CN114850643A - Spot welding method for ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate - Google Patents
Spot welding method for ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114850643A CN114850643A CN202110152850.3A CN202110152850A CN114850643A CN 114850643 A CN114850643 A CN 114850643A CN 202110152850 A CN202110152850 A CN 202110152850A CN 114850643 A CN114850643 A CN 114850643A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of spot welding of steel plates and discloses a welding device for ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plates, which comprises a welding tongs transformer, wherein a welding tongs mounting support is fixedly connected to one side of the front surface of the welding tongs transformer, a welding machine static electrode arm is fixedly connected to the upper part of the front end of the welding tongs transformer, a fastening nut is installed inside one side of the welding machine static electrode arm, a welding tongs static holding rod is installed on one side of the welding machine static electrode arm, and an electrode cap is installed on the lower part of the welding tongs static holding rod. According to the spot welding method for the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate, the problems of large welding spot splashing, insufficient strength and the like of the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate are solved by adopting a two-section heating and multi-pulse welding mode by adopting the process disclosed by the invention, the related cooling time CT and welding pulse frequency adjusting ranges are large, the difficulty is reduced for the design and adjustment of different plate combination processes, the debugging period is shortened, and the spot welding method is suitable for various hot-stamped ultrahigh-strength plates and has a remarkable effect on high strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spot welding of steel plates, in particular to a spot welding method of an ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate.
Background
The automotive industry has become an important component affecting global economic commerce. With the increasing of automobiles, the production of automobiles and the use of automobiles generate a large amount of fuel consumption, discharged huge amount of gas and various solid wastes and pollutants, and then generate increasingly serious environmental pollution, so that the energy shortage and the oil price increase greatly in the world are a necessary trend. And the challenges facing the automotive industry will become more and more severe due to increasing environmental pollution and energy shortage. The inevitable trends and quality requirements of modern automotive development therefore mainly include: energy conservation and emission reduction, weight reduction and improvement of safety factor, namely light weight. The method has very important significance for realizing economic sustainable development and energy conservation and environmental protection.
The ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate is mainly applied to security components and structural components, is the most important material for realizing light weight of automobiles and ensuring safety, and therefore has very important significance on the resistance spot welding technological parameters of the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate. Because the hot forming steel has high hardness and high strength, the standard parameter range of the weldability is greatly reduced compared with that of a common steel plate, so that the research on the ideal welding parameter range, the formation mechanism of a welding joint and the welding applicability of different types of welders to the material has very important guiding effect and practical significance for automobile manufacturers to formulate a proper welding process.
Because the process of resistance spot welding is complex, factors influencing the quality of the joint, such as materials, parameters, process factors and the like, are interwoven together, and certain difficulty is brought to quality control. The heavy use of thermoformed parts also exposes, apart from the disadvantages of the process, in particular weld burrs, spatters, etc. The appearance and the production efficiency of the welding spots are seriously influenced. In particular, weld spatter has become a major problem in the production of spot welding processes. There are three types of spot welding spatters: first, when the electrode tip is contaminated, the welding angle is not perpendicular, the surface of the material to be welded is rusted seriously, and the like, surface spatters occur at the initial stage of energization. ② the splashing between plates in the process of forming the nugget. And thirdly, surface splashing occurs when one-side multi-spot welding is performed.
The effects of spot welding spatter mainly include several aspects, mainly adversely affecting safety, environment, quality and cost.
(1) The splashed metal particles can seriously deteriorate the working environment of operators, threaten the personal health of operators and harm the personal safety of field personnel;
(2) the splashed metal can seriously damage equipment such as clamps, cylinders, welding tongs, cables, various joint pipelines and the like; thereby resulting in a reduction in the service life of the equipment and an increase in the maintenance costs of the equipment;
(3) the splash damages the plastic ring, so that the strength and the plasticity of the joint are reduced;
(4) the splashing is accompanied by shrinkage cavity and cracks, the dynamic load strength of the joint is influenced, and the mechanical performance is reduced;
(5) in the three-layer plate welding, a welding nugget is firstly formed between two layers of thick plates, if splashing is generated at the moment, the nugget of the third layer of thin plate is not formed, and the welding failure phenomenon can be caused;
(6) a large amount of welding spatter can be attached to the surface of a body-in-white, so that the surface quality of the body is reduced, and the labor amount of a polishing process is increased.
The surface spatter is generated mainly due to the extreme surface condition of the material to be welded and the electrode tip, and therefore, it is possible to remove such spatter by removing dust or rust, a coating, etc. attached to the surface. The spatter between plates and the spatter on the surface layer are caused by improper welding conditions, mainly because the heat input is too large, so that the molten high-pressure liquid metal breaks through the plastic ring to form, and the spatter generated by spot welding is almost generated in the later heating period. If the current is reduced or the electrode pressure is increased depending on the material and the wear-out state of the electrode tip, the spatter can be theoretically eliminated. In the surface spattering of the one-side multi-spot welding, the generation of spattering can be greatly eliminated by increasing the contact radius to the reverse (back) electrode because the spattering occurs at the periphery of the contact surface of the transformer side electrode.
The lath martensite with small difficulty existing in the resistance spot welding of the ultrahigh-strength hot-forming high-strength steel is the main component forming the ultrahigh-strength hot-forming high-strength steel plate, which is different from the common steel plate to the greatest extent. Therefore, compared with the common steel plate, the ultrahigh-strength hot-forming high-strength steel plate has some unique problems in the spot welding process. Firstly, the electrode pressure is enough during spot welding, the strength of the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed high-strength steel plate can reach 1500MPa, if the electrode pressure is insufficient, the contact area and the electrifying area of the surface of a workpiece are easy to be insufficient, so that the problems of insufficient welding, incomplete welding and small welding core are easily caused, and due to the existence of a plating layer, the surface state of a test piece is unstable, and serious repeated welding spatter is easily caused during welding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing spot welding method for the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate, the invention provides the spot welding method for the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate, which has the advantages of preheating before welding and increasing the cooling time in the welding process so as to reduce metal splashing, and solves the problems in the background technology.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: welding set of super high strength thermoforming steel sheet, including the soldering turret transformer, the positive one side fixedly connected with soldering turret installing support of soldering turret transformer, the upper portion fixedly connected with welding machine static electrode arm of soldering turret transformer front end, the internally mounted of welding machine static electrode arm one side has fastening nut, the quiet holding rod of soldering turret is installed to one side of welding machine static electrode arm, the electrode cap is installed to the lower part of the quiet holding rod of soldering turret, the ball screw jar is installed to the lower part of soldering turret transformer, hinge bearing has been cup jointed in the middle part activity of soldering turret transformer front end, the electronic utmost point arm of soldering turret has been cup jointed in hinge bearing's lower part activity, the front end of the electronic utmost point arm of soldering turret is installed the soldering turret and is moved the holding rod.
Preferably, the electrode caps are respectively arranged on the lower part of the static holding rod of the welding tongs and the upper part of the movable holding rod of the welding tongs, the two electrode caps are mutually contacted, and the front end of the ball screw cylinder is movably sleeved in the middle of the rear end of the electric electrode arm of the welding tongs.
Preferably, the steel plate is clamped in a specific clamping device, and the soldering turret transformer is matched with the clamping device for machining.
The spot welding method of the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate comprises the steps that the lap joint combination of parts is 1.5mm +1.5mm, the tip of an electrode cap is selected to be 16 x 23 mm and 6mm, the model of a welding robot is FANUC R-2000iB/210F, the model of a servo welding tongs is SRTX-2C8626, the maximum short-circuit current is 18KA, and the rated power is 120KVA, and the maximum motor pressure is 5000N.
Preferably, the first-stage current range I 1 = 4-5 KA; welding time-range T 1 =200±20ms。
Preferably, the second-stage current I 2 = 12-13.5 KA, and two welding time ranges T 2 The cooling time CT =8ms between pulses, the specific plate thickness combination can be optimized and adjusted according to the splashing state, the pulse frequency = 38-42 s, and the specific numerical value can be increased or decreased according to the strength condition.
Compared with the existing spot welding method of the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate, the spot welding method has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the spot welding method for the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate, the problems of large welding spot splashing, insufficient strength and the like of the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate are solved by adopting a two-section heating and multi-pulse welding mode by adopting the process disclosed by the invention, the related cooling time CT and welding pulse frequency adjusting ranges are large, the difficulty is reduced for the design and adjustment of different plate combination processes, the debugging period is shortened, and the spot welding method is suitable for various hot-stamped ultrahigh-strength plates and has a remarkable effect on high strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a waveform of welding current according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structural welding tongs of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the clamping state of the structural part of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a weld spot phenomenon and weld nugget diameter report according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a chemical composition diagram of a hot-formed steel sheet according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a soldering turret transformer; 2. a welding clamp mounting bracket; 3. a welding machine static electrode arm; 4. fastening a nut; 5. a welding clamp static holding rod; 6. an electrode cap; 7. a ball screw cylinder; 8. a hinge bearing; 9. a welding tongs electric pole arm; 10. the welding tongs move the holding rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the welding device for the ultra-high strength thermoformed steel plate comprises a welding clamp transformer 1, wherein a welding clamp mounting support 2 is fixedly connected to one side of the front surface of the welding clamp transformer 1, a welding machine static electrode arm 3 is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the front end of the welding clamp transformer 1, a fastening nut 4 is mounted inside one side of the welding machine static electrode arm 3, a welding clamp static holding rod 5 is mounted on one side of the welding machine static electrode arm 3, an electrode cap 6 is mounted on the lower portion of the welding clamp static holding rod 5, a ball screw cylinder 7 is mounted on the lower portion of the welding clamp transformer 1, a hinge bearing 8 is movably sleeved in the middle of the front end of the welding clamp transformer 1, an electric welding clamp electrode arm 9 is movably sleeved in the lower portion of the hinge bearing 8, and an electric welding clamp holding rod 10 is mounted at the front end of the electric welding clamp electrode arm 9.
The electrode caps 6 are respectively arranged on the lower portion of the electrode holder static holding rod 5 and the upper portion of the electrode holder dynamic holding rod 10, the electrode caps 6 are in mutual contact, the front end of the ball screw cylinder 7 is movably sleeved in the middle of the rear end of the electrode holder electric pole arm 9, the electrode holder electric pole arm 9 can be pushed to move back and forth through the starting device ball screw cylinder 7 during use, meanwhile, the upper portion of the electrode holder electric pole arm 9 is movably sleeved in the hinge bearing 8, the electrode holder dynamic holding rod 10 and the electrode holder static holding rod 5 can be driven to form an opening and closing state when the electrode holder dynamic holding rod is used, a steel plate can be conveniently driven to clamp, and the effect of convenient adjustment and control during welding of the device is increased.
Wherein, the steel sheet centre gripping is inside specific clamping device, soldering turret transformer 1 and clamping device cooperation processing through inside with the steel sheet centre gripping at specific clamping device for when using, conveniently carry out the centre gripping to the steel sheet and fix, make the steadiness when increasing the welding, drive the device through device soldering turret transformer 1 simultaneously and weld, make the steadiness when conveniently driving the device and weld.
The spot welding method of the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate comprises the steps that the lap joint combination of parts is 1.5mm +1.5mm, the tip of an electrode cap is selected to be 16 x 23 mm and 6mm, the model of a welding robot is FANUC R-2000iB/210F, the model of a servo welding tongs is SRTX-2C8626, the maximum short-circuit current is 18KA, and the rated power is 120KVA, and the maximum motor pressure is 5000N.
Wherein the first-stage current range I 1 = 4-5 KA; welding time-range T 1 =200 ± 20ms, the first stage heating is a preheating stage (I) 1 =4~5KA，T 1 =200 ± 20msms) increase the conductive path, reduce the interface contact resistance, and is main weldingThe passage of the current in the connecting section is prepared, and the probability of early splash occurrence is reduced.
Wherein the second-stage current I 2 = 12-13.5 KA; two ranges of welding time T 2 = 5-7 ms, cooling time CT =8ms between pulses, the combination of the thickness of the plate can be optimized and adjusted according to the splashing state, the number of pulses = 38-42 s, the specific value can be increased or decreased according to the strength condition, the steel plate is mainly welded through the second stage, and meanwhile, the welding time is within a second range T 2 The cooling time is kept between 5 ms and 7ms and between CT =8ms, so that the welding effect is achieved, the welding time and the cooling time are respectively distinguished between each pulse, the effect of conveniently increasing the welding efficiency and cooling the steel plate is achieved, the welding effect is achieved, meanwhile, the whole pulse time is kept between the pulse times =38 s to 42s, and the effect of increasing the welding effect is achieved.
The working principle is as follows: during the use, the point of tool equipment is examined: before testing, firstly, spot inspection is carried out on the tool clamp and the welding equipment, and the tool equipment is ensured to be free of abnormity.
Secondly, clamping the product: and clamping the product according to the operation flow of the mass production operation instruction.
And thirdly, track optimization and confirmation, namely optimizing the position posture of the welding point by using the manual operation robot until the welding tongs are vertical to the plate.
Example parameter settings: i is 1 =5KA，T 1 =200ms；I 2 =12.5KA，T 2 =6ms, CT =8ms, number of pulses =40, and electrode pressure F = 4500N.
Automatic welding: and (5) debugging the system to an automatic mode for welding, and welding 10 welding points.
Sixthly, repeating the steps
And (c) setting comparative example parameters: i is 1 =10.5KA，T 1 =140ms；I 2 =9.5KA，T 2 =240ms, number of pulses =1, and electrode pressure F = 4500N.
Automatic welding: and (5) debugging the system to an automatic mode for welding, and welding 10 welding points.
When in use, the clamping device can drive the device to conveniently clamp and fix the steel, and meanwhile, the steel is clamped by the welding tongs transformer 1When the plate is used, a steel plate is heated in a first step to increase a conductive channel in a preheating stage, interface contact resistance is reduced, preparation is made for current passing of a main welding section, the probability of splashing in the early stage is reduced, meanwhile, through a second step of operation, the contact surface of an electrode and a workpiece generates heat, the contact surface of the workpiece is melted at high temperature to form a nugget, a plastic ring is wrapped around the nugget, when the plastic ring is damaged due to too high heating speed or liquid metal in the nugget is excessive, the plastic ring cannot bear pressure, and molten metal flies out of the plastic ring to form splashing under the action of the pressure of the electrode, the plate avoids the splashing by high pressure (4500N), the second step of multi-pulse welding aims to control the speed of the growth of the nugget, the nugget is effectively grown slowly and stably in one step, and the problem that the molten metal is not cooled in time is effectively solved, the electrode extrudes the liquid metal to form splashes, the cooling time is the cooling time for ensuring that no splashes are generated in the growth process of the nuggets, the welding spot phenomenon and the nugget diameter of the invention are reported in figure 4, and the thickness of the material is shown in the specificationESBM5A-1N261-AAThe diameter of the standard welding core is 5.0mm, the strength of all welding spots is qualified, and 10 welding spots are free of splashing to achieve an ideal effect; the welding spot number of the weld spot 1800 produced by the parts per day is about 30, and the spattering rate is 30/1800 =1.6% through the verification of mass production in a welding workshop.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. Welding set of ultrahigh strength hot forming steel sheet, including soldering turret transformer (1), its characterized in that: the welding clamp comprises a welding clamp transformer (1), a welding clamp mounting support (2) and a fastening nut (4), wherein the welding clamp transformer (1) is fixedly connected to the front side of the welding clamp transformer (1), a welding clamp static electrode arm (3) is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the front end of the welding clamp transformer (1), a welding clamp static holding rod (5) is installed on one side of the welding clamp static electrode arm (3), an electrode cap (6) is installed on the lower portion of the welding clamp static holding rod (5), a ball screw cylinder (7) is installed on the lower portion of the welding clamp transformer (1), a hinge bearing (8) is movably sleeved at the middle portion of the front end of the welding clamp transformer (1), an electric electrode arm (9) of the welding clamp is movably sleeved at the lower portion of the hinge bearing (8), and a movable holding rod (10) of the welding clamp is installed at the front end of the electric electrode arm (9) of the welding clamp.
2. The welding apparatus for ultra-high strength hot-formed steel sheets as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electrode caps (6) are respectively arranged on the lower part of the electrode holder static holding rod (5) and the upper part of the electrode holder moving holding rod (10), the two electrode caps (6) are mutually contacted, and the front end of the ball screw cylinder (7) is movably sleeved in the middle of the rear end of the electrode holder electric pole arm (9).
3. The welding apparatus for ultra-high strength hot-formed steel sheets as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steel plate is clamped in a specific clamping device, and the soldering turret transformer (1) is matched with the clamping device for machining.
4. The spot welding method of the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate is characterized by comprising the steps of overlapping and combining parts of 1.5mm +1.5mm, selecting 16 x 23 leading ends of electrode caps to pass through 6mm, wherein the model of a welding robot is FANUC R-2000iB/210F, the model of a servo welding tongs is SRTX-2C8626, the maximum short-circuit current is 18KA, and the rated power is 120KVA and the maximum motor pressure is 5000N.
5. A spot welding method of an ultra-high strength thermoformed steel sheet according to claim 4, characterized in that: the first-stage current range I 1 = 4-5 KA, welding time range T 1 =200±20ms。
6. A spot welding method of an ultra-high strength thermoformed steel sheet according to claim 4, characterized in that: the second stage current I 2 = 12-13.5 KA, and two welding time ranges T 2 Pulse of 5 to 7msIntercooling time CT =8ms, and specific plate thickness combination can be optimized and adjusted according to the state of splashing, and the pulse number =38~42s, and specific numerical value can be increased and decreased according to the intensity condition.
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| CN202110152850.3A CN114850643A (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Spot welding method for ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plate |
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| WO2019124464A1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Method for manufacturing resistance spot welded joint |
| WO2019124465A1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Method for manufacturing resistance spot welded joint |
| WO2020045678A1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | 豊田鉄工株式会社 | Resistance spot welding method |
-
2021
- 2021-02-04 CN CN202110152850.3A patent/CN114850643A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202317423U (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-07-11 | 小原(南京)机电有限公司 | General gun rack for servo electrode holder |
| CN108213677A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-06-29 | 韦孚（杭州）精密机械有限公司 | A kind of mechanical device for resistance spot welding |
| CN207464434U (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-08 | 上海商科焊接设备有限公司 | Whether a kind of Auto-body Spot-welding is come off detection device with electrode holder electrode cap |
| WO2019124464A1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Method for manufacturing resistance spot welded joint |
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Application publication date: 20220805 |