CN114959955B - Fine opening device for dispersing superfine fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fine opening device for dispersing superfine fibers, which includes a housing, a negative pressure opening assembly, a beater opening assembly, and a transmission assembly, wherein the negative pressure opening assembly includes a feeding port arranged on the housing . An opening roller arranged inside the housing, a negative pressure unit arranged inside the opening roller, a discharge port provided on the casing, and a stripping roller provided between the discharge port and the opening roller; The beating hand opening assembly includes the beating hand arranged below the opening roller, the bushing plate arranged between the beating hand and the opening roller; the conveying assembly includes a cotton conveying pipeline and a fan arranged in the cotton conveying pipeline, and the cotton conveying pipeline One end of the pipe is connected with the housing, and the connection position corresponds to the beater opening assembly, and the other end of the cotton delivery pipe is connected with the feeding port. Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes a negative pressure device and a cyclic opening structure to carry out repeated fine opening for microfibers, which is conducive to enhancing the opening effect and further improving the performance of end products.

Description

A fine opening device for dispersing superfine fibers

technical field

The invention relates to the field of nonwoven technology, in particular to a fine opening device for dispersing superfine fibers.

Background technique

Because the diameter of microfiber is much lower than that of conventional ordinary fibers, this remarkable feature makes it have many properties different from ordinary fibers, such as softer hand feeling, greatly improved thermal performance, higher water absorption, etc., in thermal insulation, It has broad application prospects in the fields of national defense and military industry, clothing and home furnishing. However, ultrafine fibers have extremely low fineness, large specific surface area, and strong surface adsorption force. Therefore, after opening them with traditional opening devices, they will still clump together and form parallel and adhered fiber bundles, which is difficult to form. Evenly dispersed single fibers will affect the subsequent processing and the structure and performance of the product, hindering its further development.

Most of the existing fiber opening methods and devices are single-time opening, which limits the further improvement of the opening effect, or cannot meet the opening requirements of ultrafine fibers; and the circular opening method cannot simultaneously ensure that it is suitable for linear density. Very low microfibers, which in turn affect the performance of the end product.

Patent CN202011174678.3 discloses a fiber opening method and a fiber opening system for realizing the opening method, using carding nails and pin teeth to initially open the fibers, and then using a roller device to perform fine opening of the fibers. Although it helps to mix the fibers evenly, it is a single opening and the opening effect is not good.

Patent ZL201520047348.6 discloses a fiber opening machine and a fiber opening unit, which can open fibers multiple times, and the fibers that fall during the opening process can be automatically collected and reused. Although this invention increases the number of openings , but cannot be applied to microfibers with smaller diameters.

Patent CN201911350593.3 discloses a graphene multi-functional ultra-fine fiber multi-layer non-woven fabric and its preparation method, which utilizes card clothing and air mixing to open the ultra-fine fiber. , but the dispersion effect is not ideal and the uniformity is not good.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers, which can effectively perform multiple fine opening cycles on ultrafine fibers to enhance the dispersion effect, thereby improving the performance of its end products.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers in order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, and solve the problem that the prior art cannot effectively perform multiple fine openings on ultrafine fibers .

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

The purpose of the present invention is to protect a fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers, including a housing, a negative pressure opening assembly, a beater opening assembly, and a transmission assembly, wherein specifically:

The negative pressure opening assembly includes a feeding port on the shell, an opening roller inside the shell, a negative pressure unit inside the opening roller, a discharge port on the shell, The stripping roller between the discharge port and the opening roller, the surface of the opening roller is provided with horn nails, and the horn nails are distributed in a spiral line on the surface of the opening roller, and the surface of the opening roller is provided with multiple a negative pressure hole;

The beating hand opening assembly is arranged inside the housing, including the beating hand below the opening roller, the bushing plate between the beating hand and the opening roller, the beating hand is a cylindrical straight roller, and the surface of the beating hand is provided with a blade ;

The conveying assembly includes a cotton conveying pipeline and a fan arranged in the cotton conveying pipeline, one end of the cotton conveying pipeline is connected to the housing, and the connection position corresponds to the beater opening assembly, and the cotton conveying pipeline The other end is connected with the feeding port.

Further, during the opening process:

The ultra-fine fiber raw material enters the shell through the feeding port, and the rotating opening roller generates suction force at the negative pressure hole through the internal negative pressure unit, so as to screen and absorb the lighter ultra-fine fiber and carry out the opening process , the loosened fiber flows forward spirally along the oblique direction of the brad to the stripping roller;

The large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly due to their own weight, and after being loosened by the beater, they re-enter the feeding port through the cotton conveying pipe, and the fine opening is performed reciprocatingly for a preset number of times.

Further, the surfaces of the opening rollers, stripping rollers, bushings, and beaters are all sprayed with antistatic agents;

The antistatic agent is alkyl quaternary ammonium, alkyl sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, ethoxylated lauramide, glycerol-stearate, alkali metal salt of dithiocarbamic acid, ethoxylated aliphatic alkylamine one or a combination of more.

Further, the opening roller has a diameter of 10-30 cm and a length of 50-200 cm.

Further, the shape of the brad nail includes one or more combinations of M-shape, triangle, and needle-shape inclined to one side.

Further, the pressure generated by the negative pressure unit is -5～-50kPa;

The negative pressure holes are arranged in rows between adjacent corner nails, and the number of negative pressure holes in each row is 30 to 150, with a total of 8 to 36 rows and a diameter of 3 to 10 mm.

Further, the number of the stripping rollers is 1-4, and the stripping rollers are all arranged on one side of the opening roller.

Further, the conveying wind speed of the fan is 5-20m/s.

Further, after the preset times of fine opening, the diameter of the obtained ultrafine fibers is less than 10 μm, and the length is 30-200 mm.

Further, the microfiber is polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyether sulfone, polylactic acid, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, polybenzimidazole, polypyrene Vinyl fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polycaprolactone, polyamic acid, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyethyleneimine, poly One or more combinations of ethylene, polypropylene, polyarylsulfone, polyurethane, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyimide, and aramid.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages:

The fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers in the present invention adopts a negative pressure unit and a cycle opening structure to screen and absorb lightweight ultrafine fibers in the process of opening and reciprocating multiple times for fine opening, which is conducive to full dispersion Microfiber for enhanced opening.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front schematic diagram of opening device among the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of one side of the opening roller and the stripping roller in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the back of the opening device in the present invention.

Among them: 1-feeding port, 2-opening roller, 3-negative pressure unit, 4-stripping roller, 5-negative pressure hole, 6-corner nail, 7-discharging port, 8-beater, 9-disconnector , 10-cotton delivery pipe, 11-fan

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The features such as component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms, etc. that are not clearly stated in this technical solution are regarded as common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

The existing devices all use the traditional opener to open and disperse the fibers by using the card opening structure, card clothing carding, opening licker-in roller and other devices, but most of them are single opening, the opening effect is not good, affecting Subsequent processing and product performance; or cyclic opening, but it cannot be applied to ultra-fine fibers with extremely low linear density.

The invention utilizes the negative pressure unit and the circulation opening structure to screen and absorb the lighter superfine fibers, and the opened fibers spirally flow forward along the corner nails to the stripping rollers, and the large fiber clusters that cannot be adsorbed fall due to their own weight To the beater opening assembly, after being loosened by the beater, it enters the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipe, and repeats this way for multiple times of fine opening to improve the opening effect.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1-3, the fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers in this technical solution includes a negative pressure opening assembly, a beating hand opening assembly and a transmission assembly;

The negative pressure opening assembly is mainly composed of a feeding port 1, an opening roller 2, a negative pressure unit 3, a stripping roller 4 and a discharge port 7; the feeding port 1 is set above the side of the opening roller 2; the opening roller The inner cavity of the opening roller 2 is provided with a negative pressure unit 3, and the surface of the opening roller 2 is provided with multiple rows of negative pressure holes 5 and brad nails 6 distributed in a helical line on the surface of the opening roller 2. There are multiple stripping rollers 4, and the stripping rollers 4 are fixed between the discharge port 7 and the opening roller 2; the discharge port 7 is located on the opposite side of the feed port 1.

The negative pressure unit 3 in this technical solution is the mainstream vacuum suction equipment on the market. In this technical solution, the inner cavity of the opening roller is hollow, and the negative pressure unit 3 is set inside, and there are many holes on the surface of the roller, see Figure 2 , which is the suction port (negative pressure hole) of the negative pressure unit. When the negative pressure unit 3 is turned on, the negative pressure will follow the suction port to absorb external fibers.

The beater opening assembly is located directly below the opening roller 2. The beater 8 is a cylindrical straight roller with blades evenly distributed on the surface of the roller in the radial and axial directions. There is a bushing 9 between the beater 8 and the opening roller 2.

The conveying assembly is mainly composed of a cotton conveying pipeline 10 and a fan 11 , the cotton conveying pipeline 10 communicates with the beater opening assembly and the feeding port 1 , and the fan 11 is arranged in the cotton conveying pipeline 10 .

During specific operation, the superfine fiber raw material enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port 1, and the high-speed rotating opening roller 2 is equipped with a negative pressure unit 3 inside and a plurality of negative pressure holes 5 on the surface to screen and absorb lighter weight. Superfine fibers, the loosened fibers spiral forward along the brad nails 6 to the stripping rollers; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly due to their own weight, and after being loosened by the beaters 8, they pass through the cotton delivery pipe 10 Re-enter the feeding port 1, and perform fine opening many times in this way.

The opening roller 2 has a diameter of 10-30cm and a length of 50-200cm; the angled shape of the corner nail 6 includes but is not limited to M-shaped, triangular, and needle-shaped; the pressure that can be generated by the negative pressure unit 3 is -5～-50kPa, The holes 5 are arranged in rows and parallel between the corner nails 6, the number of each row of negative pressure holes 5 is 30 to 150, a total of 8 to 36 rows are arranged, and the diameter is 3 to 10mm; the number of stripping rollers 4 is 1 to 4, located on one side of the opening roller 2.

Example 2

The polyamide fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port, and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on. The negative pressure is -5kPa. The diameter of the opening roller is 10cm, and the length is 50cm. The negative pressure hole is 3mm in diameter, 240 in total, 8 rows in total, 30 in each row, and spirally flows forward along the horn nails to the cotton stripping roller, and the cotton stripping roller The number is 1; the large fiber group that cannot be absorbed falls to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, it enters the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. The fan wind speed in the cotton conveying pipeline is 5m/s, and so on. Fine opening. Finally, the dispersed polyamide superfine fiber has a length of 30 mm and a diameter of 2 μm.

Example 3

The polystyrene fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port, and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on. The negative pressure is -35kPa. The diameter of the opening roller is 20cm, and the length is 140cm. The polystyrene fiber It is adsorbed on the opening roller due to negative pressure. The diameter of the negative pressure hole is 6mm, and the number is 1600 in total. There are 20 rows in total, with 80 holes in each row. The number of cotton rollers is 2; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they enter the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. The wind speed of the fan in the cotton conveying pipeline is 10m/s, so Reciprocating for fine opening. Finally, the dispersed polystyrene microfibers had a length of 90 mm and a diameter of 5 μm.

Example 4

The polyethylene fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on. The negative pressure is -50kPa. The diameter of the opening roller is 30cm and the length is 200cm. Pressured and absorbed on the opening roller, the negative pressure hole diameter is 10mm, the number is 5,400 in total, 36 rows in total, 150 in each row, and flows forward spirally along the corner nails to the cotton stripping roller, and the cotton stripping roller The number is 4; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they re-enter the feeding port through the cotton conveying pipeline. The fan wind speed in the cotton conveying pipeline is 20m/s, and so on. Fine opening. Finally, the dispersed polyethylene ultrafine fiber has a length of 200 mm and a diameter of 10 μm.

Example 5

The polypropylene fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on. The negative pressure is -10kPa. The diameter of the opening roller is 13cm and the length is 58cm. The negative pressure holes are 5mm in diameter, 400 in total, 10 rows in total, 40 in each row, and spiral forward along the horn nails to the cotton stripping roller, and the cotton stripping roller The number is 4; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they enter the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. The wind speed of the fan in the cotton conveying pipeline is 8m/s, and so on. Fine opening. Finally, the dispersed polypropylene superfine fiber has a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 4 μm.

Example 6

Polyurethane fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on. The negative pressure is -25kPa, the diameter of the opening roller is 25cm, and the length is 100cm. Adsorbed on the opening roller, the diameter of the negative pressure hole is 8mm, and the number is 600 in total, 15 rows in total, 40 in each row, and flows forward spirally along the horn nails to the stripping roller. The number is 4; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they enter the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. loose. Finally, the length of the dispersed polyurethane microfibers obtained was 55 mm, and the diameter was 3 μm.

Example 7

The polyarylsulfone fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port, and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on, the negative pressure is -35kPa, the diameter of the opening roller is 25cm, and the length is 120cm. Polyarylsulfone fiber It is adsorbed on the opening roller due to negative pressure. The diameter of the negative pressure hole is 10mm, and the number is 1000 in total. There are 20 rows in total, 50 in each row. The number of cotton rollers is 3; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they enter the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. The wind speed of the fan in the cotton conveying pipeline is 15m/s, so Reciprocating for fine opening. Finally, the obtained dispersed polyarylsulfone ultrafine fibers have a length of 60 mm and a diameter of 2 μm.

Example 8

The polycaprolactone fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port, and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on. The negative pressure is -40kPa. The diameter of the opening roller is 30cm, and the length is 150cm. The polyester fiber is adsorbed on the opening roller due to the negative pressure. The diameter of the negative pressure hole is 10mm, and the number is 1200 in total. There are 20 rows in total, 60 in each row, and spirally flows forward along the horn nails to the cotton stripping roller. , the number of stripping rollers is 3; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they enter the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. The fan speed in the cotton conveying pipeline is 17m/s , so reciprocating for fine opening. Finally, the dispersed polycaprolactone superfine fiber has a length of 100 mm and a diameter of 900 nm.

Example 9

The polylactic acid fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on. The negative pressure is -40kPa. The diameter of the opening roller is 30cm and the length is 150cm. Pressured and absorbed on the opening roller, the diameter of the negative pressure hole is 9mm, the number is 2100 in total, 30 rows in total, 70 in each row, and flows forward spirally along the horn nails to the cotton stripping roller, and the cotton stripping roller The number is 3; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they enter the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. The wind speed of the fan in the cotton conveying pipeline is 17m/s, and so on. Fine opening. Finally, the length of the dispersed polylactic acid ultrafine fiber is 120mm, and the diameter is 800nm.

Example 10

The polyamic acid fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on. The negative pressure is -50kPa. The diameter of the opening roller is 30cm and the length is 200cm. The polyamic acid fiber It is adsorbed on the opening roller due to negative pressure. The diameter of the negative pressure hole is 9mm, and the number is 3600 in total. There are 36 rows in total, with 100 holes in each row. The number of cotton rollers is 4; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they enter the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. The wind speed of the fan in the cotton conveying pipeline is 20m/s, so Reciprocating for fine opening. Finally, the dispersed polyamic acid superfine fibers had a length of 170 mm and a diameter of 800 nm.

Example 11

The polyvinyl chloride fiber enters the negative pressure opening assembly through the feeding port, and falls on the high-speed rotating opening roller. At the same time, the negative pressure unit is turned on, the negative pressure is -45kPa, the diameter of the opening roller is 30cm, and the length is 200cm. The PVC fiber It is adsorbed on the opening roller due to negative pressure. The diameter of the negative pressure hole is 10mm, and the number is 5,400 in total. There are 36 rows in total, with 150 holes in each row. The number of cotton rollers is 4; the large fiber clusters that cannot be absorbed fall to the beater opening assembly, and after being loosened by the beater, they enter the feeding port again through the cotton conveying pipeline. The wind speed of the fan in the cotton conveying pipeline is 20m/s, so Reciprocating for fine opening. Finally, the length of the dispersed polyvinyl chloride superfine fiber is 190 mm, and the diameter is 900 nm.

The above descriptions of the embodiments are for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers, comprising:

a housing;

the negative pressure opening assembly comprises a feeding port (1) arranged on a shell, an opening roller (2) arranged in the shell, a negative pressure unit (3) arranged in the opening roller (2), a discharging port (7) arranged on the shell and a cotton stripping roller (4) arranged between the discharging port (7) and the opening roller (2), wherein angle nails (6) are arranged on the surface of the opening roller (2), the angle nails (6) are distributed in a spiral line on the surface of the opening roller (2), and a plurality of negative pressure holes (5) are formed in the surface of the opening roller (2);

the beater opening assembly is arranged inside the shell and comprises a beater (8) arranged below the opening roller (2) and a bushing (9) arranged between the beater (8) and the opening roller (2), wherein the beater (8) is a cylindrical straight roller, and a blade is arranged on the surface of the beater (8);

the conveying assembly comprises a cotton conveying pipeline (10) and a fan (11) arranged in the cotton conveying pipeline (10), one end of the cotton conveying pipeline (10) is connected with the shell, the connecting position corresponds to the beater opening assembly, and the other end of the cotton conveying pipeline (10) is connected with the feeding port (1);

in the specific opening process:

the superfine fiber raw material enters the shell through the feeding hole (1), the opening roller (2) in a rotating state generates suction force at the negative pressure hole (5) through the internal negative pressure unit (3), so that the superfine fiber with lighter weight is screened and adsorbed, the opening process is carried out, and the opened fiber spirally flows forwards to the cotton stripping roller (4) along the inclined direction of the angle nail (6);

the large fiber clusters which cannot be adsorbed fall onto the beater opening assembly due to self weight, and enter the feeding port (1) again through the cotton conveying pipeline (10) after being opened by the beater (8), so that fine opening of preset times is performed in a reciprocating mode.

2. The fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, wherein antistatic agents are sprayed on the surfaces of the opening roller (2), the cotton stripping roller (4), the bushing plate (9) and the beater (8);

the antistatic agent is one or more of alkyl quaternary ammonium, alkyl sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, ethoxy lauramide, glycerin-stearate, alkali metal salt of dithiocarbamic acid and ethoxylated aliphatic alkyl amine.

3. A fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening roller (2) has a diameter of 10-30 cm and a length of 50-200 cm.

4. A fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the angle nail (6) comprises one or a combination of more of M-shape, triangle-shape, needle-shape inclined to one side.

5. The fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, wherein the pressure generated by the negative pressure unit (3) is-5 to-50 kPa;

the negative pressure holes (5) are arranged between adjacent angle nails (6) in a row, the number of the negative pressure holes (5) in each row is 30-150, 8-36 rows are arranged in total, and the diameter is 3-10 mm.

6. The fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, wherein the number of the stripping rollers (4) is 1-4, and the stripping rollers (4) are arranged on one side of the opening roller (2).

7. The fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, wherein the conveying wind speed of the fan (11) is 5-20 m/s.

8. The fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, wherein after fine opening is performed for a preset number of times, the obtained ultrafine fibers have a diameter of less than 10 μm and a length of 30-200 mm.

9. The fine opening device for dispersing ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, wherein the ultrafine fibers are one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethersulfone, polylactic acid, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, polybenzimidazole, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polycaprolactone, polyamic acid, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyethyleneimine, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyarylsulfone, polyurethane, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyimide, and aramid.