CN114718075B - Existing tunnel uplift control method under upper foundation pit excavation unloading condition - Google Patents
Existing tunnel uplift control method under upper foundation pit excavation unloading condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN114718075B CN114718075B CN202210420642.1A CN202210420642A CN114718075B CN 114718075 B CN114718075 B CN 114718075B CN 202210420642 A CN202210420642 A CN 202210420642A CN 114718075 B CN114718075 B CN 114718075B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling the uplift of an existing tunnel under the condition of excavation and unloading of an upper foundation pit, which comprises the steps of surrounding the foundation pit required to be excavated above the existing tunnel through a foundation pit support structure, partitioning the foundation pit according to the foundation pit required to be excavated above the existing tunnel, forming the support structure into a grid shape, partitioning the foundation pit into partitioned foundation pits, excavating the partitioned foundation pit according to the same-direction sequential marks, pouring a concrete bottom plate after the partitioned foundation pit is excavated to the bottom, and connecting embedded steel bars of the support structure with embedded steel bars of the support structure. According to the invention, the foundation pit of the rail-related influence area is divided into a plurality of block foundation pits according to the size of the foundation pit required by a new construction, the length-width ratio of a single foundation pit can be reduced by the block excavation, and the deformation of the side wall of the foundation pit is controlled to the maximum extent. The division scheme of the foundation pit can be changed according to actual conditions, so that the construction method has universality and practicability and is quite wide in application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of excavation construction of foundation pits, in particular to an existing tunnel uplift control method under the condition of excavation unloading of an upper foundation pit.
Background
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, urban population is increased, urban roads are crowded, overground buildings cannot meet the increasing demands of people, and the utilization of underground space is particularly important. More and more functional building projects are beginning to extend into the ground. However, the urban central area is under tension, and the underground engineering is inevitably generated at the same time of high-speed development, and the engineering is arranged at the upper part, the lower part or near the foundation pit excavation of the existing subway tunnel. The construction risk of the track-related stratum excavation unloading engineering is huge, and the construction risk is even more serious under the condition of complex terrain conditions. The existing construction method does not fully consider stratum disturbance caused by engineering construction after the soil body is integrally excavated above the existing tunnel, the bottom surface of the excavated foundation pit is not constrained in the vertical direction, and upward stratum bulge cannot be avoided. The existing tunnel is influenced by stress and strain, so that the existing tunnel is excessively deformed, and normal use of the existing tunnel is influenced, and even safety accidents are possibly caused.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a construction method for limiting the tunnel bulge caused by excavation of a foundation pit above an existing tunnel, and an improvement is now provided for the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an existing tunnel uplift control method under the condition of excavation unloading of an upper foundation pit, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the method comprises the steps of surrounding a foundation pit required to be excavated above an existing tunnel through a foundation pit support structure under the condition of excavation unloading of the upper foundation pit, partitioning the foundation pit according to the foundation pit required to be excavated above the existing tunnel, forming the support structure into a grid shape, partitioning the foundation pit into partitioned foundation pits, excavating the partitioned foundation pits according to the same-direction sequential marks, pouring a concrete bottom plate after the partitioned foundation pit is excavated to the bottom, and connecting embedded steel bars of the support structure with embedded steel bars of the support structure.
The invention further discloses the following technology:
preferably, the subarea foundation pits are marked from far to near in sequence according to the distance from the tunnel.
Preferably, the first layer of the mark is far away from the tunnel and is directly excavated without blocking, the second layer of the mark is blocked to the last layer near the near end of the tunnel according to the length of the soil layer, and the second layer of the mark is excavated to the last layer of soil according to the excavation principle of two sides before the last layer.
The construction method comprises the following steps:
step S1, determining the size of a foundation pit above a tunnel to be excavated in a new construction, surrounding the foundation pit above the tunnel to be excavated through an enclosure structure, and keeping a safe distance between the enclosure structure driving depth requirement and the tunnel;
step S2, the enclosure structure can form a network system to divide the network system according to the size of the foundation pit above the tunnel, the size and the number of the needed partitions are different according to the size of the excavated foundation pit, and the driving depth of the enclosure structure is as described in step S1;
step S3, layering foundation pits obtained by partitioning according to the amount of earth in the pits, and marking the foundation pits from far to near according to the sequence from far to near of the tunnels, wherein the marked first layer is far from the tunnels, and the excavation can be directly carried out without partitioning in consideration of the small influence of the excavation process on the tunnels; dividing the second layer to the last layer from the near end of the tunnel according to the length of the soil layer, and performing excavation according to the principle of excavating firstly at two sides and then in the middle until the soil of the last layer is excavated;
and S4, after the blocked foundation pit is excavated to the bottom, pouring a concrete bottom plate, connecting the bottom plate steel bars with the steel bars embedded in the enclosure structure, forming the enclosure structure of a space after the concrete is hardened, and then performing the excavation work of the next blocked foundation pit, thereby completing the excavation engineering of the foundation pit above the tunnel.
The invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the foundation pit above the tunnel is divided into a plurality of partition foundation pits according to the size of the foundation pit required to be excavated in the newly-built project, the excavation area can be reduced by partition excavation, and the space effect is improved. The partition scheme of the foundation pit can be changed according to actual conditions, so that the construction method has universality and practicability and is quite wide in application range.
2. According to the invention, the foundation pit obtained by the partition is layered, the layered blocks of the partition foundation pit can be adjusted according to the actual size of the partition foundation pit, the soil in the foundation pit is excavated by the layered blocks, so that the disturbance to the surrounding soil can be reduced to the minimum, the unloading engineering quantity of the soil is obviously reduced, the phenomenon of tunnel bulge caused by excavating the foundation pit above the existing tunnel is effectively limited due to follow-up subsequent filling engineering measures, and the influence on the operation subway is reduced. The stability of the periphery of the tunnel and the continuous pushing of the foundation pit excavation engineering above the tunnel are ensured.
3. In the invention, the foundation pit above the tunnel is divided into a plurality of small foundation pits as required through the enclosure structure, and the enclosure structure also serves as a separation pile. The isolation piles are connected into a whole to be used as a frame structure, so that the deformation of the existing tunnel is effectively controlled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it will be apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art;
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partitioned foundation pit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a zoned foundation pit zoned and block excavated according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effect of unloading on tunnels according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for controlling the bulge of an existing tunnel under the condition of excavation unloading of an upper foundation pit, which comprises the following steps:
and (5) enclosing the structure and partitioning the foundation pit. The foundation pit to be excavated in the new construction is surrounded and separated through the enclosing structure, the driving depth of the enclosing structure is kept at a certain safety distance L from the upper part of the tunnel, the safety distance is not suitable to be smaller than 2 times of the diameter D of the tunnel, the safety distance is not suitable to be smaller than the diameter D of the tunnel, and corresponding adjustment can be made according to actual conditions. The size and the number of the required subareas are determined according to the size of the foundation pit required to be excavated above the tunnel, and the enclosure structure can form a grid shape (a network system is formed) to divide the foundation pit into the foundation pit with the required subareas.
Before the partition foundation pit is excavated, the tunnel uplift value in the radial section of the tunnel can be rapidly predicted according to the empirical formula of the excavation size of the foundation pit and the maximum vertical displacement of the tunnel, and the formula is as follows:
L max ＝54.99055·ln{[h/(h+H)]·(B/b)+2.40805}-54.01713
wherein B: the distance between the symmetry axes of the foundation pit support structures in the radial section of the tunnel;
b: the distance from the tunnel centroid to the symmetry axis in the tunnel radial section;
h: the thickness of the soil covering at the top of the tunnel in the radial section of the tunnel;
h: excavation depth of a foundation pit in a radial section of the tunnel;
particularly, according to practical working experience, when the width ratio B/B is larger than 4, the influence of the increase of the width ratio on the vertical displacement of the tunnel is very weak, and the value of B/B in a foundation pit with the actual value of B/B larger than 4 is 4.
It should be noted that, the length of the partition foundation pit perpendicular to the tunnel axis direction is preferably 3D to 5D. The width of the subarea foundation pit parallel to the axial direction of the tunnel is preferably 1D-3D.
And excavating the partitioned foundation pit according to the same-direction sequential marks. The partitioned foundation pit is layered according to factors such as the area size of the partitioned foundation pit and the amount of earthwork in the pit, the distance between the partitioned foundation pit and the tunnel is marked by far and near layers, and each layer of soil is partitioned according to the area of the partitioned foundation pit in a first-two-side-later-middle excavation mode.
The partition foundation pit is excavated according to the construction method designed in the invention, after the partition foundation pit is excavated to the bottom, a concrete bottom plate is poured, the bottom plate steel bars are connected with the embedded steel bars of the enclosure structure, and after the concrete is hardened, a space enclosure structure is formed, so that the tunnel bulge caused by unloading of the earthwork of the foundation pit is limited.
The enclosure structure is driven into soil above the tunnel by a pile driver, so that the influence on surrounding soil is reduced as much as possible.
And the earth excavation time sequence in the pits of the other residual subarea foundation pits is carried out according to the pit excavation time sequence and the excavation mode of the subarea foundation pits, and the excavation engineering of the foundation pit above the existing tunnel is completed after the subarea foundation pits are completely excavated.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the present embodiment provides a method for controlling excavation and tunnel uplift above an existing tunnel, which may include a transverse fender pile 1, a longitudinal fender pile 2, a foundation pit i 3, a foundation pit ii 4, a foundation pit iii 5 and a foundation pit iv 6.
In the embodiment, the fender piles are adopted as the fender structures, three rows of transverse fender piles 1 and three rows of longitudinal fender piles 2 are driven into soil above the tunnel by pile drivers, the distance between the fender piles driven into the soil and the existing tunnel is D, and the safety distance between the fender piles and the tunnel is ensured. The horizontal and vertical guard piles form a network system to surround and partition the foundation pit above the tunnel excavated in the needed new construction, and the foundation pit is divided into a plurality of small foundation pits according to the size of the whole foundation pit above the tunnel, and in the embodiment, the foundation pit is temporarily divided into four foundation pits for explanation. Compared with the traditional construction scheme, the construction method has the advantages that soil disturbance caused by directly excavating the foundation pit in the whole large foundation pit is small, unloading work of the foundation pit soil is performed step by step, and tunnel bulge caused by excavating the foundation pit in the track-related area is limited.
Further, the transverse guard piles 1 and the longitudinal guard piles 2 can form a network system to surround an excavated foundation pit above a tunnel in a new construction, the whole large foundation pit above the tunnel is divided into a plurality of small foundation pits, and in the embodiment, the foundation pit above the tunnel is divided into a foundation pit I3, a foundation pit II 4, a foundation pit III 5 and a foundation pit IV 6 by three rows of transverse guard piles 1 and three columns of longitudinal guard piles 2.
Further, the foundation pit I3 formed by separation is excavated in a layered mode according to factors such as the size of the foundation pit and the size of the earthwork in the pit, each layer of soil is segmented according to the length, and the excavation mode of the first two sides and then the middle is adopted. In this embodiment, the foundation pit obtained by the partitioning is divided into four layers for excavation as shown in fig. 2. The first layer of soil is far away from the existing tunnel, so that the influence of the excavation process on the tunnel is small, namely, the tunnel is directly excavated, and blocking is not needed. The second, third and fourth layers take the length of each layer of soil, the influence of excavated earthwork on the existing tunnel, tunnel uplift caused by unloading of foundation pit earthwork and the like into consideration, and each layer of soil is excavated in three sections in a blocking manner. Namely, carrying out layered and block excavation according to the sequence of 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, 3-2, 4-1 and 4-2, namely the excavation sequence of two sides and the middle.
In the invention, the length of the partition close to the tunnel in the middle is not suitable to be smaller than the diameter of the tunnel (1.5 times or 2 times of the diameter of the tunnel is taken), and the other two partitions are distributed more evenly.
Further, the foundation pit I3 is excavated according to the construction process designed by the invention, after the foundation pit is excavated to the bottom in a partitioning way, a concrete bottom plate is poured, the bottom plate steel bars are connected with the embedded steel bars of the guard piles, and after the concrete is hardened, a space guard structure is formed, so that the tunnel bulge caused by unloading of the earthwork of the foundation pit is limited.
Further, the transverse guard piles 1 and the longitudinal guard piles 2 are driven into soil body of the rail-related area by pile drivers, so that the influence on surrounding soil body is reduced as much as possible.
Further, the earth excavation time sequence in the pits of the foundation pit II 4, the foundation pit III 5 and the foundation pit IV 6 is carried out according to the pit excavation time sequence and the excavation mode of the foundation pit I3. And (5) completing the excavation engineering of the foundation pit above the existing tunnel by completing the whole excavation of the partitioned foundation pit.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: and driving the transverse and longitudinal guard piles into soil above the tunnel through pile drivers, and changing the corresponding scheme according to different sizes of foundation pits required to be excavated above the tunnel in actual new construction by the number of rows and columns of the transverse and longitudinal guard piles. The method comprises the steps of arranging transverse guard piles and longitudinal guard piles into a network system to surround a foundation pit excavated in a new construction, dividing an integral large foundation pit above a tunnel into a plurality of small foundation pits, dividing the integral large foundation pit into a plurality of areas, excavating the small foundation pit in a track-related area, reducing disturbance to soil caused by excavating the foundation pit, dividing the divided small foundation pit into layers according to the amount of soil in the pit, dividing the divided soil into blocks according to the length, excavating the divided small foundation pit by adopting a principle of firstly two sides and then the middle, strictly according to the designed construction method, after the small foundation pit is excavated to the bottom, connecting cast concrete bottom plate steel bars with the embedded steel bars of the enclosure structure, forming a space enclosure structure after concrete is hardened, limiting the uplift of the tunnel, and then carrying out the excavation construction of the next divided foundation pit.
The specific engineering application: and (3) tunneling of a swan lake in the market of the combined fertilizer:
1. the excavation width of the tunnel foundation pit is 30.4m, the length of the track section is 30.8m, the excavation depth is about 10.4m, the vertical distance between the pit bottom and the shield tunnel is 6.2m, and the horizontal distance between the enclosure structure and the shield tunnel is 4.5m.
2. The tunnel pit plane is divided into four small pits, and the size of each small pit plane is about 15mx15m.
3. The earthwork is excavated vertically in four layers, the first layer is about 1m thick, the second layer is about 3m thick, each layer of the second layer is divided into 3 blocks, the side of a tunnel 2 is excavated firstly, the width of each block is about 4m, and then the upper part of the tunnel is excavated, and the width of each block is about 6m.
In the present invention, features are not necessarily independently present unless explicitly stated or defined. The foregoing description and description contain the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention as the only options. The invention may be further modified and optimized within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such modifications and optimization are to be entitled.
Claims (4)
1. The method is characterized in that a foundation pit enclosure structure is used for enclosing a foundation pit which is required to be excavated above an existing tunnel under the condition of excavation unloading of the upper foundation pit, the foundation pit is partitioned according to the foundation pit which is required to be excavated above the existing tunnel, the enclosure structure is formed into a grid shape, and the foundation pit is partitioned into partitioned foundation pits;
before the partition foundation pit is excavated, rapidly predicting a tunnel uplift value in a radial section of the tunnel according to an empirical formula of the excavation size of the foundation pit and the maximum vertical displacement of the tunnel, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofB: the distance between the symmetry axes of the foundation pit support structures in the radial section of the tunnel;
b: the distance from the tunnel centroid to the symmetry axis in the tunnel radial section;
H: the thickness of the soil covering at the top of the tunnel in the radial section of the tunnel;
h: excavation depth of a foundation pit in a radial section of the tunnel;
the foundation pit with the width ratio B/B being larger than 4 has the value of B/B of 4 in the foundation pit;
the length of the partition foundation pit perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel is 3D-5D, the width of the partition foundation pit parallel to the axial direction of the tunnel is 1D-3D, and D is the diameter of the tunnel;
and excavating the partition foundation pit according to the equidirectional sequential marks, pouring a concrete bottom plate after the partition foundation pit is excavated to the bottom, and connecting the embedded steel bars of the enclosure structure with the embedded steel bars of the enclosure structure.
2. The method for controlling the uplift of an existing tunnel under the excavation unloading condition of an upper foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein the partitioned foundation pit is marked in sequence from far to near according to the tunnel.
3. The method for controlling the uplift of the existing tunnel under the excavation unloading condition of the upper foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein the first layer of the mark is far from the tunnel, the excavation is directly carried out without blocking, the second layer of the mark to the last layer of the mark, which is near to the tunnel, are blocked according to the length of a soil layer, the excavation is carried out according to the principle of firstly two sides and then the middle, and the excavation of the last layer of soil is completed.
4. The method for controlling the bulge of an existing tunnel under the condition of excavation unloading of an upper foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, determining the size of a foundation pit above a tunnel to be excavated in a new construction, surrounding the foundation pit above the tunnel to be excavated through an enclosure structure, and keeping a safe distance between the enclosure structure driving depth requirement and the tunnel;
step S2, the enclosure structure can form a network system to divide the network system according to the size of the foundation pit above the tunnel, the size and the number of the needed partitions are different according to the size of the excavated foundation pit, and the driving depth of the enclosure structure is as described in step S1;
step S3, layering foundation pits obtained by partitioning according to the amount of earth in the pits, and marking the foundation pits from far to near according to the sequence from far to near of the tunnels, wherein the marked first layer is far from the tunnels, and the excavation can be directly carried out without partitioning in consideration of the small influence of the excavation process on the tunnels; dividing the second layer to the last layer from the near end of the tunnel according to the length of the soil layer, and performing excavation according to the principle of excavating firstly at two sides and then in the middle until the soil of the last layer is excavated;
and S4, after the blocked foundation pit is excavated to the bottom, pouring a concrete bottom plate, connecting the bottom plate steel bars with the steel bars embedded in the enclosure structure, forming the enclosure structure of a space after the concrete is hardened, and then performing the excavation work of the next blocked foundation pit, thereby completing the excavation engineering of the foundation pit above the tunnel.
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| CN212316933U (en) * | 2020-04-06 | 2021-01-08 | 中铁十一局集团城市轨道工程有限公司 | Excavation protection structure for foundation pit above existing tunnel |
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| EP1355039A1 (en) * | 2002-04-20 | 2003-10-22 | Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft | Method of constructing an extended free chamber between two tunnel segments |
| CN1837506A (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2006-09-27 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院 | Construction method for excavating box-shape structure over an operating tunnel |
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| CN114718075A (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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