CN114702475B - 一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺 - Google Patents
一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114702475B CN114702475B CN202210540680.0A CN202210540680A CN114702475B CN 114702475 B CN114702475 B CN 114702475B CN 202210540680 A CN202210540680 A CN 202210540680A CN 114702475 B CN114702475 B CN 114702475B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nicotine
- configuration
- reaction
- copper salt
- nornicotine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-VIFPVBQESA-N (S)-nornicotine Chemical compound C1CCN[C@@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nornicotine Natural products C1CCNC1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005902 aminomethylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical class [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DPNGWXJMIILTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N myosmine Chemical compound C1CCN=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 DPNGWXJMIILTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001843 polymethylhydrosiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021593 Copper(I) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GJWAPAVRQYYSTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(dimethyl-$l^{3}-silanyl)amino]-dimethylsilicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)N[Si](C)C GJWAPAVRQYYSTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATBIAJXSKNPHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 ATBIAJXSKNPHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YPKLGBBSEAWDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1CC1=CC=CN=C1 YPKLGBBSEAWDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000003505 Myosin Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108060008487 Myosin Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Substances C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000025569 Tobacco Use disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002670 nicotine replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 nicotinic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2409—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2442—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems
- B01J31/2447—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring
- B01J31/2452—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/16—Copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,包括如下步骤:在氮气保护下,以麦司明为底物,在有机溶剂中首次利用铜盐‑手性有机配体‑氢源催化体系选择性还原麦司明得到单一构型降烟碱。所述单一构型降烟碱经氨甲基化反应得到单一构型烟碱。本发明公开的一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,缩短了反应时间,通过不对称催化还原反应得到高光学纯度单一构型降烟碱,进一步得到高光学纯度烟碱,提高合成总收率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,尤其涉及一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺。
背景技术
烟碱,又称尼古丁,是存在于烟叶中含量最多的生物碱。20世纪90 年代全球大力推广“尼古丁替代疗法”帮助人们在生理和心理上戒除对烟草的依赖。烟碱分为R型和S型,其中S型烟碱具有很高生物活性,R型烟碱活性较差。目前烟碱主要是通过从烟草等植物中提取纯化,此方法得到的烟碱含量较低,成本居高不下。
2021年2月李家全小组专利CN112409327A公布一种高光学纯度烟碱的制备方法,此方法利用生物酶催化不对称还原技术。以烟酸酯为原料经偶联、脱羧、环合反应制备麦司明,利用生物酶催化还原麦司明得到光学纯度降烟碱,经降烟碱氨甲基化得到S型烟碱,因其采用生物酶催化的缘故对温度及PH要求较多,同时反应时间较长。
2021年10月高爽小组专利CN113527187A公布一种尼古丁的不对称制备方法,此方法利用手性催化剂催化还原4-甲氨基-1-(3-吡啶)-丁酮盐酸盐,经高压反应还原酮羰基得到手性醇,经环合反应得到具有光学活性烟碱。该工艺需要高压反应同时使用昂贵的钌、铑、铱、钯等贵金属盐,其合成成本较高。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,以缩短反应时间,提高不对称合成收率,提高产品纯度。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,包括如下步骤:在氮气保护下,以麦司明为底物,在有机溶剂中利用铜盐-手性有机配体-氢源催化体系进行还原得到单一构型降烟碱,所述单一构型降烟碱经氨甲基化反应得到单一构型烟碱,
所述铜盐-手性有机配体-氢源催化体系中,铜盐和手性有机配体络合,氢源起还原作用,
所述单一构型烟碱的反应路线为:
进一步地,所述麦司明采用如下方法制得:以烟酸和氯化亚砜为原料反应制备烟酰氯,烟酰氯与吡咯烷酮偶联反应得到1-烟酰基-2-吡咯烷酮,1-烟酰基-2-吡咯烷酮经开环、脱羧、环合得到麦司明,其中,麦司明的反应路线为:
进一步地,所述催化剂选自氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钡中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂选自芳香烃、醚、腈中的至少一种,更进一步地,所述有机溶剂优选为甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙醚、正辛烷、乙腈中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述铜盐选自氟化亚铜(CuF)、氯化亚铜(CuCl)、溴化亚铜(CuBr)、无水氯化铜(CuCl2)、硫酸铜(CuSO4)、CuF(PPh3)3·2MeOH 中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述氢源选自聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)、四甲基二硅氮烷 (TMDS)、苯硅烷(PhSiH3)、Ph2SiH2中的任意一种。
进一步地,所述手性有机配体选自下式:L1-L15中至少一种,对应的手性有机配体的结构式如下所示:
进一步地,所述麦司明、铜盐、手性有机配体的重量比为1:(0.01-0.1): (0.01-0.1)。
进一步地,所述麦司明和氢源的物质的量比为1:(1.2-4)。
本发明公开的一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺的有益效果:
1、在氮气保护下,以麦司明反应物,采用铜盐-手性有机配体催化剂,温和条件下进行还原反应得到单一构型降烟碱,单一构型降烟碱经氨甲基化反应得到单一构型烟碱,反应时间短,0.5小时即可反应完全,不对称合成收率可达90%以上,产品纯度和e.e值高,可达到99%,为合成单一构型烟碱提供生产新思路;
2、本申请操作简单,无需高温、高压,安全性高,环境友好,具有极高的工业化价值;
3、首次利用铜盐-手性有机配体-氢源催化体系选择性还原麦司明得到单一构型降烟碱,进一步得到高光学纯度烟碱。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请公开的麦司明图谱;
图2为本申请公开的3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱)图谱;
图3为烟碱图谱;
图4为本申请实施例1公开的采用L11-(S)-DTBM-SEGPHOS配体合成 S-烟碱图谱;
图5为本申请实施例2公开的采用L12-(S)-3,5-di-i-Pr-MeO-Biphep配体合成S-烟碱图谱;
图6为本发明实施例3公开的L10-(S)-Binap配体合成S-烟碱图谱;
图7为本申请实施例4公开的采用L5配体合成S-烟碱图谱。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图1-7,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本申请中使用的原料均为市售,没有特殊的要求。
原料及中间体的制备例
麦司明的制备例
麦司明的制备方法,以下以麦司明制备例1为例进行说明。
麦司明制备例1提供一种麦司明的制备方法,其合成路线如下所示:
具体的制备步骤为:
在氮气保护下,向反应器中加入24.6g的烟酸,然后滴加二氯亚砜24.1g,滴加时间为1-2h,滴加完成后,将反应体系升温至70℃,保温反应2h,减压除去过量的二氯亚砜,随后降温至25℃,得到烟酰氯28.2g;
向四口瓶中加入三甲苯150g、吡咯烷酮18.5g和三乙胺22.4g,然后滴加烟酰氯28.2g,滴加时间为1-2h,滴加完成后,将反应体系升温至80℃,保温反应6h,随后降温至25℃,过滤除去不溶物(三乙胺盐酸盐),得到滤液;
向滤液中加入氧化钡4.0g,然后将反应体系升温至165℃,回流反应24h,随后降温至25℃,加入脱色白土16g,最后经过一次过滤、减压回收溶剂,再经柱层析分离得到淡黄色固体15.6g,对该所得产物先采用质谱确定其分子量C9H10N2+NH4 +:164.2343,在通过核磁谱图分析,参照图1,可知,核磁解析数据如下:δ8.98(s,1H)为吡啶环a位置H的化学位移,8.64(d,1H)为吡啶环d位置H的化学位移受,8.18(d,1H)为吡啶环b位置H的化学位移, 7.34(t,1H)为吡啶环c位置H的化学位移,4.08(d,2H)为g位置H的化学位移,2.96(d,2H)为e位置H的化学位移,2.06(t,2H)为f位置H的化学位移,由此可证明,所得产物结构为:
即本制备例产物为麦司明,收率为53.4%,沸点82-84℃/1mmHg。
单一构型烟碱的实施例
单一构型烟碱的实施例1-4提供单一构型烟碱的制备方法,其合成路线如下所示:
具体地:
单一构型烟碱的实施例1
具体的制备步骤为:
在氮气保护下,向反应器中加入CuF(PPh3)3·2MeOH固体2.0g、L11配体1g、四氢呋喃250g,在25℃下搅拌0.5h,加入PMHS液体20ml,并于25 ℃下搅拌0.5h至体系为深红色,然后将体系降温至-10℃,随后滴加50wt%麦司明四氢呋喃溶液50g(麦司明和四氢呋喃溶液1:1),滴加时间为0.5h,滴毕于-10℃保温搅拌至体系变为黄色,此时麦司明反应完全;
麦司明反应完全后,加入1.5mol/mol的NH4F溶液200ml,搅拌1.0h水解过量的PMHS,水解反应生成硅醚;
用15g硅胶减压过滤除去溶液中的铜盐,并用二氯甲烷洗涤(2× 10mLDCM)滤饼,滤液分相,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×100mL)水相,用饱和食盐水洗涤合并有机相后,对有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩,减压回收溶剂,油泵减压蒸馏得到油状液体24.54g,对该所得产物先采用质谱确定其分子量C9H12N2+NH4 +:166.2431,后通过核磁共振谱图分析,参照图2,可知,核磁解析数据如下:核磁解析数据如下:δ8.54(s,1H)为吡啶环a位置 H的化学位移,8.41(d,1H)为吡啶环d位置H的化学位移,7.65(d,1H)为吡啶环b位置H的化学位移,7.18(t,1H)为吡啶环c位置H的化学位移,4.10(t, 1H)为e位置H的化学位移,3.10-3.16(m,2H)为h位置H的化学位移,2.10(m,1H)/1.92(m,1H)为f位置H的化学位移,2.0(s,1H)为i位置H的化学位移, 1.52-1.76(m,2H)为g位置H的化学位移.由此证明目标产物结构为:
即为3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱),收率为96.8%。
将3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱)经氨甲基化反应得到油状液体23.5g,即为S构型烟碱,收率85%,e.e值为99.7%。
单一构型烟碱的实施例2
具体的制备步骤为:
在氮气保护下,向反应器中加入CuF(PPh3)3·2MeOH固体2.0g、L12配体1g、甲苯250g,在25℃下转速搅拌0.5h,加入PMHS液体20ml,并于25 ℃下搅拌0.5h至体系为深红色,然后将体系降温至0℃,随后滴加50wt%麦司明四氢呋喃溶液50g(麦司明和四氢呋喃溶液1:1),滴加时间为0.5h,滴毕于0℃保温搅拌至体系变为黄色,此时麦司明反应完全;
麦司明反应完全后,加入1.5mol/mol的NH4F溶液200ml,搅拌1.0h水解过量的PMHS,水解反应生成硅醚;
用15g硅胶减压过滤除去溶液中的铜盐,并用二氯甲烷洗涤(2× 10mLDCM)滤饼,滤液分相,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×100mL)水相,用饱和食盐水洗涤合并有机相后,对有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩,减压回收溶剂,油泵减压蒸馏得到油状液体23.81g,即为3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱) 收率为94%;
将3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱)经氨甲基化反应得到油状液体22.94g,即为S构型烟碱,收率88%,e.e值为91.43%。
单一构型烟碱的实施例3
具体的制备步骤为:
在氮气保护下,向反应器中加入CuCl固体1.0g、L10配体1g、甲苯250g,在25℃下均速搅拌0.5h,加入PMHS液体20ml,并于25℃下搅拌0.5h至体系为深红色,然后将体系降温至0℃,随后滴加50wt%麦司明四氢呋喃溶液 50g(麦司明和四氢呋喃溶液1:1),滴加时间为0.5h,滴毕于0℃保温均速搅拌至体系变为黄色,此时麦司明反应完全;
麦司明反应完全后,加入1.5mol/mol的NH4F溶液200ml,搅拌1.0h水解过量的PMHS,水解反应生成硅醚;
用15g硅胶减压过滤除去溶液中的铜盐,并用二氯甲烷洗涤(2× 10mLDCM)滤饼,滤液分相,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×100mL)水相,用饱和食盐水洗涤合并有机相后,对有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩,减压回收溶剂,油泵减压蒸馏得到油状液体23.31g,即为3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱) 收率为92%;
将3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱)经氨甲基化反应得到油状液体22.2g,即为S构型烟碱,收率87%,e.e值为22.1%。
单一构型烟碱的实施例4
具体的制备步骤为:
在氮气保护下,向反应器中加入CuF固体1.0g、L5配体1g、四氢呋喃 250g,在25℃下均速搅拌0.5h,加入TMDS液体22ml,并于25℃下搅拌0.5h 至体系为橙红色,随后滴加50wt%麦司明四氢呋喃溶液50g(麦司明和四氢呋喃溶液1:1),滴加时间为0.5h,滴毕于25℃保温均速搅拌至体系变为黄色,此时麦司明反应完全;
麦司明反应完全后,加入1.5mol/mol的NH4F溶液200ml,搅拌1.0h水解过量的TMDS,水解反应生成硅醚;
用15g硅胶减压过滤除去溶液中的铜盐,并用二氯甲烷洗涤(2× 10mLDCM)滤饼,滤液分相,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×100mL)水相,用饱和食盐水洗涤合并有机相后,对有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩,减压回收溶剂,油泵减压蒸馏得到油状液体23.51g,即为3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱) 收率为93%;
将3-(2-吡咯烷)吡啶(降烟碱)经氨甲基化反应得到油状液体23.21g,即为S构型烟碱,收率90%,e.e值为87.6%。
对上述实施例2-4的S构型烟碱先采用质谱确定其分子量C10H14N2+NH4 +:180.2611,后通过核磁共振图谱确定H个数。参照图3-7,核磁解析数据如下:δ8.51(s,1H)为吡啶环a位置H的化学位移,8.47(d,1H)为吡啶环d位置 H的化学位移,7.69(d,1H)为吡啶环b位置H的化学位移,7.24(t,1H)为吡啶环c位置H的化学位移,3.25(t,1H)为e位置H的化学位移,3.08(t, 1H)/2.26(m,1H)为h位置H的化学位移,2.30(m,1H)/1.95(m,1H)为f位置H的化学位移,2.15(s,3H)为i位置H的化学位移,1.71-1.82(m,2H) 为g位置H的化学位移,由此证明目标产物结构式为:
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:以麦司明为底物,在有机溶剂中利用铜盐-手性有机配体-氢源催化体系进行还原得到单一构型降烟碱,所述单一构型降烟碱经氨甲基化反应得到单一构型烟碱,
所述铜盐-手性有机配体-氢源催化体系中,铜盐和手性有机配体络合,氢源起还原作用;所述氢源选自聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)、四甲基二硅氮烷(TMDS)、苯硅烷(PhSiH3)、Ph2SiH2中的任意一种;
所述铜盐选自氟化亚铜(CuF)、氯化亚铜(CuCl)、溴化亚铜(CuBr)、无水氯化铜(CuCl2)、硫酸铜(CuSO4)、CuF(PPh3)3·2MeOH中的至少一种;
所述手性有机配体选自下图:L1-L15中至少一种:
所述单一构型烟碱的反应路线为:
。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,其特征在于,所述麦司明采用如下方法制得:以烟酸和氯化亚砜为原料反应制备烟酰氯,烟酰氯与吡咯烷酮偶联反应得到1-烟酰基-2-吡咯烷酮,1-烟酰基-2-吡咯烷酮在催化剂存在下经开环、脱羧、环合得到麦司明。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,其特征在于,所述催化剂选自氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钡中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自芳香烃、醚、腈中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,其特征在于,所述麦司明、铜盐、手性有机配体的重量比为1:(0.01-0.1):(0.01-0.1)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺,其特征在于,所述麦司明和氢源的物质的量比为1:(1.2-4)。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210540680.0A CN114702475B (zh) | 2022-05-17 | 2022-05-17 | 一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210540680.0A CN114702475B (zh) | 2022-05-17 | 2022-05-17 | 一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN114702475A CN114702475A (zh) | 2022-07-05 |
CN114702475B true CN114702475B (zh) | 2023-12-26 |
Family
ID=82177148
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210540680.0A Active CN114702475B (zh) | 2022-05-17 | 2022-05-17 | 一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN114702475B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4332098A1 (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-06 | Siegfried AG | Chiral synthesis of nornicotine and nicotine |
CN116217544B (zh) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-29 | 济南悟通生物科技有限公司 | 一种(s)-降烟碱的合成方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112409327A (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 山东金城医药化工有限公司 | 一种高光学纯度烟碱的制备方法 |
CN113272289A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-08-17 | 扎诺普瑞玛生命科学有限公司 | 由麦斯明制备(s)-烟碱的方法 |
CN113373188A (zh) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-10 | 重庆博腾制药科技股份有限公司 | 一种(s)-尼古丁的合成方法 |
CN113896713A (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-07 | 云南萃精生物科技有限责任公司 | 具有光学活性左旋烟碱的合成方法 |
CN113999084A (zh) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-01 | 成昌梅 | 一种(s)-(-)-尼古丁的合成制备方法 |
CN115594662A (zh) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-13 | 昆明理工大学(Cn) | 一种(s)-烟碱的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007007646A1 (ja) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-18 | Takasago International Corporation | 均一系不斉水素化反応用触媒 |
-
2022
- 2022-05-17 CN CN202210540680.0A patent/CN114702475B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113272289A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-08-17 | 扎诺普瑞玛生命科学有限公司 | 由麦斯明制备(s)-烟碱的方法 |
CN113373188A (zh) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-10 | 重庆博腾制药科技股份有限公司 | 一种(s)-尼古丁的合成方法 |
CN112409327A (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 山东金城医药化工有限公司 | 一种高光学纯度烟碱的制备方法 |
CN113999084A (zh) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-01 | 成昌梅 | 一种(s)-(-)-尼古丁的合成制备方法 |
CN113896713A (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-07 | 云南萃精生物科技有限责任公司 | 具有光学活性左旋烟碱的合成方法 |
CN115594662A (zh) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-13 | 昆明理工大学(Cn) | 一种(s)-烟碱的制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Magnesium Oxide;Brian A. Roden等;e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagent;1-7 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN114702475A (zh) | 2022-07-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN114702475B (zh) | 一种单一构型烟碱的合成工艺 | |
CN106243031B (zh) | 一种阿帕替尼的制备方法 | |
CN112679420B (zh) | 一种2,5-二溴吡啶的制备方法 | |
CN110183378B (zh) | 一种烟酰胺的衍生物及其催化合成方法 | |
CN114874134A (zh) | 一种无保护不对称制备尼古丁的工艺 | |
CN107098822A (zh) | 一种制备普仑司特关键中间体3‑氨基‑2‑羟基苯乙酮的制备方法 | |
CN111777571B (zh) | 一种手性2-氨基-3 -(1,3-苯并噻唑-2-基)丙酸盐酸盐的合成方法 | |
CN108675999B (zh) | 一种醋酸铜催化制备8-(9-亚砜基-10-二氢菲)喹啉类化合物的方法 | |
CN112574081A (zh) | 制备芳基硫代酰胺类化合物的方法 | |
CN109369608B (zh) | 一种制备苯并-1,3-氧硫杂环己二烯-4-亚基胺的方法 | |
CN104311485A (zh) | 一种治疗白血病的药物博舒替尼的制备方法 | |
CN102249993A (zh) | 对生产3-氰基吡啶所产生的废水处理及回收烟酸的方法 | |
CN108129424A (zh) | 一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法 | |
CN114213424A (zh) | 一种呋喃[3,2-b]并吡啶衍生物的合成方法 | |
CN112679505B (zh) | 一种4-甲基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶的合成方法 | |
CN105503828A (zh) | 一种吡咯衍生物的富马酸盐的制备方法 | |
CN106883185B (zh) | 一种4-氯-2-三氟甲基嘧啶的制备方法 | |
CN112300059B (zh) | 一种pf-06651600中间体的制备方法 | |
CN114213384B (zh) | 一种3,4-二取代异香豆素衍生物的制备方法 | |
CN112521289B (zh) | 一种氧杂烯丙基胺类化合物及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN111333507B (zh) | 一种β-羟基酯类化合物的合成方法 | |
CN115872887B (zh) | 一种阿戈美拉汀的制备方法 | |
RU2778789C1 (ru) | Способ получения s-никотина | |
CN113788784B (zh) | 一种2-氟-3-三氟甲基吡啶的制备方法 | |
CN110194760B (zh) | 制备3-亚苄基-2-(7’-喹啉)-2,3-二氢-异吲哚-1-酮类化合物的方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |