CN114807799A - Electromagnetic field pressurizing solidification method and device for laser forming - Google Patents
Electromagnetic field pressurizing solidification method and device for laser forming Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 142
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
- C22F3/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons by solidifying a melt controlled by supersonic waves or electric or magnetic fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic field pressurizing and solidifying method and device for laser forming, wherein the method comprises the following steps: arranging two magnets along the length direction of a metal sample to be processed, and clamping the metal sample to be processed between the two magnets; communicating a metal sample to be processed with a lead so that current flows along the length direction of the metal sample to be processed; melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal by adopting laser to form a molten pool; in the process of solidifying the molten pool, simultaneously applying current and a magnetic field to a metal sample to be processed, controlling the direction of the magnetic field to be vertical to the direction of the current, forming a vertically downward Lorentz force on the surface of molten metal to act on the molten metal, and applying pressure to the molten pool to form a compact part. The invention applies pressure to a molten pool formed by laser through electromagnetic action, and the molten metal is solidified under the action of the pressure, thereby promoting the formation of a compact solidified structure in the molten pool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to an electromagnetic field pressurizing and solidifying method and device for laser forming.
Background
In the process of melting and forming metal by using laser (including powder bed laser melting technology, laser surface cladding technology, laser welding, laser surface modification technology), pores are easy to exist in a molten pool due to key holes, dissolved gas precipitation, gas entrainment and the like, so that the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the material are deteriorated, and the service life of the material is shortened. These voids are difficult to eliminate in the microfusion pool.
The pressurized solidification is a means for effectively eliminating the looseness and the shrinkage cavity in the casting field. By applying pressure to the molten metal, the metal is promoted to be filled into the defects such as pores and the like, and the pores can be compressed; the purpose of eliminating the pore defects in the casting is achieved, and the casting with excellent mechanical property is obtained. However, in a series of novel processing technologies represented by the powder bed laser melting technology, a molten pool caused by laser is fine (the width of the molten pool formed by the powder bed laser melting technology is about 100 μm), the solidification speed of molten metal in the molten pool is high, and pressure cannot be applied to the molten metal in a micro-molten pool in a traditional mode.
Through retrieval and discovery, the Chinese patent with the application publication number of CN106987838A discloses a laser cladding device and a method for removing pores/inclusions of a laser cladding layer, and the laser cladding device comprises a workbench, a laser cladding powder feeder arranged in front of the workbench and a laser composite processing head positioned above the workbench, wherein the laser composite processing head comprises an electrode, an induction coil, a laser guide tube, a magnet, a working magnetic pole I and a working magnetic pole II, the magnet provides an alternating magnetic field between the working magnetic pole I and the working magnetic pole II to act on the surface of a workpiece, the laser cladding powder feeder adds a laser cladding material to the surface of the workpiece, and the laser outputs a laser beam to carry out laser cladding on the surface of the workpiece. The invention can reduce air holes and nonmetallic inclusions in the aluminum alloy laser cladding layer and obviously improve the quality of the laser cladding layer. However, the present invention still has the following problems: an alternating magnetic field is applied to the surface of the molten pool only, and then an induced current is generated in the molten pool by the alternating magnetic field, so that Lorentz force is generated. In addition, the induced current intensity is proportional to the change rate of the alternating magnetic field, and the lorentn magnetic force is related to the magnetic field intensity and the current magnitude at the same time, so that the constant lorentn magnetic force cannot be generated in the molten pool.
The invention discloses a variable-posture laser cladding processing method and a processing device, wherein a current generating device generates current, a magnetic field generating device generates magnetic field, the magnetic field and the current act together to form Lorentz force in a molten pool of laser cladding processing, so that the self gravity of a laser cladding layer formed on a non-horizontal surface to be processed is balanced, the laser cladding layer is prevented from flowing downwards under the action of gravity to cause the deformation of the laser cladding layer, and the remanufacturing precision of the variable-posture laser cladding is improved. However, the present invention still has the following problems: when laser cladding is carried out on an inclined surface, the molten pool is subjected to gravity and lacks of substrate support (substrate inclination) to cause the molten metal to flow, and the invention needs to adjust the Loran magnetic force to enable the component force in the vertical direction to be opposite to the gravity direction so as to counteract the action of gravity and support the molten metal without deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an electromagnetic field pressurizing solidification method and device for laser forming.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming, including:
clamping the metal sample to be processed between the two magnets through the two magnets arranged in the length direction of the metal sample to be processed;
communicating a metal sample to be processed with a lead, so that current flows horizontally along the length direction of the metal sample to be processed;
melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal by adopting laser to form a molten pool;
in the process of solidifying the molten pool, simultaneously applying current and a magnetic field to a metal sample to be processed, controlling the direction of the magnetic field to be vertical to the direction of the current, forming a vertically downward Lorentz force on the surface of molten metal to act on the molten metal, and applying pressure to the molten pool to form a compact part.
Further, the melting of the metal sample to be processed into molten metal by using laser to form a molten pool comprises: the laser power is 0.1-5Kw, and the moving speed is 3-2000 mm/s.
Further, the simultaneously applying current and magnetic field to the metal sample to be processed comprises: the applied magnetic field strength is 0-2T.
Further, the simultaneously applying current and magnetic field to the metal sample to be processed comprises: the applied current density is 0-20A/cm 2 。
Further, the forming of the Lorentz force vertically downward on the surface of the molten metal acts on the molten metal to apply pressure to the molten pool, and the forming of the Lorentz force comprises the following steps: the magnitude of the pressure applied to the molten pool is adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the current and the magnetic field.
Further, the clamping the metal sample to be processed between the two magnets by the two magnets arranged in the length direction of the metal sample to be processed includes: the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
Further, the clamping the metal sample to be processed between the two magnets by the two magnets arranged in the length direction of the metal sample to be processed includes: the metal sample to be processed is a metal piece or metal powder.
Further, before the two magnets arranged in the longitudinal direction of the metal sample to be processed sandwich the metal sample to be processed, the method further comprises the following steps: and pretreating the metal sample to be processed, wherein the pretreatment comprises sand blasting and polishing, derusting and deoiling treatment on the surface of the metal sample to be processed.
Further, the method is used for parts manufactured by any one of laser cladding, laser welding and laser additive manufacturing.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for implementing the electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming described above, the apparatus comprising:
the two magnets are oppositely arranged, a gap for placing a metal sample to be processed is reserved between the two magnets, and the two magnets are configured to be placed at two ends of the metal sample to be processed in the length direction;
the wire is used for connecting a metal sample to be processed, and the current passing through the wire is set to flow along the length direction of the metal sample to be processed;
the laser is used for melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal to form a molten pool;
during solidification of the molten pool, the wire and the two magnets are configured to simultaneously apply current and magnetic fields to a metal sample to be processed, so that a vertically downward Lorentz force is formed on the surface of molten metal and acts on the molten metal, and pressure is applied to the molten pool to form a compact part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an electromagnetic field pressurizing and solidifying method and device for laser forming, which are characterized in that an electric field and a magnetic field are simultaneously applied to a molten pool through two magnets respectively arranged at two ends of a metal sample to be processed in the length direction and an induction coil with horizontal flowing current along the length direction of the metal sample to be processed, vertical downward pressure is applied to the molten pool formed by laser through electromagnetic action, and molten metal is solidified under the action of the pressure, so that the feeding of the molten metal can be promoted, residual air holes are compressed, and a part with high density is formed. Compared with the prior art, the magnetic field and the current in the invention can be respectively adjusted, so that constant Lorentz force can be formed, the size of the Lorentz force can be adjusted according to requirements, and a compact solidification structure can be more effectively promoted to be formed in a molten pool.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic field compression solidification device for laser forming according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the results of laser forming of laser remelted K439B superalloy in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the drawings described above are used for distinguishing similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular order or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
In the prior art, two magnetic poles are oppositely arranged and are positioned above the molten pool, the alternating magnetic field in the two magnetic poles forms current in a vertical direction in the molten pool, so that Lorentz force caused in the molten pool is positioned in a horizontal direction instead of the vertical direction, and vertical downward pressure cannot be applied to the molten pool. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming, and with reference to fig. 1, the method includes:
s1, clamping the metal sample to be processed between two magnets through the two magnets arranged in the length direction of the metal sample to be processed (namely, a metal piece); the magnets can be permanent magnets or electromagnets, and the magnetic poles of the magnets which are oppositely arranged are different;
s2, communicating the metal sample to be processed with a lead so that current flows horizontally along the length direction of the metal sample to be processed; independently generating a magnetic field by adopting a magnet, and introducing current into a molten pool through a lead (namely, forming current in metal to be processed);
s3, melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal by adopting laser to form a molten pool;
s4, in the solidification process of the molten pool, applying current and a magnetic field to the metal sample to be processed simultaneously, controlling the direction of the magnetic field to be vertical to the direction of the current, forming a vertically downward Lorentz force on the surface of molten metal to act on the molten metal, applying pressure to the molten pool, and forming a compact part.
The current has skin effect in the alloy, namely the current is gathered on the surface of the alloy, compared with solid metal, the resistivity of molten metal liquid is increased, but the molten metal liquid is still conductive, therefore, in the laser processing process, the current flows through the surface of a molten pool, meanwhile, a proper magnetic field is applied, meanwhile, an electric field and a magnetic field are applied, Lorentz force is generated on the surface of the molten pool through electromagnetic action, pressure is applied to the molten pool formed by laser, the molten metal is solidified under the action of the pressure, the molten liquid feeding is promoted, residual pores are compressed, and the defects such as pores can be eliminated.
During laser machining, the input power (mainly determined by the laser power and the moving speed) is an important factor influencing the machining quality. In the laser powder bed fusion technology, the common laser power is 100-; in the laser cladding technology, the laser power is generally 1-5Kw, and the laser moving speed is generally less than 20 mm/s. In some preferred embodiments, melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal by using a laser to form a molten pool, comprises: the laser power is 0.1-5Kw, the moving speed is 3-2000mm/s, so as to comprise a plurality of laser processing technologies.
Magnetic field and current densityThe magnitude is mainly determined according to the required Lorentz force, and the magnitude of the Lorentz force applied to the liquid metal in the molten pool in the vertical and downward direction is related to the processing parameters such as the type of alloy, the laser power and the like. For example, the melt viscosity of light alloy (such as Al alloy) is low under the action of high-power laser, and lower Lorenz force is suitable for being adopted; when the laser power is low, or a melt with a high viscosity is processed, a high lorentz force is required to deform the melt. In some preferred embodiments, simultaneously applying an electric current and a magnetic field to a metal specimen to be processed comprises: the applied magnetic field strength is 0-2T, and the applied current density is 0-20A/cm 2 。
In order to promote the molten metal feeding and compress the residual air holes to form a high-density part, the Lorentz force can be adjusted to be vertically downward by adjusting the magnetic field and the current direction to apply pressure to the molten pool, and in some preferred embodiments, the Lorentz force which is vertically downward and is formed on the surface of the molten metal acts on the molten metal to apply pressure to the molten pool, and the method comprises the following steps: the magnitude of the pressure applied to the molten pool is adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the current and the magnetic field. The amount of pressure applied to the molten bath is determined by actual tests, specifically by observing and measuring the proportion of residual voids in the molten bath after the application of pressure. When the residual voids are minimal, then the applied pressure is determined to be appropriate.
In some preferred embodiments, sandwiching the metal sample to be processed between two magnets arranged in a length direction of the metal sample to be processed, includes: the metal sample to be processed is a metal piece or metal powder; the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet to apply a magnetic field to the metal sample to be processed.
In order to improve the effect of laser processing and shaping of the metal sample to be processed, in some preferred embodiments, before the metal sample to be processed is sandwiched between two magnets arranged in the length direction of the metal sample to be processed, the method further comprises: and pretreating the metal sample to be processed, wherein the pretreatment comprises sand blasting and polishing, derusting and deoiling treatment on the surface of the metal sample to be processed.
In some preferred embodiments, the method is used for components manufactured using any one of laser cladding, laser welding, and laser additive manufacturing. It should be noted that the specific parameters required for different technologies are different. The laser additive manufacturing, the laser cladding and the laser welding have the same mechanism in the solidification process, and all adopt laser to melt metal and then solidify and form. Due to the fact that the sizes of laser spots adopted are different, the sizes of formed molten pools are different, and therefore parameters are different when the method in the embodiment of the invention is applied. Even if the same technique is used, the specific parameters will change due to the differences in alloy composition and processing parameters (e.g., laser power, laser moving rate). Suitable parameters for different technologies are determined according to actual conditions and specific experimental requirements.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses an electromagnetic field pressurizing and solidifying device for laser forming, which is used for realizing the electromagnetic field pressurizing and solidifying method for laser forming in the embodiment, and the device comprises: the two magnets are oppositely arranged, a gap for placing a metal sample to be processed is reserved between the two magnets, and the two magnets are configured to be placed at two ends of the metal sample to be processed in the length direction; the wire is used for connecting a metal sample to be processed, and the current passing through the wire is set to flow along the length direction of the metal sample to be processed; and the laser is used for melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal, the wire and the two magnets are configured to simultaneously apply current and a magnetic field to the metal sample to be processed in the solidification process of the molten pool, a vertically downward Lorentz force is formed on the surface of the molten metal and acts on the molten metal, and pressure is applied to the molten pool to form a compact part.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, a metal sample to be processed is electrified, and opposite magnets (electromagnets or permanent magnets) are arranged in a direction parallel to the current discharge direction, so that the direction of a magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of the current, and the lorentz force generated in the metal sample to be processed is perpendicular to the bottom of the part; then melting the metal sample to be processed by adopting laser to form a molten pool; in the process of solidifying the molten pool, Lorentz force formed on the surface of the molten metal acts on the molten metal to promote a compact solidification structure to be formed in the molten pool.
The embodiment of the invention applies direct current and a magnetic field simultaneously in the metal sample to be processed, the current and the magnetic field can be independently controlled, and the magnitude of the Lorentz force generated by the current and the magnetic field can be adjusted. In addition, the current flows horizontally at the surface of the molten bath, and the Loran magnetic force is adjusted to be the same as the gravity direction of the molten bath, so that the Loran magnetic force exerts additional vertical downward pressure on the molten bath to inhibit gas holes.
Taking laser remelting K439B superalloy as an example, experiments are respectively carried out in a pressurized solidification method and a non-pressurized solidification method, and the experimental parameters adopted by the pressurized solidification method are as follows:
firstly, the length, width and height are respectively 100 multiplied by 8 multiplied by 5mm 3 The surface of the K439B high-temperature alloy sample is subjected to sand blasting, rust removal and oil removal;
arranging two magnets along the length direction of the alloy, clamping the alloy sample between the magnets, wherein the magnetic field intensity is 1T;
thirdly, the alloy sample is communicated with a lead, so that current flows along the length direction of the alloy sample, and the current density is 13A;
and (IV) melting the alloy or powder surface layer by adopting laser, wherein the laser power is 1300W, and the moving speed is 5 mm/s.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 2, in which (a) and (b) are electron microscope pictures at the same magnification; FIG. 2(a) is an unpressurized superficial structure, in which a large number of pores are visible; in FIG. 2(b), the molten metal is solidified by applying a pressure to the micro bath, and it can be seen that pores in the surface layer structure are significantly reduced.
According to the electromagnetic field pressurizing and solidifying method and device for laser forming in the embodiment of the invention, the electric field and the magnetic field are simultaneously applied to the molten pool, the vertical downward pressure is applied to the molten pool formed by the laser through the electromagnetic action, and the molten metal is solidified under the action of the pressure, so that the molten metal can be promoted to be fed and residual pores can be compressed, and a high-density part can be formed.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above-described preferred features may be used in any combination without conflict with each other.
Claims (10)
1. An electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming, comprising:
clamping the metal sample to be processed between the two magnets through the two magnets arranged in the length direction of the metal sample to be processed;
communicating a metal sample to be processed with a lead, so that current flows horizontally along the length direction of the metal sample to be processed;
melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal by adopting laser to form a molten pool;
in the process of solidifying the molten pool, simultaneously applying current and a magnetic field to a metal sample to be processed, controlling the direction of the magnetic field to be vertical to the direction of the current, forming a vertically downward Lorentz force on the surface of molten metal to act on the molten metal, and applying pressure to the molten pool to form a compact part.
2. The electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to claim 1, wherein the melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal by using laser to form a molten pool comprises: the laser power is 0.1-5Kw, and the moving speed is 3-2000 mm/s.
3. The electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to claim 1, wherein the simultaneous application of the current and the magnetic field to the metal sample to be processed includes: the applied magnetic field strength is 0-2T.
4. The electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to claim 1, wherein the simultaneous application of the current and the magnetic field to the metal sample to be processed includes: the applied current density is 0-20A/cm 2 。
5. The electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the Lorentz force on the surface of the molten metal in a vertically downward direction acts on the molten metal to apply pressure to the molten pool, and comprises: the magnitude of the pressure applied to the molten pool is adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the current and the magnetic field.
6. The electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to claim 1, wherein the sandwiching of the metal sample to be processed by two magnets arranged in a length direction of the metal sample to be processed includes: the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
7. The electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to claim 1, wherein the sandwiching of the metal sample to be processed by two magnets arranged in a length direction of the metal sample to be processed includes: the metal sample to be processed is a metal piece or metal powder.
8. The electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to claim 1, wherein before the two magnets arranged in a longitudinal direction of the metal sample to be processed sandwich the metal sample to be processed, further comprising: and pretreating the metal sample to be processed, wherein the pretreatment comprises sand blasting and polishing, derusting and deoiling treatment on the surface of the metal sample to be processed.
9. The electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for a part manufactured by any one of laser cladding, laser welding and laser additive manufacturing.
10. An apparatus for implementing the electromagnetic field pressure solidification method for laser forming according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising:
the two magnets are oppositely arranged, a gap for placing a metal sample to be processed is reserved between the two magnets, and the two magnets are configured to be placed at two ends of the metal sample to be processed in the length direction;
the wire is used for connecting a metal sample to be processed, and the current passing through the wire is set to flow along the length direction of the metal sample to be processed;
the laser is used for melting a metal sample to be processed into molten metal to form a molten pool;
during solidification of the molten pool, the wire and the two magnets are configured to simultaneously apply current and magnetic fields to a metal sample to be processed, so that a vertically downward Lorentz force is formed on the surface of molten metal and acts on the molten metal, and pressure is applied to the molten pool to form a compact part.
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| CN116145129A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-05-23 | 贵州大学 | Electromagnetic auxiliary high-speed rotating shaft laser cladding test device |
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