CN114692459A - Method for simulating peripheral nerve injury accurate array electrical stimulation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for simulating peripheral nerve injury accurate array electrical stimulation, which comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a forearm geometric model; and secondly, constructing a forearm electrical stimulation model, and designing electrode array distribution through finite element calculation: needle electrodes are added at the two tail ends of the three-dimensional forearm geometric model, a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation geometric model is constructed, and the conductivity of the forearm geometric model is set according to the electrical property of each tissue of the forearm and the electrical property of the needle electrodes; applying current stimulation to the needle-shaped electrode, constructing a forearm electrical stimulation model, and solving Maxwell equations through finite element calculation to obtain the electric field distribution of nerves around forearm tissues; calculating the current density of the forearm nerve to evaluate the electric quantity of the stimulated nerve; and calculating a nerve fiber excitation function, and determining the distribution of the electrode array, including the number of the needle-shaped electrodes, the distance between the two needles and the included angle between the two needles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of peripheral nerve injury electrical stimulation methods, and particularly relates to a method for simulating peripheral nerve injury accurate array electrical stimulation.
Background
Approximately 42000 and 74000 patients with peripheral nerve injury in the United states annually have the peripheral nerve injury causing sensory and motor dysfunction, which seriously affects the quality of life of the patients. Electrical stimulation is currently one of the most effective therapeutic approaches to promote the recovery of peripheral nerve function. Koo, J research finds that electrical stimulation can promote the growth of damaged proximal axial buds after peripheral nerve injury, and further promote early functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Willand et al further discuss the mechanism to find: the electrical stimulation of 20HZ for 1 hour can promote depolarization of a cell body of a damaged proximal neuron, increase expression of nerve growth factors such as secondary BDNF and the like and accelerate axon regeneration.
In the process of treating peripheral nerve injury by electric stimulation, the electrode has important influence on the stimulation effect. Currently used stimulation electrodes are mainly divided into three categories: surface, subcutaneous and fully implantable. However, the implantable electrode has the characteristics of high surgical risk, easy displacement of the electrode, high implantation cost and the like, so that the electrode is not widely popularized and applied in China. Because the subcutaneous electrode has higher selectivity and targeting property, the subcutaneous electrode has low cost and is widely welcomed. Nowadays, acupuncture needles, also called electrical needles, are often used as subcutaneous electrodes. The electric needle has the defects of low electric quantity, limited range and the like. Accordingly, there has been studied a method in which a needle body is plated with a nano S12 coating layer and then connected to an electric acupuncture apparatus, and current is directed from a needle tip to a lesion site acting on a deep layer (a directional conductive acupuncture needle and a method for producing the same, CN 104415453A). However, this method has the following disadvantages: 1. the acupuncture needle needs to be specially modified, the acupuncture treatment cost is increased, and the popularization and the application are limited; 2. the acupuncture needle is punctured into an acupuncture point near nerve injury, and secondary nerve puncture is possible; 3. this approach only increases local electrical needle conductivity, while peripheral nerve injury often causes extensive nerve changes, and increasing only the depth of the electrical needle is difficult to meet the therapeutic needs. The matrix electrical stimulation formed by arranging the plurality of stimulation electrodes has certain advantages in improving the stimulation electricity quantity and the stimulation effect. There are studies on the stimulation of peripheral nerves by the microneedle array electrostimulation Method, which found that the microneedle array electrostimulation has high selectivity and stimulation intensity for the stimulation of peripheral nerves (Soltanzadeh R, Afshharipour E, Shafai C. interrogation of transient electric stimulation with micro electron array electronics positioning. int J Numer Method Biomed Eng.2020 Mar; 36(3): E3318.doi: 10.1002/cnm.8. Epub Feb 18.PMID: 32017406.). However, the research adopts an implantable microarray electrode, needs surgical implantation, and has the disadvantages of high cost, high risk and the like.
The therapeutic effect of the electric stimulation to treat the peripheral nerve injury is proved by various experiments, and the specific molecular biological mechanism of the electric stimulation is also widely concerned. The finite element is used as a mathematical and physical model with wide application, and can effectively supplement from an electrical theory and verify the deficiency of a biological mechanism. (Gordon, T., Electrical simulation to Enhance Axon Regeneration After Peripheral inner sources in Animal Models and human. Neurotheropeptics, 2016.13(2): p.295-310.); (Fu, T, et al, electric Muscle Stimulation accesses Functional Recovery After neural input. neural science,2020.426: p.179-188.); (Park, S., et al, Effects of repaired 20-Hz Electric simulation on Functional Recovery from Peripheral Nerve Repair,2019.33(9): p.775-784.) (Bunn, S.J., A.Lai and J.Li, DC Electric Fields induced compatibility and Enhanced simulation in Schwann cells culture, Ann biological Eng,2019.) (Fei, J.et al, Electric sources produced by Peripheral Nerve Repair and Repair, Fei, J.E., Cell Repair and Repair, and production of plasma Repair and Repair in 354. n. the results of the simulation and Repair of the Functional Repair, and the results of the Functional Repair, and Repair of the Functional Repair, 3. n. the Functional Repair, N.E. and Repair, and Repair of the Functional Repair, N.E. and Repair, N.E. the Functional Repair, and Repair of the Functional Repair, and Repair, 3. the Functional Repair, III, and Repair; (Elder, C.W.and P.B.Yoo, A fine element modifying student of a peripheral negative biological neutral simulation in the human lower leg. Med Eng Phys,2018.53: p.32-38.); frahm, K.S., et al, New Fiber Activation Dual Peripheral New Field Stimulation, Import of Electrode organization and Estimation of Area of Paresthesia.Neuromechanical, 2016.19(3): p.311-8.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for simulating accurate array electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve injury, which utilizes COMSOL Multiphysics to establish a finite element model of forearm nerve injury, and determines electrode array distribution including electric needle distance, electric needle included angle and electric needle number according to a conductivity equation. The technical scheme is as follows:
a method of simulating accurate array electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve injury comprising the steps of:
the first step is to construct a forearm geometric model:
constructing a forearm three-dimensional geometric model through a GUI geometric modeling module of COMSOL Multiphysics based on forearm nuclear magnetic data;
secondly, constructing a forearm electrical stimulation model, and designing electrode array distribution through finite element calculation
Needle electrodes are added at the two tail ends of the three-dimensional forearm geometric model, a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation geometric model is constructed, and the conductivity of the forearm geometric model is set according to the electrical property of each tissue of the forearm and the electrical property of the needle electrodes;
applying current stimulation to the needle-shaped electrode, constructing a forearm electrical stimulation model, and solving Maxwell equations through finite element calculation to obtain the electric field distribution of nerves around forearm tissues; calculating forearm nerve current densityFor evaluating stimulated nerve charge; calculating a nerve fiber excitation function uxx,Determining the distribution of the electrode array according to the following steps, wherein the distribution comprises the number of the needle-shaped electrodes, the distance between two needles and the included angle between the two needles:
(1) determining the distance between two needles of the needle-shaped electrode:
sequentially constructing forearms with different needle-shaped electrode two-needle distancesAn electrode array electrical stimulation model is used for calculating the forearm nerve current density of the needle electrode under different distancesAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxx(ii) a Comparing the current densities of different electrode distances with the nerve fiber excitation function result, and selecting the needle electrode distance with the maximum current density and excitation function as the optimal needle electrode distance;
(2) determination of the number of needle electrodes:
constructing forearm electrode array electrical stimulation models with different needle electrode numbers by combining the average length of the human forearm anatomy and the human body bearing capacity; calculating the current density of forearm nerve under the number of the needle electrodesAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxx(ii) a Comparing the current density of different electrode numbers with the nerve fiber excitation function result, and selecting the number of the needle electrodes with the current density and the maximum excitation function as the optimal number of the needle electrodes;
(3) determining the relative included angle of two needles of the needle-shaped electrode:
constructing a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation model of different needle electrode relative angles, and calculating forearm nerve current density of the needle electrodes under different anglesAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxxAnd comparing the current density of different electrode angles with the nerve fiber excitation function result, and selecting the relative included angle of the needle electrode with the maximum excitation function as the optimal needle electrode angle.
According to the invention, by providing a simulation method, on the basis of establishing a forearm geometric model and a forearm electrical stimulation model, a needle stimulation electrode distribution strategy is optimized, and simulation basis and guidance can be provided for a treatment scheme of simulating peripheral nerve injury accurate array electrical stimulation.
Drawings
The following drawings depict selected embodiments of the present invention, all by way of example and not by way of exhaustive or limiting example, and are presented in the figures of the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall scheme
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of an electrode array
FIG. 3 is a detail view of a forearm finite element model geometry model with the needle electrode perpendicular to the forearm geometry model.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The method for accurately electrically stimulating peripheral nerve injury based on an electrode array of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, which are intended to be described as embodiments of the present invention, and not to be the only form in which the method can be manufactured or utilized, and other embodiments capable of achieving the same function are also included in the scope of the present invention.
Table one: forearm geometric model size and conductivity parameters
The novel method for accurately electrically stimulating the peripheral nerve injury based on the electrode array can be roughly divided into the following three steps, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall scheme:
1. constructing a forearm geometric model:
according to the actual anatomical structure of the forearm of a human body, an elliptic cylindrical forearm three-dimensional geometric model is constructed through a GUI geometric modeling module carried by COMSOL Multiphysics based on forearm nuclear magnetic data. Forearm geometric models include skin, fat, blood vessels, muscle, bone and nerves, see figure 3 for details, and table one for specific dimensions.
2. Constructing a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation model, and designing electrode array distribution based on an optimization method through finite element calculation:
on the basis of the forearm three-dimensional geometric model constructed in the step 1, needle electrodes are added at two tail ends of the three-dimensional forearm geometric model, and the needle pitch is 12cm, so that a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation geometric model is constructed, as shown in fig. 3. The geometrical model conductivity was set according to the electrical properties of the respective tissues of the forearm and the electrical properties of the needle electrode, and the set conductivity values and permittivity were as shown in Table I (Gabriel, S, RW Lau, C Gabriel. the dielectric properties of biological properties: III. parametric models for the dielectric spectra of properties [ J ]. Phys Med Biol,1996,41 (11): 2271-93).
And applying current stimulation to the needle electrode, wherein the current value is 1mA, constructing a forearm electrical stimulation model, and solving the following Maxwell equation by a COMSOL Multiphysics finite element calculation method to obtain the electric field distribution of the nerves around the forearm tissue.
Wherein,is a differential operator, sigma is the conductivity distribution of the forearm, omega is the area represented by the forearm model, j is the current density applied to the needle electrode, u is the electric field distribution of the peripheral nerves of the forearm tissue obtained by calculation,is referred to as the partial derivative. And then calculating the forearm nerve current density according to the equation (2-3)The current density refers to the density at which electric charges flow, i.e., the amount of current per unit cross-sectional area. The current density is usually used for measuring the magnitude of the electric quantity and is directly related to the therapeutic effect of the electric stimulation, and the electric quantity of the stimulated nerve is evaluated by using the index.
uxxThe degree of influence of extra-membrane current on intra-membrane current is characterized for the second derivative of the intra-tissue potential along the nerve fiber axon, i.e. the nerve fiber excitation function. The nerve fiber excitation function was calculated according to formula (4) to evaluate the nerve fiber excitability. When u isxxWhen the transmembrane potential is positive, the neuron depolarizes and becomes excited.
According to the following steps, the electrode array distribution is determined, including the number of needle-shaped electrodes, the distance between two needles and the included angle between two needles.
(1) Determining the distance between two needles of the needle-shaped electrode:
and sequentially constructing a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation model with the needle electrode distance of 1-12cm by taking the needle electrode distance of 1cm as a step length. Calculating the current density of the forearm nerve at different distances of the needle electrode by solving the equations (1-4) respectivelyAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxx. According to the optimization principle, comparing the current densities of different electrode distances with the nerve fiber excitation function result, and selecting the needle electrode distance with the maximum excitation function as the optimal needle electrode distance. In this example, the distance between the two needles of the needle electrode was determined to be 5 cm.
(2) Determination of the number of needle electrodes:
and sequentially constructing a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation model with the number of the needle electrodes of 2-8 by taking the number of the needle electrodes as a step length and combining the average anatomical length of the forearm of the human body and the bearing capacity of the human body. Calculating the current density of the forearm nerve under the number of the needle electrodes by solving the equation (1-4) respectivelyAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxx. According to the optimization principle, comparing the current densities of different electrode numbers with the results of the nerve fiber excitation function, and selecting the number of the needle electrodes with the current densities and the maximum excitation function as the optimal number of the needle electrodes. In this example, the number of the needle electrodes was determined to be 6.
(3) Determining the relative included angle of two needles of the needle-shaped electrode:
and sequentially constructing a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation model of the needle electrodes at 0-180 degrees by taking the relative angle of the needle electrodes at 15 degrees as a step length. Calculating the current density of the forearm nerve at different angles of the needle electrode by solving the equations (1-4) respectivelyAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxx. According to the optimization principle, comparing the current densities of different electrode angles with the nerve fiber excitation function result, and selecting the relative included angle of the needle electrode with the maximum excitation function as the optimal needle electrode angle. In this embodiment, the relative angle between the two needles of the needle electrode is determined to be 0 degree.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described in an illustrative and non-restrictive manner, and it should be understood that the structural forms or embodiments similar to the present invention may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A method of simulating accurate array electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve injury comprising the steps of:
the first step is to construct a forearm geometric model:
based on the forearm nuclear magnetic data, a forearm three-dimensional geometric model was constructed by the GUI geometric modeling module of COMSOL Multiphysics.
Secondly, constructing a forearm electrical stimulation model, and designing electrode array distribution through finite element calculation
Needle electrodes are added at the two tail ends of the three-dimensional forearm geometric model, a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation geometric model is constructed, and the conductivity of the forearm geometric model is set according to the electrical property of each tissue of the forearm and the electrical property of the needle electrodes;
applying current stimulation to the needle-shaped electrode, constructing a forearm electrical stimulation model, and solving Maxwell equations through finite element calculation to obtain the electric field distribution of nerves around forearm tissues; calculating forearm nerve current densityFor evaluating stimulated nerve charge; calculating a nerve fiber excitation function uxxDetermining the distribution of the electrode array according to the following steps, including the number of the needle-shaped electrodes, the distance between the two needles and the included angle between the two needles:
(1) determining the distance between two needles of the needle-shaped electrode:
sequentially constructing forearm electrode array electrical stimulation models of different needle electrode two-needle distances, and calculating forearm nerve current density of the needle electrode at different distancesAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxx(ii) a Comparing the current densities of different electrode distances with the nerve fiber excitation function result, and selecting the needle electrode distance with the current density and the maximum excitation function as the optimal needle electrode distance;
(2) determination of the number of needle electrodes:
constructing forearm electrode array electrical stimulation models with different needle electrode numbers by combining the average length of the human forearm anatomy and the human body bearing capacity; calculating the current density of forearm nerve under the number of the needle electrodesAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxx(ii) a Comparing the current density of different electrode numbers with the nerve fiber excitation function result, and selecting the number of the needle electrodes with the current density and the maximum excitation function as the optimal number of the needle electrodes;
(3) determining the relative included angle of two needles of the needle-shaped electrode:
constructing a forearm electrode array electrical stimulation model of different needle electrode relative angles, and calculating forearm nerve current density of the needle electrodes under different anglesAnd nerve fiber excitation function uxxThe current density and nerve fibers were compared for different electrode angles.
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