CN114814161A - Roof water inrush simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Roof water inrush simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种顶板突水相似模拟试验装置及方法，该试验装置包括：试验箱，其用于容纳试验模型，所述试验箱的顶部敞开；应力加载装置，其设置于所述试验箱的上方，所述应力加载装置用于向所述试验模型施加压力以模拟覆岩应力；注水装置，其设置于所述应力加载装置上，所述注水装置用于向所述试验模型注水，所述注水装置上设置有用于监测水量与水压的第一传感器组；试验模型监测系统，其包括多个设置于所述试验模型内部的第二传感器组。基于本发明的技术方案，可以计算出试验过程中的顶部突水的涌水量，根据涌水量变化情况将试验阶段化，与试验模型内部监测数据变化相结合，从而对试验过程中顶板围岩裂隙扩展规律进行定性分析。
The invention provides a roof water inrush similar simulation test device and method. The test device includes: a test box for accommodating a test model, the top of the test box is open; a stress loading device, which is arranged in the test box Above the stress loading device, the stress loading device is used to apply pressure to the test model to simulate the stress of the overlying rock; a water injection device is arranged on the stress loading device, and the water injection device is used to inject water into the test model, so The water injection device is provided with a first sensor group for monitoring water volume and water pressure; a test model monitoring system includes a plurality of second sensor groups arranged inside the test model. Based on the technical scheme of the present invention, the water inrush amount of the top water inrush during the test process can be calculated, and the test can be staged according to the change of the water inrush amount, and combined with the change of the internal monitoring data of the test model, so as to determine the roof surrounding rock cracks during the test process. Qualitative analysis of the expansion law.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water inrush disasters of roofs of mines and tunnels, in particular to a roof water inrush similarity simulation test device and a roof water inrush similarity simulation test method.
Background
With the continuous shift of the coal resource mining center of China to the west in recent years, the coal mining conditions are gradually complicated, and various new problems are also continuously generated, wherein the water inrush problem of the roof is the second largest accident reason second to the gas problem due to the characteristics of strong outburst, large flow and multiple types, so that people pay more attention to the research on the water inrush mechanism of the roof of the mine, and experts and scholars in various fields are continuously put into research, so that the water inrush research of the roof is developed unprecedentedly.
However, most roof water inrush research in China at present mostly focuses on various theoretical analyses or numerical simulation, roof water inrush is a complex evolution process and is influenced by multiple factors such as geological conditions, osmotic water pressure, excavation disturbance, surrounding rock stress fields and the like, and the water inrush problem in actual engineering cannot be comprehensively analyzed through theoretical analysis or numerical simulation. Compared with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the simulation experiment can research various factors by establishing a similar physical model, truly simulate the influence of roadway excavation on surrounding rocks, intuitively show the roof water inrush phenomenon, comprehensively analyze the roof damage law and provide more valuable guidance for actual engineering. Therefore, the development of a system and a method for simulating roof water inrush is very important.
The system and the method for the water inrush simulation test in the prior art mainly focus on laying detection equipment inside a model, researching through monitoring data change conditions, or analyzing water inrush problems through observing water inrush change conditions and water inrush sand amount in the test process. The expansion rule of the fracture in the rock is not discussed through the combination analysis of the water injection pressure and water volume change and the monitoring data change in the model. Therefore, the related system and method in the prior art have certain disadvantages in the technical scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the device and the method for simulating the roof water inrush are provided, the water inrush amount in the test process can be specifically calculated through the device and the method, the test stage is changed according to the change condition of the water inrush amount, and the change is combined with the internal monitoring data change of a test model, so that the roof surrounding rock fracture expansion rule in the test process is qualitatively analyzed, and certain theoretical and technical support is provided for the research of the mine and tunnel engineering water inrush mechanism.
The invention provides a roof water inrush simulation test device, which comprises:
a test chamber for accommodating a test model, the top of the test chamber being open;
the stress loading device is arranged above the test box and is used for applying pressure to the test model to simulate overburden stress;
the water injection device is arranged on the stress loading device and used for injecting water to the test model, and a first sensor group used for monitoring water quantity and water pressure is arranged on the water injection device;
the test model monitoring system comprises a plurality of second sensor groups arranged inside the test model, and each second sensor group comprises a pressure sensor and a gap water pressure sensor.
In one embodiment, the stress loading means comprises:
the loading plate is horizontally arranged above the test box;
and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the loading plate and can drive the loading plate to lift along the vertical direction.
Through the embodiment, the combination of the horizontally arranged loading plate and the hydraulic cylinder can stably and uniformly apply pressure to the test model so as to simulate the overburden stress in the actual stratum to the maximum extent.
In one embodiment, the water injection device comprises:
the water injection bin is arranged on the upper surface of the loading plate, the loading plate is used as a bottom plate of the water injection bin, and the top of the water injection bin is used as a top plate of the water injection bin;
the water inrush component comprises a plurality of tubular water inrush elements which are vertically and uniformly distributed in the water injection bin.
The top plate and the loading plate are respectively provided with a plurality of first assembling holes and second assembling holes, two ends of the water inrush element are respectively arranged in the first assembling holes and the second assembling holes, the upper end of the water inrush element extends out of the first assembling holes and is connected with a water supply pipe, and the lower end of the water inrush element is positioned in the second assembling holes and is provided with the first sensor group.
In one embodiment, a portion of the second assembly hole, which is close to the lower surface of the loading plate, is a tapered hole section with a gradually decreasing inner diameter, and a port of the tapered hole section, which is located at the lower surface of the loading plate, is a water outlet of the water injection device. Through this embodiment, the setting of taper hole section and delivery port can make the steady outflow of rivers in the component of bursting water, is convenient for to the accurate monitoring of flow and water pressure.
In one embodiment, an outer wall of a lower end of the water inrush member is provided with an external thread, and an inner wall of the second fitting hole is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread. Through this embodiment, the water inrush component passes through the helicitic texture and is connected with the load plate, and connection structure is simple, the equipment of the test device of being convenient for.
In one embodiment, the upper end of the water inrush element is provided with a sealing ring and a sealing rubber sleeve respectively, the sealing ring is in sealing contact with the upper surface of the top plate, and the sealing rubber sleeve is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the first assembly hole. Through this embodiment, sealing washer and sealing rubber cover are used for keeping the sealed between water bursting component and the water injection storehouse roof, prevent to take place to leak in the test process.
In one embodiment, the water inrush element comprises an inner pipe and an outer sleeve sleeved outside the inner pipe, and through holes are formed in the pipe walls of the inner pipe and the outer sleeve at the same height;
wherein, the outer tube can rotate relatively to the inner tube to realize two the through-hole corresponds each other or staggers.
Through the embodiment, when the two through holes correspond to each other, the water inrush element is communicated with the interior of the water injection bin, so that the problem that the water supply amount in the test model is insufficient when the water inrush element is used alone for injecting water is avoided, the interior of the water injection bin is communicated with the interior of the water inrush element, and the water supply to the interior of the water inrush element is increased through the water injection bin.
In one embodiment, further comprising:
and the water injection monitoring system is connected with the water injection device and is used for monitoring the water quantity and the water pressure when the water injection device injects water into the test model.
Through this embodiment, water injection monitoring system connects the first sensor group in the water injection device for water yield and water pressure when real-time supervision water injection device is to test model water injection, the understanding of the tester straight tube of being convenient for is correlated with data.
In one embodiment, further comprising:
and the master control console is electrically connected with the stress loading device, the water injection device, the test model monitoring system and the water injection monitoring system respectively.
Through this embodiment, the master control platform is used for controlling each functional module in the test device, and the tester can control each step of the test through the master control platform.
In one embodiment, the loading plate has the same shape and size as the inside of the test chamber, and the peripheral edge of the loading plate is provided with a sealing strip for sealing contact with the inner wall of the test chamber. Through this embodiment, the sealing strip has increased the leakproofness at the proof box top in the testing process, prevents that the experiment from leaking and influencing the test result.
The invention provides a roof water inrush simulation test method, which is applied to the test device and comprises the following steps:
step a, manufacturing a similar simulation material according to the actual geological conditions of a mine, paving the similar simulation material in a test box and tamping to manufacture a test model;
b, controlling the stress loading device to operate, pressing the loading plate downwards to apply pressure to the test model so as to simulate actual overburden stress, adjusting a water injection monitoring system, and injecting constant-pressure water to the top of the test model through a water inrush element in the water injection device;
c, when a test model monitoring system monitors that the water pressure in the test model is stable, performing simulated excavation in the test model;
and d, processing and analyzing data according to the water pressure and water quantity data in the test process, which are acquired by the first sensor group in the water injection device and the second sensor group in the test model monitoring system.
In one embodiment, in the step b, the pressure of the constant pressure water injected to the top of the test model by the water injection device is determined according to basic parameters of test equipment, actual geological conditions and design requirements.
In one embodiment, in step d, after data processing and analysis, the following target parameters are obtained:
total quantity of water injected Q of single water inrush element n Total amount of water injected S at initial flow rate for a single water bursting element 1 Top plate water burst amount S of single water burst element 2 Total amount of water injected Q of water injection device 1 Total amount of water inrush from the top plate Q 2 。
In one embodiment, the target parameter is calculated by the following formula:
S 1 ＝σu 0 t；
wherein n is the number of water inrush elements, u is the flow velocity, u 0 Initial flow rate, t water fill time, and σ water loss coefficient determined by water pressure and model material properties. With the aid of the present embodiment it is possible to,
the features mentioned above can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent features as long as the object of the invention is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the roof water inrush simulation test device and method provided by the invention at least have the following beneficial effects:
according to the roof water inrush simulation test device and method, the water inflow amount of roof water inrush in the test process can be specifically calculated according to the water pressure and water amount monitoring data of a water inrush element, and the test staging is combined with the internal monitoring data change of a test model according to the water inflow amount change condition, so that the roof surrounding rock fracture expansion rule in the test process is qualitatively analyzed, the roof water inrush mechanism under the coupling action is researched, and a certain theory and technical support is provided for the research of the mine and tunnel engineering water inrush mechanism.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the overall structure of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a loading plate and a water injection bin of the test device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the water-bursting element of the test device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing the water inrush element of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the flow rate of water inside the water bursting element during the test of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in water pressure inside the water inrush component during the test of the present invention;
in the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.
Reference numerals:
1-a test box, 2-a stress loading device, 21-a loading plate, 211-a second assembly hole, 22-a hydraulic cylinder, 3-a water injection device, 31-a water injection bin, 311-a top plate, 312-a first assembly hole, 32-a water bursting element, 321-an inner tube, 322-an outer sleeve, 333-a through hole, 33-a first sensor group, 34-a water outlet, 35-a sealing ring, 36-a sealing rubber sleeve, 37-a water storage tank, 4-a water injection monitoring system, 41-a water pressure monitoring system, 42-a water quantity monitoring system, 5-a main control table, 6-a water supply pipe, 7-a hydraulic plate and 8-a hydraulic loading system.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The invention provides a roof water inrush simulation test device, which comprises:
a test chamber 1 for accommodating a test model, the top of the test chamber 1 being open;
the stress loading device 2 is arranged above the test box 1, and the stress loading device 2 is used for applying pressure to the test model to simulate overburden stress;
the water injection device 3 is arranged on the stress loading device 2, the water injection device 3 is used for injecting water to the test model, and the water injection device 3 is provided with a first sensor group 33 used for monitoring water quantity and water pressure;
the test model monitoring system comprises a plurality of second sensor groups arranged inside the test model, and each second sensor group comprises a pressure sensor and a gap water pressure sensor.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, the main body of the test apparatus includes a test chamber 1 with an open top, a stress loading device 2 disposed above the test chamber 1, a water injection device 3 disposed on the stress loading device 2, and a test model monitoring system (not shown in the accompanying drawings) disposed in the test model. During testing, a test model with a second sensor group is placed in the test box 1, and the test model completely occupies the inner space of the test box 1; then the stress loading device 2 operates to apply pressure to the test model so as to simulate the overburden stress in the actual stratum; the water injection device 3 and the stress loading device 2 operate simultaneously, and when the stress loading device 2 applies pressure to the test model, the water injection device 3 injects water to the test model so as to simulate formation water in an actual formation. In the test process, the first sensor group 33 monitors the amount of water and the water pressure injected into the test model through the water injection device 3, and the second sensor group monitors the water pressure and the surrounding rock stress inside the test model.
It should be noted that four wall surfaces are arranged around the test box 1, one of the wall surfaces is an observation surface made of a transparent material, and a tester can visually observe the inside of the test box 1 through the observation surface. Further, be provided with hydraulic plate 7 on the proof box 1 wall of observation face both sides, hydraulic plate 7 can the horizontally remove, realizes further extrusion to test model on the horizontal direction, further simulates actual stratum stress, also is convenient for extrude in order to make test model to the test material in proof box 1 simultaneously. The hydraulic plate 7 is connected with an external hydraulic loading system 8, and the hydraulic loading system 8 provides moving power for the hydraulic plate 7.
In one embodiment, the stress loading means 2 comprises:
a loading plate 21, wherein the loading plate 21 is horizontally arranged above the test chamber 1;
and the hydraulic cylinder 22 is connected with the loading plate 21 and can drive the loading plate 21 to lift in the vertical direction.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 of the drawings, a load plate 21 is horizontally disposed above the test chamber 1, and hydraulic cylinders 22 are attached to both sides of the upper surface of the load plate 21. When stress is loaded, the hydraulic cylinder 22 drives the loading plate 21 to descend, so that the lower surface of the loading plate 21 is in contact with the top of the test model and generates extrusion.
Preferably, the stress loading device 2 further comprises a guide structure, the guide structure comprises a guide sleeve arranged on the upper surface of the loading plate 21 and a guide rod arranged on a bracket for mounting the stress loading device 2, and the guide sleeve and the guide rod are matched with each other.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the guide rod is assembled in the guide sleeve, and when the hydraulic cylinder 22 drives the loading plate 21 to move up and down, the guide rod and the guide sleeve are always matched to guide the overall lifting direction of the hydraulic cylinder 22 and the loading plate 21, so as to prevent the loading plate 21 from shifting during the lifting process. Meanwhile, on the premise that the loading plate 21 is horizontally arranged, the vertical lifting of the loading plate 21 is ensured, and further the loading plate 21 is ensured to apply pressure to the test model in a horizontal posture.
Preferably, the loading plate 21 has the same shape and size as those of the inside of the test chamber 1, and the peripheral edge of the loading plate 21 is provided with a sealing strip for sealing contact with the inner wall of the test chamber 1.
Specifically, when the loading plate 21 is pressed down to the test model, the loading plate can completely cover the top space of the test model and the test box 1, and the uniform stress of each position of the test model is ensured. Meanwhile, the water injected by the water injection device 3 is prevented from overflowing from the top of the test box 1 to influence the test; the sealing strips further enhance the sealing performance of the edge of the loading plate 21 and the inner wall of the test chamber 1, so that the effect of preventing water flooding of the loading plate 21 is enhanced.
In one embodiment, the water injection means 3 comprises:
the water injection bin 31 is arranged on the upper surface of the loading plate 21, the water injection bin 31 takes the loading plate 21 as a bottom plate, and the top of the water injection bin 31 is a top plate 311;
the water inrush component comprises a plurality of tubular water inrush elements 32, and the plurality of water inrush elements 32 are vertically and uniformly distributed in the water injection bin 31.
The top plate 311 and the loading plate 21 are respectively provided with a plurality of first assembly holes 312 and second assembly holes 211, two ends of the water inrush element 32 are respectively disposed in the first assembly holes 312 and the second assembly holes 211, an upper end of the water inrush element 32 extends out of the first assembly holes 312 and is connected with the water supply pipe 6, and a lower end of the water inrush element is disposed in the second assembly holes 211 and is provided with the first sensor group 33.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the water filling chamber 31 is formed on the upper surface of the loading plate 21, and the water filling chamber 31 encloses a relatively closed cavity with the loading plate 21 and the surrounding wall surfaces through the top plate 311. A plurality of water inrush elements 32 in the water inrush assembly are vertically arranged in the water injection bin 31, the top parts of the water inrush elements 32 are assembled into the first assembly holes 312, and the bottom parts of the water inrush elements are assembled into the second assembly holes 211, so that the water inrush elements 32 are connected with the water injection bin 31; inside the bottom end of the water inrush element 32 is disposed a first sensor group 33. The top of each water-bursting element 32 is connected with a water supply pipe 6, the tail end of each water supply pipe 6 is connected with a water storage tank 37, and a power source is arranged in each water storage tank 37. The filling sump 31 is also connected to a storage tank 37 via a water supply pipe 6. Valves are provided on the different water supply pipes 6 to control the water delivery.
When water is filled, the power source in the water storage tank 37 delivers water to the water inrush element 32 and the water storage tank 37 through the water supply pipe 6, and the water flowing through the water inrush element 32 finally flows out from the bottom opening of the second fitting hole 211 and is injected into the test model. In this process, the first sensor group 33 monitors the flow rate and the pressure of the water flowing through the water inrush element 32 in real time.
In one embodiment, a portion of the second fitting hole 211 near the lower surface of the loading plate 21 is a tapered hole section with a gradually decreasing inner diameter, and the mouth of the tapered hole section at the lower surface of the loading plate 21 is the water outlet 34 of the water injection device 3.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the tapered hole section is used to gradually reduce the size of the flow channel of the water flow and finally form the water outlet 34, so as to ensure that the flow channel is filled with the water flow, thereby realizing accurate monitoring of the flow rate and the water pressure of the water flow, and simultaneously ensuring the stability of the flow of the water flow.
In one embodiment, the outer wall of the lower end of the water inrush member 32 is provided with an external thread, and the inner wall of the second fitting hole 211 is provided with an internal thread to be engaged with the external thread.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the water inrush element 32 is connected to the loading plate 21 through a threaded structure, the connection structure is simple, and when the test device is assembled, the water inrush element 32 is directly screwed into the second assembly hole 211, which facilitates the assembly of the test device. Meanwhile, the thread structure also has certain sealing performance. Further, the external threads on the water bursting element 32 and the internal threads on the second assembling hole 211 are sealing threads to enhance the sealing property.
In one embodiment, the upper ends of the water inrush member 32 are respectively provided with a packing 35 and a packing rubber 36, the packing 35 is in sealing contact with the upper surface of the top plate 311, and the packing rubber 36 is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the first fitting hole 312.
Specifically, the sealing ring 35 and the sealing rubber sleeve 36 are used for maintaining the sealing between the water bursting element 32 and the top plate 311 of the water injection bin 31, and preventing water leakage in the test process.
In one embodiment, the water inrush element 32 comprises an inner tube 321 and an outer sleeve 322 sleeved outside the inner tube 321, wherein through holes 333 are formed in the tube walls of the inner tube 321 and the outer sleeve 322 at the same height;
wherein, the outer sleeve 322 can rotate relative to the inner tube 321 to realize the mutual correspondence or stagger of the two through holes 333.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4 of the drawings, when the two through holes 333 correspond to each other, the interior of the water bursting element 32 communicates with the interior of the water filling bin 31, and the water supply to the interior of the water bursting element 32 is increased through the water filling bin 31, so that the problem of insufficient water supply in the test model which may occur when the water bursting element 32 is used alone for water filling is avoided. Before the test, whether the through hole 333 is opened or not can be controlled by rotation according to the circumstances.
In one embodiment, further comprising:
and the water injection monitoring system 4 is connected with the water injection device 3 and is used for monitoring the water quantity and the water pressure when the water injection device 3 injects water into the test model.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings, the water filling monitoring system 4 includes a water pressure monitoring system 41 and a water amount monitoring system 42. The water pressure monitoring system 41 and the water quantity monitoring system 42 are respectively connected with the first sensor group 33 in each water bursting element 32 so as to monitor the change of the water pressure and the water quantity of each water outlet 34 in real time.
And the master control board 5 is electrically connected with the stress loading device 2, the water injection device 3, the test model monitoring system and the water injection monitoring system 4 respectively.
Specifically, the master control console 5 is used for collecting water volume and water pressure information collected by each monitoring system and the sensor and performing real-time centralized display, so that testers can know various data of the test in real time. Meanwhile, the tester can control and adjust the operation conditions of the stress loading device 2 and the water injection device 3 through the master control board 5 so as to adjust various parameters of the test.
The invention also provides a roof water inrush simulation test method, which is applied to the test device and comprises the following steps:
step a, manufacturing a similar simulation material according to the actual geological conditions of a mine, paving the similar simulation material in a test box and tamping to manufacture a test model;
b, controlling the stress loading device to operate, enabling the loading plate to be pressed down to apply pressure to the test model so as to simulate actual overlying strata stress, adjusting the water injection monitoring system, and injecting constant-pressure water to the top of the test model through a water inrush element in the water injection device;
the pressure of constant pressure water injected to the top of the test model by the water injection device is determined according to basic parameters of test equipment, actual geological conditions and design requirements;
c, when the test model monitoring system monitors that the water pressure in the test model is stable, performing simulated excavation in the test model;
d, processing and analyzing data according to the water pressure and water quantity data in the test process acquired by the first sensor group in the water injection device and the second sensor group in the test model monitoring system;
through the processing and analysis of the data, the following target parameters are obtained:
total quantity of water injected Q of single water inrush element n Total amount of water injected S at initial flow rate for a single water bursting element 1 Water inrush from the top plate of a single water inrush element 2 Total amount of water injected Q of water injection device 1 Total amount of water inrush from the top plate Q 2 ；
The target parameter is calculated by the following formula:
S 1 ＝σu 0 t；
wherein n is the number of water inrush elements, u is the flow velocity, u 0 Initial flow rate, t water fill time, and σ water loss coefficient determined by water pressure and model material properties.
The roof water inrush conditions at each stage in the test process and the overall water quantity change conditions of the test model can be obtained through the formula and the related test data. Meanwhile, the water pressure and water quantity change of the test model and the detection data of the internal stress of the model are combined and analyzed, so that more qualitative analysis can be performed on the crack expansion inside the model.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the whole test process is divided into four stages of one to four by the test method. The first stage and the test stage are that the flow velocity of water flow is stable, and the water pressure firstly drops and then rises; the water bursting element is indicated to slowly inject constant pressure water into the test model, and under the action of osmotic water pressure, micro water flowing cracks are generated inside the test model, so that the water pressure is reduced, and then when the test model is filled with osmotic water, the water bursting pressure data is slowly increased. Step two, enlarging a crack generation stage, wherein the flow velocity of water flow is suddenly increased and then slowly decreased, the water pressure is temporarily reduced and then fluctuates in a small range, and finally the water pressure and the water flow both tend to be stable; the influence of factors such as excavation disturbance and the like on the stage is shown, a large-sized crack is generated, and then the large crack is closed but a large number of small cracks still exist. In the third stage and the exploitation period, the flow rate is increased rapidly, and the water pressure begins to decline slowly; indicating that production passes around under the water bursting element, resulting in variations in water pressure and flow. A fracture expansion and penetration stage, wherein the flow velocity of water flow in the stage is continuously increased and decreased, the water pressure is continuously reduced, and finally the water pressure and the water flow tend to be stable; the crack in the test model is continuously generated, closed and developed along with the mining after the excavation of the water inrush element, and finally the solid-liquid coupling field of the model tends to be stable along with the end of the mining.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (14)
1. The utility model provides a roof gushing water similar simulation test device which characterized in that includes:
a test chamber for accommodating a test model, the top of the test chamber being open;
the stress loading device is arranged above the test box and is used for applying pressure to the test model to simulate overburden stress;
the water injection device is arranged on the stress loading device and used for injecting water to the test model, and a first sensor group used for monitoring water quantity and water pressure is arranged on the water injection device; and
the test model monitoring system comprises a plurality of second sensor groups arranged inside the test model, and each second sensor group comprises a pressure sensor and a gap water pressure sensor.
2. The roof plate water inrush simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the stress loading device comprises:
the loading plate is horizontally arranged above the test box;
and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the loading plate and can drive the loading plate to lift along the vertical direction.
3. The roof plate water inrush simulation test device of claim 2, wherein the water injection device comprises:
the water injection bin is arranged on the upper surface of the loading plate, the loading plate is used as a bottom plate of the water injection bin, and the top of the water injection bin is used as a top plate of the water injection bin;
the water inrush component comprises a plurality of tubular water inrush elements which are vertically and uniformly distributed in the water injection bin;
the top plate and the loading plate are respectively provided with a plurality of first assembling holes and second assembling holes, two ends of the water inrush element are respectively arranged in the first assembling holes and the second assembling holes, the upper end of the water inrush element extends out of the first assembling holes and is connected with a water supply pipe, and the lower end of the water inrush element is positioned in the second assembling holes and is provided with the first sensor group.
4. The roof plate water inrush simulation test device of claim 3, wherein a portion of the second assembly hole close to the lower surface of the load plate is a tapered hole section with a gradually decreasing inner diameter, and a port of the tapered hole section at the lower surface of the load plate is a water outlet of the water injection device.
5. The roof plate water inrush simulation test device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein an outer thread is provided on an outer wall of a lower end of the water inrush element, and an inner thread that fits with the outer thread is provided on an inner wall of the second fitting hole.
6. The roof plate water inrush simulation test device of claim 5, wherein the upper end of the water inrush element is provided with a sealing ring and a sealing rubber sleeve, respectively, the sealing ring is in sealing contact with the upper surface of the roof plate, and the sealing rubber sleeve is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the first assembly hole.
7. The roof water inrush simulation test device of claim 3, wherein the water inrush element comprises an inner tube and an outer sleeve sleeved outside the inner tube, and the inner tube and the outer sleeve are provided with through holes at the same height;
wherein, the outer tube can rotate relatively to the inner tube to realize two the through-hole corresponds each other or staggers.
8. The roof plate water inrush simulation test device of claim 1, further comprising:
and the water injection monitoring system is connected with the water injection device and is used for monitoring the water quantity and the water pressure when the water injection device injects water into the test model.
9. The roof plate water inrush simulation test device of claim 8, further comprising:
and the master control console is electrically connected with the stress loading device, the water injection device, the test model monitoring system and the water injection monitoring system respectively.
10. The roof plate water inrush simulation test device of claim 2, wherein the load plate has a shape and a size identical to those of the inside of the test chamber, and the load plate is provided at a circumferential edge thereof with a sealing strip for sealing contact with the inner wall of the test chamber.
11. A roof water inrush simulation test method applied to the roof water inrush simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
step a, manufacturing a similar simulation material according to actual geological conditions of a mine, paving the similar simulation material in a test box, and tamping to manufacture a test model;
b, controlling the stress loading device to operate, pressing the loading plate downwards to apply pressure to the test model so as to simulate actual overburden stress, adjusting a water injection monitoring system, and injecting constant-pressure water to the top of the test model through a water inrush element in the water injection device;
c, when the test model monitoring system monitors that the water pressure in the test model is stable, performing simulated excavation in the test model;
and d, processing and analyzing data according to the water pressure and water quantity data in the test process, which are acquired by the first sensor group in the water injection device and the second sensor group in the test model monitoring system.
12. The roof water inrush simulation test method as claimed in claim 11, wherein in the step b, the pressure of the constant pressure water injected from the water injection device to the top of the test model is determined according to basic parameters of test equipment, actual geological conditions and design requirements.
13. The roof water inrush simulation test method of claim 11, wherein in step d, after data processing and analysis, the following target parameters are obtained:
total quantity of water injected Q of single water inrush element n Total quantity S of water injected at initial flow rate for a single water bursting element 1 Water inrush from the top plate of a single water inrush element 2 Total amount of water injected Q of water injection device 1 Total amount of water inrush from the top plate Q 2 。
14. The roof plate water inrush simulation test method of claim 13, wherein the target parameter is calculated by the following formula:
S 1 ＝σu 0 t；
wherein n is the number of water-inrush elements, u is the flow velocity,u 0 Initial flow rate, t water fill time, and σ water loss coefficient determined by water pressure and model material properties.
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