CN114902902A - Method for ecologically preventing and controlling canker of kiwi fruits in park - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for trapping and killing bark beetles to ecologically control kiwifruit canker in a garden, which is used for trapping and killing bark beetles in or/and around the garden of kiwifruit so as to control the kiwifruit canker caused by the bark beetles. The invention does not go through the existing old roads of tree digging and destroying, garden cleaning and disinfection, seed changing and replanting and blind pesticide spraying, but eliminates bark beetles to achieve the purpose of preventing kiwifruit canker.

Description

Method for ecologically preventing and controlling canker of kiwi fruits in park

The application is a divisional application with application date of 11/09/2017, application number of 201710810957.6 and invention name of 'a method for trapping and killing bark beetles to ecologically control kiwifruit canker in garden'.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of kiwi fruit planting, and particularly relates to a method for ecologically preventing and controlling canker of kiwi fruits in a garden.

Background

The knowledge of kiwifruit canker is based on the knowledge of bacterial diseases. The relevant documents about kiwifruit canker at home and abroad are basically described as follows: kiwifruit canker is a devastating bacterial disease that seriously threatens kiwifruit production; after the ulcer disease occurs, the disease is fierce, the damage is huge, great loss is caused to production, the branches are dry and the yield is reduced in the light case, the trees are dead in the heavy case, and the garden is damaged in the serious case.

Heretofore, most kiwi fruit researchers, training textbook writers and kiwi fruit cultivators describe the kiwifruit canker as follows: kiwifruit canker is a devastating bacterial disease, seriously threatens the production of kiwifruit, and once infected, can not be saved like human cancer. If a large area of ulcer disease can not be saved, the emerging industry developed in 20-30 years faces the risk of large-scale atrophy.

In the prior art, when the prevention and treatment research of kiwifruit canker is carried out, bacteria are separated from diseased trees firstly, and the prevention and treatment are advocated by a sterilization and bacteria prevention method, but the actual application effect is poor; and then, a comprehensive prevention and treatment method is provided, the prevention and treatment measures are general, the uncertainty is high, and the production cost of the grower is increased. The canker still worsens year by year, one of the comprehensive control methods considers that Chinese kiwi fruits are easy to canker, and the strain is changed in a coping method, but the operation still has great problems.

The kiwifruit diseased garden canker has the following phenomena:

1. in a kiwi garden, one plant is often found to be diseased and an adjacent plant is healthy.

2. The occurrence of canker is unrelated to the strength of the kiwi fruit tree, and most of strong plants with 3-5 years are more serious.

3. The spread of the canker in the garden is regular, and the canker is more common in the phenomenon of independent occurrence of single plants, multiple plants and groups. The method is not much consistent with the wind and water transmission mode of bacteria.

For more than thirty years, experts and scholars in the world and the country research and control the kiwifruit canker according to the vision of bacterial and destructive diseases, the research progress of prevention, control and control is slow, no major breakthrough is made, and as a result, the canker is larger and larger in occurrence scale, and various prevention and control measures are basically ineffective. The inventor discovers that key factors causing the kiwifruit canker disease are- 'bark beetle' harm causing the canker disease through deep investigation in a main occurrence area of Sichuan kiwifruit canker disease, so that how to revolutionarily adjust the technical direction of preventing the kiwifruit canker disease is mainly to prevent and control insects, so that the problem that the kiwifruit canker disease endangers healthy trees is solved, and the healthy trees are protected.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the problem of how to trap and kill the bark beetle so as to prevent and control the kiwifruit canker caused by the bark beetle.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for trapping and killing bark beetles to ecologically control the kiwifruit canker in a garden comprises the step of trapping and killing bark beetles in or/and around the garden of the kiwifruit, so as to control the kiwifruit canker caused by the bark beetles.

Further, the trapping method is divided into a wood trap mode and a trap trapping mode.

Further, the method for trapping the induced wood comprises the following steps: the wood is lured in kiwi fruit garden or/and garden periphery to the setting, treats that the bark beetle gets into and lures the wood after, will lure the wood to take out to kill and will lure the wood to place in kiwi fruit garden or/and garden periphery used repeatedly after luring the bark beetle in the wood.

Further, the method for killing the bark beetles in the trapping trees comprises two modes of flooding and fumigating, wherein the specific flooding method comprises the following steps: taking out the wood-trapping water pool to submerge and kill the bark beetles, and killing the bark beetles; the fumigation method comprises the following steps: the induced wood is placed in a closed environment, and 10-20 g/m of methyl bromide is adopted ³ Or aluminum phosphide 3g/m ³ Or sulfuryl fluoride 30g/m ³ And (5) carrying out closed fumigation for 5-20 days and nights.

Further, the specific method of the trap is as follows: the bark beetle aggregation pheromone is arranged on the trapper to attract the bark beetle to enter the trapper so as to kill the bark beetle in a sticking way.

Further, the bark beetle aggregation pheromone adopts one or more of bark beetle enol, bark beetle dienol, cis-verbenol, alpha-pinene, octadecane or tetradecanoic acid.

Further, the method also comprises the step of carrying out bark beetle trapping and killing on the standing trees around the garden, and the bark beetle trapping and killing on the standing trees is divided into two modes:

a. chemical bark beetle killing of standing trees: spraying live stumpage branches with 100-200 times of solution of 80% dichlorvos missible oil, 40% omethoate missible oil or 80% phosphamidon missible oil in the overwintering generation adult flying-in and infestation period to kill adults;

b. fumigating and killing bark beetles by using standing trees: the branches are wrapped by agricultural films for fumigation and pest killing, and the fumigation medicine adopts 10-20 g/m of methyl bromide ³ Or aluminum phosphide 3g/m ³ Or sulfuryl fluoride 30g/m ³ 。

The invention is mainly based on the following principle:

principle 1: the bark beetles are stem borers, and once entering a kiwi fruit garden, the bark beetles can drill and stab on the kiwi fruit trunk to form worm channels, so that the body fluid of the kiwi fruit tree continuously flows out, moreover, the bark beetles are damaged by punching and boring to bring bacteria, a large amount of germs in the air are brought into the kiwi fruit body through the worm channels, and the worm-damage-bacteria act together to cause damage, flow damage (continuous), pathogenic bacteria (fungi and bacteria) and gradual decay of the kiwi fruit trunk in a short time.

If the beetles are continuously punched and bored for a long time, in a large scale and in a deep layer, single kiwi fruit plants, multiple kiwi fruit plants, groups and pieces in a garden are damaged, so that the ulcer disease in the whole garden is inevitable. The prevention and treatment of bark beetles is the key point for the prevention and treatment of ulcer diseases.

Principle 2: the bark beetle has the rule of relatively gathering and occupying stable harm to the trunk, and can implement accurate prevention and control: according to the years of research on the behavior of the bark beetle to attack the kiwi fruits, the result shows that the bark beetle has a relative aggregation rule in the kiwi fruit garden and the occupation of the main trunk is relatively stable. Namely, the bark beetle attacks the trunk of the tree, rarely attacks the secondary branches and basically does not attack leaves and root systems. By utilizing the law, the prevention and the treatment can be achieved by a centralized insecticidal method.

Principle 3: the gathering pheromone is applied to trap and kill the bark beetles, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling kiwifruit canker: bark beetles are characterized by frequent aggregation and living together because they can produce aggregation pheromones themselves (aggregation pheromones are also called aggregation pheromones, are animal secretions, and depend on such secretions to attract other individuals of the same species to form population aggregates, perch together, feed together, and attack xenogeneic objects together). The method is characterized in that a natural (having aggregation pheromone property and action) attractant wood material is selected, or a 'artificial pheromone' which is artificially synthesized every day and also has aggregation pheromone property and action is selected, a certain trapping device is arranged and placed in a forest pest source base inside a garden, around the garden and near the garden, and the device can induce and attract the aggregation of the bark beetles and then eliminate the bark beetles in time in a centralized manner, so that the occurrence of the kiwifruit garden canker is effectively prevented and treated.

Principle 4: the ecological pest regulation and control (EBPM) technology based on ecology is applied to implement regional ecological control on bark beetles in the environment inside and outside a garden and in insect source bases, and the effect of treating both symptoms and root causes is achieved: firstly, from the control strategy, the control of the canker caused by the bark beetle in a single kiwi fruit garden is expanded to the comprehensive control of the whole regional landscape pattern of farmlands and surrounding forest zones. Secondly, the accurate prevention and control of the bark beetle-caused canker diseases of poplar, elm, pine, grape and the like in other nearby forest regions except the kiwi fruit garden are realized, and the symptoms and the root causes are treated. Thirdly, all the control methods carry out the method of firstly trapping in a large range and then killing in a small field. Fourthly, the bark beetle is killed by a physical and biological method, the number of the bark beetles is reduced as much as possible, and a chemical prevention and control method is adopted.

The method has the advantages that:

the invention has two functions of destroying old and getting new, and the destroying old means that the understanding that the kiwifruit canker is a simple bacterial disease in the past is changed conceptually; the method is established from the angle of eliminating bark beetles to prevent and treat ulcer diseases, and a set of brand-new ecological regulation and control technology for plant diseases and insect pests is provided.

The method starts with a thinking set mode for breaking through the traditional bacterial canker disease, changes a prevention and treatment path, and innovates a technical method, namely ecological prevention and treatment of the disease and the insect pest, and has strong pertinence, pertinence and effectiveness. The invention can prevent and control the bark beetle in the garden by trapping and killing under the conditions of not digging trees and destroying the garden, and is a special technology for resisting the canker, which has the advantages of low cost, quick effect, small risk, easy mastering and ecology and has the general popularization significance.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention does not need the prior old road of digging trees, destroying trees, cleaning gardens, disinfecting, changing seeds, replanting and blindly spraying pesticide. But a new technical path is taken: the aim of ecologically preventing the kiwifruit canker is achieved by eliminating bark beetles. The method for finding the etiology, aiming at the target, selecting the method and treating the kiwifruit canker accurately and effectively kills the bark beetles in the garden and treats the source base of the pests. The method has wide popularization value for all kiwifruit canker gardens, and has important reference function for ecological prevention, control and treatment of the canker diseases induced by bark beetles of poplar trees, elm trees, pine trees, grapes and the like in other forest areas except the kiwifruit gardens. It can play an important reference role in promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the fruit industry such as kiwi fruit and the like and other economic ecological forestry.

Detailed Description

The technical core of the invention lies in trapping and killing the bark beetles in the interior of the kiwi fruit garden and in the environment insect source bases of the garden, thereby effectively preventing and controlling the kiwifruit canker caused by the bark beetles. The trapping is divided into trapping wood, pheromone, log corrugation and standing wood, and the killing is divided into four killing modes of water flooding, sticking, fumigating and chemical killing, so that the aims of ecology, high efficiency and low cost are integrally achieved. The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention.

Example 1

The method is characterized in that a wood trapping material is arranged in a kiwi fruit garden, and wood (trunk and branch) which is liked by bark beetles is adopted as the wood trapping material. Such as pine, cypress, poplar, elm, pine, grape and other wood, and keeping the bark of the wood, keeping out rain, and trapping bark beetles at proper positions in the orchard. When the trapping reaches a certain population density, the trapping wood is taken out and used for flooding the water pool to kill the bark beetles. After the bark beetles are killed, the trapping wood can be used continuously after being dried.

Example 2

The method is characterized in that a wood trapping material is arranged in a kiwi fruit garden, and wood (trunk and branch) which is liked by bark beetles is adopted as the wood trapping material. Such as pine, cypress, poplar, elm, pine, grape and other wood, keep the bark and keep out of the rain, and trap bark beetles at a proper position in the orchard. When the trapping reaches a certain population density, the trapping wood is placed in a closed environment, and 10-20 g/m of methyl bromide is adopted ³ Or aluminum phosphide 3g/m ³ Or sulfuryl fluoride 30g/m ³ And (5) carrying out closed fumigation for 5-20 days and nights. The agricultural film with the thickness of 0.12mm is selected in the closed environment, the tent with the corresponding size is bonded by using an adhesive according to the size of the induced wood stack and covered on the induced wood stack, and the periphery of the stack is tightly pressed by soil along the ditches so that the medicament is not gasified and then is prevented from escaping.

Example 3

This example is essentially the same as example 1 except that a lure wood is placed in the environment surrounding the garden for killing the bark beetles around the kiwifruit garden.

Example 4

This example is essentially the same as example 2 except that a lure wood is placed in the environment surrounding the garden for killing the bark beetles around the kiwifruit garden.

Example 5

And (3) arranging trapping trees in and around the kiwifruit garden, and killing the bark beetles in the trapping trees by adopting the water flooding method in the embodiment 1 or the fumigating method in the embodiment 2 after the bark beetles enter the trapping trees.

Example 6

The trapper is arranged in the garden, and the trapper is provided with the bark beetle aggregation pheromone to attract the bark beetles to enter the trapper so as to glue and kill the bark beetles. The bark beetle aggregation pheromone is one or more of bark beetle enol, bark beetle dienol, cis-verbenol, alpha-pinene, octadecane or tetradecanoic acid. In this example, bark beetle enol was used.

Example 7

This example is essentially the same as example 6, except that the trap is located around the perimeter of the garden.

Example 8

Trappers are arranged in the garden and on the periphery of the garden, and the trappers are attracted to enter the trappers through the arrangement of the bark beetle aggregation pheromone on the trappers so as to glue and kill the bark beetles. The bark beetle aggregation pheromone is one or more of bark beetle enol, bark beetle dienol, cis-verbenol, alpha-pinene, octadecane or tetradecanoic acid. In this example bark beetle dienol was used.

Example 9

In the environmental insect source base of the kiwi fruit garden, log ridges are utilized or arranged to trap, fumigate and kill bark beetles. The method is characterized in that the original log ridges (some felled, unprocessed and piled logs such as pine trees, cypress trees and the like are called log ridges) of farmers around the kiwi fruit park or the local rich resources such as pine trees, cypress trees and the like are used for preparing a batch of log ridges to be piled in the front of and behind a house every year so as to attract bark beetles. The fumigating and sealing method comprises the following steps: selecting agricultural film with thickness of 0.12mm, adhering it into tent with correspondent size according to the size of log stack, covering it on the log stack, and tightly pressing the edge of film with soil along the periphery of log stack to make the medicine not escape after gasification. Punching a hole on the film above the wood stack, and adding 10-20 g/m of methyl bromide ³ Or aluminum phosphide 3g/m ³ Or sulfuryl fluoride 30g/m ³ And (5) fumigating under sealed condition for 5-20 days and nights.

Example 10

In the environmental insect source base of the kiwi fruit garden, the living stumpage is used for chemically killing the bark beetles. The method comprises the following steps: spraying 100-200 times of solution of 80% dichlorvos missible oil, 40% omethoate missible oil or 80% phosphamidon missible oil on living stumpage branches and trunks during the period of flying into the overwintering generation adult (from the end of 5 months to the beginning of 7 months, which varies according to the land) to kill the adult.

Example 11

In an environmental insect source base in a kiwi fruit garden, live stumpage trees are utilized to fumigate and kill bark beetles. This example is essentially the same as example 9 except that the fumigated killing subject is a place around the kiwi fruit garden where the surrounding area is located next to the living standing trees in the insect source base. Meanwhile, fumigation sealing is adopted only under the condition that the damage of the bark beetle of the standing tree is serious.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (4)

1. A method for ecologically controlling kiwifruit canker in a garden is characterized in that bark beetles in or/and around the garden of kiwifruit are trapped and killed, so that the kiwifruit canker caused by the bark beetles is controlled;

the trapping method comprises four modes of trapping wood, trapping device, trapping log arris and trapping live stumpage; the killing method comprises four modes of water flooding killing, sticking killing, fumigating killing and chemical killing;

the specific method for trapping the trapper comprises the following steps: the bark beetle aggregation pheromone is arranged on the trapper to attract the bark beetle to enter the trapper so as to kill the bark beetle in a sticking way;

the bark beetle aggregation pheromone adopts bark beetle enol or bark beetle dienol.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wood trap trapping method is: the wood is lured in kiwi fruit garden or/and garden periphery to the setting, treats that the bark beetle gets into and lures the wood after, will lure the wood to take out to kill and will lure the wood to place in kiwi fruit garden or/and garden periphery used repeatedly after luring the bark beetle in the wood.

3. The method of claim 2The method for killing the bark beetles in the trapping trees is characterized by comprising two modes of flooding and fumigating, wherein the specific flooding method comprises the following steps: taking out the wood-trapping water pool to submerge and kill the bark beetles, and killing the bark beetles; the fumigating method comprises the following steps: the induced wood is placed in a closed environment, and 10-20 g/m of methyl bromide is adopted ³ Or aluminum phosphide 3g/m ³ Or sulfuryl fluoride 30g/m ³ And (5) carrying out closed fumigation for 5-20 days and nights.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said live stumpage traps are divided into two modes: a. chemical bark beetle killing of standing trees: spraying live stumpage branches with 100-200 times of solution of 80% dichlorvos missible oil, 40% omethoate missible oil or 80% phosphamidon missible oil in the overwintering generation adult flying-in and infestation period to kill adults;

b. fumigating and killing bark beetles by using standing trees: the branches are wrapped by agricultural films for fumigation and pest killing, and the fumigation medicine adopts 10-20 g/m of methyl bromide ³ Or aluminum phosphide 3g/m ³ Or sulfuryl fluoride 30g/m ³ 。