CN114809187A - Roof rainwater grading treatment and utilization equipment and method - Google Patents
Roof rainwater grading treatment and utilization equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114809187A CN114809187A CN202210636720.1A CN202210636720A CN114809187A CN 114809187 A CN114809187 A CN 114809187A CN 202210636720 A CN202210636720 A CN 202210636720A CN 114809187 A CN114809187 A CN 114809187A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
- B01D36/04—Combinations of filters with settling tanks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
- E04D13/08—Down pipes; Special clamping means therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
- E04D13/08—Down pipes; Special clamping means therefor
- E04D2013/0806—Details of lower end of down pipes, e.g. connection to water disposal system
- E04D2013/0813—Water diverters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
- E04D13/08—Down pipes; Special clamping means therefor
- E04D2013/0873—Rain water reservoirs integrated in down pipes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种屋面雨水分级处理利用设备和方法，设备包括落水管、落水控制槽、初期雨水池、后期雨水池、滴滤池和沉淀池，落水控制槽连通落水管和初期雨水池，初期雨水池与后期雨水池相邻设置并连通；初期雨水池和后期雨水池均设有液位传感器、出水管和排泥斗，初期雨水池的液位传感器控制其出水管与滴滤池的连通；后期雨水池的出水管与滴滤池的反冲洗管路和园林绿化水管连通，液位传感器控制落水控制槽转输初期雨水和反冲洗管路的连通；滴滤池出水口与园林绿化水管连通，反冲洗出水管连通至沉淀池。本发明针对初期雨水和后期雨水分别处理回用，解决了初期雨水和后期雨水污染和资源利用问题，净化效率高、绿色节能，符合可持续发展的要求。The invention discloses a roof rainwater classification treatment and utilization equipment and method. The equipment includes a downspout, a downfall control tank, an initial rainwater tank, a later rainwater tank, a trickling filter tank and a sedimentation tank. The downwater control tank is connected with the downspout and the initial rainwater tank. The pool is adjacent to and communicated with the later rainwater pool; both the initial rainwater pool and the later rainwater pool are equipped with a liquid level sensor, a water outlet pipe and a sludge discharge bucket, and the liquid level sensor of the initial rainwater pool controls the connection between the water outlet pipe and the trickling filter tank; The outlet pipe of the rainwater tank in the later stage is connected with the backwashing pipeline of the trickling filter and the landscaping water pipe. The liquid level sensor controls the connection between the initial rainwater and the backwashing pipeline transferred from the falling water control tank; the water outlet of the trickling filter is connected with the landscaping water pipe. , the backwash outlet pipe is connected to the sedimentation tank. The invention treats and reuses the initial rainwater and the later rainwater respectively, solves the problems of pollution and resource utilization of the initial rainwater and the later rainwater, has high purification efficiency, is green and energy-saving, and meets the requirements of sustainable development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rainwater utilization, and particularly relates to equipment and a method for graded treatment and utilization of roof rainwater.
Background
In 2020, the per capita water resource occupancy of China is 2239.8m 3 1/4, which is the share of water resources in the world, China is listed as one of the countries with water shortage by the united nations, and the problem of water shortage is a major problem influencing the development strategy of the countries. The collection, treatment and utilization of rainwater resources are effective measures for relieving the shortage of water resources in China. The urban rainwater resource can be recycledReduce city torrential rain runoff, alleviate urban waterlogging, on the other hand also can cut down the pollutant that gets into the surface water body through drainage system. In the urban impervious area, the building roof occupies a large proportion, the roof rainwater runoff is large, and the water quality is better than hardened ground runoff, so the recycling of the roof rainwater runoff has obvious advantages.
The roof rainwater runoff water quality changes along with the duration of rainfall, the initial rainwater water quality is poor, on one hand, pollutants such as dust, oxynitride, oxysulfide, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and the like in the air are carried and dissolved by rainwater, on the other hand, due to the scouring effect, a large amount of dust accumulated on the roof enters a collection system along with the rainwater, so that the initial rainwater water quality is poor, and the later stage rainwater water quality is good. If the purpose of rainwater resource utilization is adopted, the scheme of discarding initial rainwater and collecting, treating and recycling later rainwater is generally adopted, which obviously causes the waste of partial rainwater resources and aggravates the pollution load of a surface water system.
Chinese patent CN211037583U discloses an assembled roof rainwater collecting and utilizing device, which realizes the distribution of initial rainwater and clean rainwater through a rainwater distribution pipe, and simply filters the clean rainwater to finally realize rainwater recycling. However, the initial rainwater is collected in the initial rainwater drainage box by the technology and directly drained to a sewage pipe network after the rain stops, so that the burden of a sewage treatment system is increased.
In conclusion, the existing roof rainwater resource utilization technology discards the initial roof rainwater, and the later-stage rainwater is collected and simply treated for utilization, so that the treatment difficulty is reduced, the problem of secondary pollution caused by the initial rainwater is not solved, and the rainwater resource is not fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for graded treatment and utilization of roof rainwater, aiming at solving the problems of pollution and resource utilization of initial rainwater and later rainwater respectively aiming at the problems that the existing roof rainwater collection and reuse system mainly adopts abandoned flow initial rainwater, treats and utilizes later rainwater and neglects the pollution problem of the initial rainwater and the resource utilization problem.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the roof rainwater grading treatment and utilization equipment comprises a downpipe, a downpipe control groove, an initial rainwater pool, a later rainwater pool, a trickling filter and a sedimentation tank; the downpipe is communicated with the downpipe up and down of the downpipe control groove, the side face of the downpipe control groove is communicated with an initial rainwater pool, and the initial rainwater pool and a later stage rainwater pool are adjacently arranged and communicated through a high-level communicating pipe; the initial rainwater pool and the later stage rainwater pool are respectively provided with a liquid level sensor, a water outlet pipe and a mud bucket, the liquid level sensor of the initial rainwater pool controls the communication of the water outlet pipe thereof and the trickling filter, the water outlet pipe of the later stage rainwater pool is respectively communicated with a back flush pipeline of the trickling filter and a landscaping water pipe, and the liquid level sensor of the later stage rainwater pool controls whether the water falling control groove continues to transmit rainwater to the initial rainwater pool or not; the trickling filter also comprises a trickling filter liquid level sensor, a backwashing fan, a backwashing water outlet pipe and a trickling filter water outlet, wherein the trickling filter liquid level sensor and the liquid level sensor of the later stage rainwater pond jointly control the communication of the backwashing pipeline, the trickling filter water outlet is communicated with the landscaping water pipe, the backwashing water outlet pipe is communicated to the sedimentation tank, the sedimentation tank is provided with a sludge discharge hopper and a sedimentation tank water outlet pipe, and the sedimentation tank water outlet pipe is connected to the landscaping water pipe.
Furthermore, the lower part of the initial stage rainwater pond is provided with the trickling filter, the trickling filter and the sedimentation tank are arranged adjacently, and the sedimentation tank is arranged below the later stage rainwater pond.
Furthermore, a rainwater inlet is arranged above the water falling control groove and connected with a water falling pipe, a pressure switch is arranged below the water falling control groove and then connected with the water falling pipe, and an electric valve is arranged on the side surface of the water falling control groove and controls the water falling control groove to be communicated with a pipeline of the initial rainwater pool.
Furthermore, the trickling filter is also provided with a water inlet and distribution system, a filter material layer and a supporting layer which are arranged from top to bottom, and the water inlet and distribution system is connected with a water outlet pipe of the initial rainwater pool; the back washing pipeline is arranged below the supporting layer and comprises a water distribution pipe and a gas distribution pipe, the water distribution pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe of the later stage rainwater pool, and the gas distribution pipe is connected with the back washing fan.
Furthermore, the sedimentation tank also comprises a central pipe which is positioned in the center of the sedimentation tank and is communicated with the backwashing water outlet pipe.
The method for grading, treating and utilizing the roof rainwater comprises the following steps:
rainwater directly enters the initial rainwater tank through the water falling control groove;
preliminary precipitation is carried out in the initial rainwater tank, the initial rainwater after solid-liquid separation enters the trickling filter, and the initial rainwater can be discharged into a water pipe for landscaping after being filtered by the trickling filter;
when the water level of the initial rainwater pool reaches the upper limit, later-stage rainwater is transferred to the later-stage rainwater pool through the high-level communicating pipe, and the quality-based collection of the initial rainwater and the later-stage rainwater is realized due to the effect of the different gravity flow;
when the water level of the later stage rainwater tank triggers the high level of the liquid level sensor, the downpipe control groove is controlled to be closed to be communicated with the initial stage rainwater tank, and the roof rainwater directly enters the downpipe to be discharged;
the water level of the rainwater pond in the later stage of the verification reaches the high level of the liquid level sensor and the water level of the trickling filter reaches the set liquid level of the liquid level sensor, and if the water level of the rainwater pond and the set liquid level of the trickling filter both accord with each other, backwashing is carried out: the rainwater in the later stage rainwater tank enters the bottom of the trickling filter for backwashing, enters the sedimentation tank after backwashing, is discharged into a water pipe for landscaping after solid-liquid separation; if the water level of the later stage rainwater pool does not reach the high level of the liquid level sensor, back flushing is not carried out, and rainwater in the later stage rainwater pool is directly discharged into a water pipe for landscaping.
Further, the back washing: and (3) closing an electric valve of a water outlet pipe of the trickling filter, starting a backwashing fan, operating for 1-3min, allowing later-stage rainwater to be used as backwashing water to enter from the bottom of the trickling filter, flow out from a backwashing water outlet at the upper part of the trickling filter, enter a sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation, opening the electric valve of the water outlet pipe of the trickling filter after backwashing is finished, and discharging residual water from the water outlet pipe of the trickling filter.
Further, when the water level of the initial rainwater pool drops to the low level of the liquid level sensor in the pool, the transfer of the initial rainwater to the trickling filter is closed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the initial rainwater is transported and collected by the aid of the water falling control groove controlled by the water level pressure switch, and is classified and collected by the aid of the effect of density flow formed by water quality difference of the initial rainwater and later-stage rainwater, so that conditions are created for independent treatment of the initial rainwater.
(2) The initial rainwater is treated by a trickling filter, SS, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the water body are removed by the physical adsorption interception function and a small amount of biodegradation of the fly ash-based phosphorus removal filler, and the treated initial rainwater is used as landscaping water.
(3) The rainwater in the later period is periodically used as the back washing water of the trickling filter by gravity self-flow without an additional water pump for providing power, and simultaneously, the use of cleaning washing water is reduced, and the back washing water is used as landscaping water after being treated by a sedimentation tank.
(4) The invention has small floor area, compact structure and simple construction and installation.
In conclusion, the invention respectively treats and recycles the initial rainwater and the later rainwater, thereby solving the problems of pollution and resource utilization of the initial rainwater and the later rainwater, having high purification efficiency, being green and energy-saving, and meeting the requirements of sustainable development.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a downpipe; 2. a water falling control groove; 3. a pressure switch; 4. a water outlet pipe of the water falling control groove; 5. an initial rainwater collecting tank; 6. a water inlet pipe of the initial rainwater collecting tank; 7. a liquid level sensor of the initial rainwater collection pool; 8. a high-level communicating pipe; 9. an outlet pipe of the initial rainwater collecting tank; 10. a mud discharging hopper of the initial rainwater collecting tank; 11. a later stage rainwater collecting tank; 12. a later stage rainwater collecting pool liquid level sensor; 13. a water outlet of the later stage rainwater collecting tank; 14. later rainwater collecting tank mud discharging hopper; 15. a trickling filter; 16. a trickling filter water inlet and distribution system; 17. a filter material layer; 18. a support layer; 19. backwashing a water outlet; 20. back flushing the gas and water distribution pipe network; 21. a back washing fan; 22. a water outlet pipe of the trickling filter; 23. a trickling filter liquid level sensor; 24. a sedimentation tank; 25. a central tube; 26. a reflective plate; 27. a water outlet pipe of the sedimentation tank; 28. a sedimentation tank mud bucket.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The roof rainwater grading treatment and utilization equipment comprises a water falling control groove 2, an initial rainwater collecting tank 5, a later stage rainwater collecting tank 11, a trickling filter 15 and a sedimentation tank 24, wherein the rear 4 parts are combined into the collection and treatment integrated equipment which is an equipment main body for constructing the treatment system.
The water falling control groove 2 is a rectangular hydraulic control water tank processed by stainless steel sheets, the effective volume is about 20-30 liters, the effective water depth is 0.4-0.5m, the water falling control groove is additionally arranged at the position of a roof water falling pipe 2.5-3.5m away from the ground, a rainwater inlet is arranged at the upper part of the water falling control groove and is connected with the water falling pipe 1, and a normally closed pressure switch 3 is arranged at a rainwater outlet at the lower part of the water falling control groove and is connected with the water falling pipe 1. When the water level of the water tank rises to the upper limit of the effective water depth, the switch reaches the set pressure and is opened; the diameter of a side water outlet pipe of the water falling control groove 2 is larger than that of a water falling pipe I, and the side water outlet pipe is connected to an initial rainwater collecting tank 5 of the treatment system. When the initial rainwater collected by the initial rainwater collecting pool 5 reaches the upper limit of the effective water depth, the later rainwater is transferred to the later rainwater collecting pool 11 through the high-position communicating pipe 8; the high level of 11 effective depths of water in later stage rainwater collecting pit sets up level sensor, when 11 water levels of later stage rainwater collecting pit rise to setting for the high level, triggers control command self-closing and falls into water and goes up the electric valve on the control flume 2 outlet pipes, and the water level in the control flume 2 that falls into water thereafter continuously rises to effective depth of water upper limit to pressure switch 3 and opens, switches over the rainwater to original rainwater system and discharges.
The primary rainwater collecting tank 5 functions to collect and store the primary rainwater introduced by the falling water control tank 2. It is a square tank body made of stainless steel thin plate or engineering plastic material, and its effective volume is about 0.5-1.0m 3 The specific volume can be determined according to the calculated flow of the initial rainwater on the local roof; effective water depth of about 0.5-1.0 m; the designed height is 0.15 m; the water inlet pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe of the water falling control groove 2, the diameter of the high-level communicating pipe 8 is one larger than that of the water inlet pipe, and the high-level communicating pipe is connected into the later-stage rainwater collecting tank 11 from a high level which is 0.15m away from the top of the tank; the water outlet pipe is connected out from a position 0.10m higher than the upper edge of the mud discharging hopper, and is provided with a normally closed electric valve and initial rainwaterThe water inlet pipe of the treatment trickling filter 15 is connected; a mud bucket is arranged at the bottom of the pool, a PVC perforated mud pipe (the diameter of the opening is 20-30mm) with DN100 standard is arranged at the bottom of the mud bucket, and mud is discharged by adopting gravity; a liquid level sensor is arranged at a position slightly higher than the water outlet pipe, has a timing function and controls the opening and closing of the electric valve at the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe. The initial rainwater collecting tank 5 is used as a part of the collecting and treating integrated equipment, is transversely combined with the later rainwater collecting tank 11 in a public tank wall mode, and is connected and combined with the initial rainwater treatment trickling filter 15 at the lower part of the tank body column plate by utilizing the vertical extension of the tank body column plate.
The later stage rainwater collecting tank 11 is used for collecting, storing and utilizing later stage rainwater overflowing from the initial stage rainwater collecting tank 5. It is a square tank body made of stainless steel thin plate or engineering plastic material, and its effective volume is about 0.5-1.0m 3 (ii) a Effective water depth of about 0.5-1.0 m; the designed height is 0.15 m; later-stage rainwater enters a later-stage rainwater collecting tank 11 from a high-level communicating pipe 8 which is 0.15m away from the top of the tank; the communicating pipe with the higher diameter of the water outlet pipe is larger than the communicating pipe by one, is arranged at the position 0.1m higher than the upper edge of the mud bucket, adopts the design of double outlets of an electric three-way valve, and is connected with a backwashing water distribution pipe on the one hand and a water pipe for landscaping on the other hand; the bottom of the pool is provided with a mud bucket, the bottom of the mud bucket is provided with a DN100PVC perforated mud pipe (the diameter of the perforated hole is 20-30mm), and gravity mud is adopted. The later stage rainwater collecting pool 11 is provided with an effective water depth high-level liquid level sensor, when the liquid level reaches the effective water depth high level, the water outlet electric valve triggering the water falling control groove 2 is automatically closed, and then the pressure switch 3 is opened in a high water level state to guide rainwater to enter the original water falling pipe for discharging; the later stage rainwater collecting tank 11 is used as a part of collecting and processing integrated equipment, is transversely combined with the initial stage rainwater collecting tank 5 in a common tank wall mode, and is connected and combined with a back washing water sedimentation tank 24 at the lower part of the tank body column plate by utilizing the vertical extension of the tank body column plate.
The trickling filter 15 is used for treating initial rainwater. It adopts a square pool body processed by stainless steel thin plates or engineering plastic materials. The effective volume of the trickling filter 15 is about 0.5-1.0m3, the filter head of the filter layer is about 0.1-0.3m, and the design height is 0.15 m. The trickling filter 15 comprises a water inlet and distribution system 16, a filter material layer 17, a supporting layer 18, a backwashing system (a backwashing water outlet 19, a backwashing air and water distribution pipe network 20 and a backwashing fan 21) and a water outlet pipe 22. The water inlet and distribution system 16 is positioned at the upper part of the trickling filter 15 and is connected with a water outlet pipe of the initial rainwater collecting tank 5; the filter material layer 17 adopts fly ash-based dephosphorization filler with the particle size of 2-5mm, and the height of the filler is 0.3-0.4 m; the height of the macadam bearing layer 18 is about 0.1-0.15 m; a backwashing gas distribution and water distribution pipe network 20 is positioned at the lower part of the supporting layer 18, a gas distribution pipe of the backwashing gas distribution and water distribution pipe network is connected with a vortex fan on a platform beside the filter tank, the gas impact strength is 13-17L/(s.m 2), the washing time is 1-3min, the water distribution pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe 13 of a later rainwater collection tank 11, a backwashing water outlet is arranged 0.1-0.2m above a filter material layer 17, a normally closed electric valve is arranged at a pipe orifice, when hydraulic backwashing is carried out, the valve is opened, and backwashing water enters a sedimentation tank 24; the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the filter tank is provided with a normally open electric valve which is connected with a water pipe for landscaping, and the valve is closed during backwashing. A trickling filter liquid level sensor 23 is arranged at a position 0.30m above the upper surface of the filter material layer, when the filtering liquid level rises to the height, a backwashing program can be started after the filtering is finished (the trickling filter liquid level sensor 23 and the later-stage rainwater collection tank liquid level sensor 12 jointly control the backwashing program, and any condition that the liquid level is not met, namely the liquid level of the trickling filter 15 reaches the position of the trickling filter liquid level sensor, which means that the initial rainwater treatment is finished, at the moment, the backwashing is carried out if the liquid level of the later-stage rainwater collection tank 11 also reaches the set height of the liquid level sensor, or the backwashing is not carried out).
The sedimentation tank 24 is used for solid-liquid separation of backwash effluent and is a square tank body processed by stainless steel sheets or engineering plastics. Its effective volume is about 0.5-1.0m 3 (ii) a Effective water depth of about 0.5-1.0 m; the designed superelevation is 0.15 m. The tank comprises a central pipe 25, a baffle 26, a water outlet pipe 27 and a mud bucket 28. The central pipe 25 is positioned at the center of the tank body and is connected with a backwashing water outlet pipe of the trickling filter; a water outlet pipe is arranged at a position about 0.2m away from the top of the tank, and the backwashing water is discharged into a water pipe for landscaping from the water outlet pipe after solid-liquid separation. The bottom of the pool is provided with a mud discharging hopper 28, the bottom of the mud discharging hopper 28 is provided with a PVC perforated mud discharging pipe (the diameter of the perforated pipe is 20-30mm) with DN100 specification, and gravity mud discharging is adopted.
The invention provides a method for grading, treating and utilizing roof rainwater on the basis of the equipment, which comprises the following steps:
when initial rainwater enters the water falling control groove 2, the pressure water falling valve is in an initial closing state, rainwater is guided into the initial rainwater collecting tank 5 through the side water outlet pipe, and timing is started when the initial rainwater tank high liquid level sensor triggers. When the water level of the collecting pool 5 of the initial rainwater pool reaches the upper limit of the effective water depth, later-stage rainwater is transferred to the later-stage rainwater pool through the high-level communicating pipe 8. The relatively poor initial rainwater of quality of water can be realized storing in 5 middle and lower parts of initial rainwater collecting pit because the effect of abnormal gravity flow, and the better later stage rainwater of quality of water is located the top layer and then high-order defeated entering later stage rainwater collecting pit 11 of transferring to realize the branch matter of initial rainwater and later stage rainwater and collect. When the effective water depth high-level liquid level sensor of the later-stage rainwater collection tank 11 is triggered, the electric valve on the water outlet pipe on the side surface of the water falling control groove 2 is automatically closed, then the water level in the water falling control groove 2 continuously rises to the upper limit of the effective water depth of the control groove, the pressure water falling valve is started, and rainwater is switched to the original rainwater system to be discharged.
After the initial rainwater of the initial rainwater collecting pool is preliminarily precipitated (for example, after the initial rainwater collecting pool liquid level sensor 7 times for 24 hours), the electric valve of the water outlet pipe of the pool is automatically opened, the initial rainwater subjected to solid-liquid separation enters the trickling filter 15, and the initial rainwater is filtered by the fly ash-based phosphorus removal filler and then is discharged into a water pipe for landscaping from the water outlet pipe. When the water level of the initial rainwater tank drops to the low level of the liquid level sensor in the tank, the electric valve of the water outlet pipe is automatically closed, and primary rainwater treatment and resource utilization are completed.
When the rainfall occurs for a plurality of times within 24 hours, the initial rainwater is judged not to be generated by the subsequent rainfall, the rainwater can preferentially replenish the stock of the later rainwater collecting pool 11, and then the rainwater is merged into the original downpipe 1 to be discharged through the original rainwater discharge system.
After the trickling filter liquid level sensor 23 and the later stage rainwater collection tank liquid level sensor 12 jointly control the backwashing program to start, the electric valve at the position of the trickling filter pure water outlet pipe 22 is closed, the backwashing fan 21 is started, and after the operation for 1-3min, the backwashing water outlet valve is opened, later stage rainwater is used as backwashing water and enters from the bottom to flow out from the upper water outlet to enter the sedimentation tank 24 for solid-liquid separation, after the backwashing is finished, the electric valve at the position of the pure water outlet pipe is opened, and the residual water is discharged from the pure water outlet pipe.
The backwash water is precipitated by the sedimentation tank 24 and then is connected into a water pipeline for landscaping for resource utilization. Periodically opening the mud pipe valves of the initial rainwater collecting tank 5, the later rainwater collecting tank 11 and the sedimentation tank 24, and discharging mud by using gravity to use silt as landscaping.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is a device for graded treatment and utilization of roof rainwater.
The effective volume calculation formula of the initial rainwater collecting pool is as follows:
w ═ qxf/1000 (formula 1)
In the formula, W is the effective volume of the flow abandoning pool, m 3
q is the initial rainwater flow rate of the local roof in mm
F-catchment area of each downpipe, m 2
The initial rainwater discarding flow of the roof of Nanjing city is 4mm, and the water collecting area of each downpipe of a certain cell is less than 200m 2 Then W is 4m 200/1000 m 3 。
The downpipe 1 is a PVC pipe of DN 110. The water falling control groove 2 is a rectangle processed by a stainless steel thin plate, the effective volume is 30 liters, the effective water depth is 0.5m, and the water falling control groove is additionally arranged at the position of the building roof downpipe 1 which is 2.5m away from the ground. The upper part of the downpipe control groove 2 is provided with a rainwater inlet connected with the downpipe 1, and the lower part of the downpipe control groove is provided with a normally closed pressure switch 3 connected with the downpipe 1. The rainwater gets into the control groove 2 that falls into water from pipe in the water 1 in, when collecting the rainwater earlier stage, the pressure switch 3 of the control groove 2 that falls into water is in the off-state, the rainwater flows into initial stage rainwater collecting pit 5 through the PVC pipe flow of DN120 from the side control groove outlet pipe 4 that falls into water of the control groove 2 that falls into water, after the later stage rainwater collecting pit 11 water level reaches to set for effective depth of water, the motorised valve on the control groove outlet pipe 4 that falls into water is closed, the water level in the control groove 2 that falls into water lasts to rise to effective depth of water upper limit, pressure switch 3 is opened, the rainwater is discharged from original rainwater system.
The initial rainwater collecting tank 5 is a square tank body formed by processing a stainless steel thin plate. Its effective volume is about 1.0m 3 The effective water depth is 1.0 m; the designed height is 0.15 m; DN120 PVC water inlet pipe (inlet of initial rainwater collecting tank)A water pipe 6) is connected with a water outlet pipe 4 of the water falling control groove, a high-level communicating pipe 8 is a PVC pipe of DN130, the high-level communicating pipe is connected into a later-stage rainwater collecting tank 11 from a high level 0.15m away from the top of the tank, a water outlet pipe 9 of an initial-stage rainwater collecting tank is a PVC pipe of DN120, the PVC pipe is connected out from a position 0.10m higher than the upper edge of a mud discharging hopper 10 of the initial-stage rainwater collecting tank, and a normally closed electric valve is arranged to be connected with a water inlet distribution system 16 (specifically a water inlet pipe of a trickling filter 15) of the trickling filter; the bottom of the pool is provided with a mud bucket 10 of the initial rainwater collection pool with a slope surface, the bottom of the mud bucket is provided with a PVC perforated mud pipe (the diameter of the perforated hole is 30mm) with the specification of DN100, and gravity mud discharging is adopted; a liquid level sensor 7 is arranged at a position slightly higher than the water outlet pipe, has a timing function and controls the opening and closing of an electric valve at the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe 9 of the initial rainwater collecting tank. The initial rainwater collecting tank 5 is used as a part of the collecting and treating integrated equipment, is transversely combined with the later rainwater collecting tank 11 in a public tank wall mode, and is connected and combined with the initial rainwater treatment trickling filter 15 at the lower part of the tank body column plate by utilizing the vertical extension of the tank body column plate.
The later stage rainwater collecting tank 11 is a square tank body formed by processing a stainless steel thin plate. Its effective volume is 1.0m 3 (ii) a The effective water depth is 1.0 m; the designed height is 0.15 m; later-stage rainwater enters a later-stage rainwater collecting tank 11 from a high-level communicating pipe 8 which is 0.15m away from the top of the tank; the water outlet pipe 13 of the later-stage rainwater collection tank is a three-way pipe of DN120, is arranged at a position 0.1m higher than the upper edge of the mud bucket 14 of the later-stage rainwater collection tank, adopts the design of double outlets of an electric three-way valve, one way of the electric three-way valve is connected with a back-flushing water distribution pipe of a back-flushing water distribution and distribution pipe network 20, and the other way of the electric three-way valve is connected with a water pipe for landscaping; the bottom of the pool is provided with a mud discharging hopper 14 of a rainwater collecting pool in the later stage of slope deposition, the bottom of the mud discharging hopper is provided with a DN100PVC perforated mud discharging pipe (the diameter of the perforated pipe is 30mm), and gravity mud discharging is adopted. The later stage rainwater collecting pool 11 is provided with an effective water depth high-level liquid level sensor 12, when the liquid level reaches the effective water depth high level, the water outlet electric valve of the water falling control groove 2 is triggered to be automatically closed, and then the pressure switch 3 of the water falling control adjusting groove is opened in a high water level state to guide rainwater to enter the original water falling pipe 1 for discharging; the later stage rainwater collecting tank 11 is used as a part of the collecting and processing integrated equipment, is transversely combined with the initial stage rainwater collecting tank 5 in a public tank wall mode, and is connected and combined with a backwashing water sedimentation tank 24 at the lower part of the tank body column plate by utilizing the vertical extension of the tank body column plate.
The trickling filter 15 is a square tank body processed by stainless steel sheets. The effective volume of the trickling filter 15 is 1.0m 3 The water depth above the filter layer is about 0.2m, the designed height is 0.15m, and the filter comprises a trickling filter water inlet and distribution system 16, a filter material layer 17, a supporting layer 18, a backwashing system (a backwashing water outlet 19, a backwashing air distribution and distribution pipe network 20 and a backwashing fan 21) and a trickling filter water outlet pipe 22. The trickling filter inlet water distribution system 16 consists of a DN120 inlet pipe and a water distribution plate with the aperture ratio of 30 percent, is positioned at the upper part of the trickling filter 15 and is connected with the outlet pipe 9 of the initial rainwater collection tank; the filter material layer 17 adopts waste fly ash-based phosphorus removal filler with the particle size of 2-5mm, and the height of the filler is 0.4 m; the height of the gravel bearing layer 18 is about 0.1 m; the back-flushing air distribution water distribution pipe network 20 is positioned at the lower part of the supporting layer 18, the air distribution pipe is connected with a Roots blower (namely a back-flushing blower 21) on a platform beside the filter tank, and the air-flushing strength is 15L/(s.m) 2 ) When the time for flushing is 2min, a water distribution pipe is connected with a water outlet 13 of a later rainwater collection tank, a PVC back flush water outlet 19 of DN120 is arranged 0.15m above a filter material layer 17, a normally closed electric valve is arranged at a pipe orifice, the valve is opened during water back flush, and back flush water enters a sedimentation tank 24; the water outlet pipe 22 of the trickling filter at the bottom of the filter is provided with a PVC water outlet pipe of DN120 which is connected with a water pipe for landscaping, a normally open electric valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe, and the valve is closed during backwashing. A trickling filter liquid level sensor 23 is arranged at a position of about 50mm above the upper surface of the filter material layer 17, and controls the start of backwashing together with the later rainwater collection tank liquid level sensor 12.
The sedimentation tank 24 is a square tank body processed by stainless steel sheets. Its effective volume is about 1.0m 3 (ii) a An effective water depth of about 1.0 m; the designed superelevation is 0.15 m. The tank comprises a central pipe 25, a reflecting plate 26, a sedimentation tank water outlet pipe 27 and a sedimentation tank mud bucket 28. The central tube 25 is 0.3m in diameter, is positioned in the center of the tank body, is connected with the backwashing water outlet 19 of the trickling filter, is provided with a PVC outlet pipe (sedimentation tank outlet pipe 27) of DN120 at a position 0.2m away from the bottom of the tank, and is provided with an electric valve after the solid-liquid separation of backwashing water, the electric valve is opened, and water is discharged into a water pipe for landscaping from the outlet pipe. The bottom of the pool is provided with a slope sludge accumulation and discharge hopper 28, the bottom of the hopper is provided with a PVC perforated sludge discharge pipe (the diameter of the perforated pipe is 30mm) with DN100 specification, and the gravity sludge discharge is adopted.
When rainwater enters the water falling control groove 2, the pressure switch 3 is in an initial closing state, the rainwater is guided into the initial rainwater collecting pool 5 through the water outlet pipe 4 of the side water falling control groove, and timing is started when the liquid level sensor 7 of the initial rainwater collecting pool is triggered. When the water level of the initial rainwater collecting pool 5 reaches the upper limit of the effective water depth, the later stage rainwater is transferred to the later stage rainwater pool 11 through the high-level communicating pipe 8. The relatively poor initial rainwater of quality of water can be realized storing in 5 middle and lower parts of initial rainwater collecting pit because the effect of abnormal gravity flow, and the better later stage rainwater of quality of water is located the top layer and then high-order defeated entering later stage rainwater collecting pit 11 of transferring to realize the categorised collection of initial rainwater and later stage rainwater. When later stage rainwater collecting pool level sensor 12 triggered, the motorised valve on the control tank outlet pipe 4 that falls into water was closed automatically, and the control tank 2 internal water level that falls into water thereafter lasts to rise to the control tank effective water depth upper limit and starts pressure switch 3, switches over the rainwater to original rainwater system and discharges.
For example, after the initial rainwater collection tank liquid level sensor 7 times for 24 hours, the valve of the initial rainwater collection tank water outlet pipe 9 is opened, the initial rainwater after solid-liquid separation enters the trickling filter 15, and is discharged into the landscaping water pipe from the trickling filter water outlet pipe 22 after being filtered by the fly ash-based phosphorus removal filler. When the water level of the initial rainwater collecting pool 5 is lowered to the low level of the liquid level sensor 7 of the initial rainwater collecting pool, the initial rainwater is treated. Then, whether the water level of the later-stage rainwater collection tank 11 reaches the high level of the later-stage rainwater collection tank liquid level sensor 12 and whether the water level of the trickling filter liquid level sensor 23 reaches the set liquid level is verified, if the water level of the later-stage rainwater collection tank 11 and the water level of the trickling filter liquid level sensor 23 both accord with each other, backwashing is performed, an electric valve at a position of a water outlet pipe 22 of the trickling filter is closed, a backwashing fan 21 is started, after the operation is performed for 2min, a valve at a backwashing water outlet 19 is opened, later-stage rainwater is used as backwashing water and enters from the bottom to flow out from an upper backwashing water outlet 19 to enter a sedimentation tank 24 for solid-liquid separation (the later-stage rainwater collection tank water outlet 13 is connected with a backwashing gas distribution water pipe network 20), after the backwashing is finished, the electric valve at the position of a purified water outlet pipe 22 is opened, and residual water is discharged from the purified water outlet pipe 22.
The backwashing water enters the sedimentation tank 22 for sedimentation for 6 hours and then is connected into a landscaping water pipeline. And (3) opening the mud pipe valve of the initial rainwater collecting tank 5 and the later rainwater collecting tank 11 periodically to use the silt for landscaping, and applying the sludge in the sedimentation tank 22 for on-site greening or sending the sludge to a professional manufacturer for harmless resource treatment.
If secondary rainfall occurs within 24 hours after the initial rainwater occurs, the rainwater quality is judged to be good, and the rainwater directly enters the original rainwater drainage system to be discharged without treatment.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is a device for graded treatment and utilization of roof rainwater.
The effective volume calculation formula of the initial rainwater collecting pool is as follows:
w ═ qxf/1000 (formula 2)
In the formula, W is the effective volume of the flow abandoning tank, m 3
q-flow of initial rainwater on local roof in mm
F-catchment area, m 2
Jingjiang city roof initial rainwater abandon flow 3mm, and every downpipe catchment area of certain district is less than 200m 2 Then W is 4m 200/1000 m is 0.6m 3 。
The downpipe 1 is a PVC pipe of DN 110. The water falling control groove 2 is a rectangle processed by a stainless steel thin plate, the effective volume is 20 liters, the effective water depth is 0.4m, and the water falling control groove is additionally arranged at the position of the building roof downpipe 1 which is 2.5m away from the ground. The upper part of the water falling control groove 2 is provided with a rainwater inlet connected with the water falling pipe 2, and the lower part of the water falling control groove 2 is provided with a normally closed pressure switch 3 and then connected with the water falling pipe 2. The rainwater gets into the control groove 2 that falls into water from pipe in the water 1 in, when collecting the rainwater earlier stage, pressure switch 3 is in the off-state, the rainwater is followed the control groove outlet pipe 4 that falls into water and is gone into initial stage rainwater collecting pit 5 through the PVC pipe flow of DN120, reach when the later stage rainwater collecting pit 11 water level and set for the effective depth of water after, the motorised valve on the control groove outlet pipe 4 that falls into water is closed, 2 interior water levels of control groove that fall into water continuously rise to the effective depth of water upper limit, pressure switch 3 opens, the rainwater is discharged from original rainwater system.
The initial rainwater collecting tank 5 is a square tank body processed by PVC materials. Its effective volume is about 0.8m 3 The effective water depth is 0.8 m; the designed height is 0.15 m; PVC of DN120A water pipe (an inlet pipe 6 of the initial rainwater collection tank) is connected with an outlet pipe 4 of the downpipe control tank, a high-level communicating pipe 8 is a PVC pipe of DN130, the high-level communicating pipe is connected into a later rainwater collection tank 11 from a high level 0.15m away from the top of the tank, an outlet pipe 9 of the initial rainwater collection tank is a PVC pipe of DN120, the PVC pipe is connected out from a position 0.15m higher than the upper edge of a sludge discharge hopper 10, and a normally closed electric valve is arranged to be connected with a water inlet distribution system 16 (specifically, an inlet pipe of a trickling filter 15) of the trickling filter; the bottom of the pool is provided with a mud bucket 10 of the initial rainwater collection pool with a slope surface, the bottom of the mud bucket is provided with a PVC perforated mud pipe (the diameter of the perforated hole is 20mm) with the specification of DN100, and gravity mud discharging is adopted; a position slightly higher than the water outlet pipe is provided with an initial rainwater collecting tank liquid level sensor 7 which has a timing function and controls the opening and closing of an electric valve at the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe 9 of the initial rainwater collecting tank. The initial rainwater collecting tank 5 is used as a part of the collecting and treating integrated equipment, is transversely combined with the later rainwater collecting tank 11 in a public tank wall mode, and is connected and combined with the initial rainwater treatment trickling filter 15 at the lower part of the tank body column plate by utilizing the vertical extension of the tank body column plate.
The later stage rainwater collecting tank 11 is a square tank body processed by PVC materials. Its effective volume is 0.8m 3 (ii) a The effective water depth is 0.8 m; the designed height is 0.15 m; later-stage rainwater enters a later-stage rainwater collecting tank 11 from a high-level communicating pipe 8 which is 0.15m away from the top of the tank; the water outlet 13 of the later-stage rainwater collection pool is a three-way pipe of DN120, is arranged at a position 0.15m higher than the upper edge of a mud bucket 14 of the later-stage rainwater collection pool, adopts the design of double outlets of an electric three-way valve, one way of the electric three-way valve is connected with a back-flushing water distribution pipe of a back-flushing water distribution and distribution pipe network 20, and the other way of the electric three-way valve is connected with a water pipe for landscaping; the bottom of the pool is provided with a mud discharging hopper 14 of a rainwater collecting pool in the later stage of slope deposition, the bottom of the mud discharging hopper is provided with a DN100PVC perforated mud discharging pipe (the diameter of the perforated pipe is 20mm), and gravity mud discharging is adopted. The later stage rainwater collecting pool 11 is provided with an effective water depth high-level liquid level sensor 12, when the liquid level reaches the effective water depth high level, the water outlet electric valve of the water falling control groove 2 is triggered to be automatically closed, and then the pressure switch 3 of the water falling control adjusting groove is opened in a high water level state to guide rainwater to enter the original water falling pipe 1 for discharging; the later stage rainwater collecting tank 11 is used as a part of the collecting and processing integrated equipment, is transversely combined with the initial stage rainwater collecting tank 5 in a common tank wall mode, and is connected with a backwashing water sedimentation tank 24 at the lower part of the vertical extension of a tank column plateAnd (6) mixing.
The trickling filter 15 is a square tank body processed by PVC materials. The effective volume of the trickling filter 15 is 0.8m 3 The water depth above the filter layer is about 0.2m, the designed height is 0.15m, and the filter comprises a trickling filter water inlet and distribution system 16, a filter material layer 17, a supporting layer 18, a backwashing system (a backwashing water outlet 19, a backwashing air distribution and distribution water pipe network 20 and a backwashing fan 21) and a trickling filter water outlet pipe 22. The trickling filter inlet water distribution system 16 consists of a DN120 inlet pipe and a water distribution plate with 20% of aperture ratio, is positioned at the upper part of the trickling filter 15 and is connected with the initial rainwater collection tank outlet pipe 9; the filter material layer 17 adopts waste fly ash-based phosphorus removal filler with the particle size of 2-5mm, and the height of the filler is 0.4 m; the height of the gravel bearing layer 18 is about 0.1 m; the back-flushing air distribution water distribution pipe network 20 is positioned at the lower part of the supporting layer 18, the air distribution pipe is connected with a Roots blower (namely a back-flushing blower 21) on a platform beside the filter tank, and the air-flushing strength is 13L/(s.m) 2 ) When the time for flushing is 2min, a water distribution pipe is connected with a water outlet 13 of a later rainwater collection tank, a PVC back flush water outlet 19 of DN120 is arranged 0.2m above a filter material layer 17, a normally closed electric valve is arranged at a pipe orifice, the valve is opened during water back flush, and back flush water enters a sedimentation tank 24; the water outlet pipe 22 of the trickling filter at the bottom of the filter is provided with a PVC water outlet pipe of DN120 which is connected with a water pipe for landscaping, a normally open electric valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe, and the valve is closed during backwashing. A trickling filter liquid level sensor 23 is arranged at a position of about 40mm of the upper surface of the filter material layer 17, and controls the back washing to be started together with the later rainwater collection tank liquid level sensor 12.
The sedimentation tank 24 is a square tank body processed by PVC material. Its effective volume is about 0.8m 3 (ii) a Effective water depth of about 0.8 m; the designed superelevation is 0.15 m. The tank comprises a central pipe 25, a reflecting plate 26, a sedimentation tank water outlet pipe 27 and a sedimentation tank mud bucket 28. The diameter of the central pipe 25 is 0.25m, the central pipe is positioned in the center of the tank body and is connected with the backwashing water outlet 19 of the trickling filter, a PVC water outlet pipe 27 of DN120 is arranged at a position 0.15m away from the bottom of the tank, an electric valve is arranged at the pipe orifice, after the backwashing water is subjected to solid-liquid separation, the electric valve is opened, and water is discharged into a water pipe for landscaping from the water outlet pipe. The bottom of the pool is provided with a slope sludge accumulation and discharge hopper 28, the bottom of the hopper is provided with a PVC perforated sludge discharge pipe (the diameter of the perforated pipe is 20mm) with DN100 specification, and the gravity sludge discharge is adopted.
When rainwater enters the water falling control groove 2, the pressure switch 3 is in an initial closing state, rainwater is guided into the initial rainwater collecting tank 5 through the water falling control groove water outlet pipe 4, and timing is started when the initial rainwater collecting tank high liquid level sensor 7 is triggered. When the water level of the initial rainwater collecting pool 5 reaches the upper limit of the effective water depth, the later stage rainwater is transferred to the later stage rainwater pool 11 through the high-level communicating pipe 8. The relatively poor initial rainwater of quality of water can be realized storing in 5 middle and lower parts of initial rainwater collecting pit because the effect of abnormal gravity flow, and the better later stage rainwater of quality of water is located the top layer and then high-order defeated entering later stage rainwater collecting pit 11 of transferring to realize the categorised collection of initial rainwater and later stage rainwater. When later stage rainwater collecting pool level sensor 12 triggered, the motorised valve on the control tank outlet pipe 4 that falls into water was closed automatically, and the control tank 2 internal water level that falls into water thereafter lasts to rise to the control tank effective water depth upper limit and starts pressure switch 3, switches over the rainwater to original rainwater system and discharges.
After the initial rainwater collecting tank liquid level sensor 7 times for 24 hours, a valve of a water outlet pipe 9 of the initial rainwater collecting tank is opened, the initial rainwater subjected to solid-liquid separation enters the trickling filter 15, and is discharged into a water pipe for landscaping from a water outlet pipe 22 of the trickling filter after being filtered by the fly ash-based phosphorus removal filler. When the water level of the initial rainwater collecting pool 5 is reduced to the low level of the liquid level sensor 7 of the initial rainwater collecting pool, the initial rainwater is treated. At this moment, the later stage rainwater collecting pool 11 water level is verified and found not to reach the 12 high positions of the liquid level sensor, back washing is not carried out, and 11 rainwater in the later stage rainwater collecting pool is directly discharged into a water pipe for landscaping.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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| CN116537310A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-08-04 | 南通市达欣工程股份有限公司 | Building site rainwater collection and utilization device and application method |
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