CN114804808A - Ceramic fiber filter element and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

Ceramic fiber filter element and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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CN114804808A
CN114804808A CN202210598999.9A CN202210598999A CN114804808A CN 114804808 A CN114804808 A CN 114804808A CN 202210598999 A CN202210598999 A CN 202210598999A CN 114804808 A CN114804808 A CN 114804808A
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ceramic fiber
filter element
fiber filter
ceramic
mixture
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余剑
李长明
马铭宇
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Nanjing Chibo Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2652—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
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    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C04B24/383—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
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    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/005—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing gelatineous or gel forming binders, e.g. gelatineous Al(OH)3, sol-gel binders
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    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation process of a ceramic fiber filter element, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, carrying out short-cutting homogenization treatment on ceramic fibers; s2, respectively taking the ceramic fiber, the low-temperature binder and the high-temperature binder, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture is (1-10): 2-10: 5-15; s3, injecting the obtained mixture into a grinding tool for forming; and S4, demolding the molded ceramic fiber filter core template, and drying to obtain a finished ceramic fiber filter core product. The ceramic fiber filter element obtained by the method has excellent fracture and compression resistance and high porosity.

Description

Ceramic fiber filter element and preparation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ceramic filter elements, and particularly relates to a ceramic fiber filter element and a preparation process thereof.
Background
NO x Is one of the most main pollutants in industrial exhaust smoke, can cause serious environmental pollution such as photochemical smog, acid rain and the like, and is harmful to human health. It is mainly from fuel combustion process in industries of electric power, ferrous metallurgy, coking, cement building materials and the like. With the increasing importance of China on environmental protection, the pollutant emission of enterprises is increasingly strictly limited. The emission of nitrogen oxides is one of important indexes for controlling emission of enterprises in China, a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) method is a mainstream technology for removing nitrogen oxides from a fixed source in the world at present, wherein the research and application of a medium-temperature SCR denitration catalyst are mature, for example, a vanadium-based catalyst has excellent sulfur resistance and water resistance in a flue gas environment of 180-450 ℃, and is widely applied to denitration units in industries such as electric power, coking, cement and the like. The catalytic materials currently available for SCR processes include honeycombs from which the catalyst is directly formed and particulate catalytic materials, with the catalytic material supports including flexible catalytic filter bags and rigid catalytic filter elements. The honeycomb catalytic material is suitable for the fields of electric power, coking, sintering and the like with large smoke volume, and the granular catalytic material is suitable for a diffusion bed, a moving bed reactor and the like. The catalytic material carrier has denitration and dust removal functions, wherein the rigid catalytic filter element is suitable for denitration and dust removal of flue gas such as glass, cement and biomass power generation, and the flexible catalytic filter bag is suitable for low-sulfur flue gas such as waste incineration, solid waste incineration and lime kiln low-sulfur flue gas. Compared with a catalytic filter bag, the catalytic filter element has good mechanical strength and chemical stability in a wider temperature range. In addition, in the process of purifying the flue gas of the catalytic filter element, dust and waste desulfurizer are removed through the dust removal compact membrane on the outer layer of the filter element, thereby protecting the filter element loaded insideSO is prevented from the denitration catalyst 2 And poisoning of harmful substances such as alkali and alkaline earth metals.
The catalytic filter element is prepared by implanting a nano denitration catalyst on the basis of a high-temperature dust removal ceramic filter element. The ceramic filter element used as the base body of the catalytic filter element is generally a cylindrical pipe, and the ceramic filter element fiber mainly comprises aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, mullite and the like and is prepared by ceramic particle accumulation or ceramic fiber vacuum forming. At present, only ceramic membrane filter cores which take alumina and silicon carbide as raw materials are reported in China at Shandong industrial pottery institute, Nanjing industry university and the like. However, the ceramic fiber filter elements have the problems of small smoke treatment capacity, low porosity, fragile texture, easy breakage and the like, and are difficult to realize large-scale use.
CN 108434870 proposes a filter element type carrier and a preparation method thereof, wherein ceramic fiber, a binder and water are mixed according to a mixing mass ratio of 1: 0.1-0.3: 100, then carrying out negative pressure forming and demoulding to obtain a filter element type carrier primary blank; and drying the primary blank of the filter element type carrier to obtain the filter element type carrier. CN 101966410 proposes a preparation method of a high-temperature resistant ceramic fiber gas filter material, firstly, ceramic fibers and a bonding solution are sintered into a ceramic fiber support body according to the mass ratio of 0.5-1.5: 100; and mixing the calcium silicate and the bonding solution according to the mass ratio of 0.5-1.5: 100, uniformly stirring, coating the mixture on the surface of the ceramic fiber support body, drying and sintering to obtain a finished product.
At present, the ceramic fiber filter element applied to the industry has the problems of large brittleness, easy breakage and the like in the processes of transportation, coating and application due to overlarge length and overweight weight, and the problem of overlarge pressure drop and the like in the industrial application process due to a fine pore channel, so that the development of the large-pore-channel ceramic fiber filter element with high toughness at low temperature and high strength at high temperature can greatly improve the service life and the loss cost of the filter element.
At present, two types of binders mainly used for filter element forming in industry are organic binders and inorganic binders, wherein the organic binders comprise starch, cellulose, polyacrylamide and the like, and the organic binders have the advantages of simple forming, low manufacturing cost, strong toughness at low temperature and the like, but the organic binders react with oxygen in smoke at high temperature to burn and lose efficacy, so the organic binders are not suitable for being used at high temperature. The inorganic catalyst mainly comprises two types of silica sol and aluminum sol, the inorganic binder has good strength at high temperature, but the bonded ceramic fiber filter element has larger brittleness and is easy to damage due to human factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of large brittleness, easy breakage and insufficient strength at high temperature of the existing ceramic fiber catalytic filter element at present, the formula and the preparation process of the ceramic fiber filter element formed by bonding organic binder and inorganic binder are provided. Meanwhile, under the action of high-temperature flue gas, the organic binder on the ceramic fiber catalytic filter element can be combusted to generate new pore channels, which is beneficial to increasing the specific surface area and the diffusion of gas on the surface of the catalytic filter element.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a preparation process of a ceramic fiber filter element, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out short-cutting homogenization treatment on ceramic fibers;
s2, respectively taking the ceramic fiber, the low-temperature binder and the high-temperature binder, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the mixture is 1-10: 2-10: 5-15;
s3, injecting the obtained mixture into a grinding tool for forming;
and S4, demolding the molded ceramic fiber filter core template, and drying to obtain a finished ceramic fiber filter core product.
Preferably, the ceramic fibers comprise calcium silicate ceramic, aluminum silicate ceramic, or mullite ceramic.
Preferably, the low-temperature binder is prepared by mixing an organic matter and water according to the weight ratio of 4-20: 100.
Preferably, the low-temperature binder is formed by mixing an organic matter and water according to a weight ratio of 5-10: 100.
Preferably, the organic matter is selected from one or a mixture of at least two of starch, cellulose and polyacrylamide.
Preferably, the high-temperature binder is one or a mixture of at least two of silica sol, aluminum sol and water glass, and the weight percentage of the inorganic compound to the water is 15-30: 100.
preferably, the high-temperature binder is selected from one or a mixture of at least two of silica sol, aluminum sol and water glass, wherein the weight percentage of the inorganic compound to the water is 15-20: 100.
preferably, the forming mode is suction filtration forming or extrusion forming.
Preferably, the drying conditions are: the temperature is 20-150 ℃, and the time is 8-36 h.
Preferably, the drying conditions are: the temperature is 80-150 ℃, and the time is 12-24 h.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a ceramic fiber filter core which is prepared by using ceramic fibers (aluminum silicate, calcium silicate and mullite) as a base material, using starch, cellulose or polyacrylamide as a low-temperature binder, using silica sol, alumina sol or water glass as a high-temperature binder, using the low-temperature binder and the high-temperature binder together to bond the ceramic fiber filter core, and drying and molding the ceramic fiber filter core. The ceramic filter element has good toughness and strength at low temperature, and can bear various mechanical impacts and abrasion; the high-temperature adhesive has good hardness at high temperature, can ensure the normal operation of the filter element function, and the low-temperature adhesive burns at high temperature and generates new pore channels, thereby increasing the porosity, ensuring the smooth gas diffusion and reducing the pressure drop.
(2) The novel ceramic fiber filter element manufacturing method provided by the invention comprises a low-temperature binder and a high-temperature binder, wherein the low-temperature binder generally has good toughness and good breaking and pressure resistance, and because common organic matters in the low-temperature binder contain long-chain macromolecules which are generally connected and entangled by hydrogen bonds, the substances bonded by the organic binder generally have good elasticity and toughness and have strong resistance (such as falling, bending and collision) to external impact; however, organic materials used as low-temperature binders do not have high-temperature resistance and burn out under the action of high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature adhesive is mainly silica sol, alumina sol, water glass and the like, is connected through intermolecular force after being dried, and therefore is generally high in strength and hardness, but is high in brittleness, weak in resistance to external impact, high in high-temperature resistance, and capable of guaranteeing normal operation in a high-temperature smoke environment. Meanwhile, after the organic matter serving as the low-temperature binder is burnt out, a part of pore channels of the ceramic fiber filter element are released, so that the function of a pore-forming agent is achieved, and the porosity of the ceramic fiber is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of temperature versus pressure drop for ceramic filter elements of examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below in a clear and complete manner with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
And (2) carrying out short-cut homogenization treatment on the calcium silicate ceramic fiber, wherein the mass ratio of industrial starch to water is 5:100, and preparing a low-temperature binder, wherein the alumina sol (the weight ratio of the inorganic compound to the water is 20: 100) is taken as the high-temperature binder. Taking ceramic fibers: low-temperature binder: the mass ratio of the high-temperature binder is 5: 10:10, uniformly mixing and stirring, injecting into a mould for forming, and drying at 105 ℃ for 12 h after demoulding to obtain a finished product of the ceramic fiber filter element.
Example 2
Taking aluminum silicate ceramic fibers for short-cutting homogenization treatment, wherein the mass ratio of cellulose to water is 10:100, and preparing a low-temperature binder, wherein silica sol (the weight ratio of the inorganic compound to water is 30: 100) is taken as a high-temperature binder. Taking ceramic fibers: low-temperature binder: the mass ratio of the high-temperature binder is 4: 15: 15, uniformly mixing and stirring, injecting into a mould for forming, and drying at 120 ℃ for 12 h after demoulding to obtain a finished product of the ceramic fiber filter element.
Example 3
Uniformly mixing calcium silicate ceramic fibers and mullite ceramic fibers, and performing short-cut homogenization treatment, wherein the mass ratio of industrial starch, polyacrylamide and water is 5: 5:100, and preparing a low-temperature binder, and uniformly mixing an aluminum sol (the weight ratio of an inorganic compound to water is 20: 100) and a silica sol (the weight ratio of the inorganic compound to water is 30: 100) to obtain a high-temperature binder. Taking ceramic fiber: low-temperature binder: the mass ratio of the high-temperature binder is 5: 15: 15, uniformly mixing and stirring, injecting into a mould for forming, and drying for 24 hours at 120 ℃ after demoulding to obtain a finished product of the ceramic fiber filter core.
Comparative example 1
Mixing aluminosilicate ceramic fiber, silica sol with the mass concentration of 25% and water according to the ratio of l: 0.4: 100 to obtain a mixed solution, molding by using a mold, demolding, and drying at 105 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the finished filter element type carrier.
Test example 1 Performance test of ceramic Filter core
The finished filter elements of examples 1, 2 and 3 and comparative example 1 were measured for channel parameters by mercury intrusion method and for compressive strength by a compressive tester. The original examples and their properties after 5 h of burning at 500 c were tested and the results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the ceramic Filter elements
Figure 572201DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from the results of table 1, the ceramic filter elements of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are significantly better in porosity and compressive strength than those of comparative example 1.
Test example 2 Effect detection of ceramic Filter core
After the products of examples 1, 2 and 3 and comparative example 1 were surface-coated with 7% V/W/Ti-based SCR catalyst slurry and dried, pressure drop at various temperatures was measured using a differential pressure gauge under a nitrogen atmosphere of 2L/min, and the results are shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the ceramic fiber filter cartridges of examples 1-3 of the present invention have a significantly lower pressure drop and therefore a better pressure resistance as the temperature increases compared to comparative example 1.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation process of a ceramic fiber filter element is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out short-cutting homogenization treatment on ceramic fibers;
s2, respectively taking the ceramic fiber, the low-temperature binder and the high-temperature binder, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the mixture is 1-10: 2-10: 5-15;
s3, injecting the obtained mixture into a grinding tool for forming;
and S4, demolding the molded ceramic fiber filter core template, and drying to obtain a finished ceramic fiber filter core product.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the ceramic fibers comprise calcium silicate ceramic, aluminum silicate ceramic, or mullite ceramic.
3. The preparation process of the ceramic fiber filter element according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature binder is prepared by mixing an organic substance and water according to a weight ratio of 4-20: 100.
4. The preparation process of the ceramic fiber filter element according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature binder is prepared by mixing an organic substance and water according to a weight ratio of 5-10: 100.
5. A process for preparing a ceramic fiber filter element according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the organic substance is selected from one or a mixture of at least two of starch, cellulose and polyacrylamide.
6. The preparation process of the ceramic fiber filter element according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature binder is one or a mixture of at least two of silica sol, alumina sol and water glass, and the weight percentage of the inorganic compound to water is 15-30: 100.
7. the process for preparing a ceramic fiber filter element according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature binder is one or a mixture of at least two of silica sol, alumina sol and water glass, wherein the weight percentage of the inorganic compound to the water is 15-20: 100.
8. the preparation process of the ceramic fiber filter element according to claim 1, wherein the forming mode is suction filtration forming or extrusion forming.
9. The process for preparing a ceramic fiber filter element according to claim 1, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-150 ℃, and the time is 8-36 h.
10. The process for preparing a ceramic fiber filter element according to claim 1, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the temperature is 80-150 ℃, and the time is 12-24 h.
CN202210598999.9A 2022-05-30 2022-05-30 Ceramic fiber filter element and preparation process thereof Pending CN114804808A (en)

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CN101966410A (en) * 2010-10-22 2011-02-09 合肥丰德科技有限公司 Preparation method of high temperature resistant ceramic fiber gas filter material
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CN108727003A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-02 山东鲁阳节能材料股份有限公司 A kind of fire resistant filter material and preparation method thereof and high temperature resistant dedusting chimney filter
CN108993029A (en) * 2018-08-10 2018-12-14 山东鲁阳节能材料股份有限公司 A kind of high-temperature dust removal chimney filter and preparation method thereof
CN109665764A (en) * 2019-02-27 2019-04-23 盐城飞潮环保技术有限公司 A kind of pyroceram fibre pipe
CN110922201A (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-03-27 新乡市天诚航空净化设备有限公司 Preparation method of ceramic fiber filter element, filter element and preparation system
CN111285702A (en) * 2020-02-20 2020-06-16 山东工业陶瓷研究设计院有限公司 Ceramic fiber filter membrane material and preparation method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1385388A (en) * 2002-06-06 2002-12-18 山东鲁阳股份有限公司 Ceramic fibre thermal-insulating boara and making method thereof
CN101182192A (en) * 2007-11-16 2008-05-21 上海伊索热能技术有限公司 Ceramic fibre composition reducing variation of higher temperature lines and preparation technique thereof
CN101966410A (en) * 2010-10-22 2011-02-09 合肥丰德科技有限公司 Preparation method of high temperature resistant ceramic fiber gas filter material
JP2012200994A (en) * 2011-03-25 2012-10-22 Ngk Insulators Ltd Ceramic molded object, ceramics structure, and method for manufacturing ceramic structure
CN108727003A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-02 山东鲁阳节能材料股份有限公司 A kind of fire resistant filter material and preparation method thereof and high temperature resistant dedusting chimney filter
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