CN114797196B - An automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter, which includes a tank body, a filter layer arranged in the tank body, and an inlet and an outlet located on both sides of the filter layer. The filter layer includes a filter layer close to the The filtering surface on the inlet side also includes: a cleaning component. The cleaning component includes a detection unit for detecting the pressure difference on both sides of the filtered surface and a sewage discharge unit connected to the detection device. The sewage discharge unit includes a rotating A rotating shaft provided on the tank, a driving device for driving the rotating shaft to rotate around an axis, at least one sewage pipe matching the filter surface, and a sewage channel connected to at least one of the sewage pipes. The pipe is provided with a drain hole, the rotating shaft is arranged perpendicularly to the filtering surface of the filter layer, the drain pipe is vertically arranged on the rotating shaft, and the tank is provided with a drain port connected to the drain channel, This arrangement can improve the sewage discharge capacity.

Description

An automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter

Technical field

The present invention generally relates to the technical field of filters, and specifically relates to an automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter.

Background technique

The sand filter is currently one of the most widely used filtration equipment in micro-irrigation projects. It has the characteristics of strong pollution interception capacity and easy cleaning of the filter material. The sand filter for micro-irrigation uses filter material particles of a certain depth to be stacked layer by layer to form a porous media sand bed, which is used as a filter carrier to perform three-dimensional deep filtration. The working process of the sand and gravel filter is mainly divided into two stages: filtration and backwashing. Filtration mainly traps impurities on the surface of the filter layer through the filter layer. The backwashing process generally uses reverse water flow from bottom to top to remove the accumulated filter material. Laminar flow, the collision and friction between particles, make the impurities adhered to the surface of the particles fall off, and wash out of the tank with the water flow. Every time you backwash, a strong backwash flow is required to reverse fluidize the entire filter layer before the impurities can be discharged. A typical filtration mechanism of sand and gravel filters is surface filtration, that is, during the filtration process, only the surface 10-20cm filter layer plays a major role. Detailed descriptions are given in papers such as "Experimental Study on Clogging and Sand Filtration Parameters of Micro-Irrigation Systems".

Therefore, based on this idea, it can be found that the current backwash mode has major drawbacks, that is, the main dirt-holding layer (top layer) and the secondary dirt-holding layer (bottom layer) are simplified and unified for backwashing every time. In order to achieve full tumbling of the 40cm-60cm filter layer, another filter tank is required to provide sufficient water flow to first fluidize the bottom filter layer, and then fluidize it upward layer by layer. This results in a longer backwash time each time and backwash. The water flow is also very large. According to experience, each backwash time usually ranges from 90s to 300s. If surface water is filtered, thick impurities are more difficult to clean and consume more water. In traditional application mode, the backwash interval is usually set to 4-8 hours. This backwash mode based on time and inlet and outlet pressure differences will cause a large amount of clean water to be discharged with the sewage, reducing water resource utilization efficiency. At the same time, impurity filter cakes usually form on the surface of the filter layer quickly. The filtration mechanism of the sand and gravel filter layer changes from deep filtration to surface filtration. The dirt holding capacity is greatly reduced, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet increases sharply, and the filtration flow rate will also increase significantly. decline, affecting the filtration efficiency. Therefore, the current backwash mode has a major disadvantage, that is, the main dirt-holding layer (top layer) and the secondary dirt-holding layer (bottom layer) are simplified and unified for each backwash. , resulting in a long backwash time each time and a very large backwash water flow.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, this application provides an automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

The invention provides an automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter, which includes a tank body, a filter layer arranged in the tank body, and an inlet and an outlet located on both sides of the filter layer. The filter layer includes a filter layer close to the The filtering surface on the inlet side also includes: a cleaning component. The cleaning component includes a detection unit for detecting the pressure difference on both sides of the filtered surface and a sewage discharge unit connected to the detection device. The sewage discharge unit includes a rotating A rotating shaft provided on the tank body, a driving device for driving the rotating shaft to rotate around the axis, at least one sewage pipe matching the filter surface, and a sewage channel connected with at least one of the sewage pipes. A drain hole is provided on the pipe, the rotating shaft is arranged perpendicularly to the filtering surface of the filter layer, the drain pipe is vertically arranged on the rotating shaft, and the tank is provided with a drain port connected to the drain channel.

Further, the drain hole is provided on a side of the drain pipe facing the filtering surface.

Further, the drain holes are a plurality of gaps evenly spaced along the axial direction of the drain pipe, and the width of the gaps is d, where d≤2mm.

Further, an infusion channel is coaxially provided in the rotating shaft, and at least one of the sewage pipes is connected to the infusion channel.

Further, the rotating shaft is provided through the tank body, the sewage discharge channel is an infusion channel arranged coaxially in the rotating shaft, and the sewage discharge port is provided at the end of the rotating shaft extending from the tank body.

Further, two support plates are spaced apart inside the tank, the filter layer is provided on one of the support plates, and a shaft is provided on the rotating shaft that connects the infusion channel and the area between the two support plates. The sewage discharge channel includes the infusion channel and the area between the two support plates. The sewage discharge outlet is provided on the tank body and communicates with the area between the two support plates.

Furthermore, the sewage discharge unit further includes a sewage cleaning plate provided on the sewage discharge pipe, and the sewage cleaning plate is provided with comb teeth.

Furthermore, the sewage outlet is provided with a control valve.

Further, the tank is in the shape of a vertical cylinder, the rotating shaft is coaxially arranged with the tank, and the filtering surface is the upper surface of the filter layer.

beneficial effects

The invention provides an automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. Set up a detection device to detect the value of the pressure difference. When the pressure difference reaches the preset value, control the work of the sewage component to open the sewage outlet. At this time, the water flow will flow into the sewage pipe through the sewage hole on the sewage pipe and follow the sewage channel. It flows out through the sewage outlet. When the water flows out, the impurities attached to the filter surface will flow out with the water flow. At this time, the driving device drives the rotating shaft to rotate, so that the impurities attached to the filter surface leave the filter surface, making it easier to remove the impurities. Discharge, and with the rotation of the rotating shaft, the sewage pipe can pass through every area of the filter surface, so that the impurities on the filter surface can be discharged evenly and the sewage discharge capacity can be improved.

2. The rotation of the rotating shaft and sewage pipe can also improve the unevenness of the surface filter layer caused by the impact of water flow. The rotation process achieves a flat surface filter layer, which helps to improve the dirt holding capacity.

3. Open the gap on the sewage pipe only on the side facing the filtering surface. This will allow the sewage pipe to be close to the filter layer during the rotation of the mandrel. Therefore, the impurities that adhere to the gap during the suction process will be removed due to the sewage pipe and the filter layer. The filter layer will fall off due to friction and will not block the gaps.

4. By arranging the filter holes into multiple gaps evenly spaced along the axial direction of the sewage pipe, and limiting the width to d≤2mm, it is possible to prevent filter material particles from entering the sewage holes and being discharged when the rotating shaft rotates.

5. By setting a cleaning plate on the sewage pipe, which is equipped with comb teeth, and a comb-like tooth structure welded on the sewage suction pipe, the 10-20cm filter layer on the surface of the filter layer formed by sand and gravel can be turned over. This makes it easier to dig out impurities in the filter layer, which can improve cleaning efficiency.

Description of the drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments taken with reference to the following drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first embodiment of the automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter provided by the invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter provided by the invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating shaft in the second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the sewage pipe in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the relevant invention, but not to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for convenience of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings.

It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment 1

Referring to Figure 1, the present invention provides an automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter. The filter includes a tank 1, a filter layer 2 arranged in the tank 1 and a separate filter layer 2. With the inlet 10 and outlet 11 on both sides, the filter layer 2 includes a filter surface 21 close to the inlet side, and also includes a cleaning component 3. The cleaning component 3 includes components for detecting both sides of the filtered surface 21. A pressure difference detection unit 31 and a sewage discharge unit 32 connected to the detection device 31. The sewage discharge unit 32 includes a rotating shaft 320 that is rotatably installed on the tank 1 and a driving device for driving the rotating shaft 320 to rotate around the axis. 321. At least one sewage pipe 322 that is adapted to the filter surface 21 and a sewage channel 323 connected with at least one of the sewage pipes 322. The sewage pipe 321 is provided with a sewage hole 3210, and the rotating shaft is connected to the sewage pipe 321. The filter surface of the filter layer is arranged vertically, the sewage pipe is arranged vertically on the rotating shaft, and the tank is provided with a sewage outlet 3230 connected with the sewage channel 323 .

Specifically, as a specific implementation, the driving device adopts a driving motor, and the detection device 31 adopts a pressure sensor. Referring to Figure 1, the method of using an automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter provided by the present invention is: during use, The water flow with a certain pressure P0 that needs to filter impurities flows into the inlet 10. The water flow passes through the filter layer 2 to filter out the impurities, and then flows out from the outlet, thereby obtaining clean water flow. As the filtration proceeds, the impurities gradually adhere to the filter surface 21. The thickness of the impurities is gradually increased to form a filter cake, so that the resistance of the water flow through the filter layer becomes larger, so that the pressure difference on both sides of the filter layer gradually becomes larger. By setting the detection device 31 to detect the value of the pressure difference, when the pressure difference reaches the preset value When, control the operation of the sewage assembly to open the sewage outlet. At this time, the water flow will flow into the sewage pipe through the sewage hole on the sewage pipe 322, and flow out through the sewage outlet 3230 along with the sewage channel. While the water flows out, the water attached to the filter surface will The impurities will flow out with the water flow. At this time, the driving device 321 drives the rotating shaft 320 to rotate, so that the impurities attached to the filter surface leave the filter surface, thereby making it easier to discharge the impurities. With the rotation of the rotating shaft, the sewage pipe can be filtered Each area of the filter surface can be discharged evenly, so that the impurities on the filter surface can be discharged evenly. With the discharge of impurities, the water permeability of the filter layer 2 is improved, so that the pressure difference on both sides of the filter surface is reduced and gradually becomes lower than the detection pressure sensor device. At this time, the drive motor is controlled to stop working, and the sewage outlet is closed to stop cleaning impurities. It can be understood that the filter layer uses sand and gravel filtration in some embodiments, through the rotating shaft and the sewage pipe. The rotation can also improve the unevenness of the surface filter layer caused by the impact of water flow. The rotation process realizes the flatness of the surface filter layer, which helps to improve the dirt holding capacity. As a preferred embodiment, the sewage pipes can be evenly spaced around the rotation axis. Multiple; since the filter layer is mostly formed by paving sand and gravel, and the direct erosion of the water flow will destroy the structure of the filter layer and affect the filtration effect, in order to avoid the direct erosion of the filter layer by the water flow, as a specific implementation method, refer to Figure 1, the opening 10 is The nozzle of the liquid inlet pipe provided on the tank 1, as an embodiment, the end of the liquid inlet pipe extending into the inside of the tank is provided with a bent portion bent in a direction away from the filter surface. Through this This method can avoid direct erosion of the filter surface by the liquid flow.

Further, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 , as a preferred embodiment, the drain hole 3210 is provided on the side of the drain pipe 322 facing the filtering surface 21 . Through this arrangement, the impurities attached to the filter surface can be more easily discharged from the drain hole, and the gap in the drain pipe is only opened on the side facing the filter surface, so that the drain pipe can be close to the filter during the rotation of the mandrel. layer, so the impurities that adhere to the gaps during the sewage suction process will fall off due to the friction between the sewage pipe and the filter layer, and will not block the gaps.

Further, referring to Figure 4, as a specific implementation, the drain holes 3210 are a plurality of gaps evenly spaced along the axial direction of the drain pipe 322, the width of the gaps is d, where d≤2mm, specifically , it can be understood that the filter layer mostly adopts a granular structure with a particle diameter R of 1-2 mm, and the filter holes are arranged as multiple gaps evenly spaced along the axial direction of the sewage pipe 322, and the The width is limited to d≤2mm, so that when the rotating shaft rotates, the filter particles can be prevented from entering the drain hole and being discharged.

Further, as a preferred embodiment, with reference to Figure 1, an infusion channel (not shown) is coaxially provided in the rotating shaft 320, and at least one of the sewage pipes 322 is connected to the infusion channel. In this arrangement, The structure can be made simple and compact.

Further, as a preferred embodiment, referring to FIG. 1 , the rotating shaft 320 is provided through the tank body, the sewage discharge channel 323 is an infusion channel coaxially provided in the rotating shaft 320 , and the sewage discharge port 3230 is provided in the tank. The rotating shaft 320 extends out of the end of the tank; the tank is vertically arranged in a cylindrical shape, the rotating shaft 320 is coaxially arranged with the tank, and the filtering surface is the upper surface of the filter layer, It can be understood that since the filter mainly uses sand and gravel to filter the water flow, the tank is set as a vertical cylinder, a support plate is set horizontally in the middle of the tank, and a filter cap 22 is set on the support plate. , and then lay sand and gravel on the filter plate to form the filter layer 2. The specific sand and gravel can be put into the tank through the sand and gravel input port 4 provided on the tank 1. During operation, the water flows in through the inlet 10 and is filtered by the sand and gravel. After the impurities are removed, the fine particles are filtered out through the filter cap, and then flow into the bottom of the tank 1 through the filter cap, and then flow out from the outlet, thereby completing the filtration of the water flow. In this way, it is easier to form the filter layer, and the structure is more Reasonable.

Further, as a preferred embodiment, referring to Figure 4, the sewage discharge unit 32 also includes a sewage cleaning plate 324 disposed on the sewage pipe, and the sewage cleaning plate 324 is provided with comb teeth. Through this arrangement, The sewage suction pipe 4 is welded with a comb-like tooth structure, which can flip the 10-20cm filter layer on the surface of the filter layer made of sand and gravel, making it easier to turn out the impurities in the filter layer and improve the cleaning efficiency.

Further, the sewage outlet 3230 is provided with a control valve 325 . The opening and closing of the sewage outlet is controlled by setting a control valve. As a preferred embodiment, the control valve adopts a solenoid valve, and a control device is provided. The control device collects the detection value of the detection unit 31 to automatically control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve. Control the opening and closing of the driving device 321, that is, once the filter cake on the surface of the filter surface is about to form and the pressure difference on both sides of the filter surface exceeds the threshold, the controller controls the driving device to work and drive the rotating shaft to rotate. The sewage discharge process only filters the surface layer in a small area of 10cm-20cm. The layers are turned locally and externally assisted, and the impurities are sucked into the sewage pipe through the evenly distributed gaps on the sewage suction pipe. After opening the sewage valve, the tank can be discharged, completing a self-cleaning sewage process. After the impurities are discharged, the two sides of the filter surface When the pressure difference is lower than the threshold, the control solenoid valve is closed and the driving device stops working. Specifically, when cleaning the debris in the filter layer, the rotation of the rotating shaft 320 drives the movement of the sewage pipe 322, and then the sand layer of the filter layer is shoveled through the comb teeth. The impurities inside the sand layer are turned up, and then enter with the water flow. The gap on the sewage pipe 322 is discharged. It can be understood that in order to ensure the discharge speed of impurities in the filter layer, the width d of the gap will be set large enough when setting the gap. During this process, the sand particles in the sand layer will be It is adsorbed to the gap, which will hinder the discharge of impurities to a certain extent. The greater the pressure P0 of the water flow and the larger the d setting, the more obvious this phenomenon will be. The phenomenon of sand blocking the gap will occur. Although the present invention uses The gap is set on the side facing the filter layer. During the rotation of the rotating shaft, the sewage pipe can rub against the sand layer to remove part of the sand that blocks the gap. However, when the particle size R of the sand is similar to the width of the gap, sand particles will appear. Part of the gap is stuck in the gap and is not easy to be discharged. As a result, the gap is partially blocked, resulting in a reduction in the circulation area of the gap, which in turn reduces the efficiency of impurity discharge. In order to avoid this phenomenon, the width d of the gap is determined as follows: Determine it with the formula, d=R-N ^-1 *&(P0/φ) ^1/2 R, where N is the number of all gaps on all sewage pipes 322, and the value range of N is: N≥4, φ is the circulation area of all gaps on all sewage pipes 322 in an unblocked state, & is the adjustment coefficient, and the value range is 0.15-0.38.

Embodiment 2

Referring to Figure 2, the present invention provides an automatic sewage suction micro-irrigation sand and gravel filter. The filter includes a tank 1, a filter layer 2 arranged in the tank 1 and a separate filter layer 2. With the inlet 10 and outlet 11 on both sides, the filter layer 2 includes a filter surface 21 close to the inlet side, and also includes: a cleaning component 3. As a further improvement, this embodiment is different from Embodiment 1. There are two support plates 9 spaced apart in the tank, and the filter layer 2 is provided on one of the support plates. The rotating shaft 320 is provided with a link connecting the infusion channel and the two support plates 9 . The drainage channel 323 includes the area between the infusion channel and the two support plates 9 , and the drainage port 3230 is provided on the tank and between the two support plates 9 Regional connectivity.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover any combination of the above technical features without departing from the concept of the invention. or other technical solutions formed by any combination of equivalent features. For example, a technical solution is formed by replacing the above features with technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application (but not limited to).

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides an automatic dirt suction micro-irrigation grit filter, includes a jar body (1), set up with filter layer (2) in jar body (1) and divide to locate import (10) and export (11) of filter layer (2) both sides, filter layer (2) are including being close to filter face (21) of import one side, its characterized in that still includes: the sewage disposal device comprises a sewage disposal assembly (3), wherein the sewage disposal assembly (3) comprises a detection unit (31) for detecting pressure difference at two sides of a filtering surface (21) and a sewage disposal unit (32) connected with the detection unit (31), the sewage disposal unit (32) comprises a rotating shaft (320) which is rotatably arranged on a tank body (1), a driving device (321) which is used for driving the rotating shaft (320) to rotate around an axis, at least one sewage disposal pipe which is matched with the filtering surface (21) and a sewage disposal channel which is communicated with the at least one sewage disposal pipe (322), a sewage disposal hole (3210) is formed in the sewage disposal pipe (322), the rotating shaft is vertically arranged on the filtering surface of the filtering layer, the sewage disposal pipe is vertically arranged on the rotating shaft, and a sewage disposal outlet (3230) which is communicated with the sewage disposal channel is formed in the tank body;

the drain hole (3210) is arranged at one side of the drain pipe (322) facing the filtering surface (21);

the water flow with certain pressure for filtering impurities flows into the filter layer through the inlet, the impurities are filtered by the water flow and then flows out of the outlet, so that clean water flow is obtained, the impurities are gradually attached to the filter surface along with the progress of filtration, the thickness of the impurities is gradually increased to form a filter cake, the resistance of the water flow passing through the filter layer is increased, the pressure difference at two sides of the filter layer is gradually increased, the pressure difference value is detected by the detection device, when the pressure difference reaches a preset value, the sewage discharging assembly is controlled to work, the sewage discharging outlet is opened, the water flow flows into the sewage discharging pipe through the sewage discharging hole on the sewage discharging pipe and flows out along with the sewage discharging channel, the impurities attached to the filter surface can flow out along with the water flow at the same time when the water flow flows out, the impurities attached to the filter surface are enabled to leave the filter surface along with the rotation of the rotary shaft, the impurities are more conveniently discharged, the sewage discharging pipe can pass through each area of the filter surface, the impurities on the filter surface can be uniformly discharged along with the rotation of the rotary shaft, the impurities are improved, the water permeability at two sides of the filter surface is reduced, the water permeability is gradually and the pressure difference is lower than the preset value, the pressure difference value is controlled to stop the operation of the pressure sensor is controlled to stop the operation, and the sewage discharging sensor is controlled to stop;

the sewage draining hole (3210) is a plurality of gaps which are uniformly and alternately arranged along the axial direction of the sewage draining pipe (322), and the width of each gap is d, wherein d is less than or equal to 2mm;

an infusion channel is coaxially arranged in the rotating shaft (320), and at least one drain pipe (322) is communicated with the infusion channel;

the rotating shaft (320) penetrates through the tank body, the sewage draining channel is an infusion channel coaxially arranged in the rotating shaft (320), and the sewage draining outlet (3230) is arranged at the end part of the rotating shaft (320) extending out of the tank body;

two support plates are arranged in the tank body at intervals, the filter layer (2) is arranged on one of the support plates, a communication port (3200) for communicating the infusion channel with an area between the two support plates is arranged on the rotating shaft (320), the sewage draining channel comprises the infusion channel and an area between the two support plates, and the sewage draining port (3230) is arranged on the tank body and is communicated with the area between the two support plates;

the sewage draining unit (32) further comprises a sewage draining plate (324) arranged on the sewage draining pipe, and the sewage draining plate (324) is provided with comb teeth.

2. An automatic soil pick-up micro-irrigation sand filter according to claim 1, wherein the drain (3230) is provided with a control valve (325).

3. The automatic dirt sucking micro-irrigation sand filter according to claim 2, wherein the tank body is cylindrical and is arranged vertically, the rotating shaft (320) is arranged coaxially with the tank body, and the filtering surface is the upper surface of the filtering layer.