CN114915213B - Zooming thermoelectric power generation device and method - Google Patents
Zooming thermoelectric power generation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114915213B CN114915213B CN202210548517.9A CN202210548517A CN114915213B CN 114915213 B CN114915213 B CN 114915213B CN 202210548517 A CN202210548517 A CN 202210548517A CN 114915213 B CN114915213 B CN 114915213B
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Abstract
The invention provides a zooming thermoelectric power generation device and a method, wherein the zooming thermoelectric power generation device comprises a base, a radiator, a lifting device, a condensing lens, a thermoelectric power generation module, a circuit load and a multiplexer; the thermoelectric power generation module is arranged on the base through the radiator, and the condensing lens is arranged on the base through the lifting device and is arranged above the thermoelectric power generation module; the thermoelectric power generation module comprises a 1 st-Nth-level sub-module which are sequentially connected in series; the lifting device drives the condensing lens to move up and down, so that sunlight is focused and projected on the upper end face of the front n-level sub-module; the multiplexer is used for connecting the front n-level sub-modules with the circuit load to form a loop when sunlight is focused and projected on the upper end face of the front n-level sub-modules. The invention makes the thermoelectric power generation piece keep the optimal working temperature in real time by zooming and projecting the sunlight based on the working characteristics of the thermoelectric material, thereby improving the overall output power of the thermoelectric power generation device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermoelectric power generation, in particular to a zooming thermoelectric power generation device and method.
Background
The thermoelectric power generation device can directly convert a temperature difference into an electromotive force by utilizing the seebeck effect of a semiconductor. The solar energy heat recovery system has the characteristics of compact structure, no pollution and the like, and is gradually applied to the fields of solar power generation, wearable power supply, automobile exhaust waste heat recovery and the like. For a thermoelectric semiconductor material, thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) can be used to evaluate performance. The calculation formula of the thermoelectric figure of merit is as follows: ZT = S 2 T σ/λ, where: s, sigma and lambda are respectively the Seebeck coefficient, the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity of the thermoelectric material, and T is the absolute temperature. Therefore, the performance of the thermoelectric material can be improved by improving the Seebeck coefficient and the electric conductivity of the material and reducing the heat conductivity of the material. In addition, since the seebeck coefficient, the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric material change along with the change of the temperature, the thermoelectric figure of merit also changes along with the change of the working temperature, and the thermoelectric figure of merit and the working temperature are generally in an inverted U-shaped relationship; the thermoelectric material will have an optimum operating temperature range matched thereto.
On the other hand, the intensity of solar radiation is closely related to time and regions. Taking Dongguan city as an example, according to the research of radiation intensity characteristics and influence factors of Dongguan city published in No. 30 and No. 3 of the report of tropical meteorology in 2014 and the like, for the month change characteristics, the average value of the total solar radiation of each month in Dongguan city shows a unimodal change, and summer > autumn > spring > winter; for the diurnal variation profile, the solar irradiance begins to increase after sunrise and the total irradiance gradually decreases after 13. Because the hot end temperature is directly related to the sunlight intensity, the working condition of the thermoelectric material is optimally matched with the sunlight intensity: with the increase of the sunlight intensity, when the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation device after condensation exceeds the optimal working temperature, the condensation ratio is reduced, more thermoelectric materials are introduced to participate in power generation, and the output power is improved; conversely, when the hot side temperature of the concentrated thermoelectric generation device is lower than the optimal working temperature, it is more effective to maintain a high concentration ratio. However, the conventional thermoelectric power generation device does not dynamically adjust the working conditions according to the characteristics of the thermoelectric material, and the efficient utilization of the thermoelectric material is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a variable-focus thermoelectric power generation device and method that can maintain a thermoelectric power generation element at an optimum operating temperature in real time by projecting sunlight in a variable focus manner based on the operating characteristics of a thermoelectric material, thereby improving the overall output power of the thermoelectric power generation device.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a zooming thermoelectric power generation device comprises a base, a radiator, a lifting device, a condensing lens, a thermoelectric power generation module, a circuit load and a multiplexer;
the thermoelectric power generation module is arranged on the base through the radiator, and the condensing lens is arranged on the base through the lifting device and is arranged above the thermoelectric power generation module; the circuit load and the multiplexer are electrically connected with the thermoelectric power generation module;
the thermoelectric power generation module comprises a plurality of thermoelectric power generation sheets which are sequentially connected in series, one end surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation sheets are arranged upwards, and the other end surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation sheets are arranged downwards; the radiator is closely contacted with the lower end surface of each thermoelectric power generation sheet in the thermoelectric power generation module to form a cold end; the condensing lens focuses sunlight and projects the sunlight on the upper end face of each thermoelectric power generation sheet in the thermoelectric power generation module to form a hot end;
the thermoelectric power generation module comprises a level 1 sub-module to a level N sub-module which are sequentially connected in series end to end, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and each level of sub-module respectively comprises a plurality of thermoelectric power generation sheets which are sequentially connected in series; the thermoelectric power generation pieces in the 1 st-level sub-module are arranged in an array, and the geometric center of the 1 st-level sub-module is positioned on the axis of the condensing lens; thermoelectric power generation pieces in the sub-modules from the 2 nd level to the Nth level are uniformly distributed around the sub-module from the 1 st level in a surrounding manner, and are surrounded into N-1 circles step by step from inside to outside, each sub-module is in a circle, and a multi-level concentric surrounding distribution structure taking the sub-module from the 1 st level as the center is formed;
the lifting device drives the condensing lens to move up and down above the thermoelectric power generation module so as to adjust a focusing projection area of sunlight on the upper end face of the thermoelectric power generation module, so that the sunlight is focused and projected on the upper end face of the front N-level sub-module, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the multiplexer is provided with N input ends and 1 output end, each input end of the multiplexer is respectively connected with the tail ends of the 1 st-stage submodules to the Nth-stage submodules, and the output end of the multiplexer is connected to the head end of the 1 st-stage submodule through a circuit load; the multiplexer is used for connecting the thermoelectric generation piece of the front N-level sub-module with a circuit load to form a loop when sunlight is focused and projected on the upper end face of the front N-level sub-module, and disconnecting the rest of the last N-N-level sub-modules from the loop.
Further, the device also comprises a temperature sensor and a circuit controller; the temperature sensor is connected with the circuit controller, and the circuit controller is connected with the control end of the multiplexer and connected with the driving circuit of the lifting device;
the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the upper end face of the thermoelectric power generation module;
the circuit controller is used for enabling the nth-level sub-module to enter a working state or exit the working state according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor;
the process of making the nth level sub-module enter the working state is as follows: the circuit controller controls the lifting device to move so as to improve the height position of the condensing lens, so that the focusing projection area of sunlight only covers the hot end of the front n-stage sub-module; simultaneously controlling a multi-path selector to switch lines, and connecting the nth-stage sub-module into a power supply loop of the circuit load in series; at the moment, the thermoelectric power generation sheet of the front N-level sub-module positioned in the sunlight focusing projection area is connected with the circuit load to form a loop, and the last N-N-level sub-module positioned outside the sunlight focusing projection area is disconnected from the loop;
the process of enabling the nth level sub-module to exit the working state is as follows: the circuit controller controls the lifting device to move so as to reduce the height position of the condensing lens, so that the focusing projection area of sunlight only covers the hot end of the front n-1-level sub-module; simultaneously controlling a multiplexer to switch lines, and disconnecting the nth-stage submodule from a power supply loop of the circuit load; at the moment, the thermoelectric power generation sheet of the first N-1 level sub-module positioned in the sunlight focusing projection area is connected with the circuit load to form a loop, and the last N-N +1 level sub-module positioned outside the sunlight focusing projection area is disconnected from the loop.
Further, in the process of increasing the solar illumination intensity, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation module exceeds a set threshold value, the circuit controller enables more sub-modules to enter a working state.
Further, in the process of the reduction of the solar illumination intensity, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation module is lower than a set threshold value, the circuit controller enables more sub-modules to exit the working state.
Furthermore, the upper end surfaces of all levels of sub-modules in the thermoelectric power generation module are respectively coated with heat absorption coatings, and the heat absorption coatings on the upper end surfaces of all levels of sub-modules are independent and do not contact with each other.
Furthermore, the lifting device comprises an active lifting component and a passive lifting component, the condensing lens is fixed at the upper ends of the active lifting component and the passive lifting component, and the lower ends of the active lifting component and the passive lifting component are fixedly connected to the base.
Further, the driving lifting assembly comprises a motor and an electric push rod which are connected with each other, the driven lifting assembly is a follow-up telescopic rod, and the driving lifting assembly and the driven lifting assembly are respectively arranged on two sides of the diameter direction of the condensing lens.
Further, the temperature sensor is a thermocouple or an infrared temperature tester.
Further, the temperature sensor is arranged towards the level 1 submodule or is connected with the level 1 submodule.
A method of zooming thermoelectric generation using the zooming thermoelectric generation device described above, comprising:
s1, measuring power generation performance parameters of a previous n-level submodule during working: traversing N from 1 through N, repeating the steps of: enabling the nth-level sub-module to enter a working state, and recording the maximum output power of the previous n-level sub-module and the hot end temperature of the previous n-level sub-module when the maximum output power is reached;
s2, fitting a power generation performance curve of the previous n-level sub-module during working: traversing N from 1 to N, repeating the steps of: fitting an illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the relation between the illumination intensity and the maximum output power recorded under the working state of the previous n-level sub-modules, and fitting a hot end temperature value at each coordinate point on the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the recorded hot end temperature;
s3, critical temperature judgment: traversing N from 2 through N, repeating the steps of: comparing the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curves of the previous n-1 level sub-module and the previous n level sub-module, wherein the hot end temperature value calibrated at the intersection point of the two function curves is the critical temperature for switching the working state of the nth level sub-module;
the hot end temperature calibrated on the function curve of the front n-1 level sub-module by the intersection point is the critical temperature A for enabling the nth level sub-module to enter the working state in the process of increasing the illumination intensity n (ii) a The hot end temperature calibrated on the function curve of the previous n-level sub-module by the intersection point is the critical temperature B for enabling the nth-level sub-module to exit the working state in the process of illumination intensity reduction n ；
S4, information storage: recording the critical temperature information obtained in the step S3 in a circuit controller;
s5, dynamically adjusting the working state: the zooming thermoelectric power generation device is placed under the sunlight to work, and only the 1 st-level sub-module is in a working state under an initial state; monitoring the temperature change of the hot end in real time through a temperature sensor, and switching the working state of the nth-level sub-module according to the following method, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N:
when the sub-module at the n-1 level is in the working state, the temperature of the hot end rises to exceed the critical temperature A n When the sub-module is in the working state, the nth level sub-module is enabled to enter the working state;
when the nth-stage sub-module is in working state, the temperature of the hot end is reduced to be lower than the critical temperature B n And enabling the nth level sub-module to exit the working state.
According to the zooming thermoelectric power generation device and method, based on the working characteristics of thermoelectric materials, the sunlight is subjected to zooming projection, so that the thermoelectric power generation piece is kept at the optimal working temperature in real time, and the overall output power of the thermoelectric power generation device is improved. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the solar energy utilization efficiency and the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation device can be improved. By dynamically adjusting the illumination area, the number of thermoelectric power generation pieces participating in power generation and the circuit structure in a zooming manner, the temperature of the hot end of the material is changed in time, so that as many thermoelectric materials as possible are in a high-efficiency working temperature range, and the performance loss caused by exceeding the optimal working temperature is avoided.
2. The hot end temperature is avoided being overhigh, and the situations of overlarge radiation heat loss and burning-out of the thermoelectric device are prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable-focus thermoelectric power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a variable focus thermoelectric power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing physical properties of a thermoelectric power generation element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curves in two different operating states according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating the performance improvement comparison between a variable focus thermoelectric generation device and a fixed focus thermoelectric generation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable-focus thermoelectric power generation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a variable-focus thermoelectric generation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the zoom thermoelectric power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a base 12, a heat sink 11, a lifting device, a condensing lens 6, a thermoelectric power generation module, a circuit load 2, a multiplexer 4, a temperature sensor 1, and a circuit controller 3.
Specifically, the thermoelectric power generation module is mounted on a base 12 through a heat sink 11, and the condensing lens 6 is mounted on the base 12 through a lifting device and is disposed above the thermoelectric power generation module; the circuit load 2 and the multiplexer 4 are electrically connected with the thermoelectric power generation module.
The thermoelectric power generation module comprises a plurality of thermoelectric power generation sheets (also called thermoelectric power generation sheets) which are sequentially connected in series, wherein one end of each thermoelectric power generation sheet is arranged upwards, and the other end of each thermoelectric power generation sheet is arranged downwards; the heat sink 11 is in close contact with the lower end surface of each thermoelectric power generation sheet in the thermoelectric power generation module, so that the thermoelectric power generation sheet becomes a cold end. Preferably, the heat sink 11 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity such as copper, aluminum, and the like, and transfers the heat of the lower end surface of the thermoelectric power generation module to the environment in a natural convection heat dissipation manner. The heat dissipation form of natural convection can avoid extra pump work consumption caused by forced convection heat exchange.
The condensing lens 6 focuses sunlight and projects the sunlight onto the upper end surface of each thermoelectric power generation sheet in the thermoelectric power generation module, so that the sunlight becomes a hot end. Preferably, the upper end face of the thermoelectric generation module is coated with a heat absorbing coating 7; specifically, the upper end surfaces of all levels of sub-modules in the thermoelectric power generation module are respectively coated with heat-absorbing coatings 7, and the heat-absorbing coatings 7 on the upper end surfaces of all levels of sub-modules are independent and do not contact each other. The purpose of mutually independently disconnecting the heat-absorbing coatings 7 of all levels of sub-modules is to avoid heat transfer between the hot ends of all levels of sub-modules, so that the hot end temperatures of all levels of sub-modules tend to be consistent. The heat absorption coating 7 is made of a material with high radiation absorption ratio and high thermal conductivity coefficient, such as graphene, and can transmit heat generated by receiving light gathering radiation to the upper end face of the thermoelectric power generation module in a heat conduction mode. By adopting the material, the temperature loss caused by sunlight reflection can be reduced, and the temperature distribution of the hot end on a single submodule can be uniform.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the thermoelectric power generation module includes a level 1 sub-module 8 and a level 2 sub-module 9 connected in series end to end in sequence, and each level of sub-module includes a plurality of thermoelectric power generation sheets connected in series in sequence. Specifically, the level 1 sub-module 8 is composed of 9 thermoelectric generation pieces TE1 to TE9 connected in series in sequence, and the level 2 sub-module 9 is composed of 16 thermoelectric generation pieces TE10 to TE25 connected in series in sequence.
Wherein, each thermoelectric power generation piece in the 1 st-level sub-module 8 is arranged in an array, and the geometric center of the 1 st-level sub-module 8 is positioned on the axis of the condensing lens 6; the thermoelectric power generation pieces in the level 2 sub-module 9 are uniformly distributed around the level 1 sub-module 8 and form a circle to form a surrounding distribution structure taking the level 1 sub-module 8 as the center.
Preferably, the thermoelectric semiconductors in the thermoelectric power generation sheet are p-type bismuth telluride and n-type bismuth telluride, which have lower cost and higher medium-low temperature power generation performance, and the change of the seebeck coefficient, the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of the thermoelectric power generation sheet with the temperature is shown in fig. 3.
The lifting device comprises an active lifting component 5 and a passive lifting component 10, the condensing lens 6 is fixed at the upper ends of the active lifting component 5 and the passive lifting component 10, and the lower ends of the active lifting component 5 and the passive lifting component 10 are fixedly connected to a base 12. In this embodiment, the driving lifting assembly 5 includes a motor and an electric push rod connected to each other, the driven lifting assembly 10 is a follow-up telescopic rod, and the driving lifting assembly 5 and the driven lifting assembly 10 are respectively disposed at two sides of the condenser lens 6 in the diameter direction.
The lifting device drives the condensing lens 6 to move up and down above the thermoelectric power generation module so as to adjust a focusing projection area of sunlight on the upper end surface of the thermoelectric power generation module, so that the sunlight is focused and projected on the level 1 sub-module 8 or the level 1 sub-module 8 and the level 2 sub-module 9 at the same time. Wherein, the upper end surface of the thermoelectric generation module and the condensing lens 6 are arranged in parallel. The condensing lens 6 is a fresnel condenser lens which is focused on the upper surface of the level 1 sub-module 8 before sunrise, and the condensing ratio is 100.
The multiplexer 4 has 2 input terminals and 1 output terminal, the 2 input terminals b and a of the multiplexer 4 are respectively connected with the tail ends of the level 1 sub-module 8 and the level 2 sub-module 9, and the output terminal of the multiplexer 4 is connected to the head end of the level 1 sub-module 8 (i.e. the end far away from the level 2 sub-module 9) through the circuit load 2. The multiplexer 4 is used for connecting the sub-modules which are focused and projected by sunlight with the circuit load 2 to form a loop, and disconnecting the sub-modules which are not focused and projected by the sunlight from the loop.
Further, the temperature sensor 1 is connected with the circuit controller 3, and the circuit controller 3 is connected with the control end of the multiplexer 4 and is connected with the driving circuit of the lifting device. The circuit controller 3 controls the height position of the condensing lens 6 by controlling the number of turns of the motor in the active lifting assembly 5.
The temperature sensor 1 is used for detecting the temperature of the upper end face of the thermoelectric power generation module. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 1 is a thermocouple or an infrared temperature tester. Since the level 1 sub-module 8 is always located in the focal projection area of the condenser lens 6 no matter in which operating state, the hot end temperature of the level 1 sub-module 8 can be taken as a representative for measuring the overall temperature of all sub-modules in the operating state; in the present exemplary embodiment, the temperature sensor 1 is therefore arranged toward the level 1 submodule 8 or is connected to the level 1 submodule 8.
The circuit controller 3 is configured to enable the level 2 sub-module 9 to enter a working state or exit the working state according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 1.
The process of making the level 2 sub-module 9 enter the working state is as follows: the circuit controller 3 controls the lifting device to move so as to improve the height position of the condensing lens 6, so that the focusing projection area of sunlight only covers the hot ends of the 1 st-level sub-module 8 and the 2 nd-level sub-module 9; simultaneously controlling the multiplexer 4 to switch the circuit, switching the circuit switch of the multiplexer 4 at a position a, and connecting the 2 nd-level sub-module 9 in series into the power supply loop of the circuit load 2; at the moment, the thermoelectric power generation sheets of the level 1 sub-module 8 and the level 2 sub-module 9 which are positioned in the sunlight focusing projection area are connected with the circuit load 2 together to form a loop so as to supply power together;
the process of causing the level 2 submodule 9 to exit the active state is: the circuit controller 3 controls the lifting device to move so as to reduce the height position of the condensing lens 6, so that the focusing projection area of sunlight only covers the hot end of the 1 st-level sub-module 8; simultaneously controlling the multiplexer 4 to switch the line, switching a circuit switch of the multiplexer 4 at a position b, and disconnecting the level 2 sub-module 9 from a power supply loop of the circuit load 2; at this time, the thermoelectric power generation chip of the level 1 sub-module 8 located in the sunlight focus projection area is connected with the circuit load 2 to form a loop to supply power alone, and the level 2 sub-module 9 located outside the sunlight focus projection area is disconnected from the loop.
Specifically, when the temperature sensor 1 detects that the hot-side temperature of the thermoelectric power generation module exceeds a set threshold value during the increase of the solar illumination intensity, the circuit controller 3 brings more sub-modules into an operating state. In the process of reducing the solar illumination intensity, when the temperature sensor 1 detects that the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation module is lower than a set threshold value, the circuit controller 3 enables more sub-modules to exit the working state.
The method for carrying out zooming thermoelectric power generation by the zooming thermoelectric power generation device in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring power generation performance parameters of a previous n-level submodule during working: traversing N from 1 through N, repeating the steps of: and enabling the nth-level sub-module to enter a working state, and recording the maximum output power of the previous nth-level sub-module and the temperature of the hot end of the previous nth-level sub-module when the maximum output power is reached under different illumination intensities.
The S1 specifically comprises:
s101, enabling the level 1 sub-module 8 to enter a working state, and recording the maximum output power of the level 1 sub-module 8 and the temperature of the hot end of the level 1 sub-module 8 when the maximum output power is reached under different illumination intensities;
s102, enabling the level 2 sub-module 9 to enter a working state, recording the maximum output power of the level 1 sub-module 8 and the level 2 sub-module 9 under different illumination intensities, and the hot end temperature of the level 1 sub-module 8 and the level 2 sub-module 9 when the maximum output power is reached;
s2, fitting a power generation performance curve of the previous n-level sub-module during working: traversing N from 1 to N, repeating the steps of: and fitting an illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the relation between the illumination intensity and the maximum output power recorded under the working state of the previous n-level sub-modules, and fitting a hot end temperature value at each coordinate point on the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the recorded hot end temperature.
The S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, fitting an illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the relation between the illumination intensity and the maximum output power recorded under the independent working state of the level 1 sub-module 8, and fitting a hot end temperature value at each coordinate point on the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the recorded hot end temperature;
s202, fitting an illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the relationship between the illumination intensity and the maximum output power recorded under the common working state of the level 1 sub-module 8 and the level 2 sub-module 9, and fitting a hot end temperature value at each coordinate point on the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the recorded hot end temperature.
S3, critical temperature judgment: comparing the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve of the 1 st-level sub-module 8 in the independent working state with the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve of the 1 st-level and 2 nd-level sub-modules in the common working state, wherein the hot end temperature value calibrated at the intersection point of the two function curves is the critical temperature for switching the working state of the 2 nd-level sub-module 9;
wherein, the hot end temperature calibrated on the function curve of the intersection point under the independent working state of the level 1 sub-module 8 is the critical temperature A for enabling the level 2 sub-module 9 to enter the working state in the process of increasing the illumination intensity 2 (ii) a The hot end temperature calibrated on the function curve of the intersection point under the common working state of the sub-modules of the 1 st and 2 nd levels is the critical temperature B for leading the sub-module 9 of the 2 nd level to exit the working state in the process of reducing the illumination intensity 2 ；
As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen from the comparison of the fitted function curves that the illumination intensity is greater than 570W/m 2 Then, the maximum output power of the level 1 and level 2 sub-modules in the common working state is greater than the maximum output power of the level 1 sub-module 8 in the independent working state. Therefore, the hot end temperature corresponding to the intersection point of the function curves is the critical temperature required to adjust the condenser lens 6 and the multiplexer 4, i.e. the critical hot end temperature 634.76K (a) of the level 1 sub-module 8 in the independent working state 2 ) And level 1, 2 sub-modulesCritical hot end temperature of 464.34K (B) under common working condition 2 )。
S4, information storage: recording the critical temperature information obtained in the step S3 in the circuit controller 3;
s5, dynamically adjusting the working state: the zooming thermoelectric power generation device is placed under the sunlight to work, and in an initial state, only the 1 st-level sub-module 8 is in a working state; the temperature sensor 1 is used for monitoring the temperature change of the hot end in real time, and the working state of the 2 nd-level submodule 9 is switched according to the following method:
when level 1 sub-module 8 is in operation, the hot end temperature rises to over the critical temperature 634.76K (a) 2 ) When the current is detected, the level 2 sub-module 9 enters a working state;
when the level 2 sub-module 9 is in working state, the hot end temperature is reduced to be lower than the critical temperature 464.34K (B) 2 ) And then the level 2 submodule 9 is taken out of the working state.
As shown in fig. 5, compared with the fixed-focus thermoelectric power generation device in which the level-1 sub-module 8 continuously supplies power or the level-1 and level-2 sub-modules continuously supply power, the power generation performance of the zoom-type power supply method adopted by the zoom-type thermoelectric power generation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention can be improved by 57.5% and 30.9% at maximum respectively.
Example two
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the main difference of the embodiment of the present invention is that a level 3 sub-module 92 is added to the thermoelectric power generation module, compared to the first embodiment.
Specifically, the thermoelectric power generation module comprises a level 1 sub-module 8, a level 2 sub-module 91 and a level 3 sub-module 92 which are sequentially connected in series end to end, and each level of sub-module comprises a plurality of thermoelectric power generation pieces which are sequentially connected in series. Specifically, the level 1 sub-module 8 is composed of 1 thermoelectric generation piece TE5, the level 2 sub-module 91 is composed of 8 thermoelectric generation pieces TE1 to TE4 and TE6 to TE9 connected in series in sequence, and the level 3 sub-module 92 is composed of 16 thermoelectric generation pieces TE10 to TE25 connected in series in sequence.
Wherein, the thermoelectric generation sheet in the level 1 sub-module 8 is positioned at the center, and the geometric center thereof is positioned on the axis of the condensing lens 6; thermoelectric power generation pieces in the 2 nd-level sub-module 91 and the 3 rd-level sub-module 92 are uniformly distributed around the 1 st-level sub-module 8 in a surrounding manner, and are gradually surrounded into 2 circles from inside to outside, each sub-module is in a circle, and a multi-stage concentric surrounding distribution structure taking the 1 st-level sub-module 8 as the center is formed.
The lifting device drives the condensing lens 6 to move up and down above the thermoelectric power generation module so as to adjust a focusing projection area of sunlight on the upper end face of the thermoelectric power generation module, so that the sunlight is focused and projected on the upper end face of the front n-level sub-module, wherein n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
The multiplexer 4 has 3 input ends and 1 output end, the 3 input ends a, c, b of the multiplexer 4 are respectively connected with the tail ends of the 1 st-3 rd sub-modules 8, 91, 92, and the output end of the multiplexer 4 is connected to the head end of the 1 st sub-module 8 through the circuit load 2. The multiplexer 4 is used for connecting the thermoelectric generation sheet of the previous n-level sub-module on which sunlight is focused and projected with the circuit load 2 to form a loop when the sunlight is focused and projected on the upper end surface of the previous n-level sub-module, and disconnecting the rest last 3-n-level sub-modules on which the sunlight is not focused and projected from the loop.
The circuit controller 3 is used for enabling the nth-level sub-module to enter a working state or exit the working state according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 1;
the process of enabling the nth-level sub-module to enter the working state is as follows: the circuit controller 3 controls the lifting device to move so as to improve the height position of the condensing lens 6, so that the focusing projection area of sunlight only covers the hot end of the front n-stage sub-module; meanwhile, the multiplexer 4 is controlled to carry out line switching, and the nth-stage sub-module is connected in series into a power supply loop of the circuit load 2; at the moment, the thermoelectric power generation sheet of the front n-level sub-module positioned in the sunlight focusing projection area is connected with the circuit load 2 to form a loop, and the last 3-n-level sub-module positioned outside the sunlight focusing projection area is disconnected from the loop;
the process of enabling the nth level sub-module to exit the working state is as follows: the circuit controller 3 controls the lifting device to move so as to reduce the height position of the condensing lens 6, so that the focusing projection area of sunlight only covers the hot end of the front n-1 level sub-module; meanwhile, the multiplexer 4 is controlled to switch the line, and the nth level sub-module is disconnected from the power supply loop of the circuit load 2; at the moment, the thermoelectric power generation sheet of the front n-1 level sub-module positioned in the sunlight focusing projection area is connected with the circuit load 2 to form a loop, and the last 4-n level sub-module positioned outside the sunlight focusing projection area is disconnected from the loop.
Specifically, when the temperature sensor 1 detects that the hot-side temperature of the thermoelectric power generation module exceeds a set threshold value during the increase of the solar illumination intensity, the circuit controller 3 brings more sub-modules into an operating state. In the process of reducing the solar illumination intensity, when the temperature sensor 1 detects that the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation module is lower than a set threshold value, the circuit controller 3 enables more sub-modules to exit the working state.
The method for carrying out zooming thermoelectric power generation by the zooming thermoelectric power generation device in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring power generation performance parameters of the previous n-level sub-modules during working: traversing N from 1 to N, repeating the steps of: enabling the nth-level sub-module to enter a working state, and recording the maximum output power of the previous n-level sub-module and the hot end temperature of the previous n-level sub-module when the maximum output power is reached;
s2, fitting a power generation performance curve of the previous n-level sub-module during working: traversing N from 1 to N, repeating the steps of: fitting an illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the relation between the illumination intensity and the maximum output power recorded under the working state of the previous n-level sub-modules, and fitting a hot end temperature value at each coordinate point on the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the recorded hot end temperature;
s3, critical temperature judgment: traversing N from 2 through N, repeating the steps of: comparing the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curves of the previous n-1 level sub-module and the previous n level sub-module, wherein the hot end temperature value calibrated at the intersection point of the two function curves is the critical temperature for switching the working state of the nth level sub-module;
wherein the hot end temperature calibrated on the function curve of the front n-1 level sub-module by the intersection point is the illumination intensityIn the temperature rising process, the critical temperature A of the nth-stage sub-module is enabled to enter the working state n (ii) a The hot end temperature calibrated on the function curve of the previous n-level sub-module by the intersection point is the critical temperature B for enabling the nth-level sub-module to exit the working state in the process of illumination intensity reduction n ；
S4, information storage: recording the critical temperature information obtained in the step S3 in the circuit controller 3;
s5, dynamically adjusting the working state: the zooming thermoelectric power generation device is placed under the sunlight to work, and only the 1 st-level sub-module 8 is in a working state in an initial state; monitoring the temperature change of the hot end in real time through a temperature sensor 1, and switching the working state of the nth-level submodule according to the following method, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N:
when the n-1 level sub-module is in working state, the temperature of the hot end rises to exceed the critical temperature A n When the sub-module is in the working state, the nth level sub-module is enabled to enter the working state;
when the nth-stage sub-module is in working state, the temperature of the hot end is reduced to be lower than the critical temperature B n And enabling the nth level sub-module to exit the working state.
According to the simulation result of the simulation software, the illumination intensity is 100W/m 2 Under the working condition of (2), the maximum output power of the second embodiment can be further improved by 17 percent than that of the first embodiment.
In the first and second embodiments, the thermoelectric generation modules have 2-level submodules and 3-level submodules, respectively. It should be noted that, in the invention, more stages of sub-modules may be further disposed in the thermoelectric power generation module to meet the requirement of higher-precision dynamic condition adjustment and achieve a higher energy efficiency improvement effect.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A zooming thermoelectric power generation device is characterized by comprising a base, a radiator, a lifting device, a condensing lens, a thermoelectric power generation module, a circuit load and a multiplexer;
the thermoelectric power generation module is arranged on the base through the radiator, and the condensing lens is arranged on the base through the lifting device and is arranged above the thermoelectric power generation module; the circuit load and the multiplexer are electrically connected with the thermoelectric power generation module;
the thermoelectric power generation module comprises a plurality of thermoelectric power generation sheets which are sequentially connected in series, one end surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation sheets are arranged upwards, and the other end surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation sheets are arranged downwards; the radiator is closely contacted with the lower end surface of each thermoelectric power generation sheet in the thermoelectric power generation module to form a cold end; the condensing lens focuses sunlight and projects the sunlight on the upper end face of each thermoelectric power generation sheet in the thermoelectric power generation module to enable the sunlight to become a hot end;
the thermoelectric power generation module comprises a level 1 sub-module to a level N sub-module which are sequentially connected in series end to end, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and each level of sub-module respectively comprises a plurality of thermoelectric power generation sheets which are sequentially connected in series; the thermoelectric power generation pieces in the 1 st-level sub-module are arranged in an array, and the geometric center of the 1 st-level sub-module is positioned on the axis of the condensing lens; thermoelectric power generation pieces in the sub-modules from the 2 nd level to the Nth level are uniformly distributed around the sub-module from the 1 st level in a surrounding manner, and are surrounded into N-1 circles step by step from inside to outside, each sub-module is in a circle, and a multi-level concentric surrounding distribution structure taking the sub-module from the 1 st level as the center is formed;
the lifting device drives the condensing lens to move up and down above the thermoelectric power generation module so as to adjust a focusing projection area of sunlight on the upper end face of the thermoelectric power generation module, so that the sunlight is focused and projected on the upper end face of the front N-level sub-module, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the multiplexer is provided with N input ends and 1 output end, each input end of the multiplexer is respectively connected with the tail ends of the 1 st-level sub-module to the Nth-level sub-module, and the output end of the multiplexer is connected to the head end of the 1 st-level sub-module through a circuit load; the multiplexer is used for connecting the thermoelectric generation piece of the front N-level sub-module with the circuit load to form a loop when sunlight is focused and projected on the upper end face of the front N-level sub-module, and disconnecting the rest of the last N-N-level sub-modules from the loop;
the device also comprises a temperature sensor and a circuit controller; the temperature sensor is connected with the circuit controller, and the circuit controller is connected with the control end of the multiplexer and connected with the driving circuit of the lifting device;
the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the upper end face of the thermoelectric power generation module;
the circuit controller is used for enabling the nth-level sub-module to enter a working state or exit the working state according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor;
the process of making the nth level sub-module enter the working state is as follows: the circuit controller controls the lifting device to move so as to improve the height position of the condensing lens, so that the focusing projection area of sunlight only covers the hot end of the front n-stage sub-module; simultaneously controlling a multi-path selector to switch lines, and connecting the nth-stage sub-module into a power supply loop of the circuit load in series; at the moment, the thermoelectric power generation sheet of the front N-level sub-module positioned in the sunlight focusing projection area is connected with the circuit load to form a loop, and the last N-N-level sub-module positioned outside the sunlight focusing projection area is disconnected from the loop;
the process of enabling the nth level sub-module to exit the working state is as follows: the circuit controller controls the lifting device to move so as to reduce the height position of the condensing lens, so that the focusing projection area of sunlight only covers the hot end of the front n-1-level sub-module; simultaneously controlling a multiplexer to switch lines, and disconnecting the nth-stage submodule from a power supply loop of the circuit load; at the moment, the thermoelectric power generation sheet of the front N-1 level sub-module positioned in the sunlight focusing projection area is connected with the circuit load to form a loop, and the last N-N +1 level sub-module positioned outside the sunlight focusing projection area is disconnected from the loop;
in the process of increasing the solar illumination intensity, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation module exceeds a set threshold value, the circuit controller enables more sub-modules to enter a working state;
in the process of reducing the solar illumination intensity, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation module is lower than a set threshold value, the circuit controller enables more sub-modules to exit the working state.
2. The variable focus thermoelectric power generation device of claim 1, wherein the upper end surfaces of each of the stages of the thermoelectric power generation modules are coated with heat absorbing coatings, and the heat absorbing coatings on the upper end surfaces of each of the stages of the thermoelectric power generation modules are independent of each other and do not contact each other.
3. The variable focus thermoelectric power generation device of claim 1, wherein the elevating device comprises an active elevating assembly and a passive elevating assembly, the condensing lens is fixed to upper ends of the active elevating assembly and the passive elevating assembly, and lower ends of the active elevating assembly and the passive elevating assembly are fixedly connected to the base.
4. The variable focus thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 3, wherein the active lifting assembly comprises a motor and an electric push rod which are connected with each other, the passive lifting assembly is a follow-up telescopic rod, and the active lifting assembly and the passive lifting assembly are respectively arranged on two sides of the diameter direction of the condensing lens.
5. The variable focus thermoelectric generation device of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is a thermocouple or an infrared temperature tester.
6. The variable focus thermoelectric power generation device of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is located toward or connected to a level 1 sub-module.
7. A method of variable focus thermoelectric power generation using the variable focus thermoelectric power generation device of any of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
s1, measuring power generation performance parameters of the previous n-level sub-modules during working: traversing N from 1 through N, repeating the steps of: enabling the nth-level sub-module to enter a working state, and recording the maximum output power of the previous n-level sub-module and the hot end temperature of the previous n-level sub-module when the maximum output power is reached;
s2, fitting a power generation performance curve of the previous n-level sub-module during working: traversing N from 1 through N, repeating the steps of: fitting an illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the relation between the illumination intensity and the maximum output power recorded under the working state of the previous n-level sub-module, and fitting a hot end temperature value at each coordinate point on the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curve according to the recorded hot end temperature;
s3, critical temperature judgment: traversing N from 2 through N, repeating the steps of: comparing the illumination intensity-maximum output power function curves of the previous n-1 level sub-module and the previous n level sub-module, wherein the hot end temperature value calibrated at the intersection point of the two function curves is the critical temperature for switching the working state of the nth level sub-module;
the hot end temperature calibrated on the function curve of the front n-1 level sub-module by the intersection point is the critical temperature A for enabling the nth level sub-module to enter the working state in the process of increasing the illumination intensity n (ii) a The hot end temperature calibrated on the function curve of the previous n-level sub-module by the intersection point is the critical temperature B for enabling the nth-level sub-module to exit the working state in the process of illumination intensity reduction n ；
S4, information storage: recording the critical temperature information obtained in the step S3 in a circuit controller;
s5, dynamically adjusting the working state: the zooming thermoelectric power generation device is placed under the sunlight to work, and only the 1 st-level sub-module is in a working state in an initial state; monitoring the temperature change of the hot end in real time through a temperature sensor, and switching the working state of the nth-level submodule according to the following method, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N:
when the n-1 level sub-module is in working state, the temperature of the hot end rises to exceed the critical temperature A n When the sub-module is in the working state, the nth level sub-module is enabled to enter the working state;
when the nth level sub-module is in working state, the hot end is at temperatureThe temperature drops below the critical temperature B n And enabling the nth-level sub-module to exit the working state.
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