CN114750629B - Charging and discharging method and battery replacement device for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Charging and discharging method and battery replacement device for electric vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114750629B
CN114750629B CN202210556709.4A CN202210556709A CN114750629B CN 114750629 B CN114750629 B CN 114750629B CN 202210556709 A CN202210556709 A CN 202210556709A CN 114750629 B CN114750629 B CN 114750629B
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charging
battery box
battery
discharging
pile
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CN114750629A (en
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杨昌富
郝战铎
于国鼎
李许鹏
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Shanghai Youxu New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Youxu New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • H02J7/80—
    • H02J7/933—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • H02J2105/37—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于电动汽车的充放换电方法及其换电装置，具体步骤为：AC/DC控制器实时监控充电需求变化，并根据电动车电池箱和充电桩的充电需求提供时序；当充电桩和电池箱同时需求充电时，AC/DC控制器比较充电桩和电池箱的充电需求的容量总和S与AC/DC充放电单元的充电容量S0，完成对应操作；当充电桩和电池箱不同时需求充电时，AC/DC控制器比较充电桩和电池箱的充电需求的容量总和S与AC/DC充放电单元的充电容量S0，完成对应操作；根据充电桩电池管理系统和电动车电池箱管理系统实时反馈电池的电压电流，调整充电桩的输出电压电流，并完成充电。本发明不仅能为电动车提供充换电，而且根据电网调度为电网提供电能，有效的提高充换电站的利用率和经济效益。

The present invention provides a charging and discharging method and a battery replacement device for electric vehicles, and the specific steps are: an AC/DC controller monitors the charging demand changes in real time, and provides a timing according to the charging demand of the electric vehicle battery box and the charging pile; when the charging pile and the battery box require charging at the same time, the AC/DC controller compares the total capacity S of the charging demand of the charging pile and the battery box with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, and completes the corresponding operation; when the charging pile and the battery box do not require charging at the same time, the AC/DC controller compares the total capacity S of the charging demand of the charging pile and the battery box with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, and completes the corresponding operation; according to the real-time feedback of the voltage and current of the battery by the charging pile battery management system and the electric vehicle battery box management system, the output voltage and current of the charging pile are adjusted, and the charging is completed. The present invention can not only provide charging and replacement for electric vehicles, but also provide electric energy for the power grid according to the power grid dispatch, effectively improving the utilization rate and economic benefits of the charging and replacement station.

Description

Charging and discharging electricity changing method and device for electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of charging and battery replacement of electric automobiles, in particular to a charging, discharging and battery replacement method and a battery replacement device for an electric automobile.
Background
In recent years, along with the gradual popularization of electric automobiles, a charging and replacing power station is continuously built, the power consumption requirement is gradually increased, a certain influence is brought to a power grid, the power capacity requirement is increased, the peak-valley difference of the power consumption is increased, the impact on the power grid is large, and the normal life of residents is influenced. The existing charging station or the existing battery replacement station only has the functions of providing charging and battery replacement services for the electric vehicle, interaction with a power grid cannot be formed, and the electric vehicle and the battery replacement box cannot serve as an energy storage unit to discharge the power grid.
In the current charging method for the battery, three main current charging methods are adopted, namely, a specific implementation process of a constant-current constant-voltage charging method is divided into three processes of pre-charging, constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging, the polarization phenomenon of the battery cannot be eliminated in the method, the charging speed is low, a specific implementation process of a current-transformation intermittent charging method is divided into two processes of a current-transformation intermittent charging stage and a constant-voltage charging stage, the polarization phenomenon of the battery is reduced in the current-transformation intermittent charging stage, the charging speed is accelerated in the method, but the charging mode circuit is complex and high in manufacturing cost, the specific implementation process of a pulse charging method is consistent with the constant-current constant-voltage charging method, meanwhile, the battery is charged intermittently by adopting a large-current pulse in the pulse charging stage, the method breaks the constraint of an optimal charging current curve on the battery, the charging efficiency is high, the temperature change is small, the influence on the service life of the battery is small, a power supply with a current limiting function is required to be independently provided, and the charging cost is greatly increased.
The invention provides a charging-discharging electricity-changing method and a charging-discharging electricity-changing device for an electric automobile, when the load of a power grid reaches a peak value, a charging-changing container can be used as large-scale energy storage to provide electric energy for the power grid, and the charging-changing container not only can provide charging-changing service for the electric automobile, but also can provide electric energy for the power grid according to power grid dispatching, so that the utilization rate and economic benefit of the charging-changing container can be improved more effectively.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the charging/discharging/changing method and the charging/changing device for the electric automobile, the charging capacity threshold of the AC/DC charging/discharging unit, the charging requirement threshold of the charging pile and the charging requirement threshold of the electric automobile battery box are respectively set on the basis of an optimal charging curve, different time sequences are provided according to the charging requirements of the electric automobile battery box and the charging pile, charging of corresponding strategies is completed, and therefore charging efficiency of a battery is improved, and damage to the battery is reduced.
The invention provides a charging, discharging and electricity changing method for an electric automobile, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
s1, an AC/DC controller monitors the change of the charging demand in real time according to the charging demand S 1 of the electric vehicle battery box and the charging demand S 2 of the charging pile, and provides a time sequence according to the charging demands of the electric vehicle battery box and the charging pile:
and S11, an optimal charging curve of the current in the battery box or the charging pile, wherein the optimal charging curve is known according to the Mas law and expressed as follows:
It＝I0e-at (1)
Wherein, I 0 is the initial current when the battery box of the electric vehicle is charged, I t is the charging current at a certain moment, t is the charging time, and a is the charging acceptance rate;
when the battery in the battery box or the charging pile is charged, the specific expression of the battery capacity Q is as follows:
according to formulas (1) and (2), the expression of the optimal charging curve at a certain moment in the battery box or the charging pile is obtained as follows:
It＝I0-aQ; (3)
And S12, constructing a PNGV (THE PARTNERSHIP for a New Generation of Vehicles) equivalent model of the battery according to the characteristics and the charging requirements of the battery, wherein the PNGV (THE PARTNERSHIP for a New Generation of Vehicles) equivalent model is specifically expressed as follows:
St＝It*Ut (5)
Wherein U 0 is the initial voltage of the battery box of the electric vehicle when the battery box is charged, U oc is the open-circuit voltage of the battery, U t is the voltage at any time t in the charging process, I t is the current at any time t in the charging process, C Q is the capacitance value of the change of the open-circuit voltage of the battery, C e is the polarized capacitance value, R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery, R e is the polarized internal resistance, U e is U T is the rated voltage of the battery box end of the electric vehicle, and S t is the charging energy of the battery box of the electric vehicle;
S2, setting a charging capacity threshold of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, a charging demand threshold of the charging pile and a charging demand threshold of the electric vehicle battery box respectively on the basis of the optimal charging curve in the step S1, and comparing the sum S of the charging demands of the charging pile and the battery box with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit by the charging controller when the charging pile and the battery box are simultaneously required to be charged, and completing corresponding operations:
s21, if S 0≥S1+S2, executing step S4;
S22, if S 0＜S1+S2, reducing the output of the battery box charging requirement S 2, enabling S 0＝S1+S2 and executing the step S4;
S23, if S 0＜S1, stopping charging the battery box, controlling the battery box to charge the charging pile through the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, enabling S 0+S2＝S1 to execute step S4;
S3, when the charging pile and the battery box are not in need of charging at the same time, the AC/DC controller compares the sum of the capacities of the charging pile and the battery box in need of charging with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, and the corresponding operation is completed:
S31, if the AC/DC controller detects that only the battery box needs to be charged, the AC/DC controller compares the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with the charging requirement S 1 of the battery box, and completes corresponding operation;
S32, if the AC/DC controller detects that only the battery box of the electric vehicle needs to be charged, the AC/DC controller compares the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with the charging requirement S 2 of the charging pile, and the corresponding operation is completed;
S33, if the AC/DC controller is in need of charging at different time, the AC/DC controller executes the step S2 when detecting that the charging requirement of the battery box or the charging pile is added;
and S4, adjusting the output voltage and current of the charging pile according to the voltage and current of the battery fed back in real time by the electric vehicle battery box management system and the battery replacement unit battery box management system, and completing charging.
Preferably, in step S23, step S312 or step S322, another charging mode is also included, i.e. the charging pile or the battery of the battery box of the electric vehicle is powered by closing the idle AC/DC charging and discharging unit or the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with redundant capacity.
Preferably, the specific steps of step S31 include:
S311, if S 0≥S1, executing step S4;
If S 0＜S1 is reached, the charging of the battery box is stopped, and the AC/DC charging/discharging unit controls the battery box to charge the charging pile, so that S 0+S2＝S1 is performed, and step S4 is performed.
Preferably, the specific steps of step S32 include:
S321, if S 0≥S2 is performed, executing the step S4;
And S322, if S 0＜S2, controlling the battery box to charge the charging pile through the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, so that S 0+S2＝S1 is performed, and executing step S4.
Preferably, the specific step of step S4 includes:
S41, the AC/DC controller adjusts the output of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit according to the charging demand voltage and current fed back by the electric vehicle battery box management system in real time until the output voltage is consistent with the voltage of the battery in the charging pile, the output current is 0, the AC/DC charging and discharging unit stops outputting, a standby mode is started, and charging is completed;
s42, the AC/DC controller adjusts the output of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit according to the charging demand voltage and current fed back by the battery box management system of the battery replacing unit in real time until the output voltage is consistent with the voltage of the battery box of the electric vehicle, the output current is 0, the AC/DC charging and discharging unit stops outputting, and a standby mode is started to finish charging.
According to another aspect of the invention, a charging and discharging device for an electric automobile is provided, the charging and discharging device comprises a high-voltage alternating-current power distribution unit, a charging and discharging container and a charging pile, wherein the output end of the high-voltage alternating-current power distribution unit is connected with the input end of the charging and discharging container, the output end of the charging and discharging container is connected with the charging pile, the charging and discharging container comprises a charging and discharging unit and a charging and discharging station monitoring unit, the charging and discharging unit comprises a charging and discharging device, a battery box station and a charging and discharging station, the charging and discharging device is located between the battery box station and the charging and discharging station, the charging and discharging unit comprises an AC/DC charging and discharging unit and an AC/DC controller, the first end of the AC/DC charging and discharging controller is connected with the battery box station, the second end of the AC/DC controller is connected with the charging pile through the charging and discharging pile controller, the AC/DC charging and discharging of the battery box corresponds to the charging and discharging pile of a plurality of battery boxes and charging and discharging piles of the battery boxes through the charging and discharging control unit.
Preferably, the AC/DC controller is connected to the first end of the charging pile controller through a CAN line, and the second end of the charging pile controller is connected to the charging pile through a CAN line.
Preferably, the number of the AC/DC charging and discharging units, the number of the battery box stations and the number of the charging piles are equal, and each AC/DC charging and discharging unit corresponds to one battery box station and one charging pile.
Preferably, the number of the charging pile controllers is one, and a plurality of charging piles are connected in parallel at the output end of the charging pile controllers.
Preferably, the AC/DC charging and discharging unit converts the AC power of the power grid into the DC power and outputs the DC power to the battery box and the charging pile of the battery box station for charging, or converts the DC power fed back by the battery box and the charging pile of the battery box station into the AC power for charging reversely to the power grid, and the charging process and the discharging process cannot be performed simultaneously.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. The charging strategy for the battery provided by the invention sets reasonable charging current according to the capacity of the battery so as to accurately control the charging current, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the battery and reducing the damage to the battery.
2. When the electric vehicle is charged, the battery box of the power exchange station can safely and effectively provide energy supply for the electric vehicle when the power of the charger is smaller than the vehicle demand, and the charging utilization rate of the power exchange station is improved.
3. When the load of the power grid reaches the peak value, the charging and replacing container can be used as large-scale energy storage to provide electric energy for the power grid, and the charging and replacing container can not only provide charging and replacing service for the electric vehicle, but also provide electric energy for the power grid according to power grid dispatching, so that the utilization rate and economic benefit of the charging and replacing container can be effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging/discharging power conversion method for an electric vehicle and a power conversion device in the power conversion device according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charge-discharge battery-changing method for an electric vehicle and a charge-changing container arrangement in a battery-changing device thereof;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of charging and discharging energy flow in the charging and discharging power exchanging method and the power exchanging device for the electric automobile according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charging control flow in the charging/discharging/replacing method and the charging/discharging/replacing device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of the battery charging current in the charging/discharging/replacing method and the replacing device for the electric vehicle according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an experimental diagram of a battery charging and discharging method for an electric vehicle and a battery charging device thereof according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical content, the achieved objects and the effects of the present invention more detailed, the following description is taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The charging, discharging and electricity changing device for the electric automobile comprises a high-voltage alternating-current power distribution unit, a charging and electricity changing container and a charging pile, wherein the high-voltage alternating-current power distribution unit supplies power for the charging and electricity changing container and has a bidirectional function, and meanwhile, the high-voltage alternating-current power distribution unit is subjected to voltage reduction by adopting an isolation transformer with two lines and multiple paths of output, and the two lines of input are mutually standby. The output end of the high-voltage alternating current power distribution unit is connected with the input end of the charging and changing container, and the output end of the charging and changing container is connected with the charging pile.
The charging and battery changing container comprises a battery changing unit, a charging and discharging unit and a charging and discharging battery changing station monitoring unit, wherein the battery changing unit comprises a battery changing device, a battery box station and a battery changing station, the battery changing device is positioned between the battery box station and the battery changing station, the battery box of an electric vehicle of the battery changing station is taken down by the battery changing device, and meanwhile, the battery box of the battery box station is changed to the electric vehicle, and the battery changing mode is fully automatic.
The charging and discharging unit consists of a plurality of high-power bidirectional AC/DC charging and discharging units and an AC/DC controller, as shown in fig. 3, the AC/DC charging and discharging units convert the alternating current of the power grid into direct current and output the direct current to a battery box and a charging pile of a battery box station for charging, or convert the direct current fed back by the battery box and the charging pile of the battery box station into alternating current to reversely charge the power grid, the charging and discharging processes cannot be simultaneously carried out, and the AC/DC controller controls the charging output and the discharging input power of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit. The charging pile is arranged on the side wall of the charging and replacing container, has the function of charging the electric vehicle, and has the function of reverse discharging.
The first end of the AC/DC controller is connected with the input end of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, the output end of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit is connected with the battery box stations, the second end of the AC/DC controller is connected with the charging piles through the charging pile controller, each AC/DC charging and discharging unit corresponds to a plurality of battery box stations and the charging piles, the AC/DC charging and discharging unit controls the charging of the corresponding plurality of battery box stations and the charging piles through a control switch Ki of the AC/DC controller, and the AC/DC charging and discharging unit provides charging for the battery boxes and the charging piles of the battery box stations.
The charging, discharging and power exchanging method for the electric automobile is as shown in fig. 3 and 4, and comprises the following specific implementation steps:
S1, an AC/DC controller monitors the change of the charging demand in real time according to the charging demand S 1 of the electric vehicle battery box and the charging demand S 2 of the charging pile, and provides a time sequence according to the charging demands of the electric vehicle battery box and the charging pile.
S2, setting a charging capacity threshold of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, a charging demand threshold of the charging pile and a charging demand threshold of the electric vehicle battery box respectively on the basis of the optimal charging curve in the step S1, and comparing the sum of the capacities S of the charging demands of the charging pile and the battery box with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit by the charging controller when the charging pile and the battery box are simultaneously required to be charged, and completing corresponding operation.
And S3, when the charging pile and the battery box are not required to be charged at the same time, the AC/DC controller compares the sum of the capacities of the charging pile and the battery box required to be charged with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, and completes corresponding operation.
And S31, if the AC/DC controller detects that only the battery box needs to be charged, the AC/DC controller compares the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with the charging requirement S 1 of the battery box, and the corresponding operation is completed.
And S32, if the AC/DC controller detects that only the battery box of the electric vehicle needs to be charged, the AC/DC controller compares the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with the charging requirement S 2 of the charging pile, and the corresponding operation is completed.
And S33, if the AC/DC controller is in need of charging at different time, the AC/DC controller executes the step S2 when detecting that the charging requirement of the battery box or the charging pile is added.
And S4, adjusting the output voltage and current of the charging pile according to the voltage and current of the battery fed back in real time by the electric vehicle battery box management system and the battery replacement unit battery box management system, and completing charging.
Further, the method for providing the time sequence according to the charging requirements of the battery box and the charging pile of the electric vehicle in the step S1 comprises the following steps,
And S11, an optimal charging curve of the current in the battery box or the charging pile, wherein the optimal charging curve is known according to the Mas law and expressed as follows:
It＝I0e-at (1)
Wherein, I 0 is the initial current when the battery box of the electric vehicle is charged, I t is the charging current at a certain moment, t is the charging time, and a is the charging acceptance rate.
When the battery in the battery box or the charging pile is charged, the specific expression of the battery capacity Q is as follows:
according to formulas (1) and (2), the expression of the optimal charging curve at a certain moment in the battery box or the charging pile is obtained as follows:
It＝I0-aQ。 (3)
And S12, constructing a PNGV (THE PARTNERSHIP for a New Generation of Vehicles) equivalent model of the battery according to the characteristics and the charging requirements of the battery, wherein the PNGV (THE PARTNERSHIP for a New Generation of Vehicles) equivalent model is specifically expressed as follows:
St＝It*Ut (5)
Wherein, U 0 is the initial voltage when the battery box of the electric vehicle is charged, U oc is the open-circuit voltage of the battery, U t is the voltage at any time t in the charging process, I t is the current at any time t in the charging process, C Q is the capacitance value of the change of the open-circuit voltage of the battery, C e is the polarized capacitance value, R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery, R e is the polarized internal resistance, U e is U T is the rated voltage of the battery box end of the electric vehicle, and S t is the charging energy of the battery box of the electric vehicle.
Preferably, the specific procedure of comparing the sum of the capacities S of the charging pile and the battery box in step S2 with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit and completing the corresponding operation is as follows:
If S 0≥S1+S2 is executed, step S4 is executed.
If S 0＜S1+S2 is executed, the output of the battery box charging request S 2 is reduced, and step S 0＝S1+S2 is executed, thereby executing step S4.
And S23, if S 0＜S1 is performed, stopping charging the battery box, controlling the battery box to charge the charging pile through the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, enabling S 0+S2＝S1 to be performed, and executing step S4.
Specifically, the specific operation steps of step S31 include,
If S 0≥S1 is executed, step S4 is executed.
If S 0＜S1 is reached, the charging of the battery box is stopped, and the AC/DC charging/discharging unit controls the battery box to charge the charging pile, so that S 0+S2＝S1 is performed, and step S4 is performed.
Specifically, the specific operation steps of step S32 include,
If S321, S 0≥S2 is executed, step S4 is executed.
And S322, if S 0＜S2, controlling the battery box to charge the charging pile through the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, so that S 0+S2＝S1 is performed, and executing step S4.
Further, the specific process of the step S4 according to the voltage and current of the battery fed back by the electric vehicle battery box management system and the battery replacement unit battery box management system in real time is as follows:
S41, the AC/DC controller adjusts the output of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit according to the charging demand voltage and current fed back by the electric vehicle battery box management system in real time until the output voltage is consistent with the voltage of the battery in the charging pile, the output current is 0, the AC/DC charging and discharging unit stops outputting, and a standby mode is started to finish charging.
S42, the AC/DC controller adjusts the output of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit according to the charging demand voltage and current fed back by the battery box management system of the battery replacing unit in real time until the output voltage is consistent with the voltage of the battery box of the electric vehicle, the output current is 0, the AC/DC charging and discharging unit stops outputting, and a standby mode is started to finish charging.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S23, step S312 or step S322 further comprises another form of charging, i.e. powering the battery of the charging pile or the battery box of the electric vehicle by closing the free AC/DC charging and discharging unit or the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with redundant capacity.
In the charging, discharging and electricity changing method for the electric automobile, not only can the charging pile charge the battery box, but also the charging pile charges the electric automobile through the charging pile battery management system and the battery box charges the electric automobile through the electric automobile battery box management system and other conventional charging operations, and meanwhile, the battery box of the electric automobile discharges the power grid through the high-voltage alternating current power distribution unit, so that the problem that when the load of the power grid reaches a peak value, the charging and electricity changing container is used as a service for providing electric energy for the power grid as large-scale energy storage, and provides electric energy for the power grid according to power grid dispatching is solved, and the utilization rate and economic benefit of the charging and electricity changing station are effectively improved.
The following describes a charging, discharging and electricity changing method for an electric automobile and an electricity changing device thereof with reference to embodiments:
the specific implementation process of the charging, discharging and electricity changing method is as follows:
S1, an AC/DC controller monitors the change of the charging demand in real time according to the charging demand S 1 of the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery box of the electric vehicle and the charging demand S 2 of the charging pile, and provides a time sequence for preferential charging according to the charging demands of the battery box of the electric vehicle and the charging pile.
S2, on the basis of the optimal charging curve in the step S1, according to the capacity of the existing electric vehicle battery box of 60kWh, in order to better prolong the service life of the electric vehicle battery box, the time for charging the battery box by the battery replacement unit in the existing charging container is 1.5h, and the time for charging the electric vehicle battery box in the charging pile is generally within 1h, so that the charging capacity threshold of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit is set to be 60kW, the charging requirement threshold of the charging pile is set to be 60kW, and the charging requirement threshold of the electric vehicle battery box is set to be 120kW.
When the charging pile and the battery box are required to be charged simultaneously, the charging controller receives a charging request required by the battery box and a charging request required by the electric vehicle, compares the sum of the capacities S of the charging requirements of the charging pile and the battery box with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging unit, and makes corresponding judgment.
That is, all AC/DC charging and discharging units of the charging and discharging unit are in a working state, the charging requirement of the battery box of the existing electric vehicle is 80kW, the AC/DC charging and discharging unit corresponding to the charging pile can only provide 60kW of power output for the electric vehicle, other AC/DC charging and discharging units cannot provide redundant power, and the AC/DC controller controls the AC/DC charging and discharging unit to reduce the output to the battery box until the battery box provides the residual 20kW of power for the electric vehicle.
And S3, when the charging pile and the battery box are not required to be charged at the same time, the AC/DC controller compares the sum of the capacities of the charging pile and the battery box required to be charged with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, and completes corresponding operation.
And S31, if the AC/DC controller detects that only the battery box needs to be charged, the AC/DC controller compares the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with the charging requirement S 1 of the battery box, and the corresponding operation is completed.
And S32, if the AC/DC controller detects that only the battery box of the electric vehicle needs to be charged, the AC/DC controller compares the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with the charging requirement S 2 of the charging pile, and the corresponding operation is completed.
And S33, if the AC/DC controller is in need of charging at different time, the AC/DC controller executes the step S2 when detecting that the charging requirement of the battery box or the charging pile is added.
The charging and discharging unit is in a working state, the charging requirement of the existing battery box of the electric vehicle is 60kW, and the AC/DC charging and discharging unit corresponding to the charging pile provides 60kW of power output for the electric vehicle.
And S4, adjusting the output voltage and current of the charging pile according to the voltage and current of the battery fed back in real time by the electric vehicle battery box management system and the battery replacement unit battery box management system, so that the charging current of the battery is more approximate to the optimal charging curve of the battery, and corresponding charging is completed as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
By the embodiment, the battery capacity charging method better highlights that the charging time is shorter than other charging time, the charging speed is the fastest, the voltage of the battery terminal and the SOC for ending charging are relatively higher, and the battery charging efficiency is more sufficient.
The charging, discharging and electricity changing method utilizes the idle battery to remove peak and fill valleys, can reversely transmit electricity to a power grid when necessary, reduces operation cost, and uses the electric quantity of the idle battery to charge a vehicle when electricity price is high. Under the condition that the capacity of the charging, discharging and replacing device is limited, the power grid load is not increased, the battery electric quantity is used as a supplement, the charging requirement is met as much as possible, the output power of the charging pile is reasonably configured, the utilization efficiency of the charging pile is improved, and the charging pile can charge the electric vehicle and the battery box at the same time.
In summary, when the load of the power grid is peak, the charging and replacing container can be used as large-scale energy storage to provide electric energy for the power grid, and the charging and replacing container can not only provide charging and replacing service for the electric vehicle, but also provide electric energy for the power grid according to power grid dispatching, so that the utilization rate and economic benefit of the charging and replacing container can be effectively improved.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种用于电动汽车的充放换电方法，其特征在于，具体实施步骤如下：1. A charging and discharging method for an electric vehicle, characterized in that the specific implementation steps are as follows: S1、AC/DC控制器根据电动车电池箱的充电需求S1和充电桩的充电需求S2，实时监控充电需求变化，并根据电动车电池箱和充电桩的充电需求提供时序：S1, AC/DC controller monitors the charging demand changes in real time according to the charging demand S1 of the electric vehicle battery box and the charging demand S2 of the charging pile, and provides timing according to the charging demand of the electric vehicle battery box and the charging pile: S11、电池箱或充电桩中电流的最佳充电曲线：根据马斯定律可知最佳充电曲线的表达式如下：S11. The best charging curve of the current in the battery box or charging pile: According to Maas's law, the expression of the best charging curve is as follows: It＝I0e-at (1)I t =I 0 e -at (1) 其中，I0为电动车电池箱充电时的初始电流，It为某时刻的充电电流，t为充电时间，a为充电接受率；Among them, I 0 is the initial current when the electric vehicle battery box is charged, I t is the charging current at a certain moment, t is the charging time, and a is the charging acceptance rate; 根据电池箱或充电桩中电池充电时，可知电池容量Q的具体表达式如下：According to the battery charging in the battery box or charging pile, the specific expression of the battery capacity Q is as follows: 根据公式(1)和(2)，得出电池箱或充电桩中某时刻的最佳充电曲线的表达式如下：According to formulas (1) and (2), the expression of the optimal charging curve at a certain moment in the battery box or charging pile is as follows: It＝I0-aQ； (3)I t =I 0 -aQ; (3) S12、电池箱或充电桩中电压的最佳充电曲线：根据电池特性和充电需求，构造电池的PNGV等效模型，具体表达式如下：S12. Optimal charging curve of the voltage in the battery box or charging pile: According to the battery characteristics and charging requirements, the PNGV equivalent model of the battery is constructed. The specific expression is as follows: St＝It*Ut (5)S t =I t *U t (5) 其中，U0为电动车电池箱充电时的初始电压，Uoc是电池的开路电压，I0为电动车电池箱充电时的初始电流，Ut为充电过程中任意时刻t的电压，It为充电过程中任意时刻t的电流，CQ为电池开路电压变化的电容值，Ce为极化电容值，R0为电池的欧姆内阻，Re为极化内阻，Ue为UT为电动车电池箱端额定电压，St为电动车电池箱的充电能量；Wherein, U0 is the initial voltage of the electric vehicle battery box when charging, Uoc is the open circuit voltage of the battery, I0 is the initial current of the electric vehicle battery box when charging, Ut is the voltage at any time t during the charging process, It is the current at any time t during the charging process, CQ is the capacitance value of the battery open circuit voltage change, Ce is the polarization capacitance value, R0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery, Re is the polarization internal resistance, Ue is UT is the rated voltage of the electric vehicle battery box, and St is the charging energy of the electric vehicle battery box; S2、在步骤S1最佳充电曲线的基础上，分别设置AC/DC充放电单元的充电容量阈值、充电桩的充电需求阈值和电动车电池箱的充电需求阈值，当充电桩和电池箱同时需求充电时，充电控制器比较充电桩和电池箱的充电需求的容量总和S与AC/DC充放电单元的充电容量S0，并完成对应操作：S2. On the basis of the optimal charging curve in step S1, the charging capacity threshold of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, the charging demand threshold of the charging pile and the charging demand threshold of the electric vehicle battery box are set respectively. When the charging pile and the battery box require charging at the same time, the charging controller compares the total capacity S of the charging demand of the charging pile and the battery box with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, and completes the corresponding operation: S21、若S0≥S1+S2时，执行步骤S4；S21, if S 0 ≥ S 1 + S 2 , execute step S4; S22、若S0＜S1+S2时，降低对电池箱充电需求S2的输出，使S0＝S1+S2，执行步骤S4；S22, if S 0 <S 1 +S 2 , reduce the output of the battery box charging demand S 2 to make S 0 =S 1 +S 2 , and execute step S4; S23、若S0＜S1时，停止对电池箱充电，通过AC/DC充放电单元控制电池箱对充电桩进行充电，使S0+S2＝S1，执行步骤S4；S23, if S 0 <S 1 , stop charging the battery box, and control the battery box to charge the charging pile through the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, so that S 0 +S 2 =S 1 , and execute step S4; S3、当充电桩和电池箱不同时需求充电时，AC/DC控制器比较充电桩和电池箱的充电需求的容量总和S与AC/DC充放电单元的充电容量S0，并完成对应操作：S3. When the charging pile and the battery box require charging at different times, the AC/DC controller compares the total capacity S of the charging pile and the battery box with the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, and completes the corresponding operation: S31、若AC/DC控制器检测到只需给电池箱充电时，AC/DC控制器比较AC/DC充放电单元的充电容量S0和电池箱的充电需求S1，并完成对应操作；S31. If the AC/DC controller detects that only the battery box needs to be charged, the AC/DC controller compares the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with the charging demand S 1 of the battery box, and completes the corresponding operation; S32、若AC/DC控制器检测到只需给电动车的电池箱充电时，AC/DC控制器比较AC/DC充放电单元的充电容量S0和充电桩的充电需求S2，并完成对应操作；S32, if the AC/DC controller detects that only the battery box of the electric vehicle needs to be charged, the AC/DC controller compares the charging capacity S 0 of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit with the charging demand S 2 of the charging pile, and completes the corresponding operation; S33、若AC/DC控制器在不同时需求充电时，AC/DC控制器检测到有电池箱或充电桩的充电需求加入时，执行步骤S2；S33, if the AC/DC controller does not require charging at the same time, when the AC/DC controller detects that a battery box or a charging pile has added a charging demand, execute step S2; S4、根据充电动车电池箱管理系统和换电单元电池箱管理系统实时反馈的电池的电压电流，调整充电桩的输出电压电流，并完成充电。S4. According to the battery voltage and current fed back in real time by the battery box management system of the electric vehicle and the battery box management system of the battery swap unit, the output voltage and current of the charging pile are adjusted to complete the charging. 2.根据权利要求1所述的用于电动汽车的充放换电方法，其特征在于，在步骤S23、步骤S312或步骤S322中，还包括另一种充电形式，即通过闭合空闲的AC/DC充放电单元或者有冗余容量的AC/DC充放电单元为充电桩或者电动车电池箱的电池供电。2. The charging, discharging and battery replacement method for electric vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step S23, step S312 or step S322, it also includes another charging form, that is, powering the battery of the charging pile or the battery box of the electric vehicle by closing an idle AC/DC charging and discharging unit or an AC/DC charging and discharging unit with redundant capacity. 3.根据权利要求1所述的用于电动汽车的充放换电方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S31的具体步骤包括：3. The charging and discharging method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific steps of step S31 include: S311、若S0≥S1时，则执行步骤S4；S311, if S 0 ≥ S 1 , execute step S4; S312、若S0＜S1时，则停止对电池箱充电，通过AC/DC充放电单元控制电池箱对充电桩进行充电，使S0+S2＝S1，执行步骤S4。S312: If S 0 <S 1 , stop charging the battery box, and control the battery box to charge the charging pile through the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, so that S 0 +S 2 =S 1 , and execute step S4. 4.根据权利要求1所述的用于电动汽车的充放换电方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S32的具体步骤包括：4. The charging and discharging method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific steps of step S32 include: S321、若S0≥S2时，则执行步骤S4；S321, if S 0 ≥ S 2 , execute step S4; S322、若S0＜S2时，则通过AC/DC充放电单元控制电池箱对充电桩进行充电，使S0+S2＝S1，执行步骤S4。S322: If S 0 <S 2 , the AC/DC charging and discharging unit controls the battery box to charge the charging pile, so that S 0 +S 2 =S 1 , and then executes step S4. 5.根据权利要求1所述的用于电动汽车的充放换电方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4的具体步骤包括：5. The charging and discharging method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific steps of step S4 include: S41、AC/DC控制器根据电动车电池箱管理系统实时反馈的充电需求电压电流，调整AC/DC充放电单元的输出，直至输出电压与充电桩中电池的电压一致，输出电流为0，AC/DC充放电单元停止输出，启动待机模式，完成充电；S41, the AC/DC controller adjusts the output of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit according to the charging demand voltage and current fed back in real time by the electric vehicle battery box management system, until the output voltage is consistent with the voltage of the battery in the charging pile, the output current is 0, the AC/DC charging and discharging unit stops outputting, starts the standby mode, and completes charging; S42、AC/DC控制器根据换电单元电池箱管理系统实时反馈的充电需求电压电流，调整AC/DC充放电单元的输出，直至输出电压与电动车电池箱的电压一致，输出电流为0，AC/DC充放电单元停止输出，启动待机模式，完成充电。S42, the AC/DC controller adjusts the output of the AC/DC charge and discharge unit according to the charging demand voltage and current fed back in real time by the battery box management system of the battery swap unit, until the output voltage is consistent with the voltage of the electric vehicle battery box and the output current is 0, the AC/DC charge and discharge unit stops outputting, starts the standby mode, and completes charging. 6.一种根据权利要求1-5之一所述方法的用于电动汽车的充放换电装置，其特征在于，其包括高压交流配电单元、充换电集装箱和充电桩，所述高压交流配电单元的输出端和所述充换电集装箱的输入端连接，所述充换电集装箱的输出端和所述充电桩连接；所述充换电集装箱，其包括换电单元，充放电单元和充放换电站监控单元；所述换电单元，其包括换电设备、电池箱工位和换电工位，所述换电设备位于电池箱工位和换电工位之间；所述充放电单元，其包括AC/DC充放电单元和AC/DC控制器，所述AC/DC控制器控制AC/DC充放电单元的充电输出和放电输入功率的大小，所述AC/DC控制器的第一端和所述AC/DC充放电单元的输入端连接，所述AC/DC充放电单元的输出端和电池箱工位连接，所述AC/DC控制器的第二端通过充电桩控制器和所述充电桩连接，所述AC/DC充放电单元通过AC/DC控制器的控制开关Ki控制对应电池箱工位和充电桩的充电。6. A charging and discharging battery swapping device for electric vehicles according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a high-voltage AC distribution unit, a charging and discharging container and a charging pile, the output end of the high-voltage AC distribution unit is connected to the input end of the charging and discharging container, and the output end of the charging and discharging container is connected to the charging pile; the charging and discharging container comprises a battery swapping unit, a charging and discharging unit and a charging and discharging station monitoring unit; the battery swapping unit comprises a battery swapping device, a battery box station and a battery swapping station, and the battery swapping device is located between the battery box station and the battery swapping station; the charging and discharging The unit comprises an AC/DC charging and discharging unit and an AC/DC controller, wherein the AC/DC controller controls the charging output and the discharging input power of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, wherein a first end of the AC/DC controller is connected to an input end of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit, an output end of the AC/DC charging and discharging unit is connected to a battery box station, a second end of the AC/DC controller is connected to the charging pile through a charging pile controller, and the AC/DC charging and discharging unit controls the charging of the corresponding battery box station and the charging pile through a control switch Ki of the AC/DC controller. 7.一种根据权利要求6所述的用于电动汽车的充放换电装置，其特征在于，所述AC/DC控制器通过CAN线和所述充电桩控制器的第一端连接，所述充电桩控制器的第二端通过CAN线和所述充电桩连接。7. A charging and discharging device for an electric vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that the AC/DC controller is connected to the first end of the charging pile controller via a CAN line, and the second end of the charging pile controller is connected to the charging pile via a CAN line. 8.一种根据权利要求6所述的用于电动汽车的充放换电装置，其特征在于，所述AC/DC充放电单元的数量、所述电池箱工位的数量和所述充电桩的数量相等，每个AC/DC充放电单元对应一个电池箱工位和一个充电桩。8. A charging and discharging device for electric vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that the number of the AC/DC charging and discharging units, the number of the battery box stations and the number of the charging piles are equal, and each AC/DC charging and discharging unit corresponds to a battery box station and a charging pile. 9.一种根据权利要求6或者7所述的用于电动汽车的充放换电装置，其特征在于，所述充电桩控制器的数量为一个，多个所述充电桩并联连接在所述充电桩控制器的输出端。9. A charging and discharging device for an electric vehicle according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that there is one charging pile controller, and a plurality of charging piles are connected in parallel to the output end of the charging pile controller. 10.一种根据权利要求6所述的用于电动汽车的充放换电装置，其特征在于，所述AC/DC充放电单元将电网交流电转换直流电输出给电池箱工位的电池箱和充电桩充电，或将电池箱工位电池箱和充电桩反馈的直流电转换为交流电向电网反向充电，充电过程和放电过程不能同时进行。10. A charging and discharging device for electric vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that the AC/DC charging and discharging unit converts the AC power of the power grid into DC power and outputs it to the battery box and charging pile at the battery box station for charging, or converts the DC power fed back from the battery box and charging pile at the battery box station into AC power to reversely charge the power grid, and the charging process and the discharging process cannot be carried out at the same time.
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