CN114934808B - Automatic control and discharge system and method for water-rich tunnel based on structural safety - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic control and discharge system of a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety, which belongs to the field of tunnel drainage and comprises a structural safety perception subsystem: the method is used for acquiring the stress state and the deformation state of the surrounding rock and the lining structure in real time; groundwater flow sensing subsystem: the system is used for collecting groundwater flow data in real time; and a water guiding subsystem: the device is used for guiding the groundwater in the surrounding rock to flow; and a water collecting subsystem: the water collecting device is used for collecting water and storing underground water; and a control discharge subsystem: the information sent by the structural safety sensing subsystem and the groundwater flow sensing subsystem is collected and sent to a remote terminal after being processed, receiving an instruction of a remote terminal, and draining water collected in the class I grit chamber into a water collecting tank when the drainage capacity of a drainage subsystem reaches the maximum; the drainage subsystem is used for draining water in the water collecting subsystem out of the tunnel.

Description

A water-rich tunnel automatic control discharge system and method based on structural safety

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of tunnel drainage, and relates to an automatic control drainage system and method for a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety.

Background Art

The development of expressway network has promoted the rapid development of tunnel construction. Due to the special construction environment of tunnels, "nine out of ten tunnels have leakage" has become a prominent problem in the process of tunnel construction and operation. In the past, the research on groundwater issues was mostly aimed at specific projects to study the flow of groundwater in the engineering structure, the drainage of the structure and the treatment of groundwater, but there was little research on the distribution of external water pressure of tunnel lining structure and the water pressure of the structure. Therefore, the treatment results of such projects are either that the water pressure on the lining is not very large, and overly conservative countermeasures are taken, resulting in corresponding waste; or that the water pressure on the lining is very large, and overly risky or blind countermeasures are taken, which poses safety hazards and causes safety problems. In particular, there is no reasonable way to determine the classification standard of external water pressure of lining structure. There is no doubt that the distribution law of external water pressure of lining can provide an important theoretical basis for structural design and construction, which is helpful to enrich and develop the theory of tunnel structure mechanics, ensure the safety of tunnel engineering and improve its economy.

If highway tunnels adopt the principle of "drainage as the main method" to treat groundwater, it will cause the loss of surface groundwater, affect the production and living water of residents within a certain range near the top of the tunnel, and damage the natural ecological environment of the region. The current principle of water management is "combining prevention, drainage, interception and blocking, and adapting to local conditions". Under this background, the tunnel lining is bound to withstand the external water pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to invent an automatic control and discharge system for tunnel groundwater. When the safety state of the lining structure reaches the set threshold, the automatic discharge of tunnel groundwater is realized based on the system, and the pressure of the lining structure is reduced as soon as possible to ensure the safety of the structure, so as to achieve the timeliness and automation of groundwater control.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a water-rich tunnel automatic control discharge system and method based on structural safety.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

On the one hand, the present invention provides an automatic control discharge system for a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety, comprising a remote terminal, a structural safety sensing subsystem, a groundwater flow sensing subsystem, a water guiding subsystem, a water collecting subsystem, a control discharge subsystem and a drainage subsystem;

The structural safety perception subsystem is used to obtain the stress state and deformation state of the surrounding rock and lining structure in real time, and send them to the control emission subsystem;

The groundwater flow sensing subsystem is used to collect groundwater flow data in real time and send it to the discharge control subsystem;

The water guiding subsystem is used to guide the flow of groundwater in the surrounding rock and improve the distribution law of water pressure outside the lining structure;

The water collection subsystem is used to collect and store groundwater, including a Class I grit chamber set on both sides of the tunnel, a water collection chamber set below and to the side of the Class I grit chamber, and a Class II grit chamber set at the bottom of the water collection chamber, which is used to alleviate the danger of increased external water pressure caused by untimely groundwater discharge and buy time for controlling discharge;

The control and discharge subsystem is used to collect information sent by the structural safety sensing subsystem and the groundwater flow sensing subsystem, and send it to the remote terminal after processing, and is also used to receive instructions from the remote terminal, and when the drainage capacity of the drainage subsystem reaches the maximum, the collected water in the first-level grit chamber is discharged into the water collection tank;

The drainage subsystem is used to discharge the water in the water collection subsystem out of the tunnel.

Furthermore, the structural safety perception subsystem includes a piezometer, a strain gauge and a displacement gauge buried in the surrounding rock and the lining structure. The piezometer is used to measure the pore water pressure of the surrounding rock and the lining structure in real time, the strain gauge is used to measure the strain of the surrounding rock and the lining structure in real time, and the displacement gauge is used to measure the displacement of the surrounding rock and the lining structure in real time.

Furthermore, the groundwater flow sensing subsystem is composed of ultrasonic level meters arranged in the first-level grit chamber and the water collection tank, and is used to obtain water level data in the first-level grit chamber and the water collection tank in real time.

Furthermore, the water guiding subsystem is composed of radial blind pipes and annular blind pipes buried inside the surrounding rock, which guide the groundwater in the surrounding rock to the Class I sand settling tank.

Furthermore, the control discharge subsystem is arranged between the first-level grit chamber and the water collection tank, and includes a data collector, a data analysis unit, a discharge controller and a water stop valve; the data collector is connected to the structural safety sensing subsystem and the groundwater flow sensing subsystem to collect data, and the collected data is preliminarily processed by the data analysis unit and sent to the remote terminal to determine whether the current groundwater volume has exceeded the threshold of the drainage subsystem, and whether the external water pressure has increased to cause the stress state and deformation state of the surrounding rock and lining structure to exceed the threshold. If so, a command is sent to the discharge controller to open the water stop valve to discharge the water in the first-level grit chamber into the water collection tank.

Furthermore, the drainage subsystem includes a lateral drainage pipe, a suction pipe, a water pump, a central ditch and a roadside ditch. The central ditch is arranged underground in the middle of the tunnel. The lateral drainage pipe is inclined downward to connect the Class I sand settling tank and the central ditch. The roadside ditch is arranged on both sides of the road in the tunnel. The suction pipe connects the water collection tank and the roadside ditch, and the water in the water collection tank is pumped into the roadside ditch by a water pump. An overflow hole is also provided on the top of the roadside ditch to allow groundwater to overflow from the overflow hole onto the road when the flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the roadside ditch.

Furthermore, it also includes a cleaning and maintenance subsystem, which specifically includes a maintenance entrance and exit, steps, a ladder and a lifting pulley. The maintenance entrance and exit is arranged between the tunnel lining structure and the water collection tank, and the water collection tank can be accessed by climbing the ladder. The steps are arranged between the level I grit tank and the tunnel road. The lifting pulley group is arranged in the water collection tank and is used to lift the waste slag in the level II grit tank out of the water collection tank.

On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for automatically controlling discharge of a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety, comprising the following steps:

S1: The structural safety perception subsystem collects the structural safety status in real time, and the groundwater flow collects the groundwater flow data in real time, and transmits the data to the control and discharge subsystem for preliminary processing, and then transmits it to the remote terminal;

S2: The remote terminal makes a judgment based on the set safety threshold and issues instructions to the control discharge subsystem. The judgment includes: when the external water pressure exceeds the structural safety bearing capacity, or the groundwater flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the drainage subsystem;

S3: The control discharge subsystem responds. There are two response modes: ① When the structure is safe and the drainage capacity is sufficient, the water stop valve of the control discharge subsystem is closed, and the groundwater is discharged from the first-level grit chamber into the central ditch through the lateral drainage pipe; ② When the structure is unsafe or the drainage capacity is insufficient, the control water stop valve is opened. The opening amount is determined according to the groundwater flow rate. The groundwater in the first-level grit chamber is discharged into the collection tank. The groundwater flow rate is calculated as follows:

n _kp represents the number of water-stop valves to be opened; Q _lr represents the groundwater flow rate flowing into the grit chamber; n _hp represents the number of lateral drainage pipes in the area; q _hp represents the drainage capacity of the lateral drainage pipes; q _kp represents the drainage capacity of the automatic control discharge device;

S4: When the water level in the water collection tank exceeds the threshold, the water pump in the water collection tank automatically starts working. The number of water pumps working is automatically determined according to the actual flow of water in the water collection tank. The groundwater in the water collection tank is pumped into the roadside ditch for discharge. When the flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the roadside ditch, the groundwater overflows from the overflow hole, the tunnel traffic control system is activated, and the tunnel is closed to ensure operational safety. The actual flow of water in the water collection tank is calculated as follows:

n _cs represents the number of water pumps to be turned on; q _cs represents the pumping capacity of the water pump; n _kp represents the number of automatic control discharge devices turned on; q _kp represents the drainage capacity of the automatic control discharge devices;

S5: When the safety situation is lifted, the water pump and water stop valve are closed, and the groundwater continues to be discharged from the lateral drainage pipe into the central ditch;

S6: Use the cleaning and maintenance subsystem to clean the wastewater and waste residue in the collection tank, enter the collection tank through the ladder to remove the residue, and use the lifting pulley set to transport the waste residue out of the collection tank.

S7: Enter the next cycle.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that when the safety status of the lining structure reaches a set threshold, the automatic discharge of tunnel groundwater is achieved based on the system and method of the present invention, the pressure of the lining structure is reduced immediately to ensure structural safety, and the timeliness and automation of groundwater control are achieved.

Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG1 is a block diagram of the composition of the automatic control discharge system for a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety according to the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the water-rich tunnel automatic control discharge system based on structural safety according to the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the emission control subsystem;

Figure 4 is a large-scale diagram of the water collection subsystem;

FIG5 is a flowchart of the automatic control discharge system for a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety according to the present invention.

Figure numerals: piezometer 1, strain gauge 2, displacement meter 3, radial blind pipe 4, circumferential blind pipe 5, level I grit chamber 6, collecting tank 7, level II grit chamber 8, emission control subsystem 9, lateral drainage pipe 10, suction pipe 11, water pump 12, central ditch 13, roadside ditch 14, overflow hole 15, maintenance entrance and exit 16, ladder 17, liquid level meter 18, data collector 91, data analysis unit 92, emission controller 93, water stop valve 94.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner, and the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

Among them, the drawings are only used for illustrative explanations, and they only represent schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

As shown in Figures 1-2 and 4, the invention provides an automatic control emission system for a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety. The system is arranged in the water-rich section of the tunnel, and an independent automatic control emission system is arranged every 20 meters. The whole system consists of seven parts: structural safety sensing subsystem, groundwater flow sensing subsystem, water diversion subsystem, water collection subsystem, control emission subsystem, drainage subsystem and cleaning and maintenance subsystem.

1) Structural safety perception subsystem. This subsystem is mainly composed of a piezometer 1, a strain gauge 2 and a displacement gauge 3 buried inside the surrounding rock and lining structure, and is mainly responsible for real-time acquisition of the stress state and deformation state of the surrounding rock and lining structure.

2) Groundwater flow sensing subsystem: This subsystem is mainly composed of ultrasonic level meters 18 arranged in the first-level grit chamber 6 and the water collection tank 7, and is mainly responsible for the implementation and acquisition of water level data in the first-level grit chamber 6 and the water collection tank 7.

3) Water guiding subsystem. This system mainly consists of radial blind pipes 4 and annular blind pipes 5 buried inside the surrounding rock, which are mainly responsible for guiding the flow of groundwater in the surrounding rock and improving the distribution law of water pressure outside the lining structure.

4) Water collection subsystem. This subsystem is mainly composed of the Class I grit chamber 6, the water collection chamber 7, and the Class II grit chamber 8 arranged on both sides of the tunnel. It is mainly responsible for collecting and storing groundwater and alleviating the danger of increased external water pressure caused by untimely groundwater discharge, thus buying time for controlling discharge.

5) Control discharge subsystem 9. As shown in FIG3, this subsystem is installed on the side wall of the first-level grit chamber 6, and is mainly responsible for discharging the collected water in the first-level grit chamber 6 into the water collection tank 7 when the drainage capacity of the existing drainage system is insufficient. The device is mainly composed of a data collector 91, a data analysis unit 92, a discharge controller 93 and a water stop valve 94. The data collector 91 is connected to the structural safety perception subsystem and the groundwater flow perception subsystem, and the data is simply processed by the data analysis unit 92 and transmitted to the remote terminal. The remote terminal sends a control command to the control discharger 93, and the control discharger 93 opens or closes the water stop valve 94 according to the command.

6) Drainage subsystem. This subsystem consists of a transverse drainage pipe 10, a pumping pipe 11, a water pump 12, a central ditch 13 and a roadside ditch 14, and is mainly responsible for quickly draining the groundwater in the first-level grit chamber 6 and the water collection tank 7.

7) Cleaning and maintenance subsystem. This subsystem is mainly composed of a maintenance entrance and exit 16, steps, ladders 17 and lifting pulleys, and is mainly responsible for cleaning and maintenance of the entire system.

As shown in Figure 5, the basic working principle of the system is: when the external water pressure of the lining exceeds the safe bearing capacity of the lining structure or the groundwater flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the existing drainage system, the automatic control discharge system starts to quickly discharge the groundwater, reduce the structural pressure and ensure the safety of the structure. The detailed working process is as follows.

1) The structural safety perception subsystem collects the structural safety status in real time, while the groundwater flow collects the groundwater flow data in real time and transmits the data to the remote terminal.

2) The remote terminal makes a judgment based on the set safety threshold and issues instructions to the system. Judgment criteria: the external water pressure exceeds the structural safety bearing capacity, or the groundwater flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the existing drainage system.

3) The system responds. There are two response modes: ① When the structure is safe and the drainage capacity is sufficient, the automatic control discharge device is closed, and the groundwater is discharged into the central ditch from the lateral drainage pipe along the original path; ② When the structure is unsafe or the drainage capacity is insufficient, the automatic control discharge device is opened, and the opening amount can be automatically determined according to the groundwater flow calculation (see formula 1), and the groundwater in the first-level sedimentation tank is discharged into the collection tank.

n _kp -- the number of automatic control discharge devices to be opened;

Q _lr -- groundwater flow into the grit chamber;

n _hp -- the number of lateral drainage pipes in the area;

q _hp -- drainage capacity of the lateral drain pipe;

q _kp -- drainage capacity of the automatic control discharge device.

4) When the water level in the water collection tank exceeds the threshold, the water pump in the water collection tank automatically starts working. The working quantity of the water pump can be automatically controlled according to the actual flow calculation (see formula 2), and the groundwater in the water collection tank is pumped into the roadside ditch for discharge. When the flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the roadside ditch, the groundwater can overflow from the overflow hole. At this time, the tunnel traffic control system can be activated and the tunnel can be closed to ensure operational safety.

n _cs -- the number of pumps to be turned on;

q _cs --the pumping capacity of the water pump.

n _kp -- the number of automatic control discharge devices opened;

q _kp -- drainage capacity of the automatic control discharge device.

5) Safety release. The water pump and the automatic control discharge device are turned off, and the groundwater continues to be discharged from the lateral drainage pipe into the central ditch.

6) Start the cleaning and maintenance system to clean the wastewater and waste residue in the water collection tank. This work requires manual intervention. The operator climbs the ladder into the water collection tank to remove the residue and uses the pulley group to transport the waste residue out of the water collection tank.

7) Enter the next loop.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An automatic control and discharge system for a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety, characterized by: comprising a remote terminal, a structural safety sensing subsystem, a groundwater flow sensing subsystem, a water guiding subsystem, a water collecting subsystem, a control and discharge subsystem and a drainage subsystem; The structural safety perception subsystem is used to obtain the stress state and deformation state of the surrounding rock and lining structure in real time, and send them to the control emission subsystem; The groundwater flow sensing subsystem is used to collect groundwater flow data in real time and send it to the discharge control subsystem; The water guiding subsystem is used to guide the flow direction of groundwater in the surrounding rock; The water collection subsystem is used to collect and store groundwater, including a Class I grit chamber arranged on both sides of the tunnel, a water collection chamber arranged below and to the side of the Class I grit chamber, and a Class II grit chamber arranged at the bottom of the water collection chamber; The control discharge subsystem is arranged between the first-level grit chamber and the water collection tank, and includes a data collector, a data analysis unit, a discharge controller and a water stop valve; the data collector is connected with the structural safety sensing subsystem and the groundwater flow sensing subsystem to collect data, and the collected data is preliminarily processed by the data analysis unit and sent to the remote terminal to judge whether the current groundwater volume has exceeded the threshold of the horizontal drainage pipe in the drainage subsystem, and whether the external water pressure has increased to cause the stress state and deformation state of the surrounding rock and lining structure to exceed the threshold. If so, a command is sent to the discharge controller to open the water stop valve to discharge the water in the first-level grit chamber into the water collection tank; The drainage subsystem includes a lateral drainage pipe, a suction pipe, a water pump, a central ditch and a roadside ditch. The central ditch is arranged underground in the middle of the tunnel. The lateral drainage pipe is inclined downward to connect the Class I sand settling tank and the central ditch. The roadside ditch is arranged on both sides of the road in the tunnel. The suction pipe connects the water collection tank and the roadside ditch, and the water in the water collection tank is pumped into the roadside ditch by a water pump. An overflow hole is also provided on the top of the roadside ditch to allow groundwater to overflow from the overflow hole onto the road when the flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the roadside ditch. 2. According to the automatic controlled discharge system for water-rich tunnels based on structural safety according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the structural safety perception subsystem includes a piezometer, a strain gauge and a displacement gauge buried in the surrounding rock and the lining structure, the piezometer is used to measure the pore water pressure of the surrounding rock and the lining structure in real time, the strain gauge is used to measure the strain of the surrounding rock and the lining structure in real time, and the displacement gauge is used to measure the displacement of the surrounding rock and the lining structure in real time. 3. According to the structural safety-based automatic control discharge system for water-rich tunnels as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the groundwater flow sensing subsystem is composed of ultrasonic level meters arranged in the first-level grit chamber and the water collection tank, which are used to obtain the water level data in the first-level grit chamber and the water collection tank in real time. 4. According to the automatic controlled discharge system for water-rich tunnels based on structural safety as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the water guiding subsystem is composed of radial blind pipes and annular blind pipes buried inside the surrounding rock, which guide the groundwater in the surrounding rock to the Class I sand settling tank. 5. According to claim 1, the automatic control discharge system for water-rich tunnels based on structural safety is characterized in that it also includes a cleaning and maintenance subsystem, which specifically includes a maintenance entrance and exit, steps, ladders and lifting pulleys. The maintenance entrance and exit is arranged between the tunnel lining structure and the water collection tank, and the water collection tank can be accessed by climbing up and down the ladder. The steps are arranged between the level I grit tank and the tunnel road. The lifting pulley group is arranged in the water collection tank and is used to lift the waste slag in the level II grit tank out of the water collection tank. 6. The discharge method of the automatic control discharge system of a water-rich tunnel based on structural safety according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1: The structural safety perception subsystem collects the structural safety status in real time, and the groundwater flow collects the groundwater flow data in real time, and transmits the data to the control and discharge subsystem for preliminary processing, and then transmits it to the remote terminal; S2: The remote terminal makes a judgment based on the set safety threshold and issues instructions to the control discharge subsystem. The judgment includes: when the external water pressure exceeds the structural safety bearing capacity, or the groundwater flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the drainage subsystem; S3: The control discharge subsystem responds. There are two response modes: ① When the structure is safe and the drainage capacity is sufficient, the water stop valve of the control discharge subsystem is closed, and the groundwater is discharged from the first-level grit chamber into the central ditch through the lateral drainage pipe; ② When the structure is unsafe or the drainage capacity is insufficient, the control water stop valve is opened. The opening amount is determined according to the groundwater flow rate. The groundwater in the first-level grit chamber is discharged into the collection tank. The groundwater flow rate is calculated as follows: n _kp represents the number of water-stop valves to be opened; Q _lr represents the groundwater flow rate flowing into the grit chamber; n _hp represents the number of lateral drainage pipes in the area; q _hp represents the drainage capacity of the lateral drainage pipes; q _kp represents the drainage capacity of the automatic control discharge device; S4: When the water level in the water collection tank exceeds the threshold, the water pump in the water collection tank automatically starts working. The number of water pumps working is automatically determined according to the actual flow of water in the water collection tank. The groundwater in the water collection tank is pumped into the roadside ditch for discharge. When the flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the roadside ditch, the groundwater overflows from the overflow hole, the tunnel traffic control system is activated, and the tunnel is closed to ensure operational safety. The actual flow of water in the water collection tank is calculated as follows: n _cs represents the number of water pumps to be turned on; q _cs represents the pumping capacity of the water pump; n _kp represents the number of automatic control discharge devices turned on; q _kp represents the drainage capacity of the automatic control discharge devices; S5: When the safety situation is lifted, the water pump and water stop valve are closed, and the groundwater continues to be discharged from the lateral drainage pipe into the central ditch; S6: Use the cleaning and maintenance subsystem to clean the wastewater and waste residue in the water collection tank, enter the water collection tank through the ladder to remove the residue, and use the lifting pulley block to transport the waste residue out of the water collection tank; S7: Enter the next cycle.