CN114892469A

CN114892469A - Graphene concrete-based heating road and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114892469A
Application number: CN202210424360.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王新定; 周毅
Original assignee: Southeast University
Current assignee: Southeast University
Priority date: 2022-04-21
Filing date: 2022-04-21
Publication date: 2022-08-12

Abstract

The invention provides a graphene concrete-based heating road and a using method thereof. The upper surface layer is made of carbon fiber asphalt concrete, the lower surface layer is made of graphene concrete, and the heat insulation layer is formed by laying polyester glass fiber cloth; the waterproof layer is formed by coating AMP second-order reactive waterproof paint; electrodes are embedded in the graphene concrete and connected with the transformer; the transformer is connected to an external power grid to provide alternating voltage to the electrodes. During operation lasts for graphite alkene concrete circular telegram through the electrode of burying in the graphite alkene concrete, utilizes the electrothermal effect to turn into heat energy with the electric energy, and rethread carbon fiber asphalt concrete transmits heat energy to the road surface to melt ice and snow fast, effectively promote the ability of driving ice and snow of road, effectively ensure the transport capacity and the road security of key transportation route such as airport road, bridge floor etc..

Description

Graphene concrete-based heating road and using method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a graphene concrete-based heating road and a using method thereof, and belongs to the field of road engineering.

Background

In many areas of China, in cold seasons in winter, the temperature is usually below 0 ℃ and in severe weather such as rain, snow, ice and the like. Under such bad weather, many roads all have snow phenomenon of icing, seriously influence driving safety and conveying efficiency. At present, snow melting and deicing mainly depend on methods such as manual snow removing, mechanical snow removing, snow melting agent application and the like. Manual snow removal often requires a large amount of manpower, which is not only costly, but also inefficient. Generally, the device is only used in emergency or in the case of a small amount of snow. Mechanical snow removal is efficient, but maintenance is difficult and costly. Meanwhile, snow removal of the machine is not very maneuverable. For some mountainous roads or narrow roads, the mechanical appliances are difficult to access. Therefore, mechanical snow removal is generally only used on urban road trunks or highways and has a limited popularity. The snow melting agent is a snow removing method which is used more at present, does not need too much manpower and material resources, and has wide use scenes. However, the snow-melting agent not only seriously pollutes the environment, but also damages the pavement structure. Research shows that after a plurality of roads use the snow-melting agent, the service life is obviously reduced, and vegetation in the surrounding environment of the roads is seriously damaged. In addition, the snow removing methods can be used only after accumulated snow is produced, and advance prevention cannot be achieved. Therefore, in order to improve the service performance and safety performance of the road, the development of a novel energy-saving, environment-friendly and efficient snow-melting and deicing road is of great significance.

In the field of civil engineering, concrete is used particularly widely. The concrete is used in a large amount in industrial and civil building engineering, bridge engineering, port engineering, tunnel engineering and road engineering. Research on concrete materials has never been stopped in academia and engineering circles in order to obtain higher strength, tougher, more durable, more environmentally friendly, energy-saving and more intelligent concrete. At present, the preparation technology of various modified concretes is more and more mature, and the fiber concrete, the fly ash concrete, the slag concrete and the like are widely applied. Although the graphene concrete is a new concrete, the graphene concrete has attracted much attention recently, and the preparation method and various performance tests of the graphene concrete are not limited. Relevant researches show that compared with common concrete, the compressive strength, the bending tensile strength and the like of graphene concrete are remarkably improved (1L LvDaigao, Wangjun. graphene concrete research progress J. Jiangxi building materials, 2020, (06): 8-9.). The water permeability is also obviously reduced, and the durability of the concrete is greatly enhanced. And the addition of the graphene material can reduce the original concrete material, and simultaneously still meet the bearing capacity requirement of buildings, so that the carbon emission is greatly reduced, and the environment protection is facilitated (2) perplex, the research and application status and the prospect of the graphene building material [ J ] Tianjin construction science and technology, 2019,29(06): 44-50.). Therefore, if the graphene concrete can be applied to a road structure, under the condition of meeting the requirements of road bearing capacity, service performance and durability, the amount of cement can be effectively reduced, the environment is protected, snow melting and deicing can be carried out by utilizing the electrothermal effect of the graphene concrete, and the road transportation efficiency is improved.

At present, the technology related to graphene conductive concrete is mainly to prepare the conductive concrete by doping carbon fibers and graphene in asphalt concrete as conductive phase materials (3 songbo. graphene conductive asphalt concrete preparation and performance research [ D ] Chongqing traffic university, 2019.DOI: 10.27671/d.cnki.gcjtc.2019.000016.). The graphene asphalt concrete is recommended to be used as an upper layer when in use, the thickness of the graphene asphalt concrete can be properly increased (4-6 cm is recommended) compared with that of common asphalt concrete, and a heat insulating layer is arranged below the conductive asphalt concrete to isolate heat from transferring downwards. In an indoor simulation experiment, the electric heating performance of the prepared conductive asphalt concrete is considered, and under the condition of large input power, snow and ice can be efficiently melted (when the electrified voltage is 36V and the environmental temperature is-10 ℃, the time required for the temperature inside the graphene conductive asphalt concrete to rise to 0 ℃ is 180min, and the time required for the temperature to rise to 0 ℃ on the surface is 250 min).

However, when the concrete is directly used for heating a road surface layer, the surface treatment layer is easily damaged under the action of vehicle load and the like, so that water after ice and snow melt enters the conductive concrete, and the safety and the stability are influenced. Meanwhile, asphalt concrete is a relatively flexible pavement surface layer, and when the asphalt concrete is used as a conductive material, devices such as electrodes embedded in the asphalt concrete are easily damaged under the action of vehicle load and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the problems that when the graphene asphalt concrete is soft in material and the obtained concrete is directly used for heating a road surface layer, a surface treatment layer is easy to damage under the action of vehicle load and the like, so that water after ice and snow melt enters the interior of conductive concrete, and the safety and the stability are affected, the invention provides a heating road based on graphene concrete and a using method thereof. Meanwhile, the conductive concrete of the lower surface layer is made by doping graphene into cement concrete, the strength is high, the strength can be adjusted as required, the electrode material is effectively protected, and the electrode material is not easy to damage.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the utility model provides a heating road based on graphite alkene concrete, includes from supreme down in proper order: the electric heating plate comprises a cushion layer 1, a base layer 2, a heat insulation layer 3, a lower surface layer 4, a waterproof layer 5, an upper surface layer 6, a graphite electrode 7 and a voltage device 8.

The thickness of the upper surface layer is 5-8cm, carbon fiber asphalt concrete with good heat conductivity is adopted, and the carbon fiber asphalt concrete has good heat conductivity and can quickly transfer heat to the pavement.

The thickness of the lower layer is 16-25.2 cm. More preferably 20 cm. Graphene concrete with excellent conductivity is used as a lower layer of a road pavement structure. An electrode is embedded in the graphene concrete and connected with a transformer; the transformer is connected to an external power grid to provide 36v ac voltage to the electrodes. The graphene concrete is electrified to generate an electrothermal effect to convert electric energy into heat energy, and then the heat energy is transferred to the surface of the pavement through the heat-conducting asphalt concrete, so that ice and snow are melted.

More specifically, the graphite electrodes are embedded in both sides of the graphene concrete to serve as electrodes.

When the graphene-based carbon fiber asphalt concrete is actually used, part of water generated after ice and snow melt permeates carbon fiber asphalt concrete, and then the conductivity of the graphene concrete is influenced. Therefore, waterproof treatment is carried out between the upper layer and the lower layer, and a heat insulation layer is added between the lower layer and the base layer, so that energy loss is reduced.

The thermal-protective coating is laid by high performance polyester glass fiber cloth and is formed, and the thermal-protective coating can effectively obstruct heat, thereby preventing heat generated by the lower surface layer of the graphene concrete from being transferred downwards to the base layer to cause heat loss. The waterproof layer is formed by coating AMP second-order reaction type waterproof paint. This waterproof layer can prevent effectively that water infiltration that ice and snow produced after melting from lower surface course and basic unit, avoids the influence to graphite alkene concrete heating efficiency and the harm to the road surface structure.

The graphene adopted by the graphene concrete is KNG-G2 graphene which is good in dispersity, low in price and good in lipophilicity. The performance parameters are that the bulk density is 0.018g/ml, the thickness of graphene is 1-3 layers, the diameter of a lamella is 5.30 mu m, the conductivity is 989S/cm, the content of graphene is 97%, the content of dispersing agent is 2%, and the appearance is black gray powder.

The graphene concrete comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100-110 parts of graphene aqueous dispersion, 180-200 parts of cement, 500-580 parts of coarse aggregate and 350-380 parts of fine aggregate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and graphene aqueous dispersion into a forced stirrer, stirring for 10 minutes, and pouring.

The concentration of the graphene aqueous dispersion is 0.55-0.65 g/L. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the graphite flakes and the surfactant sodium cholate were mixed with water and stripped using a high shear mixer at 5000rpm for 2 hours. And after the stripping is finished, decanting the obtained suspension to obtain the graphene dispersion liquid with determined concentration.

The aggregate gradation of the carbon fiber asphalt concrete is shown in table 1, the oilstone ratio is 4.5%, the mineral powder doping amount is 2% (mass percentage of stone), and the carbon fiber doping amount is 0.05% (mass percentage of carbon fiber to asphalt). The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing stone material and carbon fiber, stirring at 180 deg.c for 90 sec, adding asphalt at 180 deg.c for 90 sec, and adding mineral powder at 180 deg.c for 90 sec.

TABLE 1 asphalt mixture grading

Mesh opening/mm	Through rate/%)	Mesh opening/mm	Through rate/%)
				16	100.0	1.18	28.0
13.2	97.0	0.6	20.0
				9.5	75.0	0.3	14.0
4.75	50.0	0.15	8.5
				2.36	35.0	0.075	6.0

Has the advantages that:

1. the ability of removing ice and snow of road can be effectively promoted. The graphite alkene conductive concrete road can accomplish all-round no dead angle heating, and the heating effect is showing, can melt ice and snow fast, and the transport capacity and the road security of guarantee road, the main use occasion of road that this application relates is key transportation route such as airport road, bridge floor etc..

2. Compare traditional corrosive salt and chemical deicer, graphite alkene conductive concrete road just need the circular telegram just can heat the deicing snow removing, not only can reduce the corrosion damage to the road, can also reduce the pollution to the environment. Meanwhile, the labor and material cost required by the traditional deicing and snow removing method can be saved.

3. The graphene conductive concrete road has the additional beneficial effects of reducing the porosity of concrete, enhancing the toughness of concrete and improving the compressive strength due to the addition of the graphene in the concrete. Meanwhile, the content of cement in concrete can be effectively reduced by adding the graphene, so that the environment protection and cost saving are facilitated.

4. Compared with the method for directly performing surface treatment on the conductive asphalt concrete in the comparison document 1, the waterproof layer is arranged between the upper carbon fiber asphalt concrete layer and the lower graphene concrete layer, so that the waterproof layer does not directly bear the load of a vehicle and the like, the durability of the waterproof layer is effectively ensured, the lower graphene concrete layer and an electrode material are protected, and the durability and the safety of a pavement structure are enhanced.

5. Compared with the asphalt concrete surface layer of the comparison document 1, the lower surface layer is made of graphene cement concrete, so that the strength is higher, the requirement on a road base layer can be reduced, and electrode materials and the like are protected from being damaged under the action of vehicle load and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a graphene concrete-based heating road according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention.

Description of the main reference numerals: 1-cushion layer, 2-base layer, 3-heat-insulating layer, 4-lower surface layer, 5-water-proofing layer, 6-upper surface layer, 7-graphite electrode and 8-voltage device.

Detailed Description

The following will provide a more complete and clear description of the heating road structure and usage effect of the present invention with reference to the embodiments, so as to fully illustrate the objects, principles and features of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiment described below is only one embodiment of the invention, and not all embodiments. Other embodiments, which can be derived by those skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention. All technical characteristics in the invention can be interactively combined on the premise of not conflicting with each other.

Example 1

In this example, the prepared graphene concrete heating road test piece has a size of 40cm × 40cm × 25.2 cm. The graphene used was KNG-G2 graphene (from Xiamen graphene technology GmbH)

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a graphene concrete-based heating road according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic view of an operation principle of the heating road according to the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a graphene concrete-based heating road sequentially includes, from bottom to top: the electric heating plate comprises a cushion layer 1, a base layer 2, a heat insulation layer 3, a lower surface layer 4, a waterproof layer 5, an upper surface layer 6, a graphite electrode 7 and a voltage device 8.

The heat insulation layer is formed by laying high-performance polyester glass fiber cloth, and the heat insulation layer can prevent heat from being transferred downwards to further cause heat loss.

The lower surface layer is made of high-conductivity graphene concrete and is 20cm thick. Graphite electrodes are embedded in the graphene concrete and connected with a transformer, and the transformer is connected with an external power grid and provides 36v alternating voltage for the electrodes.

The waterproof treatment layer is formed by coating AMP second-order reaction type waterproof paint (purchased from Song Source waterproof Material Co., Ltd.).

The upper surface layer is made of carbon fiber asphalt concrete with good heat conductivity, and the thickness of the upper surface layer is 5 cm.

In actual use, water generated after ice and snow melt partially permeates carbon fiber asphalt concrete. At this moment, the waterproof treatment layer will prevent further infiltration of water, influence the electric conductivity of graphite alkene concrete.

Example 2 Performance testing

The road performance parameters of the carbon fiber asphalt concrete of the upper layer obtained in example 1 were measured according to the road asphalt pavement design specification JTG D50-2017 and are shown in table 2. The basic mechanical property parameters of the graphene concrete of the lower layer are measured according to the standard GB/T50081 of the mechanical property test method of common concrete, and are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 2 results of performance parameters for carbon fiber asphalt concrete road

Table 3 mechanical property comparison results of graphene concrete and conventional concrete

In actual use, the temperature of the test piece increased by 16.9 ℃ within 3h at a safe voltage of 36v, and the average temperature increased by about 5.6 ℃ per hour. The time required for melting the ice layer with 2mm on the surface of the test piece is 620min, the heating effect of the heating road is remarkable, the snow and ice melting efficiency is high, and the engineering feasibility is realized. The voltage can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to increase or decrease the snow melting speed, and when the voltage is increased to 220v, the time required for melting the ice layer with the thickness of 2mm on the surface of the test piece is about 20 min.

It can be seen that, compared with the conductive concrete prepared by using the carbon fiber and graphene as conductive phase materials as the heating road surface layer (reference 1, sonpeng. graphene conductive asphalt concrete preparation and performance research [ D ]), which is described in the background art, the overall thickness of the road test piece obtained in the embodiment 1 is 25.2cm, compared with the reference 1, after the heat insulating layer is directly added on the surface layer of the common asphalt concrete, the upper surface layer of conductive asphalt concrete is paved again (the thickness is increased by 4-6cm compared with the common asphalt concrete), the graphene concrete is directly paved on the base layer 2 without paving a common asphalt concrete surface layer, the graphene concrete is directly used as the lower surface layer, the working environment of the graphene concrete is improved (the graphene concrete is prevented from being corroded by rainwater and directly bears vehicle load and the like), and the strength and the durability of the whole surface layer are improved. Meanwhile, the heat insulation performance of the whole road structure is improved, and energy loss can be reduced when the road structure is heated repeatedly.

EXAMPLE 3 Single factor investigation of Key parameters

In this example, 3 graphene concrete heating road test pieces of different thicknesses were prepared:

the size of the test piece 1 is 40cm × 40cm × 23.2cm

The size of the test piece 2 was 40cm X25.2 cm

The test piece 3 had dimensions of 40cm × 40cm × 27.2 cm.

The only difference between the three test pieces was the thickness of the underlying graphene concrete, which was 18cm, 20cm and 22cm, respectively. The measured heating efficiency is shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 heating efficiency of graphene concrete heating roads under different thicknesses

Test piece number	1	2	3
				Voltage/v	36	36	36
Lower layer thickness/cm	18	20	22
				Temperature rise value/deg.C for 3h	17.3	16.9	16.0

According to table 4, the difference in thickness of the graphene concrete of the lower layer results in the difference in heating efficiency, because the smaller the thickness, the greater the resistance of the graphene concrete, the greater the heating power. In order to achieve both the strength and the heating efficiency of the road surface layer structure, it is recommended that the thickness of the graphene concrete of the lower layer is 20cm, but the overall temperature rise rate is higher than that of the comparative document 1.

The above examples of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other modifications and variations to the foregoing description may be apparent to those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a heating road based on graphite alkene concrete which characterized in that, from supreme including in proper order down: the device comprises a cushion layer 1, a base layer 2, a heat insulation layer 3, a lower surface layer 4, a waterproof layer 5, an upper surface layer 6, a graphite electrode 7 and a voltage device 8;

the upper surface layer is made of carbon fiber asphalt concrete;

the lower surface layer is made of graphene concrete;

the heat insulation layer is formed by laying high-performance polyester glass fiber cloth;

the waterproof layer is formed by coating AMP second-order reactive waterproof paint;

an electrode is embedded in the graphene concrete and connected with a transformer; the transformer is connected to an external power grid to provide alternating voltage to the electrodes.

2. The graphene concrete-based heating road according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface layer has a thickness of 5-8cm, and the lower surface layer has a thickness of 16-25 cm.

3. The graphene concrete-based heating road according to claim 1, wherein the graphite electrodes are embedded in both sides of the graphene concrete.

4. The graphene concrete-based heating road according to claim 1, wherein the graphene concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 100-110 parts of graphene aqueous dispersion, 180-200 parts of cement, 500-580 parts of coarse aggregate and 350-380 parts of fine aggregate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and graphene aqueous dispersion into a forced stirrer, stirring for 10 minutes, and pouring.

5. The graphene concrete-based heating road according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the graphene aqueous dispersion is 0.55-0.65 g/L; mixing graphite flakes and surfactant sodium cholate with water, and peeling the graphite flakes for 2 hours at 5000rpm by using a high-shear mixer; and after the stripping is finished, decanting the obtained suspension to obtain the graphene dispersion liquid with determined concentration.

6. The graphene concrete-based heating road as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber asphalt concrete has an oilstone ratio of 4.5%, a mineral powder doping amount of 2%, and a carbon fiber doping amount of 0.05%; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing stone material and carbon fiber, stirring at 180 deg.C for 90s, adding asphalt, stirring at 180 deg.C for 90s, adding mineral powder, and stirring at 180 deg.C for 90 s.

7. The graphene concrete-based heating road according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the graphene is KNG-G2 graphene; the bulk density is 0.018g/ml, the thickness is 1-3 layers, the diameter of a sheet layer is 5.30 mu m, the conductivity is 989S/cm, the graphene content is 97%, the dispersant content is 2%, and the appearance is black gray powder.

8. The method for using the graphene concrete-based heating road as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphite electrodes arranged in the graphene concrete are electrified to generate an electrothermal effect to convert electric energy into heat energy, and then the heat energy is transferred to the surface of the road surface through the carbon fiber asphalt concrete on the upper surface layer to melt ice and snow;

waterproof treatment is carried out between the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer, so that water generated after ice and snow melt is prevented from permeating into the lower surface layer and the base layer, and the influence on the heating efficiency of the graphene concrete and the damage to a pavement structure are avoided;

the heat insulation layer between the lower layer and the base layer blocks heat, and prevents heat generated by the lower layer from being transferred downwards into the base layer to cause heat loss.