CN114825696B - An asymmetric hybrid surface-embedded-salient pole permanent magnet motor - Google Patents

An asymmetric hybrid surface-embedded-salient pole permanent magnet motor

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Publication number
CN114825696B
CN114825696B CN202210519126.4A CN202210519126A CN114825696B CN 114825696 B CN114825696 B CN 114825696B CN 202210519126 A CN202210519126 A CN 202210519126A CN 114825696 B CN114825696 B CN 114825696B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotor
permanent magnet
stator
salient pole
motor
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Application number
CN202210519126.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114825696A (en
Inventor
阳辉
葛永盛
林鹤云
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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Priority to CN202210519126.4A priority Critical patent/CN114825696B/en
Publication of CN114825696A publication Critical patent/CN114825696A/en
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Publication of CN114825696B publication Critical patent/CN114825696B/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an asymmetric hybrid surface embedded-salient pole type permanent magnet motor, which belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors and comprises an outer stator core and an inner hybrid surface embedded-salient pole type permanent magnet rotor, wherein an air gap is formed in the middle of the outer stator core, the three-phase armature winding is arranged on the stator core, a rotating shaft is surrounded by the rotor and is positioned on the central axis of the motor, the rotor comprises rotor salient pole teeth, a rotor yoke, a rotor air inner groove, a permanent magnet and a rotor outer groove, and the permanent magnet is arranged in the rotor outer groove and is offset by an angle relative to the central axis of the rotor outer groove. The invention combines the advantages of simple structure, high permanent magnet utilization rate, high power density and high reluctance torque of the salient pole type motor, and utilizes the asymmetric distribution of the permanent magnets to ensure that the peak values of the permanent magnet torque and the reluctance torque components can reach the maximum value under the similar current angle, thereby improving the torque component utilization rate and further improving the torque density.

Description

Asymmetric hybrid surface-embedded-salient pole type permanent magnet motor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, and particularly relates to an asymmetric hybrid surface-embedded-salient pole type permanent magnet motor.
Background
Along with the deterioration of ecological environment and the exhaustion of global energy, the great development of new energy automobile industry has become a key measure related to national economy development. As the demand of users for electric vehicles continues to increase, the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PERMANENT MAGNET Synchronous Machine, PMSM) is widely used in electric vehicles, including the types of toyota Prius2017, bmi 3, tesla Model3, and the like, because of its high power density, high efficiency, and better control accuracy.
Expensive rare earth permanent magnet materials used in the permanent magnet motor are unfavorable for popularization and development of electric automobiles, so that improvement of the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is important. The rotor of the traditional built-in motor usually adopts a symmetrical structure, the d-axis of the permanent magnet torque and the d-axis of the reluctance torque are different by about 45 degrees in electrical angle, so that the utilization rate of the permanent magnet torque and the reluctance torque is reduced, and the overall power density of the motor is limited. Therefore, a kind of magnetic axis offset permanent magnet motor is proposed, and the motor can reduce the d-axis difference angle between the permanent magnet torque and the reluctance torque, thereby realizing the improvement of torque density. However, in order to compensate for the decrease of the reluctance torque peak value in the shifting process, the reluctance structure of the motor is increasingly complex, and the manufacturing and control difficulties of the motor are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a lightweight asymmetric hybrid surface embedded-salient pole type permanent magnet motor which can effectively solve the defects of low torque component utilization rate of the traditional built-in permanent magnet motor and the problem of complex structure of the traditional magnetic axis offset motor.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
An asymmetric hybrid surface-embedded-salient pole permanent magnet motor comprises a stator core and a hybrid surface-embedded-salient pole permanent magnet rotor, wherein an air gap is formed in the middle of the stator core, a plurality of three-phase armature windings are arranged on the stator core in an array mode, a rotating shaft is arranged at the central axis of the motor, and the rotor is arranged around the rotating shaft in a surrounding mode;
The stator core comprises stator teeth, a stator yoke and stator grooves, one end of each stator tooth is close to the rotor, one end of each stator tooth, far away from the rotor, is connected with the stator yoke, and each stator groove is located between two adjacent stator teeth.
Further, the three-phase armature winding is a double-layer distributed winding, and the three-phase armature winding passes through stator slots to be wound on stator teeth.
Further, the rotor is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the outer layer of the rotor comprises rotor salient pole teeth, surface embedded permanent magnets and a rotor outer groove, the surface embedded permanent magnets are located on the rotor outer groove, an angle alpha exists between the central axis of the surface embedded permanent magnets and the central axis of the rotor outer groove, the rotor outer groove is incompletely filled with the surface embedded permanent magnets, a non-permanent magnet part medium in the rotor outer groove is air, and the rotor outer groove is symmetrically arranged between two adjacent rotor salient pole teeth.
Further, the inner layer of the rotor is a symmetrical rotor core formed by an inner rotor groove and a rotor yoke, and the inner rotor groove is overlapped with the central axis of the outer rotor groove.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. In addition, the permanent magnet consumption can be reduced on the premise of needing a certain output torque, the maximum values of the permanent magnet torque and the magnetic resistance torque component are mutually close, the proportion of the magnetic resistance torque is improved, the weak magnetic expansion capacity of the motor is enhanced, and the permanent magnet torque and magnetic resistance torque component motor is beneficial to being applied to the field of electric automobiles;
2. compared with the existing magnetic axis offset motor, the motor combines the advantages of high permanent magnet torque of the permanent magnet surface embedded motor and high reluctance torque of the salient pole motor, and the obtained hybrid magnetic pole motor has the advantages of high permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque, simple structure and high torque density and light weight.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a motor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of no-load magnetic lines of force and the permanent magnetic d-axis and reluctance d-axis of the motor according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a motor output torque split map of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
An asymmetric hybrid watch embedded-salient pole permanent magnet motor is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a stator core 1 with an air gap at the middle part and a hybrid watch embedded-salient pole permanent magnet rotor 2, wherein a plurality of three-phase armature windings 3 are arrayed on the stator core 1, a rotating shaft 4 is arranged at the central axis of the motor, the rotor 2 is arranged around the rotating shaft 4 in a surrounding mode, the rotating shaft 4 is used for penetrating and fixing the hybrid watch embedded-salient pole permanent magnet rotor, and a shell is further arranged on the motor, wherein the stator, the rotor and the rotating shaft 4 are all arranged in the shell.
The stator core 1 comprises stator teeth 1.1, stator yokes 1.2 and stator grooves 1.3, one end of each stator tooth 1.1 is close to the rotor 2, one end of each stator tooth 1.1, far away from the rotor 2, is connected with each stator yoke 1.2, each stator groove 1.3 is located between two adjacent stator teeth 1.1, the stator teeth 1.1 and the stator grooves 1.3 are uniformly distributed around a central axis of the stator, and the number of the stator grooves 1.3 is the same as that of the stator teeth 1.1 and is 24. The three-phase armature winding 3 is a double-layer distributed winding, and the three-phase armature winding 3 passes through the stator slots 1.3 and is wound on the stator teeth 1.1.
The hybrid surface embedded-salient pole type permanent magnet rotor 2 is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the outer layer of the rotor 2 comprises rotor salient pole teeth 2.1, surface embedded permanent magnets 2.4 and rotor outer grooves 2.5, the surface embedded permanent magnets 2.4 are positioned on the rotor outer grooves 2.5, an angle alpha exists between the central axis of the surface embedded permanent magnets 2.4 and the central axis of the rotor outer grooves 2.5, the rotor outer grooves 2.5 are incompletely filled with the surface embedded permanent magnets 2.4, non-permanent magnet part medium in the rotor outer grooves 2.5 is air, and the rotor outer grooves 2.5 are symmetrically arranged between two adjacent rotor salient pole teeth 2.1. The surface embedded permanent magnets 2.4 adopt a radial magnetizing mode, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent surface embedded permanent magnets 2.4 are opposite, the inner layer of the rotor 2 is a symmetrical rotor core formed by an inner rotor groove 2.3 and a rotor yoke 2.2, and the rotor core has high salient pole ratio, namely high quadrature axis inductance and direct axis inductance difference, so that high reluctance torque can be provided, the central axes of the inner rotor groove 2.3 and the outer rotor groove 2.5 are coincident, the number of the surface embedded permanent magnets 2.4 is equal to twice the number pr of the rotor poles.
Theoretically, when the rotor pole pair number pr and the offset angle α satisfy:
pr×α=45°
The magnetic axis offset effect is most pronounced and the total torque is maximized.
In the embodiment, the number of the surface embedded permanent magnets 2.4 is four, correspondingly, the number of the rotor inner grooves 2.3 and the rotor outer grooves 2.5 is also four, the adopted permanent magnets are neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, the number of the stator grooves 1.3 is twenty four, and the armature winding 3 is in a double-layer distributed design.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the operation principle of the asymmetric hybrid surface-embedded salient pole permanent magnet motor of the present embodiment is as follows:
For the permanent magnetic field part, the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnetic flux sequentially reaches an air gap, a stator tooth, a stator yoke, a stator tooth, an air gap and a permanent magnet S pole from the permanent magnet N pole, and then returns to the permanent magnet N pole through the rotor yoke part to form a closed path. Meanwhile, for the reluctance part, the difference of the inductance of the alternating axis and the direct axis is larger due to the difference of the magnetic circuits of the alternating axis and the direct axis of the rotor, so that reluctance torque is generated.
In the theory of the traditional symmetrical permanent magnet motor, the magnitudes of the permanent magnet torque and the reluctance torque change into sine changes along with the change of a current angle, a permanent magnet torque peak value is obtained when the current angle is 0 degree, and a reluctance torque peak value is obtained when the current angle is 45 degrees. The invention realizes the approach of corresponding current angles when the two peak torques are obtained through the offset of the surface embedded permanent magnet in the rotor outer groove, and realizes the improvement of the torque utilization rate and the improvement of the total torque.
According to the invention, the permanent magnet shaft is enabled to deviate anticlockwise through the surface embedded permanent magnet biased in the rotor outer groove and is close to the magnetic resistance shaft, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, wherein l1 represents the magnetic resistance d-shaft, l2 represents the original permanent magnet d-shaft, and l3 represents the new permanent magnet d-shaft.
In one embodiment, the surface embedded neodymium iron boron permanent magnet can also be in the form of surface mounting and the like, the shape of the rotor inner groove can be modified according to requirements, and meanwhile, the analysis of the invention is also suitable for the armature winding to be in the form of concentrated winding, and still has a torque lifting effect.
In order to enable the current angles corresponding to the maximum values of the permanent magnet torque and the reluctance torque to be close to the same angle, the invention enables the permanent magnet shaft, namely the d-axis corresponding to the permanent magnet torque to generate offset through the bias of the permanent magnet under the mixed magnetic pole and move towards the reluctance shaft, namely the d-axis corresponding to the reluctance torque, thereby realizing the promotion of the permanent magnet torque, the reluctance torque utilization rate and the total torque peak value of the motor. The magnetic axis offset effect of the motor is greatly dependent on the radian of the rotor outer groove and the radian of the permanent magnet, and the difference of the rotor outer groove and the radian of the permanent magnet can lead to the difference of the peak torque corresponding current angle and the torque utilization rate.
Because the permanent magnet surface embedded motor has the advantage of high permanent magnet torque, the salient pole motor has the advantage of high reluctance torque, and the structure of the permanent magnet surface embedded motor and the salient pole motor is simplified, the invention adopts the hybrid magnetic pole motor combining the permanent magnet surface embedded motor and the salient pole motor, and realizes the 'lightweight' design of the motor on the basis of torque improvement.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. The asymmetric hybrid surface embedded-salient pole permanent magnet motor is characterized by comprising a stator core (1) with an air gap at the middle part and a hybrid surface embedded-salient pole permanent magnet rotor (2), wherein a plurality of three-phase armature windings (3) are arranged on the stator core (1) in an array manner, a rotating shaft (4) is arranged at the central axis of the motor, and the rotor (2) is arranged around the rotating shaft (4) in a surrounding manner;
The stator iron core (1) comprises stator teeth (1.1), a stator yoke (1.2) and stator grooves (1.3), one end of each stator tooth (1.1) is close to the rotor (2), one end of each stator tooth (1.1) far away from the rotor (2) is connected with the stator yoke (1.2), and each stator groove (1.3) is located between two adjacent stator teeth (1.1);
The rotor (2) is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the outer layer of the rotor (2) comprises rotor salient pole teeth (2.1), surface embedded permanent magnets (2.4) and rotor outer grooves (2.5), the rotor outer grooves (2.5) are symmetrically arranged between two adjacent rotor salient pole teeth (2.1), the surface embedded permanent magnets (2.4) incompletely fill the rotor outer grooves (2.5), a non-permanent magnet part medium in the rotor outer grooves (2.5) is air, an angle alpha exists between the central axis of the surface embedded permanent magnets (2.4) and the central axis of the rotor outer grooves (2.5), and when the rotor pole logarithm pr and the offset angle alpha meet the condition that prxalpha=45 DEG, the magnetic axis offset effect is most remarkable, and the total torque is maximized;
the inner layer of the rotor (2) is a symmetrical rotor core formed by an inner rotor groove (2.3) and a rotor yoke (2.2), and the inner rotor groove (2.3) is overlapped with the central axis of an outer rotor groove (2.5).
2. The asymmetric hybrid surface-embedded-salient pole permanent magnet machine according to claim 1, wherein the three-phase armature winding (3) is a double-layer distributed winding, and the three-phase armature winding (3) is wound on the stator teeth (1.1) through the stator slots (1.3).
CN202210519126.4A 2022-05-12 2022-05-12 An asymmetric hybrid surface-embedded-salient pole permanent magnet motor Active CN114825696B (en)

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CN119727275A (en) * 2023-09-28 2025-03-28 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Reluctance Assisted Axial Flux Electric Motor

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EP1233503A3 (en) * 2001-02-14 2004-12-01 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. Brushless DC motor and method of manufacturing brushless DC motor
KR20150046573A (en) * 2013-10-22 2015-04-30 주식회사 현대케피코 A electric motor and the rotor thereof
CN104242515A (en) * 2014-09-22 2014-12-24 深圳合康思德电机系统有限公司 Permanent-magnet brushless motor rotor with asymmetric magnet poles
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