CN114704643B - High-rotation-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure and sealing ring surface air pressure adjusting method - Google Patents
High-rotation-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure and sealing ring surface air pressure adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114704643B CN114704643B CN202210270584.9A CN202210270584A CN114704643B CN 114704643 B CN114704643 B CN 114704643B CN 202210270584 A CN202210270584 A CN 202210270584A CN 114704643 B CN114704643 B CN 114704643B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
- F16J15/43—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid kept in sealing position by magnetic force
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-rotating-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure and a sealing ring surface air pressure adjusting method. A first sealing and positioning structure, a magnetic liquid sealing unit and a second sealing and positioning structure are sequentially arranged on the rotating shaft and positioned on the inner side of the outer sleeve; the magnetic liquid sealing unit comprises a first pole shoe, a second pole shoe, magnetic liquid and an annular permanent magnet, wherein pole teeth of the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are oppositely arranged, the magnetic liquid is injected between the pole teeth, after the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are arranged, the flaring directions of the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe face the annular permanent magnet, compressed gas is injected into the inner side of the annular permanent magnet, the magnetic liquid is kept in a sealing gap between the pole teeth and the rotating shaft through a magnetic field between the pole teeth, and the compressed gas enables the magnetic liquid to resist centrifugal force caused by high-speed rotation. The invention can obviously weaken the influence of magnetization relaxation effect under the working condition of high rotating speed and offset the influence of centrifugal force, thereby ensuring that the section shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring does not change along with the rotating speed of the rotating shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic liquid sealing, in particular to a magnetic liquid sealing structure suitable for high-rotation-speed working conditions.
Background
The magnetic liquid seal is widely applied to the fields of machinery, military industry, nuclear energy and the like due to the advantages of zero leakage rate, low friction power consumption, high reliability and the like, and solves the sealing problem under special working conditions such as high rotating speed, large shaft diameter, liquid working conditions and the like.
In the existing magnetic liquid rotary sealing structure, magnetic liquid is generally filled in a sealing gap between a static pole shoe pole tooth and a magnetic conductive shaft. When the rotating shaft rotates at a high speed, the magnetic liquid sealing ring bears the high-speed shearing of the rotating shaft, a very large speed gradient is formed in the magnetic liquid, the characteristic time of the flow is equivalent to the reciprocal of the magnetization relaxation time of the magnetic liquid, a strong magnetization relaxation effect is shown, and the effect influences the sealing pressure resistance. On the other hand, the magnetic liquid rotates with the rotating shaft at high speed to generate larger centrifugal force in the magnetic liquid, and the force causes the section of the sealing ring to deform and even to be separated from the surface of the rotating shaft, thereby seriously reducing the sealing pressure resistance. Therefore, a magnetic liquid sealing structure which can weaken the magnetization relaxation effect and resist centrifugal force to reduce the deformation of the section of the sealing ring is required to be designed, and the sealing problem under the working condition of high rotating speed is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-rotating-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure and a sealing ring surface air pressure adjusting method, which can not only keep magnetic liquid in a sealing gap between a pole shoe and a rotating shaft, but also furthest weaken the influence of magnetization relaxation, and exert pressure on the outer side of a magnetic liquid sealing ring through compressed air to offset the influence of centrifugal force, so that the cross section shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring does not change along with the rotating speed of the rotating shaft, and finally realize reliable sealing under the working condition of high rotating speed.
In order to solve the above-mentioned object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:
a high-rotation-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure comprises a rotating shaft and a non-magnetic outer sleeve arranged on the rotating shaft, wherein a first sealing and positioning structure, a magnetic liquid sealing unit and a second sealing and positioning structure are sequentially arranged on the rotating shaft and positioned on the inner side of the outer sleeve;
the magnetic liquid sealing unit comprises a first pole shoe, an annular permanent magnet and a second pole shoe which are sequentially arranged, and a first O-shaped ring and a second O-shaped ring are respectively arranged in grooves of the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe; the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are oppositely arranged in a pole tooth manner, the flaring direction of the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe faces towards the annular permanent magnet after the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are arranged, and magnetic liquid is injected among the first pole shoe, the second pole shoe and the rotating shaft;
the outer sleeve is provided with a through hole, the side surface of the annular permanent magnet is also provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to the through hole on the outer sleeve, an air passage is formed between the two through holes, the outer end of the air passage is sequentially connected with a pressure reducing valve and an air bottle, and the air bottle is used for introducing compressed air into the annular permanent magnet through the air passage;
the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are made of materials with good magnetic conductivity, and the pole tooth end surfaces of the two pole shoes are in variable cross-section shapes; the pole teeth on the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are sized such that the magnetic field strength between the two pole teeth is much greater than the magnetic field strength between the pole teeth and the surface of the shaft.
Preferably, the first seal positioning structure comprises a first bearing and a first retaining ring which are sequentially installed, and the first retaining ring is close to the first pole shoe; the second sealing and positioning structure comprises a second retaining ring, a second bearing and an end cover which are sequentially arranged, the second retaining ring is close to the second pole shoe, the outer end of the second bearing is pressed by the end cover, and the end cover is in threaded connection with the outer sleeve; one end of the rotating shaft is provided with a step, and the inner ring of the first bearing is abutted against the step of the rotating shaft.
Preferably, a plurality of the magnetic liquid sealing units are sequentially installed in parallel on the rotating shaft.
Preferably, the pole tooth end surfaces of the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are trapezoidal or hyperboloid in shape.
Preferably, the first bearing and the second bearing are ball bearings or roller bearings or angular contact ball bearings.
Preferably, the pressure of the compressed gas inside the annular permanent magnet is determined according to a balance relationship between magnetic field forces to which the compressed gas and the magnetic liquid are subjected and centrifugal forces caused by rotation of the rotating shaft, or determined according to an experimental method.
A seal ring surface gas pressure adjusting method for gas pressure adjustment of compressed gas in the high-rotation-speed magnetic liquid seal structure, the method comprising:
s1: recording the cross-sectional shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring when the rotating shaft does not rotate;
s2: increasing the rotating speed of the rotating shaft to a certain point, simultaneously gradually increasing the gas pressure, and recording the gas pressure for restoring the section shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring to the original shape;
s3: repeating the step S2 until the rotating speed points cover the working rotating speed range to obtain a series of rotating speeds and gas pressures corresponding to the rotating speeds one by one, and fitting the points to obtain a relation curve between the rotating speeds and the gas pressures;
s4: and (4) designing an automatic control program according to the relational expression between the rotating shaft rotating speed and the gas pressure obtained in the step (S3), and adjusting the gas pressure in real time according to the relational expression and the actual rotating speed during sealing operation to ensure that the section shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring does not change along with the rotating shaft rotating speed.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme at least has the following beneficial effects:
according to the scheme, the high-rotation-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure and the sealing ring surface air pressure adjusting method, the variable cross-section pole teeth are used, so that magnetic liquid is kept in a sealing gap between the pole shoe and the rotating shaft, meanwhile, the influence of magnetization relaxation can be weakened to the greatest extent, pressure is applied to the outer side of the magnetic liquid sealing ring through compressed air, the influence of centrifugal force can be offset, the cross-sectional shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring is not changed along with the rotation speed of the rotating shaft, and reliable sealing under the high-rotation-speed working condition is finally achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for adjusting the air pressure on the surface of the sealing ring according to the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1. a rotating shaft; 2. a jacket; 3. a first bearing; 4. a first retainer ring; 5. a first O-ring; 6. a first pole piece; 7. an annular permanent magnet; 8. a magnetic liquid; 9. a second O-ring; 10. a second retainer ring; 11. a second pole piece; 12. a second bearing; 13. an end cap; 14. a gas cylinder; 15. a gas circuit; 16. a pressure reducing valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar referents do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
It should be noted that "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", and the like used in the present invention are used only for indicating relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed accordingly.
The invention provides a high-rotation-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure and a sealing ring surface air pressure adjusting method, which can weaken the magnetization relaxation effect and resist the centrifugal force to reduce the deformation of the sealing ring section, aiming at the problems that the conventional magnetic liquid rotary sealing structure has a stronger magnetization relaxation effect and the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation can deform the sealing ring section so as to reduce the sealing pressure resistance.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure and a method for adjusting air pressure on a surface of a sealing ring, including a rotating shaft 1 and an outer sleeve 2 mounted on the rotating shaft 1, where the outer sleeve 2 is a non-magnetic outer sleeve, and the outer sleeve 2 is made of a non-magnetic material; an annular permanent magnet 7 is arranged close to the center of the inner boss of the outer sleeve 2, a first pole shoe 6, a second pole shoe 11, a first baffle ring 4, a second baffle ring 10, a first bearing 3 and a second bearing 12 are symmetrically arranged close to the inner boss of the outer sleeve 2 and on two sides of the annular permanent magnet 7 in sequence; a step is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft 1, and the inner ring of the first bearing 3 is tightly leaned against the step of the rotating shaft 1; the outer end of the second bearing 12 is pressed tightly by an end cover 13, and the end cover 13 and the outer sleeve 2 are connected on the rotating shaft 1 in a threaded manner; the first bearing 3 and the second bearing 12 are ball bearings, roller bearings or angular contact ball bearings; the shaft 1 is supported by a first bearing 3 and a second bearing 12.
The first pole shoe 6 and the second pole shoe 11 are made of materials with good magnetic permeability, and a first O-shaped ring 5 and a second O-shaped ring 9 are respectively arranged in the grooves; the end faces of the pole teeth of the first pole shoe 6 and the second pole shoe 11 are in a trapezoidal or double-sided curved variable cross-section shape and are oppositely arranged, the flaring direction faces to the annular permanent magnet 7 after the installation, and magnetic liquid 8 is injected between the first pole shoe 6, the second pole shoe 11 and the rotating shaft 1; a strong magnetic field is formed between the pole teeth of the first pole shoe 6 and the second pole shoe 11, the magnetic field gradient points to the surface of the rotating shaft 1, and under the action of the magnetic field, the magnetic liquid 8 is kept in a sealing gap between the rotating shaft 1 and the pole teeth; the pole teeth on the first pole piece 6 and the second pole piece 11 are dimensioned such that the magnetic field strength between the two pole teeth is much greater than the magnetic field strength between the pole teeth and the surface of the rotating shaft 1.
The first pole shoe 6, the second pole shoe 11, the first O-shaped ring 5, the second O-shaped ring 9, the annular permanent magnet 7 and the magnetic liquid 8 form a set of sealing components, and a plurality of sets of sealing components can be sequentially and parallelly arranged in the sealing structure.
The magnetic liquid 8 rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 1, and because the contact area between the magnetic liquid 8 and the stationary pole teeth is relatively small, the velocity gradient in the magnetic liquid 8 is also small, and the influence of the magnetization relaxation effect can be obviously weakened.
The outer sleeve 2 is provided with a through hole, the side surface of the annular permanent magnet 7 is also provided with a through hole corresponding to the through hole on the outer sleeve 2, a gas path 15 is formed between the two through holes, the outer end of the gas path 15 is sequentially connected with a pressure reducing valve 16 and a gas bottle 14, and the gas bottle 14 is used for introducing compressed gas into the annular permanent magnet 7 through the pressure reducing valve 16 and the gas path 15.
The magnetic liquid 8 resists the centrifugal force caused by the high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft 1 under the action of the pressure of the compressed gas, so that the section of the sealing ring of the magnetic liquid 8 does not change along with the rotating speed of the rotating shaft.
The combination of the first O-shaped ring 5 and the second O-shaped ring 9 with the magnetic liquid 8 is used for isolating the left side and the right side of the sealing structure, and can be used for sealing the gas introduced into the annular permanent magnet 7 to ensure that the gas pressure completely acts on the surface of the magnetic liquid 8.
The pressure of the compressed gas introduced into the annular permanent magnet 7 can be determined according to the balance relationship between the magnetic field force exerted on the compressed gas and the magnetic liquid and the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the rotating shaft or can be determined according to an experimental method.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the cross-sectional shape of the magnetic liquid seal ring when the rotating shaft 1 is not rotating is recorded.
The second step is that: the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 1 is increased to a certain point, gas pressure is gradually increased, and the magnitude of the gas pressure for restoring the cross-sectional shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring to the original shape is recorded.
The third step: and repeating the second step until the rotating speed points cover the working rotating speed range to obtain a series of rotating speeds and gas pressure values corresponding to the rotating speeds one by one, and fitting the points to obtain a relation curve between the rotating speeds and the gas pressure values.
The fourth step: and designing an automatic control program according to the relation between the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 1 and the gas pressure obtained in the third step, and adjusting the gas pressure in real time according to the relation and the actual rotating speed during sealing operation to ensure that the section shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring does not change along with the rotating speed of the rotating shaft.
The working process of the high-rotating-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure is as follows:
the magnetic liquid 8 is injected between the pole teeth of the first pole shoe 6 and the second pole shoe 11, the magnetic liquid 8 rotates at a high speed along with the rotating shaft 1, the magnetic liquid 8 is kept in a sealing gap between the rotating shaft 1 and the pole teeth through a high magnetic field between the pole teeth, compressed gas with proper pressure is introduced into the annular permanent magnet 7 through the gas cylinder 14, the pressure reducing valve 16 and the gas circuit 15, and the compressed gas enables the magnetic liquid 8 to resist centrifugal force caused by high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft 1, so that the section of the magnetic liquid sealing ring does not change along with the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 1.
The invention relates to a sealing ring surface air pressure adjusting method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the cross-sectional shape of the magnetic liquid seal ring when the rotating shaft 1 is not rotating is recorded.
S2: the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 1 is increased to a certain point, the gas pressure is gradually increased, and the magnitude of the gas pressure for restoring the sectional shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring to the original shape is recorded.
S3: and repeating the step S2 until the rotating speed points cover the working rotating speed range to obtain a series of rotating speeds and gas pressure values corresponding to the rotating speeds one by one, and fitting the points to obtain a relation curve between the rotating speeds and the gas pressure values.
S4: and (4) designing an automatic control program according to the relational expression between the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 1 and the gas pressure obtained in the step (S3), and adjusting the gas pressure in real time according to the relational expression and the actual rotating speed during sealing operation to ensure that the section shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring does not change along with the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 1.
The following points need to be explained:
(1) The drawings of the embodiments of the invention only relate to the structures related to the embodiments of the invention, and other structures can refer to common designs.
(2) In the drawings used to describe embodiments of the invention, the thickness of layers or regions are exaggerated or reduced for clarity, i.e., the drawings are not necessarily to scale. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be "directly on" or "under" the other element or intervening elements may be present.
(3) Without conflict, embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other to arrive at new embodiments.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention is subject to the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A high-rotation-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure is characterized by comprising a rotating shaft and a non-magnetic outer sleeve arranged on the rotating shaft, wherein a first sealing and positioning structure, a magnetic liquid sealing unit and a second sealing and positioning structure are sequentially arranged on the rotating shaft and positioned on the inner side of the outer sleeve;
the magnetic liquid sealing unit comprises a first pole shoe, an annular permanent magnet and a second pole shoe which are sequentially arranged, and a first O-shaped ring and a second O-shaped ring are respectively arranged in grooves of the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe; the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are oppositely arranged in a pole tooth manner, the flaring direction of the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe faces towards the annular permanent magnet after the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are arranged, and magnetic liquid is injected among the first pole shoe, the second pole shoe and the rotating shaft;
the outer sleeve is provided with a through hole, the side surface of the annular permanent magnet is also provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to the through hole on the outer sleeve, an air passage is formed between the two through holes, the outer end of the air passage is sequentially connected with a pressure reducing valve and an air bottle, and the air bottle is used for introducing compressed air into the annular permanent magnet through the air passage;
the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are made of materials with good magnetic conductivity, and the pole tooth end surfaces of the two pole shoes are in variable cross-section shapes; pole teeth on the first pole piece and the second pole piece are sized such that the magnetic field strength between the two pole teeth is much greater than the magnetic field strength between the pole teeth and the surface of the rotating shaft;
and the magnetic liquid resists the centrifugal force caused by the high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft under the action of the pressure of the compressed gas, so that the section of the magnetic liquid sealing ring does not change along with the rotating speed of the rotating shaft.
2. The high-speed magnetic fluid seal structure of claim 1, wherein the first seal positioning structure comprises a first bearing and a first retaining ring mounted in series, the first retaining ring being proximate to the first pole piece; the second sealing and positioning structure comprises a second retaining ring, a second bearing and an end cover which are sequentially arranged, the second retaining ring is close to the second pole shoe, the outer end of the second bearing is pressed by the end cover, and the end cover is in threaded connection with the outer sleeve; one end of the rotating shaft is provided with a step, and the inner ring of the first bearing is abutted against the step of the rotating shaft.
3. A high-rotation-speed magnetic liquid seal structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the magnetic liquid seal units are installed in parallel in sequence on the rotating shaft.
4. The high-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure according to claim 1, wherein the end faces of the pole teeth of the first pole shoe and the second pole shoe are trapezoidal or hyperbolic in shape.
5. The high-speed magnetic liquid seal structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the first bearing and the second bearing are ball bearings or roller bearings or angular contact ball bearings.
6. A high rotational speed magnetic liquid seal structure according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the compressed gas inside the annular permanent magnet is determined according to a balance relationship between magnetic field forces received by the compressed gas and the magnetic liquid, centrifugal force caused by rotation of the rotating shaft, or according to an experimental method.
7. A seal ring surface gas pressure adjusting method for gas pressure adjustment of compressed gas in a high-revolution magnetic liquid seal structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
s1: recording the cross-sectional shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring when the rotating shaft does not rotate;
s2: increasing the rotating speed of the rotating shaft to a certain point, simultaneously gradually increasing the gas pressure, and recording the gas pressure for restoring the section shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring to the original shape;
s3: repeating the step S2 until the rotating speed points cover the working rotating speed range to obtain a series of rotating speeds and gas pressures corresponding to the rotating speeds one by one, and fitting the points to obtain a relation curve between the rotating speeds and the gas pressures;
s4: and (4) designing an automatic control program according to the relational expression between the rotating shaft rotating speed and the gas pressure obtained in the step (S3), and adjusting the gas pressure in real time according to the relational expression and the actual rotating speed during sealing operation to ensure that the section shape of the magnetic liquid sealing ring does not change along with the rotating shaft rotating speed.
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| CN202210270584.9A CN114704643B (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | High-rotation-speed magnetic liquid sealing structure and sealing ring surface air pressure adjusting method |
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| CN114704643B true CN114704643B (en) | 2023-02-24 |
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