CN114868590A

CN114868590A - Method for accelerating forest cultivation of acer truncatum on barren mountains

Info

Publication number: CN114868590A
Application number: CN202210572807.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任红剑; 杨雪; 张庆凯; 王光军; 李德强; 魏俊鹏
Original assignee: Ningyang County State Owned Xingshan Forest Farm
Current assignee: Ningyang County State Owned Xingshan Forest Farm
Priority date: 2022-05-25
Filing date: 2022-05-25
Publication date: 2022-08-09

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accelerating afforestation in barren hills of Yuanbao maple, and relates to the field of barren mountain afforestation. The container seedlings of Yuanbao maple are used as transplanting seedlings for barren mountain afforestation. The cost of raising seedlings, and the container seedlings cultivated with such matrix materials have developed roots and a high survival rate; the seedlings are selected in state-owned mountain forest farms, and the habitat difference with the afforestation sites is small, which reduces the slow seedling period of seedlings and is easy to survive. It has been verified by practice. The survival rate of container seedlings cultivated in the early stage of the present invention is more than 85%, and after afforestation and replanting methods, the survival rate of seedlings is as high as 98% or more, and the performance characteristics are good, which is completed 2-3 years earlier than the conventional method of afforestation of Yuanbao maple and barren hills, which saves money. A lot of financial and material resources have achieved the purpose of ecological restoration and land greening, and then achieved the effect of forest landscape, which is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

Description

Method for accelerating forest cultivation of acer truncatum on barren mountains

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of afforestation on barren mountains, in particular to a method for accelerating the afforestation of a barren mountain of acer truncatum.

Background

The acer truncatum bunge has gorgeous leaf color in autumn and excellent ornamental effect, can green and beautify the barren mountains and is listed as an important barren mountain afforestation tree species. The traditional barren mountain afforestation mode has the defects of high cost, low survival rate and poor afforestation effect at present. Conventionally, the conventional cultivation of acer truncatum barren mountains is usually carried out by directly feeding 2-3-year-old naked-root seedlings to the mountains, the phenomena of seedling damage and root breaking often occur in the process, and even if the seedlings survive, the phenomena of poor growth and development and weak growth vigor also occur to form a poor-disabled forest.

The method has the advantages that the barren mountain forest cultivation and the common seedling breeding cultivation have obvious difference, the acer truncatum is used as common garden trees and is mostly cultivated in a garden nursery, the water and fertilizer management in the nursery is scientific, the substrate materials are all purchased finished product materials, the cultivated seedlings are like flowers in a greenhouse, the ecological environment of a barren mountain area is fragile, the afforestation difficulty coefficient is large, the conventional nursery management cannot be provided, and the cultivated acer truncatum seedlings also need the introduction and domestication process of the barren mountain area. Therefore, the Acer truncatum Bunge has fewer examples for large-scale afforestation on barren mountains and has lower survival rate.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for accelerating the forest cultivation of the Acer truncatum on the barren mountains, 1-2-year-old Acer truncatum container seedlings are selected, the substrate material for breeding has high nutritive value, good air permeability and no purchase cost, the seedlings have developed root systems and high survival rates, the growth of forest trees is accelerated, and the forest establishment period is shortened.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for accelerating the afforestation of Acer truncatum deserts is realized by the following steps:

1) picking fruits, selecting excellent single Acer truncatum plants which grow robustly and have plump fruits in urban areas in autumn, picking the fruits by using high-branch scissors in an auxiliary way without damaging tree types, putting the fruits into a net bag, and placing the net bag at a cool and ventilated place;

2) storing in sand for accelerating germination, soaking seeds in 30-40 deg.C warm water for 24 hr to make the seeds fully absorb water, mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, treating, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C; placing the sand-stored acer truncatum seeds in a room within 30-40 days before sowing and seedling raising, and performing illumination treatment on the acer truncatum seeds until about 80% of the acer truncatum seeds are exposed to be white, and preparing for sowing;

3) sowing and raising seedlings in containers, wherein seedling raising places are in mountain forests in China, a substrate material which is high in organic matter content, good in air permeability, strong in water absorption and well vomited and impacted by mountain in rainy seasons is selected and uniformly mixed with river sand according to the proportion of 3:1, the prepared substrate is placed into the containers to 2/3 of the height of the containers, seeds subjected to germination and whitening exposure are dibbled at the middle positions of the substrate in the seedling raising containers, and then the rest 1/3 in the containers is covered with the substrate for raising seedlings;

4) preparing land and digging holes, selecting middle-low mountain and hilly land with pH value of 6.5-7.5, soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 20 cm, loose soil and good drainage with certain fertility to make forestation before forestation, adopting a fish scale pit land preparation mode, reserving original vegetation outside the fish scale pit, cutting and irrigating to prevent new sand and soil source from rising again;

5) afforesting, namely selecting 1-2 year old acer truncatum bunge container seedlings which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and lignified to carry out afforestation, and adding 1-2g of water-retaining agents at the center of a tree pit during planting;

6) post-planting management, including tending management, pest control and frost damage prevention treatment after afforestation;

7) and (4) replanting, namely, performing dibbling replanting by using a replanting device under the condition of vacancy or seedling shortage.

In the step 2), illumination treatment is carried out on the acer truncatum seeds stored in the sand, the illumination intensity is set to 18000-22000lx, the illumination period is 10-14h of illumination, 10-14h of darkness, and the illumination time is 3-5 days.

The replanting device in the step 7) comprises a small plastic funnel, a hollow bamboo pole and a hollow inclined steel pipe, wherein the small plastic funnel is arranged at the top end of the hollow bamboo pole and communicated with the hollow bamboo pole, the hollow inclined steel pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the hollow bamboo pole and communicated with the hollow bamboo pole, and the bottom inclined plane of the hollow inclined steel pipe is used for being inserted into soil.

The acer truncatum container seedlings are used as transplanted seedlings for afforestation on barren mountains, the breeding substrate of the container seedlings mainly adopts humus black soil washed down from mountain stream, the nutrition value is rich, money is not needed to be bought, the seedling cost is reduced, and the container seedlings cultured by the substrate material have developed root systems and high survival rate; the seedling growing place is selected from a forest farm in a national mountain area, the difference of the habitat of the seedling growing place and the habitat of the forestation place is small, the seedling reviving period of the seedlings is reduced, and the seedlings are easy to survive; through scientific maintenance management measures, the novel additional planting device is matched for the plot lacking seedlings, the afforestation survival rate is improved, the growth of forest trees is accelerated, the afforestation period is shortened, and finally a plant community with a stable forest stand structure is formed; practice proves that the survival rate of the early-stage cultivated container seedlings is more than 85%, the survival rate of the seedlings is more than 98% by the afforestation planting and replanting method, the method is good in performance and property, the method is completed 2-3 years ahead of the conventional afforestation method for the barren mountains of acer truncatum, a large amount of financial resources and material resources are saved, the aims of ecological restoration and national soil greening are fulfilled, the forest landscape effect is achieved, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the replantation device of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:

the invention relates to a method for accelerating forest cultivation of acer truncatum on barren mountains, which is realized by the following steps:

1) harvesting, selecting a good single Acer Truncatum Bunge plant which grows robustly and has plump fruits in the urban area in autumn, harvesting the fruits by using high pruning shears without damaging the tree shape, putting the fruits into a net bag, and placing the net bag in a cool and ventilated place. Therefore, extra traffic is not needed to go back and forth in urban areas, the fruit collecting device is convenient and easy to collect, and the naturally falling fruits can not influence urban sanitation and environment.

2) Storing in sand for accelerating germination, soaking seeds in 30-40 deg.C warm water for 24 hr to make the seeds fully absorb water, mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, mixing the fruits with wet sand (30% water content) at a ratio of 1:1, spraying water every day to keep the river sand moist, keeping the river sand moist in a holding state, and storing the sand-stored acer truncatum seeds in a cold storage box at 4 deg.C; placing the sand-stored acer truncatum seeds in a room (room temperature 20 ℃) within 30-40 days before sowing and seedling raising, carrying out illumination treatment on the acer truncatum seeds, wherein the illumination intensity is set as 18000-22000l.x, the illumination period is 10-14h, 10-14h and 3-5 days, and when about 80% of the acer truncatum seeds are exposed to the white, preparing for sowing.

3) Sowing and seedling raising of container seedlings, wherein seedling raising places are in mountain forests in China, a substrate material which is high in organic matter content, good in air permeability, strong in water absorption and well vomited and impacted by mountain in rainy seasons is selected and uniformly mixed with river sand according to the proportion of 3:1, the prepared substrate is placed into a container to 2/3 of the height of the container, seeds subjected to germination and whitening exposure are dibbled at the middle position of the substrate in the seedling raising container, 1-2 seeds/hole are dibbled, and then the substrate is covered with residual 1/3 in the container for seedling raising so as to be used for afforestation.

4) Preparing land and digging pits, selecting middle-low mountain and hilly land with pH value of 6.5-7.5, soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 20 cm, loose soil and good drainage with certain fertility for afforestation, adopting a fish scale pit land preparation mode, preparing the land with the specification of 0.6-0.8 m long, 0.5-0.6 m wide, 0.3-0.4 m deep, 0.15 m weir width, high outside and low inside of the pit surface, and arranging the upper part and the lower part in a shape of Chinese character pin, and keeping the original vegetation outside the fish scale pits.

5) Afforesting, selecting strong, disease and insect pest free and lignified 1-2 year old acer truncatum seedlings for afforesting, generally planting according to 2m by 2m standard, namely 166 seedlings per mu, and adding 1-2g of water-retaining agent at the center of a tree pit during planting.

6) And (4) post-planting management, including tending management, pest control and frost damage prevention treatment after afforestation.

The tending management comprises: in order to ensure the growth quality and speed of the afforested nursery stock, tending management after construction is enhanced. Timely fostering, felling, replanting, pruning, watering, fertilizing, artificially promoting natural updating, and performing auxiliary operation activities such as cutting irrigation, cutting vine, weeding, ploughing and the like according to actual needs.

The pest control comprises the following steps: on the basis of scientific forest culture, pest control insists on the policy of 'prevention is the main, scientific prevention and control, law control and health promotion', natural enemies are fully utilized, and ecological balance is maintained. The method of combining biological control, artificial control and chemical control is adopted to carry out pollution-free control, so that the control is early and small, and the spread of plant diseases and insect pests is controlled. The diseases of the acer truncatum include brown spot, rust disease, powdery mildew and the like. Therefore, when the acer truncatum bunge is forested, attention should be paid to proper width of seedling spacing, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application is emphasized, nitrogen fertilizer application is lightly performed, and at the early stage of powdery mildew, the acer truncatum bunge can be sprayed by using 800 times of liquid of 50 percent of bacteria removing agent and 700 times of liquid of 70 percent of thiophanate methyl, or 0.3 Baume lime sulphur mixture is applied for sterilization treatment. The main insect pests include longicorn, yellow spiny moth, aphid, looper, etc. Removing aphids by using omethoate, removing looper and the like by using trichomonas sobrinus or fenitrothion; the method is characterized in that a mode of combining manpower with medicines is adopted, nursery stocks with pests are removed in time, branches are trimmed in summer, and the trunks are sprayed with insecticide until liquid medicine flows on barks, and the imagoes are well held in an incubation period, so that the imagoes can be killed by toxic cigarettes, and processing modes such as manual catching and medicament hole plugging can also be adopted; the prevention and control of the acer truncatum aphid should be realized by combining biological prevention and control with chemical agent prevention and control, natural enemies of aphids such as aphid mites and coccinella septempunctata are introduced at the early stage, overwintering insect eggs are killed by adopting lime 5-degree lime sulphur mixture at the later stage, and prevention and control are carried out by using 10% imidacloprid 6000-fold liquid or 1.8% abamectin 6000-fold liquid before the aphids are serious.

The anti-freezing treatment comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that the method of ridging is adopted for freezing prevention, the tree trunk is ridged for 20-30 cm and trampled, and the tree trunk and the root system can be protected by ridging the roots and stems of the tree body. In addition, the part of branches which are obviously frozen and withered is cut off in time to facilitate wound healing, and a whitening agent is sprayed on the wounds caused by freezing in time to prevent burning.

And (4) replanting, namely, performing dibbling replanting by using a replanting device under the condition of vacancy or seedling shortage. When the personnel go up the mountain, the additional planting device and the seeds are held, and seeding and forestation are implemented for vacant land parcels, so that the defects that the time is wasted, the labor is wasted and the cost is high in the conventional ways of manually carrying seedlings to go up the mountain or performing aerial seeding and forestation and the like are overcome.

Preferably, the seeds of Acer truncatum Bunge stored in sand in step 2) are subjected to light treatment, the light intensity is set to 18000 and 22000lx, the light period is 10-14h of light, 10-14h of dark, and the light time is 3-5 days.

Preferably, the replanting device in the step 7) comprises a small plastic funnel 1, a hollow bamboo pole 2 and a hollow inclined steel tube 3, wherein the small plastic funnel 1 is arranged at the top end of the hollow bamboo pole 2 and communicated with the hollow bamboo pole, the hollow inclined steel tube 3 is arranged at the bottom end of the hollow bamboo pole 2 and communicated with the hollow bamboo pole, and the bottom inclined surface of the hollow inclined steel tube 3 is used for being inserted into the soil. When in seeding, seeds are put into the small plastic funnel 1 and enter the hollow inclined steel tube 3 through the hollow bamboo pole 2, the sharp inclined opening at the bottom end of the hollow inclined steel tube 3 is inserted into soil, and the seeds can be dibbled into the soil, so that the seeding is simple and convenient.

Example 1

(1) And (3) cultivating container seedlings: soaking seeds in warm water at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, and storing the acer truncatum seeds stored in the sand at 4 ℃ in a refrigeration box; the acer truncatum seeds stored in sand are placed in a room (room temperature is 20 ℃) 40 days before sowing and seedling raising, and are subjected to illumination treatment, wherein the illumination intensity is set to 20000lx, the illumination period is 12 hours of illumination, the darkness is 12 hours, and the illumination time is 3 days. Selecting a matrix material which is impacted by mountain stream in rainy season and has high organic matter content, good air permeability, strong water absorption and good vomit, uniformly mixing the matrix material with river sand according to the proportion of 3:1, putting the prepared matrix into a container to 2/3 of the height of the container, dibbling the seeds with the white germination accelerating effect at the middle position of the matrix in the seedling container, 1-2 seeds/hole, and then covering the matrix with residual 1/3 in the container.

(2) Implementing forestation: the method adopts a fish scale pit land preparation mode, the finished specifications are that the length is 0.6-0.8 m, the width is 0.5-0.6 m, the depth is more than 0.3-0.4 m, the weir width is 0.15 m, the pit surface is high and low outside, the upper part and the lower part are arranged in a Chinese character pin shape, and the original vegetation outside the fish scale pit is reserved. Selecting 1-2 years lignified acer truncatum container seedlings which are strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests for afforestation, planting the acer truncatum seedlings according to the standard of 1m by 2m, namely 333 seedlings per mu, and adding 1g of water-retaining agent at the center of a tree pit during planting.

(3) Replanting and managing: adopting a replanting device to replant the vacant positions; and (4) post-planting management, including tending management, pest control and frost damage prevention treatment after afforestation.

Example 2:

(1) and (3) cultivating container seedlings: soaking seeds for 24 hours by using warm water at 35 ℃, mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, and placing the acer truncatum seeds stored in the sand in a refrigeration box for storage at 4 ℃; placing the sand-stored acer truncatum seeds in a room (room temperature is 20 ℃) within 30 days before sowing and seedling raising, and carrying out illumination treatment on the acer truncatum seeds, wherein the illumination intensity is set to be 22000lx, the illumination period is 10 hours, the darkness is 14 hours, and the illumination time is 4 days. Selecting a matrix material which is impacted by mountain stream in rainy season and has high organic matter content, good air permeability, strong water absorption and good vomit, uniformly mixing the matrix material with river sand according to the proportion of 3:1, putting the prepared matrix into a container to 2/3 of the height of the container, dibbling the seeds with the white germination accelerating effect at the middle position of the matrix in the seedling container, 1-2 seeds/hole, and then covering the matrix with residual 1/3 in the container.

(2) Implementing forestation: the method adopts a fish scale pit land preparation mode, the finished specifications are that the length is 0.6-0.8 m, the width is 0.5-0.6 m, the depth is more than 0.3-0.4 m, the weir width is 0.15 m, the pit surface is high and low outside, the upper part and the lower part are arranged in a Chinese character pin shape, and the original vegetation outside the fish scale pit is reserved. Selecting 1-2 years lignified container seedlings of Acer truncatum which are strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests for afforestation, planting according to the standard of 2m by 2m, namely 166 seedlings per mu, and adding 1.2g of water-retaining agent at the center of a tree pit during planting.

Example 3:

(1) and (3) cultivating container seedlings: soaking seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, and storing the acer truncatum seeds stored in the sand at 4 ℃ in a refrigeration box; the acer truncatum seeds stored in sand are placed in a room (room temperature is 20 ℃) 35 days before sowing and seedling raising, and are subjected to illumination treatment, wherein the illumination intensity is set to be 18000lx, the illumination period is 14 hours, the darkness is 10 hours, and the illumination time is 4 days. Selecting a matrix material which is impacted by mountain stream in rainy season and has high organic matter content, good air permeability, strong water absorption and good vomit, uniformly mixing the matrix material with river sand according to the proportion of 3:1, putting the prepared matrix into a container to 2/3 of the height of the container, dibbling the seeds with the white germination accelerating effect at the middle position of the matrix in the seedling container, 1-2 seeds/hole, and then covering the matrix with residual 1/3 in the container.

(2) Implementing forestation: the method adopts a fish scale pit land preparation mode, the finished specifications are that the length is 0.6-0.8 m, the width is 0.5-0.6 m, the depth is more than 0.3-0.4 m, the weir width is 0.15 m, the pit surface is high and low outside, the upper part and the lower part are arranged in a Chinese character pin shape, and the original vegetation outside the fish scale pit is reserved. Selecting 1-2 years lignified acer truncatum container seedlings which are strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests for afforestation, planting the acer truncatum seedlings according to the standard of 1m by 2m, namely 333 seedlings per mu, and adding 2g of water-retaining agent at the center of a tree pit during planting.

Example 4:

(1) and (3) cultivating container seedlings: soaking seeds in warm water at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, and storing the acer truncatum seeds stored in the sand at 4 ℃ in a refrigeration box; the acer truncatum seeds stored in sand are placed in a room (room temperature is 20 ℃) 37 days before sowing and seedling raising, and are subjected to illumination treatment, wherein the illumination intensity is set to be 21000lx, the illumination period is illumination for 13 hours, the darkness is 11 hours, and the illumination time is 4 days. Selecting a matrix material which is impacted by mountain stream in rainy season and has high organic matter content, good air permeability, strong water absorption and good vomit, uniformly mixing the matrix material with river sand according to the proportion of 3:1, putting the prepared matrix into a container to 2/3 of the height of the container, dibbling the seeds with the white germination accelerating effect at the middle position of the matrix in the seedling container, 1-2 seeds/hole, and then covering the matrix with residual 1/3 in the container.

(2) Implementing forestation: the method adopts a fish scale pit land preparation mode, the finished specifications are that the length is 0.6-0.8 m, the width is 0.5-0.6 m, the depth is more than 0.3-0.4 m, the weir width is 0.15 m, the pit surface is high and low outside, the upper part and the lower part are arranged in a Chinese character pin shape, and the original vegetation outside the fish scale pit is reserved. Selecting 1-2 years lignified acer truncatum container seedlings which are strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests for afforestation, planting according to the standard of 2m by 2m, namely 166 seedlings per mu, and adding 1.5g of water-retaining agent at the center of a tree hole during planting.

By applying the method, the inventor cultivates 500 containers of container seedlings in 3 months in 2021, the survival rate is 85%, through the seedling management of the invention, the container seedlings are planted in the prepared barren mountains in 11 months, the survival rate reaches 98%, the container seedlings basically survive and have good performance, the seedling lacking land blocks are replanted through a replanting device, the technical method can quickly apply the acer truncatum to barren mountains for forestation, and the forestation effect is good. Practice proves that the invention is the most suitable technical method for rapidly applying the acer truncatum to carry out barren mountain forest cultivation.

It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a method for speeding up the ingot and maple and barren mountains and cultivating forests, is characterized in that, realizes through the following steps:

For fruit harvesting, in autumn, select the excellent single plant of Yuanbao maple with strong growth and full fruit in the urban area. While not destroying the tree shape, use high branch shears to assist in harvesting the fruit, put the fruit into a net bag, and place it in a cool and ventilated place;

For germination in the sand, soak the seeds in warm water at 30-40°C for 24 hours to make the seeds fully absorb water, then mix the soaked seeds with river sand, and store the seeds in the sand in a refrigerator at 4°C. ; Within 30-40 days before sowing and raising seedlings, place the good ingot maple seeds in the sand indoors, and perform light treatment on them. When about 80% of the ingot maple seeds are white, ready for sowing;

Container seedlings are sown and raised, and the seedlings are raised in state-owned mountain forest farms. The substrate materials with high organic matter content, good air permeability, strong water absorption and rotten water impacted by mountain streams in the rainy season are selected and mixed with river sand in a ratio of 3:1. Evenly, the prepared matrix is loaded into the container to 2/3 of the height of the container, and the seeds after the germination and dew whitening are on-demand in the middle position of the matrix in the seedling container, and then the remaining 1/3 in the container is covered with the matrix to raise the seedlings;

Before afforestation, choose medium-low mountain and hilly land with a pH value of 6.5-7.5, a soil layer thickness of ≥20 cm, loose soil, and a certain fertility with good drainage. native vegetation;

For afforestation, select 1-2-year-old Yuanbao maple container seedlings with robust growth, no pests and diseases, and lignified for afforestation, and add 1-2g water-retaining agent in the center of the tree hole when planting;

Post-planting management, including tending management after afforestation, pest control and anti-freezing treatment;

Replanting, in the case of vacancies or lack of seedlings, the replanting device is used for on-demand replanting.

2. The method for accelerating a method for cultivating afforestation in barren mountains of Yuanbaofeng according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), light treatment is performed on the seeds of Yuanbaofeng in the sand, and the illumination intensity is set to 18000-22000lx, and the illumination period is 18000-22000lx. For the light 10-14h, dark 10-14h, the light time is 3-5 days.

3. A method for accelerating the cultivation of afforestation in Yuanbao Fengfeng and barren mountains according to claim 1, wherein the replanting device in step 7) comprises a small plastic funnel (1), a hollow bamboo pole (2) and a hollow inclined plane Steel pipe (3), the plastic small funnel (1) is arranged on the top of the hollow bamboo pole (2) and communicated with it, and the hollow inclined steel tube (3) is arranged on the bottom end of the hollow bamboo pole (2) and communicated with it, so The bottom slope of the hollow sloped steel pipe (3) is used for inserting into the soil.