CN114873865B - Artificial wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a constructed wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment, including a rotary filter area, an adsorption filter area and a water purification area; the rotary filter area is located upstream of the artificial wetland, and the rotary filter area is used to filter sewage block debris; the adsorption filter area is located downstream of the rotary filter area, and the adsorption filter area is used to filter tiny particles in the sewage; the water purification area is the water area of the constructed wetland, and the water purification area is used for sewage precipitation, and through biochemical Function to remove organic pollutants in sewage. This application sets up different purification methods, builds a modular water treatment system based on artificial wetlands and expands different sewage treatment methods, and realizes the staged purification of urban sewage.

Description

A Constructed Wetland Modular System for Urban Sewage Treatment

technical field

The application belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and in particular relates to an artificial wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment.

Background technique

Constructed wetland is a ground similar to swampland that is artificially constructed and operated under control. Sewage and sludge are distributed to the artificially constructed wetland in a controlled manner. When sewage and sludge flow in a certain direction, they are mainly used It is a technology for treating sewage and sludge through the triple synergy of physics, chemistry and biology of soil, artificial medium, plants and microorganisms. Its mechanism of action includes adsorption, retention, filtration, redox, precipitation, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shading, residue accumulation, transpiration of water and nutrient absorption, and the action of various animals.

The purification of artificial wetlands at the present stage only makes use of the precipitation of wetlands and the purification of aquatic plants. As for urban sewage, it is mixed with more complex pollutants, such as garbage, which leads to the transformation of traditional wetland purification. It has become a garbage wetland and produced new environmental pollution.

Contents of the invention

This application proposes a constructed wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment. Aiming at the problems of large amounts of urban sewage garbage and serious water oxidative enrichment, different purification methods are set up to build a set of constructed wetlands as the basis to expand different sewage Modular water treatment system for treatment methods.

In order to achieve the above object, the application provides the following scheme:

A constructed wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment, including a rotary screen area, an adsorption filter area and a water purification area;

The rotary screen area is located upstream of the constructed wetland, and the rotary screen area is used to filter massive debris in sewage;

The adsorption filter area is located downstream of the rotary screen area, and the adsorption filter area is used to filter tiny particles in sewage;

The water purification area is the water area of the artificial wetland, and the water purification area is used for sewage sedimentation and biochemical removal of organic pollutants in the sewage.

Preferably, the rotary screen area is composed of a rotary screen, and the rotary screen rotates around a rotating shaft;

The rotary filter screen is provided with filter holes and filter rows;

A part of the rotary screen enters into the sewage, and the other part is exposed.

Preferably, the rotary screen area is composed of several rotary screens,

The rotation axes of the rotary screen are not in a straight line.

Preferably, the adsorption filtration zone is composed of physicochemical filtration units;

The physical and chemical filtration unit has a three-layer structure, which is a gravel layer, an activated carbon layer, and a lime layer in sequence, and the sewage passes through the gravel layer, the activated carbon layer, and the lime layer in sequence;

The gravel layer is composed of several gravels with different diameters;

The activated carbon layer is composed of activated carbon;

The lime layer is composed of soda lime powder and straw particles.

Preferably, the adsorption filtration zone is composed of several physical and chemical filtration units;

The cross-sectional area of the physical and chemical filtration unit is smaller than the sewage pipe cross-sectional area;

The central points of the materialized filter units are not on a straight line.

Preferably, the water purification area includes an underwater packing layer, an ecological floating island, a floating algae collection net and a biochemical treatment pipeline;

The bottom packing layer is used for carrying sediment in sewage and planting aquatic plants;

The ecological floating island is used for planting fast-growing plants with ornamental effects;

The floating algae collecting net is used to collect and remove sundries produced by aquatic plants;

The biochemical treatment pipeline is used to release purification microorganisms into the sewage, and the purification microorganisms are used to remove organic pollutants in the sewage.

Preferably, the aquatic plants include floating emergent plants and submerged plants;

The floating plants are plants with long growth cycle, well-developed root system and good landscape effect;

The submerged plant is a population of bitter grasses that can grow underwater all the year round.

Preferably, the floating algae collection net adopts a wind-force-adjustable floating algae collection seine, and the wind-force-adjustable floating algae collection seine includes a collection seine, a buoyancy belt, a wind collector and a counterweight bar;

The buoyancy belt is arranged above the collection fence, and the wind catchers are arranged at intervals, and the bottom of the wind catcher is connected to the collection fence through the weight bar.

Preferably, the biochemical treatment pipelines are located below the water surface and arranged at equal intervals;

The biochemical treatment pipeline is provided with several release holes, and the purification microorganisms enter the water purification area through the release holes.

Preferably, the purification microorganisms include aerobic microorganisms, anaerobic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.

The beneficial effect of this application is:

This application discloses a constructed wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment. Aiming at the problems of large urban sewage garbage and serious water oxidative enrichment, different purification methods are set, and a set of constructed wetlands is used as the basis to expand different sewage. Modular water treatment system with treatment method; set up a rotary filter area to filter most of the solid waste; set up an adsorption filter area to filter all kinds of tiny particles and suspended solids; finally, in the water purification area, remove sewage through sedimentation and biochemical action The organic matter in the water can realize the staged purification of urban sewage. At the same time, according to the actual situation, the settings of each component can be optimized to improve the purification and treatment effect of different types of sewage.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. Technical personnel can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a constructed wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the rotary filter screen in the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the side view structure of the rotary filter screen in the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the physical-chemical filtration unit in the embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and comprehensible, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

As shown in Figure 1, it is the constructed wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment in the embodiment of the present application. This technical solution is based on constructed wetlands, and expands the treatment methods for different pollutants, mainly including rotary filter area, Adsorption filtration area and water purification area.

Among them, the rotary screen area is located upstream of the constructed wetland, and the rotary screen area is used to filter massive debris in the sewage. The adsorption filter area is located downstream of the rotary screen area, and the adsorption filter area is used to filter tiny particles in the sewage. The water purification area is the water area of the constructed wetland, and the water purification area is used for sewage sedimentation and biochemical removal of organic pollutants in sewage.

In the following, in combination with this embodiment, the structural composition and function realization of each device part will be introduced in detail.

rotary screen area

The rotary screen area is located upstream of the constructed wetland and consists of one or more rotary screens that rotate around the axis of rotation. Fig. 2 is a front view of the rotary filter screen, and the rotary filter screen is provided with filter holes and filter rows. In Figure 2, the filter holes are schematically shown. In practical applications, the filter holes can be of different sizes and do not need to be arranged regularly. The purpose of the filter holes is to intercept some solid waste, such as water bottles, plastics, dead branches of trees, etc. At the same time, the water body can also continue to flow forward through the filter holes. The filter row is similar to the filter hole. In Figure 2, only four filter rows are used for illustration. In practical applications, it can be adjusted appropriately according to the amount of solid debris in the sewage. One part of the rotary screen enters the sewage, and the other part is exposed. Fig. 3 is a side view of the rotary screen, wherein the filter row is also provided with filter holes, and the purpose of the filter row is to take the solid waste out of the water during the rotation of the rotary screen, and then pass it through other means (including artificially). , machine) to remove the solid waste on the filter row, so as to clean up the solid waste and at the same time ensure the flow of the water body, avoiding the accumulation of solid waste to block the waterway.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the rotating shafts of the four rotary screens are not in a straight line, and the diameter of the rotary screen is smaller than the width of the channel. Block solid waste.

Adsorption filter area

The adsorption filtration area is located downstream of the rotary screen area and upstream of the constructed wetland. The adsorption filtration zone consists of one or more physical and chemical filtration units. As shown in Figure 4, the physical and chemical filtration unit is a box body, and the periphery of the box body is covered with water holes for water to pass through. The interior is a three-layer structure, which is a gravel layer, activated carbon layer and lime layer in sequence. The sewage passes through the gravel layer, Activated carbon layer and lime layer. Among them, the gravel layer is composed of several gravels with different diameters, and the diameters are mainly distributed in the range of 5-50mm. The activated carbon layer is composed of activated carbon, making full use of the strong adsorption of activated carbon. The lime layer is composed of soda lime powder and straw particles in a ratio of 2:1.

As shown in Figure 1, the adsorption filtration area is composed of four physical and chemical filtration units, each of which has a cross-sectional area smaller than that of the sewage pipe, and the central points of the four physical and chemical filtration units are not on a straight line. Its function is similar to that of the aforementioned rotary sieve. The physical and chemical filter unit can be partly exposed to the water surface.

Water purification area

The water purification area is improved on the basis of traditional artificial wetlands, including underwater filling layers, ecological floating islands, floating algae collection nets and biochemical treatment pipelines.

The bottom filler layer is used to carry the sediment in the sewage and plant aquatic plants. Ecological floating islands are used to grow fast-growing plants that have ornamental effects. The floating algae collection net is used to collect and remove the debris produced by aquatic plants. The biochemical treatment pipeline is used to release purification microorganisms into the sewage, and the purification microorganisms are used to remove organic pollutants in the sewage. The water purification area in Fig. 1 only shows the above-mentioned parts.

In this embodiment, soil is used for the bottom filling layer, and a waterproof seepage layer is laid on the bottom of the bottom filling layer, which is not shown in FIG. 1 .

In this embodiment, the aquatic plants include floating emergent plants and submerged plants.

Floating emergent plants are plants with long growth cycle, well-developed root system and good landscape effects, such as: celery, water onion, calamus, water lily, water hyacinth, reed, rush, reed bamboo, etc. In this embodiment, in order to increase the water purification effect of the plant roots as much as possible, the water depth of the floating plant area is controlled within 1 m, and the water depth of the emergent plant area is controlled within 1-1.5 m.

The submerged plants are the balsamia populations that can grow underwater all year round, mainly including balsamia dendrobium, hornwort and foxtail algae. According to the growth habits of submerged plants, the water depth in this section is controlled at 1.5-2.5m within. Submerged plants are planted on an inclined base. The base is a PVC frame wrapped with fine gauze, filled with porous ceramsite inside, and the ceramsite is filled with a nutrient soil matrix. Multiple inclined bases can be placed in the same area, so that the depth of the water body All are covered with submerged plants, forming a three-dimensional purification network. The multi-layer base structure can adjust the angle according to the angle of the sun, so that submerged plants can get enough sunlight for growth. At the same time, moderate ecological floating islands are placed on the surface of the water body in the submerged area. The ecological floating islands use plants that have ornamental effects and grow quickly, such as yellow calamus. , Barracuda, Iris. At the same time, thanks to the ecological floating island, it can also provide a habitat for birds active in the waters. These birds can purify the water quality by swallowing fine particles in the water.

Further, it is also possible to form a submerged plant breeding aquatic plant community underwater, select a bitter grass population that can grow underwater all year round, use directional cultivation technology to make this population form a dominant population underwater, and limit other submerged species. Invasion of aquatic plants, when the population forms a huge biomass underwater, it will produce a high water purification effect. The dense aquatic plant leaves act as a soft retaining wall. Regardless of water waves, benthic fish cannot disturb the bottom mud. The natural biological isolation layer formed by the underwater forest can effectively restrain the diffusion of sediment nutrients into the water body. At the same time, the leaves of the aquatic plants will form a biofilm structure that can continuously flocculate and degrade the suspended particulate matter in the water body. Effect, so that the river presents a clear landscape effect.

In this embodiment, the floating algae collection net adopts a wind-adjustable floating algae collection seine, including a collection seine, a buoyancy belt, a wind catcher and a counterweight bar. Collector, the wind collector is connected with the collection seine through the counterweight bar. When the wind direction is conducive to the collection of algae such as blue-green algae, the height of the seine at the entrance of the collection seine is lower than the water surface, and when the wind direction is not conducive to the collection of algae, it is higher than the water surface, so that the algae can only enter and cannot be collected. According to the structure, area and shape of the water surface of the constructed wetland, an adaptive position setting can be made. When the wind blows, the algae-feeding side will be tilted due to the influence of the wind. The collection seine, while the height of the other side of the collection seine is higher than the water surface, so that the algae can only enter and not come out, and realize the function of continuous collection.

In this embodiment, the biochemical treatment pipelines are located below the water surface and arranged at equal intervals. The biochemical treatment pipeline is equipped with numerous release holes, through which the purified microorganisms enter the water purification area to remove organic pollutants in the water. Purification microorganisms mainly include aerobic microorganisms, anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Aerobic microorganisms can decompose organic matter into carbon dioxide and water through respiration; anaerobic bacteria can decompose organic matter into carbon dioxide and methane; nitrifying bacteria can nitrify ammonium salt; denitrifying bacteria can reduce nitrate nitrogen to nitrogen gas.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only a description of the preferred mode of the application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Variations and improvements should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (4)

1. An artificial wetland modular system for urban sewage treatment is characterized by comprising a rotary screen area, an adsorption filtration area and a water area purification area;

the rotary screening area is positioned at the upstream of the artificial wetland and is used for filtering blocky impurities in the sewage;

the adsorption filtration zone is positioned at the downstream of the rotary screen zone and is used for filtering tiny particles in sewage;

the water area purification area is a water area of the constructed wetland, and is used for precipitating sewage and removing organic pollutants in the sewage through biochemical action;

the rotary screen area consists of a rotary screen, and the rotary screen rotates around a rotating shaft;

the rotary screen is provided with a filter hole and a filter row;

one part of the rotary screen enters sewage, and the other part is exposed;

the rotary screen area consists of a plurality of rotary screens,

the rotating shaft of the rotary screen is not on a straight line;

the adsorption filtration area consists of materialized filtration units;

the materialized filtering unit is of a three-layer structure and sequentially comprises a gravel layer, an active carbon layer and a lime layer, and sewage sequentially passes through the gravel layer, the active carbon layer and the lime layer;

the gravel layer consists of a plurality of gravels with different diameters;

the active carbon layer consists of active carbon;

the lime layer consists of soda lime powder and straw particles;

the adsorption filtration area consists of a plurality of materialized filtration units;

the sectional area of the materialized filtering unit is smaller than the sectional area of the sewage pipeline;

the center point of the materialized filtering unit is not on a straight line;

the water area purification area comprises a water bottom filler layer, an ecological floating island, a floating algae collection net and a biochemical treatment pipeline;

the underwater filler layer is used for bearing sediment in sewage and planting aquatic plants;

the ecological floating island is used for planting plants which have ornamental effect and grow rapidly at the same time;

the floating algae collecting net is used for collecting and removing sundries generated by aquatic plants;

the biochemical treatment pipeline is used for releasing purified microorganisms into the sewage, and the purified microorganisms are used for removing organic pollutants in the sewage;

the floating algae collecting net adopts a wind power regulation type floating algae collecting purse net, and the wind power regulation type floating algae collecting purse net comprises a collecting purse net, a buoyancy belt, a wind power catcher and a counterweight rod;

the buoyancy belt is arranged above the collecting purse net, the wind power traps are arranged at intervals, and the lower parts of the wind power traps are connected with the collecting purse net through the counterweight rods;

the rotary screen area is positioned at the upstream of the artificial wetland and consists of one or more rotary screens, and the rotary screens rotate around a rotating shaft; the rotary screen is provided with a filter hole and a filter row; in practical application, the filter holes are different in size and do not need to be regularly arranged, the purpose of the filter holes is to intercept some solid garbage, and meanwhile, the water body continuously flows forwards through the filter holes; the filter rows have similar functions with the filter holes, and in practical application, the filter rows are properly adjusted according to the quantity of solid impurities in the sewage; one part of the rotary screen enters sewage, and the other part is exposed; the filter row is also provided with filter holes, and the purpose of the filter row is to bring the solid garbage out of the water surface in the rotation of the rotary filter screen, and then clear the solid garbage on the filter row in other modes, so that the solid garbage can be cleared, the flowing effect of the water body can be ensured, and the solid garbage is prevented from accumulating and blocking a water channel;

the adsorption filtration area is positioned at the downstream of the rotary screen area and at the upstream of the constructed wetland; the adsorption filtration area consists of one or more materialized filtration units, the materialized filtration unit is a box body, the periphery of the box body is fully provided with flowing water holes, the water supply flows through the box body, the inside of the box body is of a three-layer structure, a gravel layer, an active carbon layer and a lime layer are sequentially arranged, sewage sequentially passes through the gravel layer, the active carbon layer and the lime layer, the gravel layer consists of a plurality of gravels with different diameters, and the diameters are mainly distributed at 5-50mm; the active carbon layer is composed of active carbon, and the strong adsorptivity of the active carbon is fully utilized; the lime layer consists of 2:1 soda lime powder and straw particles;

the submerged plant is a bitter grass population which can grow underwater all the year round, and mainly comprises picrasma dens, goldfish algae and foxtail algae, and the water depth of the section is controlled within 1.5-2.5m according to the growth habit of the submerged plant; the submerged plants are planted on a base layer which is obliquely placed, the base layer is a PVC frame, fine gauze is wrapped outside the PVC frame, porous ceramsite is filled in the base layer, nutrient soil matrixes are filled in the ceramsite, a plurality of inclined base layers are placed in the same area, and submerged plants are fully distributed at all depths in the water body, so that a three-dimensional purification network is formed; the multi-layer basic structure adjusts the angle according to the sun angle, so that submerged plants can obtain enough sunlight for growth, meanwhile, moderate ecological floating islands are placed on the surface of the water body in the submerged area, and plants with ornamental effect and rapid growth are selected for the ecological floating islands, namely, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, haloxylon-grass and iris; meanwhile, owing to the ecological floating island, habitats are provided for the birds moving in the water area, and the birds play a role in purifying water by swallowing fine particles in the water;

the floating algae collecting net adopts a wind power regulation type floating algae collecting purse net and comprises a collecting purse net, a buoyancy belt, a wind power catcher and a counterweight rod, wherein the buoyancy belt is arranged above the collecting purse net, the wind power catcher is arranged at intervals, and the lower part of the wind power catcher is connected with the collecting purse net through the counterweight rod; when the wind direction is favorable for collecting blue algae, the first measuring purse net at the entrance of the collecting purse net is lower than the water surface, and the wind direction is unfavorable for collecting the purse net and collecting algae, the purse net is higher than the water surface, so that algae can not only enter and exit, the collecting purse net is arranged in an adaptive position according to the structure, the area and the water surface shape of the constructed wetland, when wind blows, the purse net is collected on one side of the algae entering side and is affected by wind force to incline, the collecting purse net is lower than the water surface, algae is collected in the collecting purse net on the other side, and the purse net is collected on the other side and higher than the water surface, so that algae can not enter and exit, and the continuous collecting effect is realized.

2. The constructed wetland modular system for municipal sewage treatment according to claim 1, wherein,

the aquatic plants comprise floating emergent aquatic plants and submerged aquatic plants;

the floating emergent aquatic plant has long growth cycle, developed root system and good landscape effect;

the submerged plants are a bitter grass population which can grow underwater all the year round.

3. The constructed wetland modular system for municipal sewage treatment according to claim 1, wherein,

the biochemical treatment pipelines are positioned below the water surface and are arranged at equal intervals;

the biochemical treatment pipeline is provided with a plurality of release holes, and the purifying microorganisms enter the water area purifying area through the release holes.

4. An artificial wetland modular system for municipal sewage treatment according to claim 3,

the purifying microorganism comprises aerobic microorganism, anaerobic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.