CN114927040A - Electromagnetic induction experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an electromagnetic induction experiment device, which relates to the field of physical experiment devices; the electromagnetic induction experiment device comprises: a base, a first magnet, a second magnet, a copper coil, a swing mechanism, an angle adjustment mechanism and a galvanometer; the top of the base is vertically arranged There is a support rod; the first magnet and the second magnet are used to be placed on the base at intervals and generate magnetic induction lines; the swing mechanism is arranged on the support rod, used to install and swing the copper coil, so that the copper coil cuts the magnetic induction line; angle The adjusting mechanism is arranged on the support rod and is used to limit the swing angle of the swing mechanism, thereby limiting the speed at which the copper coil cuts the magnetic induction line; the galvanometer is electrically connected to the copper coil through a wire; the invention also provides an electromagnetic induction experimental method, which can Effectively control the speed of the copper coil cutting the magnetic induction line to avoid the too fast cutting of the magnetic induction line by the copper coil, so that the deflection angle of the galvanometer pointer is too large, resulting in damage to the galvanometer pointer.

Description

An electromagnetic induction experimental device and experimental method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of physical experimental devices, in particular to an electromagnetic induction experimental device and an experimental method.

Background technique

The teaching objectives of the two physics courses "Lenz's Law" and "Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction" in the optional compulsory second volume of ordinary high school physics in the People's Education Edition include: (1) enable students to identify the factors that affect the direction of the induced current, ( 2) Enable students to understand the factors that affect the magnitude of the induced current. At present, the experimental method to identify the factors affecting the direction of the induced current in the textbook is to use a copper wire coil to connect the ammeter. Deflection, but the direction of the deflection is different in the two cases, indicating that the direction of the induced current is not the same. The experimental method to explain the factors affecting the magnitude of the induced current in the textbook is to put a hollow glass tube in the middle of the copper wire coil, and the two ends of the copper wire coil are connected to the voltmeter; wire coil; make the copper wire coil 20cm, 30cm and 50cm away from the upper nozzle respectively, and record the number indicated by the voltmeter; then change the number of turns of the copper wire coil and the strength of the magnet, repeat the experiment, and get the number of turns of the copper wire coil, The strength and speed of the magnets are proportional to the induced electromotive force.

The experimental method for identifying the factors affecting the direction of the induced current in the prior art is to observe the deflection of the pointer of the ammeter when a certain magnetic pole of the magnet is inserted into the copper wire coil and pulled out from the copper wire coil; the defect of this demonstration experiment is that it is difficult to accurately It is difficult to control the speed at which the magnetic pole is inserted into the copper wire coil and pulled out from the copper wire coil, that is, it is difficult to control the speed at which the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line; when the magnetic pole is inserted into and pulled out from the copper wire coil, the speed is too high When the galvanometer pointer is deflected too much to the left and right sides, the galvanometer pointer is damaged.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic induction experimental device, which can effectively control the speed of the copper coil cutting the magnetic induction line, so as to avoid excessively fast cutting of the magnetic induction line by the copper coil during the experiment, so that the deflection angle of the galvanometer pointer is too large, resulting in Damage to the galvanometer needle.

The invention provides an electromagnetic induction experiment device, comprising: a base, a first magnet, a second magnet, a copper coil, a swing mechanism, an angle adjustment mechanism and a galvanometer;

The top of the base is vertically arranged with a support rod; the first magnet and the second magnet are used to be placed on the base at intervals to generate magnetic lines of induction;

The swing mechanism is arranged on the support rod, and is used for installing and swinging the copper coil, so that the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line;

The angle adjustment mechanism is arranged on the support rod, and is used to limit the swing angle of the swing mechanism, so as to limit the speed at which the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line;

The galvanometer is electrically connected to the copper coil through a wire.

Further, the swing mechanism includes a first connecting block, a connecting rod, a limit plate and an insulating swing rod;

The first connection block is provided with a first through hole; the first connection block is movably sleeved on the support rod through the first through hole; the first connection block is provided with a first fastening bolts for fixing the first connection block on the support rod;

One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the first connecting block, so that the connecting rod is arranged in parallel with the base; an annular limit plate is provided on the connecting rod; the other end of the connecting rod is provided with a third a threaded hole;

One end of the insulating swing rod is provided with a first installation hole, and the other end is used for installing the copper coil; the insulating swing rod is rotatably installed on the connecting rod through the first installation hole;

One side of the limit plate is provided with a stud; the limit plate is matched with the first threaded hole through the stud, and is detachably arranged on the connecting rod; the limit plate is connected to the The annular limiting plate is matched to limit the position of the insulating swing rod on the connecting rod.

Further, the insulating pendulum rod is a hollow structure; the upper end of the insulating pendulum rod is provided with a wire inlet hole, and the lower end is provided with a wire outlet hole; the wire passes through the wire inlet hole and the wire outlet hole in the Inside the insulating pendulum.

Further, the electromagnetic induction experimental device further includes a support plate for supporting the galvanometer; the support plate is provided with a second through hole and a second fastening bolt; the support plate passes through the second through hole. The hole is movably sleeved on the support rod; the second fastening bolt is used to fix the support plate on the support rod.

Further, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a fixing plate, a second connecting block and a connecting plate;

The second connecting block is provided with a third through hole and a third tightening bolt; the second connecting block is movably sleeved on the support rod through the third through hole; the third tightening bolt for fixing the second connection block on the support rod;

the fixing plate is arranged on one side of the second connecting block; the fixing plate is arranged with a second threaded hole;

One end of the connecting plate is provided with a second mounting hole, and the other end is vertically provided with a limit rod; a fourth fastening bolt is provided in the second mounting hole and the second threaded hole; the connecting plate passes through the The second mounting hole, the second threaded hole and the fourth tightening bolt cooperate and are arranged on one side of the fixing plate, so that the limit rod is arranged in parallel with the base; the limit rod is used to limit the The swing angle of the swing mechanism.

Further, a scale line is provided on the fixing plate to indicate the angle between the connecting plate and the vertical direction; the connecting plate is provided with a bar-shaped through hole, which is used to facilitate the observation of the corresponding connecting plate. the tick marks.

The present invention also proposes an experimental method using the above-mentioned electromagnetic induction experimental device, comprising the following steps:

S1. Fix the copper coil on the swing mechanism through tape, and electrically connect it with the galvanometer through the wire;

S2, placing the first magnet and the second magnet on the base at a relative interval, so that when the swing mechanism drives the copper coil to swing, the magnetic field line can be cut;

S3. The copper coil is driven to swing by the swing mechanism, so that the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line, and the deflection direction and deflection angle of the pointer of the galvanometer are observed and recorded.

The beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are: the electromagnetic induction experimental device in the present invention includes a base, a first magnet, a second magnet, a copper coil, a swing mechanism, an angle adjustment mechanism and a galvanometer; The swing mechanism installs and swings the copper coil, so that the copper coil can cut the magnetic field lines generated by the first magnet and the second magnet, and the swing angle of the swing mechanism is limited by the angle adjustment mechanism , so as to limit the speed at which the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line, so as to avoid the excessively large swing angle of the swing mechanism during the experiment, so that the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line too fast, causing the The pointer of the galvanometer is deflected too much, causing damage to the pointer.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an electromagnetic induction experimental device in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the electromagnetic induction experimental device in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the front view of the electromagnetic induction experiment device in Fig. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the swing mechanism 5 in the electromagnetic induction experimental device of FIG. 1;

Fig. 5 is the exploded structure schematic diagram of the swing mechanism 5 in Fig. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the swing rod 54 in the swing mechanism of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the support plate 4 in the electromagnetic induction experimental device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the angle adjustment mechanism 2 in the electromagnetic induction experimental device of FIG. 1;

Fig. 9 is the top view of the angle adjustment mechanism 2 in Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is a front view of the angle adjustment mechanism 2 in Figure 8;

Fig. 11 is the exploded structure schematic diagram of the angle adjustment mechanism 2 in Fig. 8;

12 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the electromagnetic induction experimental device in FIG. 1;

Figure 13 is a front view of the electromagnetic induction experimental device in Figure 12;

Among them, 1. base; 101, support rod; 2, angle adjustment mechanism; 21, fixed plate; 211, scale line; 212, second threaded hole; 22, second connection block; 221, third through hole; The third fastening bolt; 24, the fourth fastening bolt; 25, the connecting plate; 251, the second mounting hole; 252, the strip through hole; 26, the limit rod; 3, the galvanometer; 4, the support plate; 41 5, the second through hole; 42, the second tightening bolt; 5, the swing mechanism; 51, the first tightening bolt; 52, the first connecting block; 521, the first through hole; 53, the connecting rod; 531, the first Threaded hole; 532, annular limit plate; 54, insulating pendulum rod; 541, first installation hole; 542, wire inlet hole; 543, wire outlet hole; 55, limit plate; 551, stud; 6, tape; 7 , copper coil; 8, the first magnet; 9, the second magnet; 10, the wire.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present application, and together with the embodiments of the present invention, are used to explain the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , an embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic induction experimental device, including: a base 1, a first magnet 8, a second magnet 9, a copper coil 7, a swing mechanism 5, an angle adjustment mechanism 2 and galvanometer 3;

The top of the base 1 is vertically provided with a support rod 101; the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9 are used to be placed on the base 1 at intervals and generate magnetic lines of induction;

The swing mechanism 5 is arranged on the support rod 101 for installing and swinging the copper coil 7, so that the copper coil 7 cuts the magnetic field line;

The angle adjustment mechanism 2 is arranged on the support rod 101 to limit the swing angle of the swing mechanism 5, thereby limiting the speed at which the copper coil 7 cuts the magnetic field lines;

The galvanometer 3 is electrically connected to the copper coil 7 through the wire 10; the zero-scale line 211 of the galvanometer 3 is in the middle of the dial; the direction of the induced current can be known by the deflection direction of the pointer; the induced current can be known by the deflection angle of the pointer the size of.

It should be noted that the number of the first magnets 8 and the second magnets 9 is multiple, which can be set according to the needs of the user; the specifications of the copper coil 7 can be set in various ways according to the number of turns.

Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the number of the first magnets 8 and the second magnets 9 is four respectively; the user can select the number of the first magnets 8 and the second magnets 9 according to the needs, so as to realize the adjustment of the magnetic field strength. Adjustment.

Exemplarily, in this embodiment, there are three specifications of the copper coil 7, and the number of turns is 100 turns, 150 turns and 200 turns, which can be selected according to the needs of the user to realize the adjustment of the number of turns of the copper coil 7. .

4 and 5, the swing mechanism 5 includes a first connecting block 52, a connecting rod 53, a limit plate 55 and an insulating swing rod 54;

The first connecting block 52 is provided with a first through hole 521 ; the first connecting block 52 is movably sleeved on the support rod 101 through the first through hole 521 ; the first connecting block 52 is provided with a first fastening bolt 51 for In order to fix the first connecting block 52 on the support rod 101; loosen the first fastening bolt 51 to adjust the position of the first connecting block 52 on the support rod 101, adjust the position of the first connecting block 52, and then tighten the The first fastening bolt 51 is sufficient;

One end of the connecting rod 53 is fixedly connected with the first connecting block 52, so that the connecting rod 53 is arranged in parallel with the base 1; the connecting rod 53 is provided with an annular limit plate 532;

One end of the insulating swing rod 54 is provided with a first mounting hole 541, and the other end is used for mounting the copper coil 7; the insulating swing rod 54 is rotatably mounted on the connecting rod 53 through the first mounting hole 541;

One side of the limit plate 55 is provided with a stud 551 ; the limit plate 55 cooperates with the first threaded hole 531 through the stud 551 and is detachably arranged on the connecting rod 53 ; the limit plate 55 cooperates with the annular limit plate 532 , used to limit the position of the insulating pendulum rod 54 on the connecting rod 53 ; the limit plate 55 is arranged opposite to the annular limit plate 532 .

6, in order to prevent the wire 10 from affecting the swing of the insulating swing rod 54, the insulating swing rod 54 is a hollow structure; the upper end of the insulating swing rod 54 is provided with a wire inlet hole 542, and the lower end is provided with a wire outlet hole 543; the wire 10 passes through the wire inlet hole 542 and the outlet hole 543 are penetrated in the insulating pendulum rod 54; the upper end of the wire 10 is drawn out from the wire inlet hole 542 and is electrically connected with the galvanometer 3; the lower end of the wire 10 is drawn out from the outlet hole 543 and is electrically connected with the copper coil 7 .

Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the material of the insulating pendulum rod 54 is plastic.

1 and 7, for the convenience of placing the galvanometer 3 in a position where the experimenter can easily observe, the electromagnetic induction experimental device also includes a support plate 4 for supporting the galvanometer 3; the support plate 4 is provided with a second The through hole 41 and the second tightening bolt 42; the support plate 4 is movably sleeved on the support rod 101 through the second through hole 41; the second tightening bolt 42 is used to fix the support plate 4 on the support rod 101; the support plate 4 is located above the swing mechanism 5 .

8 to 11, the angle adjustment mechanism 2 includes a fixed plate 21, a second connection block 22 and a connection plate 25;

The second connecting block 22 is provided with a third through hole 221 and a third tightening bolt 23; the second connecting block 22 is movably sleeved on the support rod 101 through the third through hole 221; the third tightening bolt 23 is used to The second connecting block 22 is fixed on the support rod 101; the second connecting block 22 is located below the first connecting block 52;

The fixing plate 21 is arranged on one side of the second connecting block 22; the fixing plate 21 is provided with a second threaded hole 212;

One end of the connecting plate 25 is provided with a second mounting hole 251, and the other end is vertically provided with a limit rod 26; the second mounting hole 251 and the second threaded hole 212 are provided with a fourth fastening bolt 24; the connecting plate 25 is installed through the second The hole 251 , the second threaded hole 212 cooperate with the fourth fastening bolt 24 and are arranged on one side of the fixing plate 21 , so that the limit rod 26 is arranged in parallel with the base 1 ; the limit rod 26 is used to limit the swing angle of the swing mechanism 5 When it is necessary to adjust the swing angle range of the insulating pendulum rod 54, loosen the fourth tightening bolt 24, rotate the connecting plate 25, adjust the angle between the connecting plate 25 and the vertical direction, and then tighten the fourth tightening bolt 24; , the user rotates the insulating pendulum rod 54 until it is attached to the limit rod 26 and then releases it. Under the action of gravity, the insulating pendulum rod 54 drives the copper coil 7 to swing, cutting the magnetic field line, which can ensure that each experiment is performed. , the swing angle of the insulating pendulum rod 54 is all within the range limited by the angle adjustment mechanism 2, so that the speed of the copper coil 7 cutting the magnetic field line is controlled within a certain range, thereby preventing the copper coil 7 from cutting the magnetic field line. If the speed is too fast, the deflection angle of the pointer of the galvanometer 3 is too large, which leads to the damage of the pointer of the galvanometer 3.

Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the first fastening bolts 51 , the second fastening bolts 42 , the third fastening bolts 23 and the fourth fastening bolts 24 are all knurled bolts.

Referring to FIG. 10 , a scale line 211 is provided on the fixing plate 21 to indicate the angle between the connecting plate 25 and the vertical direction; the connecting plate 25 is provided with a bar-shaped through hole 252 to facilitate the observation of the corresponding scale of the connecting plate 25 Line 211; when the scale line 211 is located in the middle of the bar-shaped through hole 252, it is considered that the corresponding angle value is the angle between the connecting plate 25 and the vertical direction; when the connecting plate 25 is in a vertical state, the 0 scale line is located at The middle position of the bar-shaped through hole 252; by setting the scale line 211, the influence on the induced current when the insulating swing rod 54 swings from different angles can be studied; since the insulating swing rod 54 drives the copper coil 7 to swing from different angles, the copper coil 7. The speed of cutting the magnetic field line is different, so that the change rate of the magnetic flux is different, and the relationship between the change rate of the magnetic flux and the induced current can be studied.

12 and 13, the experimental method using the electromagnetic induction experimental device in this embodiment includes the following steps:

S1, the copper coil 7 is fixed on the swing mechanism 5 through the adhesive tape 6, and is electrically connected to the galvanometer 3 through the wire 10;

S2, place the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9 on the base 1 at a relative interval, so that the magnetic field line can be cut when the swing mechanism 5 drives the copper coil 7 to swing;

S3. The copper coil 7 is driven to swing by the swing mechanism 5, so that the copper coil 7 cuts the magnetic field lines, and the deflection direction and deflection angle of the pointer of the galvanometer 3 are observed and recorded.

Specifically, in step S3, the user first adjusts the limited angle of the angle adjustment mechanism 2, and then rotates the insulating pendulum rod 54 to fit with the limiting rod 26 and then releases it. Under the action of gravity, the insulating pendulum rod 54 drives the The copper coil 7 swings to realize the cutting of the magnetic field line.

When demonstrating the factors that affect the direction of the induced current, four first magnets 8 and second magnets 9 are selected and placed on the base 1 at intervals, and a copper coil 7 with 100 turns is selected and fixed on the insulating pendulum rod 54 by tape 6 The lower end is electrically connected to the galvanometer 3 through the wire 10; the insulating pendulum rod 54 and the left side of the vertical direction form an included angle of 30 degrees and the right side respectively, and the insulation pendulum rod 54 and the copper coil 7 are released without initial velocity; Record the direction in which the copper coil 7 enters the magnetic field and the corresponding direction in which the pointer of the galvanometer 3 is deflected.

When demonstrating the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and the rate of change of the magnetic flux, keep the number of the first magnets 8 and the second magnets 9 unchanged, and the number of turns of the copper coil 7 unchanged. 15 degrees, 30 degrees and 45 degrees included angles, no initial velocity release the insulating pendulum rod 54 and the copper coil 7; record the angle between the copper coil 7 and the vertical direction and the corresponding induced current, and obtain the insulation pendulum rod 54 and the copper coil 7. The greater the included angle in the vertical direction, the greater the induced current, that is, the greater the rate of change of the magnetic flux, the greater the induced current.

When demonstrating the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and the magnetic field strength, keep the number of turns of the copper coil 7 and the angle between the insulating pendulum rod 54 and the vertical direction unchanged, and set the numbers of the first magnets 8 and the second magnets 9 as 2, 3 and 4, release the insulating pendulum rod 54 and the copper coil 7 without initial velocity; record the experimental results, it is concluded that the more the number of the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9, the greater the induced current, that is, the magnetic field strength The larger the value, the larger the induced current.

When demonstrating the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and the number of turns of the copper coil 7, keep the number of the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9 unchanged, and the angle between the insulating pendulum rod 54 and the vertical direction is unchanged; The number of turns is set to 100 turns, 150 turns and 200 turns, and the insulating pendulum rod 54 and the copper coil 7 are released without initial velocity; the experimental results are recorded, and it is concluded that the larger the number of turns of the copper coil 7, the greater the induced current.

The parts not covered above are applicable to the prior art.

In this document, the related terms such as front, rear, upper and lower are defined by the positions of the components in the drawings and the positions between the components, which are only for the clarity and convenience of expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of the locative words should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

The above-described embodiments and features of the embodiments herein may be combined with each other without conflict.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (7)

1. an electromagnetic induction experiment device, is characterized in that, comprises: base, the first magnet, the second magnet, copper coil, swing mechanism, angle adjustment mechanism and galvanometer; The top of the base is vertically arranged with a support rod; the first magnet and the second magnet are used to be placed on the base at intervals to generate magnetic lines of induction; The swing mechanism is arranged on the support rod, and is used for installing and swinging the copper coil, so that the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line; The angle adjustment mechanism is arranged on the support rod, and is used to limit the swing angle of the swing mechanism, so as to limit the speed at which the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line; The galvanometer is electrically connected to the copper coil through a wire. 2. The electromagnetic induction experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the swing mechanism comprises a first connecting block, a connecting rod, a limit plate and an insulating swing rod; The first connection block is provided with a first through hole; the first connection block is movably sleeved on the support rod through the first through hole; the first connection block is provided with a first fastening bolts for fixing the first connection block on the support rod; One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the first connecting block, so that the connecting rod is arranged in parallel with the base; an annular limit plate is provided on the connecting rod; the other end of the connecting rod is provided with a third a threaded hole; One end of the insulating swing rod is provided with a first installation hole, and the other end is used for installing the copper coil; the insulating swing rod is rotatably installed on the connecting rod through the first installation hole; One side of the limit plate is provided with a stud; the limit plate is matched with the first threaded hole through the stud, and is detachably arranged on the connecting rod; the limit plate is connected to the The annular limiting plate is matched to limit the position of the insulating swing rod on the connecting rod. 3. The electromagnetic induction experimental device according to claim 2, wherein the insulating pendulum rod is a hollow structure; the upper end of the insulating pendulum rod is provided with a wire inlet hole, and the lower end is provided with a wire outlet hole; the wire passes through The wire inlet hole and the wire outlet hole are penetrated in the insulating pendulum rod. 4 . The electromagnetic induction experiment device according to claim 1 , further comprising a support plate for supporting the galvanometer; the support plate is provided with a second through hole and a second fastening bolt; the The support plate is movably sleeved on the support rod through the second through hole; the second fastening bolt is used to fix the support plate on the support rod. 5. The electromagnetic induction experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the angle adjustment mechanism comprises a fixed plate, a second connection block and a connection plate; The second connecting block is provided with a third through hole and a third tightening bolt; the second connecting block is movably sleeved on the support rod through the third through hole; the third tightening bolt for fixing the second connection block on the support rod; the fixing plate is arranged on one side of the second connecting block; the fixing plate is arranged with a second threaded hole; One end of the connecting plate is provided with a second mounting hole, and the other end is vertically provided with a limit rod; a fourth fastening bolt is provided in the second mounting hole and the second threaded hole; the connecting plate passes through the The second mounting hole, the second threaded hole and the fourth tightening bolt cooperate and are arranged on one side of the fixing plate, so that the limit rod is arranged in parallel with the base; the limit rod is used to limit the The swing angle of the swing mechanism. 6 . The electromagnetic induction experiment device according to claim 5 , wherein a scale line is provided on the fixed plate to indicate the angle between the connecting plate and the vertical direction; the connecting plate is provided with The bar-shaped through holes are used to facilitate the observation of the scale lines corresponding to the connection boards. 7. a kind of experiment method that adopts the electromagnetic induction experiment device as described in any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1. Fix the copper coil on the swing mechanism through tape, and electrically connect it with the galvanometer through the wire; S2, placing the first magnet and the second magnet on the base at a relative interval, so that when the swing mechanism drives the copper coil to swing, the magnetic field line can be cut; S3. The copper coil is driven to swing by the swing mechanism, so that the copper coil cuts the magnetic field line, and the deflection direction and deflection angle of the pointer of the galvanometer are observed and recorded.

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