CN114871333A - Temperature sensor production device - Google Patents
Temperature sensor production device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114871333A CN114871333A CN202210448911.5A CN202210448911A CN114871333A CN 114871333 A CN114871333 A CN 114871333A CN 202210448911 A CN202210448911 A CN 202210448911A CN 114871333 A CN114871333 A CN 114871333A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 155
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 208000012260 Accidental injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/001—Shaping combined with punching, e.g. stamping and perforating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
- B21D28/04—Centering the work; Positioning the tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
- B21D28/06—Making more than one part out of the same blank; Scrapless working
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
- B21D28/14—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/08—Dies with different parts for several steps in a process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/003—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass in punching machines or punching tools
- B21D45/006—Stripping-off devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/10—Combined ejecting and stripping-off devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及温度传感器生产领域,具体的说是一种温度传感器生产装置。The invention relates to the field of temperature sensor production, in particular to a temperature sensor production device.
背景技术Background technique
温度传感器是指能感受温度并转换成可用输出信号的传感器,主要由敏感元件、转换元件、信号调理转换电路和外壳组成,其中温度传感器外壳是温度传感器封装配件,一般采用冲压、拉伸等工艺加工而成。A temperature sensor refers to a sensor that can sense temperature and convert it into a usable output signal. It is mainly composed of sensitive elements, conversion elements, signal conditioning and conversion circuits and a casing. The temperature sensor casing is a temperature sensor packaging accessory, generally using stamping, stretching and other processes. processed.
在温度传感器外壳的冲压和拉伸加工过程中,因成型件与成型模具之间的贴合度较高,尤其是拉伸成型件,所以采用人工直接拾取的方式不仅较易导致成型件出现一定的变形、成型件取出操作的整体效率降低,同时还存在工人手部被误伤的隐患。In the stamping and stretching process of the temperature sensor shell, due to the high degree of fit between the molded part and the molding die, especially the stretched molded part, the manual pick-up method is not only easier to cause the molded part to appear certain. deformation, the overall efficiency of the operation of taking out the molded parts is reduced, and there is also a hidden danger that the worker's hand is accidentally injured.
此外,在冲压工艺结束后,冲压产生的半成品需要转至拉伸工位,而对于此操作,若采取人工放置半成品的方式,则半成品与拉伸工位的工作端之间的对接较易存在偏差,且在批量生产外壳的情况下,人工逐个放置半成品所产生的效率不高。In addition, after the stamping process, the semi-finished product produced by stamping needs to be transferred to the stretching station. For this operation, if the semi-finished product is manually placed, the butt between the semi-finished product and the working end of the stretching station is more likely to exist. deviation, and in the case of mass production of shells, the efficiency of manually placing semi-finished products one by one is not high.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案,一种温度传感器生产装置,包括冲压部和拉伸部,所述冲压部位于拉伸部的正左侧,冲压部和拉伸部均安装在地面上。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions, a temperature sensor production device, including a punching part and a stretching part, the punching part is located on the right left side of the stretching part, and the punching part and the stretching part are installed in the on the ground.
所述冲压部包括冲压台、冲压气缸和冲压头,冲压台安装在地面上,冲压台的上端安装有安装架,安装架的上端前后对称安装有冲压气缸,冲压气缸推出端之间连接有吊装板,吊装板的中部从前往后等距离设有冲压头,冲压头的正下方布置有冲孔,冲孔开设在冲压台的上端,冲孔内滑动安装有圆台,圆台安装在同一个水平板的上端,水平板下端与地面之间连接有出料电动推杆,水平板右侧布置有推料板,推料板右侧安装有推料电动推杆,推料电动推杆固定端与安装在冲压台下端的固定板相连,加工材料自前向后输送,加工材料的下端面与冲压台的上端面接触,加工材料的输送与冲压操作呈间歇进行状态,加工材料暂停输送时,通过冲压气缸向下推动冲压头,冲压头对加工材料进行冲裁处理,冲裁完成后,通过出料电动推杆带动圆台向下运动,同时通过冲压气缸使冲压头再向下运动,以使冲裁圆片脱离冲裁边料,紧接着,通过冲压气缸使冲压头向上回至原始位置,加工材料继续向后输送,圆台携带冲裁圆片继续向下运动,直至出料电动推杆不可再收缩,此时推料板位于圆台的上方,随后通过推料电动推杆向左推动推料板,推料板将圆台上端的冲裁圆片向左推至拉伸部的工作范围内,接下来,通过推料电动推杆、出料电动推杆使推料板和圆台回至原始位置,先前继续向左输送的加工材料再次暂停输送,随后重复上述操作完成下一批次的冲裁加工。The punching part includes a punching table, a punching cylinder and a punching head. The punching table is installed on the ground, an installation frame is installed on the upper end of the punching table, a punching cylinder is symmetrically installed at the upper end of the installation frame, and a hoisting device is connected between the pushing ends of the punching cylinder. The middle part of the hoisting plate is provided with a punching head equidistant from the front to the rear, and a punching hole is arranged just below the punching head. The upper end of the horizontal plate is connected between the lower end of the horizontal plate and the ground with a discharging electric push rod. The right side of the horizontal plate is arranged with a pushing plate, and a pushing electric push rod is installed on the right side of the pushing plate. The fixed plate at the lower end of the punching table is connected, the processing material is transported from front to back, the lower end face of the processing material is in contact with the upper end face of the punching table, the transport of the processing material and the punching operation are in an intermittent state, and when the processing material is suspended, the punching cylinder Push down the punching head, the punching head will punch the processing material, after the punching is completed, the round table is driven downward by the discharging electric push rod, and at the same time, the punching head is moved downward again by the punching cylinder, so as to make the punching round. The sheet is separated from the blanking material, and then, the punching head is returned to the original position through the punching cylinder, the processing material continues to be transported backward, and the round table carries the blanking disc and continues to move downward until the discharge electric push rod can no longer be retracted. At this time, the pusher plate is located above the round table, and then the pusher plate is pushed to the left by the pusher electric push rod. The pusher plate and the round table are returned to their original positions through the pusher electric push rod and the discharge electric push rod, and the processing materials that continue to be conveyed to the left are suspended again, and then the above operations are repeated to complete the next batch of blanking processing.
所述拉伸部包括运料件和拉伸件,运料件位于拉伸件的右侧,所述运料件包括拉伸模、内模、顶出板、顶出电动推杆、侧架和调整电动滑块,拉伸模的上端面与推料板的下端面齐平,拉伸模的上端面从前往后等距离开设有拉伸通孔,拉伸模的上端设有卡固件,拉伸通孔位于卡固件中心正下方,拉伸通孔内滑动安装有为空心结构的内模,内模安装在同一个模板上,内模内滑动安装有顶出板,顶出板的下端安装有顶出电动推杆,顶出电动推杆的下端与同一个杆板相连,杆板上端与模板的下端面相连,拉伸模的前后两端对称安装有侧架,模板的侧端与侧架之间连接有调整电动滑块,侧架的下端与地面之间连接有地置电动滑块,所述拉伸件包括置地架、圆环板、压制电动滑块、拉伸头和拉伸气缸,置地架前后对称安装在地面上,置地架的上端安装有压制电动滑块,压制电动滑块之间连接有从前往后等距离开设有拉动通孔的架板,拉动通孔的正下方布置有内径与拉动通孔直径相等的圆环板,圆环板通过圆柱安装在架板的下端,拉动通孔的正上方布置有拉伸头,架板上端面前后对称安装有拉伸气缸,拉伸气缸推出端之间连接有固连板,拉伸头设于固连板的下端。The drawing part includes a material conveying part and a drawing part, the material conveying part is located on the right side of the drawing part, and the material conveying part includes a drawing die, an inner die, an ejector plate, an ejector electric push rod, and a side frame And adjust the electric slider, the upper end face of the stretching die is flush with the lower end face of the ejector plate, the upper end face of the stretching die is provided with stretching through holes equidistant from front to back, and the upper end of the stretching die is provided with a clamping member. The stretching through hole is located just below the center of the clamping member. The inner mold with a hollow structure is slidably installed in the stretching through hole. The inner mold is installed on the same template, and an ejector plate is slidably installed in the inner mold. An ejector electric push rod is installed, the lower end of the ejection electric push rod is connected with the same rod plate, the upper end of the rod plate is connected with the lower end surface of the template, the front and rear ends of the stretching die are symmetrically installed with side frames, and the side end of the template is connected to the lower end surface of the template. An adjustment electric slider is connected between the side frames, and a ground-mounted electric slider is connected between the lower end of the side frame and the ground. Extend the cylinder, the ground frame is symmetrically installed on the ground in front and back, the upper end of the ground frame is installed with a pressing electric slider, and the pressing electric slider is connected with a frame plate with a pulling through hole equidistant from the front to the rear. A circular ring plate with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the pulling through hole is arranged below. The annular plate is installed on the lower end of the shelf plate through a cylinder, a stretching head is arranged directly above the pulling through hole, and a stretching cylinder is symmetrically installed in front and rear of the upper end of the shelf plate. , a fixing plate is connected between the push-out ends of the stretching cylinder, and the stretching head is arranged at the lower end of the fixing plate.
事先通过调整电动滑块带动模板向上或向下运动,模板带动内磨同步运动,以此来调整内磨上端面与拉伸模上端面之间的距离,即根据生产要求来调整拉伸的深度,通过推料电动推杆向左推动推料板,推料板将圆台上端的冲裁圆片向左推至卡固件内,冲裁圆片的左端抵紧卡固件的左端,即相当于冲裁圆片夹固于卡固件内,且冲裁圆片位于拉伸通孔的正上方,然后在推料电动推杆的作用下,推料板回至原始位置,紧接着通过地置带动滑块带动侧架向左运动,拉伸模、卡固件及其夹固的冲裁圆片同步向左运动,地置电动滑块运动至最大位移处,此时冲裁圆片位于拉伸通孔的正下方,随后通过压制电动滑块带动架板向下运动,圆环板、拉伸头、拉伸气缸和固连板均同步向下运动,直至圆环板压制冲裁圆片,然后通过拉伸气缸向下推动拉伸头,拉伸头依次穿过拉伸通孔和圆环板而对冲裁圆片进行拉伸处理,冲裁圆片最终成型为带肩套筒壳。In advance, by adjusting the electric slider to drive the template to move up or down, the template drives the synchronous movement of the inner mill, so as to adjust the distance between the upper end face of the inner mill and the upper end face of the drawing die, that is, to adjust the depth of stretching according to production requirements. , push the ejector plate to the left through the pusher electric push rod, and the ejector plate pushes the punching disc at the upper end of the round table to the left into the clamping member, and the left end of the punching disc is pressed against the left end of the clamping member, which is equivalent to punching The cutting disc is clamped in the clamp, and the punching disc is located just above the stretching through hole, and then under the action of the pusher electric push rod, the pusher plate returns to the original position, and then drives the sliding plate through the ground. The block drives the side frame to move to the left, the drawing die, the clamp and the clamped blanking disc move to the left synchronously, and the ground-mounted electric slider moves to the maximum displacement position. At this time, the blanking disc is located in the drawing through hole. Right below the plate, then the frame plate is moved downward by pressing the electric slider, and the ring plate, the stretching head, the stretching cylinder and the fixing plate are all moved downward synchronously, until the ring plate presses the blanking disc, and then passes The stretching cylinder pushes the stretching head downward, and the stretching head passes through the stretching through hole and the annular plate in turn to stretch the punched wafer, and the punched wafer is finally formed into a shouldered sleeve shell.
带肩套筒壳成型后,通过压制电动滑块和拉伸气缸使圆环板和拉伸头回至原始位置,然后通过顶出电动推杆向上推动顶出板,顶出板将成型的带肩套筒壳向上顶出拉动通孔,随后工人将带肩套筒壳取走,随后通过顶出电动推杆使顶出板向下回至原始位置,顶出板的上端面与内模的上端面齐平,且此时顶出电动推杆的收缩位移最大。After the shouldered sleeve shell is formed, the ring plate and the stretching head are returned to the original position by pressing the electric slider and the stretching cylinder, and then the ejecting plate is pushed upward by the ejecting electric push rod, and the ejecting plate will push the formed belt. The shoulder sleeve shell pushes out the pull-through hole upwards, and then the worker removes the shoulder sleeve shell, and then pushes out the electric push rod to return the ejector plate down to the original position, and the upper end face of the ejector plate and the inner mold The upper end surface is flush, and the retraction displacement of the ejector electric push rod is the largest at this time.
优选技术方案一:所述冲压头的上端安装有圆形杆,圆形杆与开设在吊装板上端面的螺纹孔之间通过螺纹配合方式相连,圆形杆的上端面位于吊装板的上方,圆形杆的左右两侧对称布置有耳板,耳板安装在吊装板的上端面,耳板与圆形杆的上端之间卡接有纵向轴,所述卡固件由左侧板、横侧板和卡固销组成,左侧板安装在拉伸模的上端面,左侧板的左端面开设有移动通槽,拉伸通孔上方的前后两侧对称布置有横侧板,横侧板的左端卡接在移动通槽内,左侧板的上端面开设有卡固通孔,横侧板的左端与卡固通孔之间插接有卡固销,卡固销的数量少于卡固通孔的数量,通过人工卸下纵向轴,然后将圆形杆和冲压头整体从吊装板上卸下,随后更换不同直径的冲压头,此冲压头连带圆形杆,更换后的冲压头的尺寸依然小于冲孔的内径,避免出现冲裁圆片尺寸超出冲孔尺寸,紧接着再次通过人工依次安装冲压头与圆形杆整体和纵向轴,接下来,在通过人工抽出卡固销后,再通过人工相对或相背移动横侧板至相应位置,之后再将卡固销卡入卡固通孔内以固定横侧板,如此一来,横侧板之间的距离与冲压头的直径相适配,继而生产装置整体可成型的冲裁件的尺寸范围得到了扩大。Preferred technical solution 1: a circular rod is installed on the upper end of the punching head, the circular rod is connected with the threaded hole opened on the end surface of the hoisting plate by means of threaded fitting, and the upper end surface of the circular rod is located above the hoisting plate, The left and right sides of the circular rod are symmetrically arranged with lugs, the lugs are installed on the upper end face of the hoisting plate, and a longitudinal shaft is clamped between the lugs and the upper end of the circular rod. It consists of a plate and a clamping pin. The left plate is installed on the upper end face of the drawing die. The left end face of the left plate is provided with a moving through slot. The front and rear sides above the drawing through hole are symmetrically arranged with horizontal side plates. The left end of the side plate is clamped in the moving through slot, the upper end surface of the left side plate is provided with a clamping through hole, and a clamping pin is inserted between the left end of the lateral side plate and the clamping through hole, and the number of clamping pins is less than that of the card The number of fixed through holes, manually remove the longitudinal shaft, then remove the circular rod and punch head from the lifting plate as a whole, and then replace the punch head with different diameters. The size of the punching hole is still smaller than the inner diameter of the punching hole, so as to avoid the punching disc size exceeding the punching hole size, and then manually install the punching head and the circular rod as a whole and the longitudinal axis in turn. Next, after manually pulling out the clamping pin , and then manually move the lateral side plates to the corresponding position relative to each other, and then snap the clamping pins into the clamping through holes to fix the lateral side plates. In this way, the distance between the lateral side plates and the punching head The diameters are adapted, thereby expanding the size range of the punched parts that can be formed as a whole in the production plant.
优选技术方案二:所述冲压台的上端面设有两个侧位板,两个侧位板关于冲孔前后对称排布,侧位板可对输送的加工材料起到导向和限位的作用,以此来避免加工材料表面的冲裁点与冲压头之间出现位置偏差,提高冲裁精度。Preferred technical solution 2: The upper end face of the punching table is provided with two side plates, the two side plates are symmetrically arranged before and after the punching hole, and the side plates can guide and limit the conveyed processing materials. , in order to avoid the positional deviation between the punching point on the surface of the processed material and the punching head, and improve the punching accuracy.
优选技术方案三:所述侧位板的前后两端对称安装有延伸板,延伸板的下端与冲压台的侧端之间连接有调距电动滑块,在加工材料的横向尺寸发生改变时,为了保证加工材料表面的冲裁点与冲孔正对接,保持冲裁精度,可通过调距电动滑块带动延伸板相对或相背运动,以此来调整侧位板之间的距离。Preferred technical solution 3: Extension plates are installed symmetrically at the front and rear ends of the side plate, and a distance-adjustable electric slider is connected between the lower end of the extension plate and the side end of the punching table. When the lateral size of the processing material changes, In order to ensure that the punching point on the surface of the processing material is directly connected to the punching hole and maintain the punching accuracy, the distance between the side plates can be adjusted by adjusting the distance of the electric slider to drive the extension plates to move relative to or opposite to each other.
优选技术方案四:所述侧架的相背端面和冲压台的上端面前后两端均刻制有刻度线条,在借助侧架相背端面上的刻度线条的情况下,可准确控制调整电动滑块与模板整体的移动距离,即准确控制内模上端面与拉伸模上端面之间的距离,继而控制拉伸深度,同时也便于同步记录移动距离的数值,以此来保证同批成型件的拉伸深度的均匀性与统一性。Preferred technical solution 4: The opposite end face of the side frame and the upper end of the punching table are engraved with scale lines on the front and rear ends. With the help of the scale lines on the opposite end faces of the side frame, the electric sliding can be accurately controlled and adjusted. The moving distance of the block and the template as a whole, that is, to accurately control the distance between the upper end face of the inner mold and the upper end face of the drawing die, and then control the drawing depth, and it is also convenient to synchronously record the value of the moving distance, so as to ensure the same batch of moldings. The uniformity and uniformity of the drawing depth.
优选技术方案五:所述冲压头的前侧布置有倾斜电动推杆,倾斜电动推杆固定端朝前倾斜,倾斜电动推杆安装在吊装板的下端面,倾斜电动推杆推出端为圆球状,冲裁完成后,通过出料电动推杆带动圆台向下运动,同时通过冲压气缸使冲压头再向下运动,以使冲裁圆片脱离冲裁边料,紧接着,倾斜电动推杆向下伸长至其圆球状端压制冲裁边料,随后通过冲压气缸使冲压头向上回至原始位置,在此过程中,冲压头与冲裁边料之间存在接触并发生摩擦,而借助倾斜电动推杆来压制冲裁边料可避免出现冲裁边料被冲压头带起的情况,继而避免影响加工材料的平整度,降低冲裁质量。Preferred technical solution five: the front side of the punching head is arranged with an inclined electric push rod, the fixed end of the inclined electric push rod is inclined forward, the inclined electric push rod is installed on the lower end surface of the hoisting plate, and the push-out end of the inclined electric push rod is spherical , After the blanking is completed, the round table is driven downward by the discharging electric push rod, and the punching head is moved downward again by the punching cylinder, so that the blanking wafer is separated from the blanking material. Then, the electric push rod is tilted toward the Extend down to its spherical end to press the blanking material, and then the punching head is returned to the original position by the punching cylinder. During this process, there is contact and friction between the punching head and the blanking material. The use of electric push rods to suppress the blanking blanks can avoid the situation that the blanking blanks are carried up by the punching head, thereby avoiding affecting the flatness of the processed materials and reducing the blanking quality.
优选技术方案六:所述压制电动滑块的相背端安装有外凸板,外凸板的左下方布置有矩形块,回型块安装在置地架的相背端,矩形块的相背端从上往下等距离卡接有横条,通过人工向右推动单个横条,以使横条的右端位于外凸板的下方,然后通过压制电动滑块带动架板与内模向下运动,外凸板随压制电动滑块同步向下运动,当外凸板接触横条的右端后,压制电动滑块停止运动,此时圆环板正好压制冲裁圆片,根据冲裁圆片的厚度来选择相应位置的横条,以此使外凸板与横条接触时,圆环板以适当的力度压制冲裁圆片,避免压制过度造成冲裁圆片于拉伸前发生额外变形。Preferred technical solution 6: the opposite end of the pressing electric slider is installed with an outer convex plate, a rectangular block is arranged on the lower left of the outer convex plate, the return block is installed on the opposite end of the floor frame, and the opposite end of the rectangular block is arranged The horizontal bars are clamped at equal distances from top to bottom, and a single horizontal bar is manually pushed to the right so that the right end of the horizontal bar is located below the outer convex plate, and then the frame plate and the inner mold are moved downward by pressing the electric slider. The outer convex plate moves downward synchronously with the pressing electric slider. When the outer convex plate touches the right end of the horizontal bar, the pressing electric slider stops moving. At this time, the circular ring plate just presses the blanking wafer. To select the horizontal bar at the corresponding position, so that when the outer convex plate is in contact with the horizontal bar, the circular ring plate presses the punched disc with appropriate force, so as to avoid excessive deformation of the punched disc before stretching.
优选技术方案七:所述拉伸头的上端安装有凹块,凹块安装在固连板的下端,拉伸头的上端面开设有内冲通孔,内冲通孔内滑动安装有内冲头,内冲头的上端面与固连板的下端面之间连接有内冲电动推杆,内冲电动推杆位于凹块内部,拉伸操作完成后,拉伸头与成型件暂时不分离,然后通过内冲电动推杆先使内冲头向上运动再向下运动来对成型的拉伸件的底端进行冲裁处理,随后通过拉伸气缸使拉伸头、内冲头和内冲电动推杆整体向上回至原始位置,在采用内冲头和内冲电动推杆的情况下,拉伸件同时具备有拉伸和内冲裁两种功能,继而通过单个生产装置便可实现底端带有通孔的带肩套筒壳的成型,生产成本得到了一定的降低。Preferred technical solution seven: the upper end of the stretching head is installed with a concave block, the concave block is installed on the lower end of the fixing plate, the upper end face of the stretching head is provided with an inner punching through hole, and an inner punching hole is slidably installed in the inner punching through hole The inner punch electric push rod is connected between the upper end face of the inner punch and the lower end face of the fixing plate. The inner punch electric push rod is located inside the concave block. After the stretching operation is completed, the stretching head and the forming part are not separated temporarily. , and then use the inner punch electric push rod to move the inner punch upward and then downward to punch the bottom end of the formed stretch piece, and then use the stretching cylinder to make the stretching head, inner punch and inner punch. The electric push rod returns to the original position as a whole. In the case of using the inner punch and the inner punch electric push rod, the stretcher has two functions of stretching and inner punching at the same time, and then the bottom can be realized through a single production device. The molding of the shouldered sleeve shell with the through hole at the end reduces the production cost to a certain extent.
优选技术方案八:侧位板的相对端通过销轴自前向后等距离转动安装有侧边轴,在加工材料向左输送期间,侧边轴与加工材料之间产生滚动摩擦,以此来可降低加工材料的运动阻力,提高加工材料与侧位板之间运动的顺畅度。Preferred technical solution 8: The opposite end of the side plate is installed with a side shaft equidistantly from the front to the back through the pin shaft. Reduce the movement resistance of the processing material and improve the smoothness of the movement between the processing material and the side plate.
本发明具备以下有益效果:1、本发明采用的冲压部可自行完成加工材料的冲裁与冲裁后的出料操作,与通过人工完成冲裁后的出料操作相比,前者可避免出现装置误伤工人的状况,同时整体的生产效率也有所提升,本发明所采取的拉伸部与人工结构的方式来完成成型件的出料,此方式与通过人工直接取出的方式相比,可有效的避免成型件在出料期间发生额外变形的几率,同时也便于人工更为快速的拾取成型件,提高生产效率,同时在靠运料件衔接冲压部和拉伸件的情况下,冲压产生的半成品可与拉伸件的工作端自动准确对接,无需增加人工放置的步骤,因而拉伸成型的精度可得到提高。The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The punching part adopted in the present invention can automatically complete the punching of the processing material and the discharging operation after punching. Compared with the manual discharging operation after punching, the former can avoid the occurrence of The device accidentally injures the worker, and the overall production efficiency is also improved. The method of the drawing part and the artificial structure adopted in the present invention completes the discharging of the molded part. It avoids the possibility of additional deformation of the formed parts during discharge, and also facilitates manual picking up of the formed parts more quickly, improving production efficiency. The semi-finished product can be automatically and accurately docked with the working end of the drawing piece, without adding manual placement steps, so the precision of drawing forming can be improved.
2、本发明选择顶出电动推杆和顶出板的组合来完成成型件的出料操作,而非选择顶出电动推杆和内模的组合的原因是:为了在内模上端面与拉伸模上端面之间的距离,即拉伸深度已得到调整的情况下,避免因多次移动拉伸模而使拉伸深度出现偏差。2. In the present invention, the combination of the ejector electric push rod and the ejector plate is selected to complete the discharging operation of the molded part, rather than the combination of the ejector electric push rod and the inner mold. When the distance between the upper end faces of the drawing dies, that is, the drawing depth, has been adjusted, it is possible to avoid deviations in the drawing depth due to multiple movements of the drawing dies.
3、本发明设置的侧位板可在加工材料的横向尺寸发生改变时进行位置调整,保证加工材料表面的冲裁点与冲孔正对接,保持冲裁精度。3. The lateral position plate provided by the present invention can adjust the position when the lateral dimension of the processing material changes, so as to ensure that the punching point on the surface of the processing material is directly connected to the punching hole and maintain the punching accuracy.
4、本发明中的圆环板的下行距离可借助横条和外凸板来进行限制,以此避免圆环板过度压制冲裁圆片,而使冲裁圆片于拉伸前发生额外变形。4. The descending distance of the circular ring plate in the present invention can be limited by the horizontal bars and the outer convex plate, so as to prevent the circular ring plate from over pressing the punched wafer, and causing the punched wafer to be additionally deformed before being stretched .
5、本发明通过倾斜电动推杆来压制冲裁边料,以此避免出现冲裁边料被上行的冲压头带起的情况,继而避免影响加工材料的平整度,降低冲裁质量。5. The present invention suppresses the blanking material by tilting the electric push rod, so as to avoid the situation that the blanking material is carried up by the upward punching head, thereby avoiding affecting the flatness of the processed material and reducing the blanking quality.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1为本发明的立体结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
图2为图1的剖视图。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 .
图3为冲压部和运料件的平面结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the stamping part and the material conveying part.
图4为冲压部的立体结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the punching part.
图5为图5的剖视图。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 .
图6为吊装板、冲压头、倾斜电动推杆、圆形杆和纵向轴的立体结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a hoisting plate, a punching head, an inclined electric push rod, a circular rod and a longitudinal shaft.
图7为推料板、推料电动推杆和冲压台的立体结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the ejector plate, the ejector electric push rod and the punching table.
图8为冲压台、侧位板、延伸板和调距电动滑块的立体结构示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a stamping table, a side plate, an extension plate and a distance-adjustable electric slider.
图9为运料件的立体结构示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the material transporter.
图10为图9的剖视图。FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 .
图11为拉伸模和卡固件的立体结构示意图。Fig. 11 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a drawing die and a clamping member.
图12为顶出板、内模和顶出电动推杆的立体结构示意图。FIG. 12 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an ejector plate, an inner mold and an ejector electric push rod.
图13为拉伸件和横条的立体结构示意图。Figure 13 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a tensile member and a horizontal bar.
图14为图13的剖视图。FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 13 .
图15为拉伸头、拉伸气缸、圆环板和内冲电动推杆的立体结构示意图。Fig. 15 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the stretching head, the stretching cylinder, the annular plate and the inner punch electric push rod.
图16为内冲头、拉伸头和内冲电动推杆整体的剖视图。Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the whole of the inner punch, the drawing head and the inner punch electric push rod.
图17为本发明生产的温度传感器外壳的立体结构示意图。FIG. 17 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the temperature sensor housing produced by the present invention.
图中:1、冲压部;2、拉伸部;10、冲压台;11、冲压气缸;12、冲压头;13、吊装板;14、圆台;15、出料电动推杆;16、推料板;17、推料电动推杆;20、运料件;21、拉伸件;200、拉伸模;201、内模;202、顶出板;203、顶出电动推杆;204、侧架;205、调整电动滑块;230、卡固件;231、模板;206、地置电动滑块;210、置地架;211、圆环板;212、压制电动滑块;213、拉伸头;214、拉伸气缸;120、圆形杆;121、纵向轴;232、左侧板;233、横侧板;234、卡固销;100、侧位板;101、延伸板;102、调距电动滑块;122、倾斜电动推杆;24、外凸板;240、横条;241、内冲头;242、内冲电动推杆;103、侧边轴。In the figure: 1. Stamping section; 2. Stretching section; 10. Stamping table; 11. Stamping cylinder; 12. Stamping head; 13. Lifting plate; 14. Round table; plate; 17, pusher electric push rod; 20, material conveying part; 21, drawing part; 200, drawing die; 201, inner mold; 202, ejector plate; 203, ejector electric push rod; 204, side frame; 205, adjusting the electric slider; 230, clamping part; 231, template; 206, ground electric slider; 210, ground frame; 211, ring plate; 212, pressing electric slider; 213, stretching head; 214, stretching cylinder; 120, circular rod; 121, longitudinal axis; 232, left side plate; 233, lateral side plate; 234, clamping pin; 100, side plate; 101, extension plate; 102, distance adjustment Electric slider; 122, inclined electric push rod; 24, outer convex plate; 240, horizontal bar; 241, inner punch; 242, inner punch electric push rod; 103, side shaft.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
参阅图1、图2和图3,一种温度传感器生产装置,包括冲压部1和拉伸部2,所述冲压部1位于拉伸部2的正左侧,冲压部1和拉伸部2均安装在地面上。Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, a temperature sensor production device includes a punching
参阅图2、图3、图4、图5和图7,所述冲压部1包括冲压台10、冲压气缸11和冲压头12,冲压台10安装在地面上,冲压台10的上端安装有安装架,安装架的上端前后对称安装有冲压气缸11,冲压气缸11推出端之间连接有吊装板13,吊装板13的中部从前往后等距离设有冲压头12,冲压头12的正下方布置有冲孔,冲孔开设在冲压台10的上端,冲孔内滑动安装有圆台14,圆台14安装在同一个水平板的上端,水平板下端与地面之间连接有出料电动推杆15,水平板右侧布置有推料板16,推料板16右侧安装有推料电动推杆17,推料电动推杆17固定端与安装在冲压台10下端的固定板相连,加工材料自前向后输送,加工材料的下端面与冲压台10的上端面接触,加工材料的输送与冲压操作呈间歇进行状态,加工材料暂停输送时,通过冲压气缸11向下推动冲压头12,冲压头12对加工材料进行冲裁处理,冲裁完成后,通过出料电动推杆15带动圆台14向下运动,同时通过冲压气缸11使冲压头12再向下运动,以使冲裁圆片脱离冲裁边料,紧接着,通过冲压气缸11使冲压头12向上回至原始位置,加工材料继续向后输送,圆台14携带冲裁圆片继续向下运动,直至出料电动推杆15不可再收缩,此时推料板16位于圆台14的上方,随后通过推料电动推杆17向左推动推料板16,推料板16将圆台14上端的冲裁圆片向左推至拉伸部2的工作范围内,接下来,通过推料电动推杆17、出料电动推杆15使推料板16和圆台14回至原始位置,先前继续向左输送的加工材料再次暂停输送,随后重复上述操作完成下一批次的冲裁加工。2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 7 , the punching
在设置有出料电动推杆15、圆台14、推料电动推杆17和推料板16的情况下,冲压部1可自行完成加工材料的冲裁与冲裁后的出料操作,与通过人工完成冲裁后的出料操作相比,前者可避免出现装置误伤工人的状况,同时整体的生产效率也有所提升。In the case where the discharging
参阅图4、图5、图6、图9和图11,所述冲压头12的上端安装有圆形杆120,圆形杆120与开设在吊装板13上端面的螺纹孔之间通过螺纹配合方式相连,圆形杆120的上端面位于吊装板13的上方,圆形杆120的左右两侧对称布置有耳板,耳板安装在吊装板13的上端面,耳板与圆形杆120的上端之间卡接有纵向轴121,所述卡固件230由左侧板232、横侧板233和卡固销234组成,左侧板232安装在拉伸模200的上端面,左侧板232的左端面开设有移动通槽,拉伸通孔上方的前后两侧对称布置有横侧板233,横侧板233的左端卡接在移动通槽内,左侧板232的上端面开设有卡固通孔,横侧板233的左端与卡固通孔之间插接有卡固销234,卡固销234的数量少于卡固通孔的数量,通过人工卸下纵向轴121,然后将圆形杆120和冲压头12整体从吊装板13上卸下,随后更换不同直径的冲压头12,此冲压头12连带圆形杆120,更换后的冲压头12的尺寸依然小于冲孔的内径,避免出现冲裁圆片尺寸超出冲孔尺寸,紧接着再次通过人工依次安装冲压头12与圆形杆120整体和纵向轴121,接下来,在通过人工抽出卡固销234后,再通过人工相对或相背移动横侧板233至相应位置,之后再将卡固销234卡入卡固通孔内以固定横侧板233,如此一来,横侧板233之间的距离与冲压头12的直径相适配,继而生产装置整体可成型的冲裁件的尺寸范围得到了扩大。Referring to FIGS. 4 , 5 , 6 , 9 and 11 , a
参阅图4和图8,所述冲压台10的上端面设有两个侧位板100,两个侧位板100关于冲孔前后对称排布,侧位板100可对输送的加工材料起到导向和限位的作用,以此来避免加工材料表面的冲裁点与冲压头12之间出现位置偏差,提高冲裁精度。Referring to FIGS. 4 and 8 , the upper end surface of the punching table 10 is provided with two
参阅图8,所述侧位板100的前后两端对称安装有延伸板101,延伸板101的下端与冲压台10的侧端之间连接有调距电动滑块102,在加工材料的横向尺寸发生改变时,为了保证加工材料表面的冲裁点与冲孔正对接,保持冲裁精度,可通过调距电动滑块102带动延伸板101相对或相背运动,以此来调整侧位板100之间的距离。Referring to FIG. 8 , an
参阅图图5和图6,所述冲压头12的前侧布置有倾斜电动推杆122,倾斜电动推杆122固定端朝前倾斜,倾斜电动推杆122安装在吊装板13的下端面,倾斜电动推杆122推出端为圆球状,冲裁完成后,通过出料电动推杆15带动圆台14向下运动,同时通过冲压气缸11使冲压头12再向下运动,以使冲裁圆片脱离冲裁边料,紧接着,倾斜电动推杆122向下伸长至其圆球状端压制冲裁边料,随后通过冲压气缸11使冲压头12向上回至原始位置,在此过程中,冲压头12与冲裁边料之间存在接触并发生摩擦,而借助倾斜电动推杆122来压制冲裁边料可避免出现冲裁边料被冲压头12带起的情况,继而避免影响加工材料的平整度,降低冲裁质量。5 and 6 , the front side of the punching
参阅图8,所述侧位板100的相对端通过销轴自前向后等距离转动安装有侧边轴103,在加工材料向左输送期间,侧边轴103与加工材料之间产生滚动摩擦,以此来可降低加工材料的运动阻力,提高加工材料与侧位板100之间运动的顺畅度。Referring to FIG. 8 , the opposite end of the
参阅图2、图9、图10、图12、图13、图14、图15和图16,所述拉伸部2包括运料件20和拉伸件21,运料件20位于拉伸件21的右侧,所述运料件20包括拉伸模200、内模201、顶出板202、顶出电动推杆203、侧架204和调整电动滑块205,拉伸模200的上端面与推料板16的下端面齐平,拉伸模200的上端面从前往后等距离开设有拉伸通孔,拉伸模200的上端设有卡固件230,拉伸通孔位于卡固件230中心正下方,拉伸通孔内滑动安装有为空心结构的内模201,内模201安装在同一个模板231上,内模201内滑动安装有顶出板202,顶出板202的下端安装有顶出电动推杆203,顶出电动推杆203的下端与同一个杆板相连,杆板上端与模板231的下端面相连,拉伸模200的前后两端对称安装有侧架204,模板231的侧端与侧架204之间连接有调整电动滑块205,侧架204的下端与地面之间连接有地置电动滑块206,所述拉伸件21包括置地架210、圆环板211、压制电动滑块212、拉伸头213和拉伸气缸214,置地架210前后对称安装在地面上,置地架210的上端安装有压制电动滑块212,压制电动滑块212之间连接有从前往后等距离开设有拉动通孔的架板,拉动通孔的正下方布置有内径与拉动通孔直径相等的圆环板211,圆环板211通过圆柱安装在架板的下端,拉动通孔的正上方布置有拉伸头213,架板上端面前后对称安装有拉伸气缸214,拉伸气缸214推出端之间连接有固连板,拉伸头213设于固连板的下端。Referring to Figure 2, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15 and Figure 16, the stretching
事先通过调整电动滑块205带动模板231向上或向下运动,模板231带动内磨同步运动,以此来调整内磨上端面与拉伸模200上端面之间的距离,即根据生产要求来调整拉伸的深度,通过推料电动推杆17向左推动推料板16,推料板16将圆台14上端的冲裁圆片向左推至卡固件230内,冲裁圆片的左端抵紧卡固件230的左端,即相当于冲裁圆片夹固于卡固件230内,且冲裁圆片位于拉伸通孔的正上方,然后在推料电动推杆17的作用下,推料板16回至原始位置,紧接着通过地置带动滑块带动侧架204向左运动,拉伸模200、卡固件230及其夹固的冲裁圆片同步向左运动,地置电动滑块206运动至最大位移处,此时冲裁圆片位于拉伸通孔的正下方,随后通过压制电动滑块212带动架板向下运动,圆环板211、拉伸头213、拉伸气缸214和固连板均同步向下运动,直至圆环板211压制冲裁圆片,然后通过拉伸气缸214向下推动拉伸头213,拉伸头213依次穿过拉伸通孔和圆环板211而对冲裁圆片进行拉伸处理,冲裁圆片最终成型为带肩套筒壳。In advance, by adjusting the
参阅图17,带肩套筒壳成型后,通过压制电动滑块212和拉伸气缸214使圆环板211和拉伸头213回至原始位置,然后通过顶出电动推杆203向上推动顶出板202,顶出板202将成型的带肩套筒壳向上顶出拉动通孔,随后工人将带肩套筒壳取走,随后通过顶出电动推杆203使顶出板202向下回至原始位置,顶出板202的上端面与内模201的上端面齐平,且此时顶出电动推杆203的收缩位移最大。Referring to FIG. 17 , after the shouldered sleeve shell is formed, the
因为成型件位于拉伸模200外的部分较少,人工与成型件上的拾取作用面积窄,所以,采用顶出电动推杆203、顶出板202和人工配合来实现成型件的出料的方式与采用人工直接拾取的方式相比,前者可有效的避免成型件在出料期间发生额外变形的几率,同时也便于人工更为快速的拾取成型件,提高生产效率。Because the part of the molded part outside the drawing die 200 is small, and the pickup area between the manual and the molded part is narrow, the ejection
选择顶出电动推杆203和顶出板202的组合来完成成型件的出料操作,而非选择顶出电动推杆203和内模201的组合的原因是:为了在内模201上端面与拉伸模200上端面之间的距离,即拉伸深度已得到调整的情况下,避免因多次移动拉伸模200而使拉伸深度出现偏差。The reason why the combination of the ejector
参阅图8和图9,所述侧架204的相背端面和冲压台10的上端面前后两端均刻制有刻度线条,在借助侧架204相背端面上的刻度线条的情况下,可准确控制调整电动滑块205与模板231整体的移动距离,即准确控制内模201上端面与拉伸模200上端面之间的距离,继而控制拉伸深度,同时也便于同步记录移动距离的数值,以此来保证同批成型件的拉伸深度的均匀性与统一性。8 and 9, scale lines are engraved on the opposite end face of the
参阅图13,所述压制电动滑块212的相背端安装有外凸板24,外凸板24的左下方布置有矩形块,回型块安装在置地架210的相背端,矩形块的相背端从上往下等距离卡接有横条240,通过人工向右推动单个横条240,以使横条240的右端位于外凸板24的下方,然后通过压制电动滑块212带动架板与内模201向下运动,外凸板24随压制电动滑块212同步向下运动,当外凸板24接触横条240的右端后,压制电动滑块212停止运动,此时圆环板211正好压制冲裁圆片,根据冲裁圆片的厚度来选择相应位置的横条240,以此使外凸板24与横条240接触时,圆环板211以适当的力度压制冲裁圆片,避免压制过度造成冲裁圆片于拉伸前发生额外变形。Referring to FIG. 13 , an outer
参阅图13、图14和图15,所述拉伸头213的上端安装有凹块,凹块安装在固连板的下端,拉伸头213的上端面开设有内冲通孔,内冲通孔内滑动安装有内冲头241,内冲头241的上端面与固连板的下端面之间连接有内冲电动推杆242,内冲电动推杆242位于凹块内部,拉伸操作完成后,拉伸头213与成型件暂时不分离,然后通过内冲电动推杆242先使内冲头241向上运动再向下运动来对成型的拉伸件21的底端进行冲裁处理,随后通过拉伸气缸214使拉伸头213、内冲头241和内冲电动推杆242整体向上回至原始位置,在采用内冲头241和内冲电动推杆242的情况下,拉伸件21同时具备有拉伸和内冲裁两种功能,继而通过单个生产装置便可实现底端带有通孔的带肩套筒壳的成型,生产成本得到了一定的降低。13, 14 and 15, a concave block is installed on the upper end of the stretching
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
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