) is matched with the thread provided on the inner edge of the sampling cylinder (7) with the thread provided on the outer edge of the connecting head (21). 7. The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the soil treatment assembly comprises a second motor (22), and a heating plate (23) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor (22), The heating plate (23) is fixedly connected with a card slot (24), a test cup (25) is detachably connected in the card slot (24), and an electric telescopic rod (26) is fixedly connected in the sealing box (8). ), a stirring rod (27) is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric telescopic rod (26), the stirring rod (27) is arranged corresponding to the test cup (25), and the heating plate (23) is embedded with heating wire (42). 8. The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: an extraction port is provided on the sealing box (8), a sealing door (9) is rotatably connected to the extraction port, and the collection box is (30) A bracket (28) is fixedly connected with the workbench (1), the sealing box (8) is provided with an exhaust hole, and an air pipe (29) is fixedly connected to the exhaust hole. The trachea (29) is communicated with a collection box (30), the collection box (30) is provided with a detection hole, and the gas chromatograph (10) includes a probe (31), a detector body (40) and a display (41) , the probe (31) and the display (41) are both electrically connected to the detector body (40), and the probe (31) is inserted into the collection box (30) through the detection hole . 9. The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: a cleaning assembly is fixedly connected to the workbench (1), the cleaning assembly comprises a second hydraulic cylinder (32), and the workbench (1) ) is provided with a positioning hole, the second hydraulic cylinder (32) is fixedly connected in the positioning hole, the worktable (1) is fixedly connected with a base (33), and the base (33) is provided with a A threaded hole, the threaded hole is adapted to the outer thread of the sampling cylinder (7), a top block (34) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (32), and the top block (34) has a diameter of smaller than the inner diameter of the sampling cylinder (7), the top block (34) is located in the threaded hole, the sampling cylinder (7) is provided with an observation hole (35), and the worktable (1) is fixedly connected There is a storage cylinder (36), and a soil acidity meter (37) is placed in the storage cylinder (36). 10. The soil environment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a dovetail block (38) is fixedly connected to the back plate (2), and a dovetail groove (39) is provided on the slide plate (3), The dovetail block (38) is adapted to the dovetail groove (39), and the dovetail block (38) is slidably connected with the dovetail groove (39).

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