CN114684213B - Vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicle - Google Patents
Vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114684213B CN114684213B CN202011560021.0A CN202011560021A CN114684213B CN 114684213 B CN114684213 B CN 114684213B CN 202011560021 A CN202011560021 A CN 202011560021A CN 114684213 B CN114684213 B CN 114684213B
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- transfer box
- valve
- flushing
- urine
- trigger switch
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010797 grey water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100298225 Caenorhabditis elegans pot-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000405070 Percophidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D35/00—Sanitation
- B61D35/005—Toilet facilities
- B61D35/007—Toilet facilities comprising toilet waste receiving, treatment, storage, disposal or removal devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
- E03F1/006—Pneumatic sewage disposal systems; accessories specially adapted therefore
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
- Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vacuum sanitary system for a railway vehicle, which comprises a wastewater discharge device, a toilet, a flushing device, a vacuum generator, a toilet flushing trigger switch, a transfer box, a sewage box and a control unit, wherein the transfer box is connected with the vacuum generator, the wastewater discharge device is connected with the transfer box through a drain pipe, a one-way valve and a diaphragm valve are connected in series on the drain pipe, wastewater flows into the transfer box through the one-way valve and the diaphragm valve according to gravity, the transfer box is arranged above the sewage box, a transfer box drain valve is arranged at a communication port between the transfer box and the sewage box, sewage in the transfer box is discharged into the sewage box according to gravity, the toilet flushing trigger switch comprises a excrement trigger switch and a urine trigger switch, and the urine trigger switch, the transfer box drain valve, the flushing device and the vacuum generator are connected with the control unit. The system has the advantages of simple integral structure, low cost, simplified control mode, reduced fault points, no reverse spraying risk of the transfer box, great improvement of the working reliability of the system, and reduction of the electricity consumption, water consumption and air consumption of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vacuum sanitary system for a railway vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle sanitary systems.
Background
With the rapid development of high-speed railways in recent decades, vacuum sanitary systems have become the standard of sanitary toilets for railway carriages. Compared with the early direct-discharge toilet, the vacuum sanitary system installed in the prior art has the functions of collecting dirt and washing wastewater, achieves the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection, and greatly improves the comfort of passengers.
At present, more vacuum sanitary systems are applied to domestic and foreign railway carriages, and the vacuum sanitary systems mainly comprise main flow forms such as vacuum transfer type, vacuum holding type, vacuum compact type, vacuum on-line type and the like. However, the system has the advantages and disadvantages of low energy consumption, short waiting time for using the toilet, too many control components, more fault points, low cost performance of the system and the like. In addition, as the transit type vacuum excrement collecting system in the prior art adopts positive pressure to transfer dirt, reverse spraying failure can occur when the reliability of the components is reduced, and the use of the sanitary system is seriously affected.
In the vacuum excrement collecting system for train, besides the transfer box and the sewage box, a waste water tank is also arranged for collecting the washing waste water flowing out of the hand basin and the floor drain, when the waste water tank reaches a certain liquid level, vacuum is built in the transfer box, and a waste water draining valve on a drain pipe of the waste water tank is opened to drain the waste water in the waste water tank into the transfer box. The system structure has certain disadvantages: firstly, the system has complex structure and high cost; secondly, when discharging the wastewater tank to the transfer incasement, need establish vacuum in the transfer incasement, waste water drain valve is pneumatic solenoid valve simultaneously, and not only control mode and control structure are complicated, also can increase control circuit's load, improve the power consumption of system, also can increase the gas consumption simultaneously.
In addition, the existing toilet stool installed on the high-speed railway vehicle has the water consumption of 0.5L for one flushing, wherein the water consumption of 0.3L or 0.35L for the first flushing and the water consumption of 0.2L or 0.15L for the second flushing. Because the existing toilet does not distinguish between the feces and the urine, the water consumption of the feces and the urine is equal, and thus, unnecessary water resources on the vehicle are wasted during the urine. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the water consumption is large, the required volume of the sewage box is large, not only is the limited equipment installation space of the vehicle body occupied, but also the weight of the vehicle body is increased, and the higher requirements of light weight and environmental protection cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing the vacuum sanitary system for the railway vehicle, which has the advantages of simple system structure, lower energy consumption, more optimized performance and higher reliability and can meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The utility model provides a vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicle, includes waste water discharging equipment, stool pot, bath device, vacuum generator, stool pot wash trigger switch, well transfer case, filth case and control unit, the transfer case is connected with vacuum generator, waste water discharging equipment passes through the drain pipe and is connected with the transfer case concatenate check valve and diaphragm valve on the drain pipe, waste water passes through check valve and diaphragm valve are according to gravity inflow transfer incasement, the transfer case is installed in the top of filth case the transfer case is installed to the intercommunication mouth department between transfer case and the filth case, the filth in the transfer case is arranged to the filth incasement according to gravity, stool pot wash trigger switch includes stool trigger switch and urine trigger switch, stool trigger switch, urine trigger switch, transfer case blowoff valve, bath device, vacuum generator are connected with control unit.
Further, the stool trigger switch and the urine trigger switch are stool flushing buttons, urine flushing buttons and/or human body stool state sensing trigger devices.
Further, the human body urine and feces state sensing triggering device comprises a human body sensor and a timer for detecting the human body toilet time, and generates triggering signals of the urine and feces state and the urine state according to the human toilet time.
Further, the control unit comprises a flushing water quantity control module, the flushing water quantity control module is connected with the excrement trigger switch, the urine trigger switch and the flushing device, the flushing water quantity control module comprises a first flushing control module and a second flushing control module, the first flushing water quantity of the first flushing control module controlling the urine state is smaller than that of the excrement state, and the second flushing water quantity of the second flushing control module controlling the urine state is equal to that of the excrement state.
Further, the control unit comprises a vacuum degree control module, the vacuum degree control module is connected with the stool trigger switch, the urine trigger switch and the vacuum generator, and the vacuum degree control module controls the vacuum degree of the urine state to be smaller than that of the stool state or controls the vacuum degree of the urine state to be zero.
Further, the diaphragm valve is installed in one side of the transfer box, the diaphragm valve comprises a valve body, a diaphragm is installed in the valve body, the diaphragm divides the valve body into two cavities, a vent is arranged on the valve body of the first cavity, the second cavity is connected with a water inlet channel and a water discharge channel, the diaphragm can be selectively closed or separated from the joint of the water inlet channel and the water discharge channel according to the pressure difference between the first cavity and the second cavity to cut off or communicate a water flow path between the water inlet channel and the water discharge channel, and an inlet of the water inlet channel and an outlet of the water discharge channel are respectively connected with waste water discharge equipment in a vehicle and the transfer box through water pipes.
Further, an annular boss is arranged on one side surface of the diaphragm corresponding to the outlet of the water inlet channel, and the annular boss is attached to or separated from the outlet of the water inlet channel so as to cut off or communicate a water flow path between the water inlet channel and the water drain channel.
Further, the transfer box blow-down valve is a plug valve, and the plug valve is connected with the driving mechanism.
Further, the transfer box is a box-shaped structure formed by a bottom plate, a top plate and a coaming, the bottom plate is of a conical structure protruding downwards, a mounting bin recessed inwards is arranged on the side face of the transfer box, the plug valve is mounted in the mounting bin in an embedded mode from the side face, and the driving mechanism is mounted at the top of the plug valve.
Further, a high liquid level switch is arranged on the transfer box and is connected with the control unit, the control unit comprises a waste water collection control module and a toilet collection control module, the waste water collection control module is used for controlling the action of a transfer box blow-down valve when the liquid level of waste water collected by the transfer box reaches the high liquid level, and the toilet collection control module is used for controlling the action of the transfer box blow-down valve after receiving trigger signals of a stool trigger switch and a urine trigger switch, and the actions of the transfer box blow-down valve comprise emptying action before vacuum is established in the transfer box and blow-down action after toilet dirt is collected.
In summary, the vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicles of the invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
(1) The system only relies on gravity to discharge waste water to the transfer box, again with the filth of transfer incasement to the filth incasement, utilize mechanical structure's diaphragm valve to realize the break-make of waste water drain pipe, need not to establish vacuum in the transfer box when waste water discharges to the transfer box, also need not to establish vacuum in the filth incasement or beat malleation in the transfer box when the transfer box blowdown simultaneously, make this system overall structure simple, with low costs, and simplified control method, the fault point has been reduced, the risk of reverse spraying of transfer box has been stopped, system operational reliability has been promoted by a wide margin, and the power consumption and the gas consumption of system are reduced simultaneously.
(2) The gravity blowdown is passed through between this system transfer case and the filth case, and the intercommunication mouth between transfer case and the filth case passes through the sluice valve among the plug valve and replaces prior art, not only can make gravity blowdown more reliable and stable, is favorable to reducing maintenance cost moreover. Meanwhile, the transfer box is directly connected with the sewage box, so that structures such as a blow-off valve arranged between the transfer box and the sewage box in the prior art are omitted, and the total height occupied by the transfer box and the sewage box is reduced.
(3) The system is used for distinguishing the flushing water quantity and the vacuum degree in different toilet states by distinguishing the toilet states, so that the water consumption and the air consumption in urination are reduced, water resources on a vehicle can be saved, the energy consumption is reduced, the volumes of the water tank and the sewage tank are reduced, the requirement of light weight of the vehicle is met, and the problem of insufficient volume of the sewage tank in long-term operation is solved. Meanwhile, the toilet flushing cycle time is shortened, and the utilization rate of the toilet is correspondingly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a vacuum hygiene system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a flush button of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the diaphragm valve structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a transfer box of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the transfer box (communication port open state) of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the transfer box structure (communication port closed state) of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the transfer box of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the wastewater discharge apparatus 1, the toilet bowl 2, the water pressurizing unit 3, the vacuum generator 4, the relay box 5, the bottom plate 5a, the top plate 5b, the shroud 5c, the dirt box 6, the air-operated control unit 7, the electric control unit 8, the drain pipe 9, the communication port 10, the drain pipe 11, the diaphragm valve 12, the valve body 13, the first chamber 13a, the second chamber 13b, the diaphragm 14, the water intake passage 15, the water discharge passage 16, the vent 17, the annular boss 18, the limit boss 19, the dirt inlet 20, the wastewater inlet 21, the access door 22, the plug valve 23, the driving mechanism 24, the valve plug 25, the cover plate 26, the guide cylinder 27, the stool flushing button 28, the stool flushing button 29, the valve body 30, the valve cap 31, the through hole 33, the drain port 34, the vacuum pumping port 35.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, there is provided a vacuum sanitary system for a railway vehicle, comprising a waste water discharging apparatus 1, a toilet bowl 2, a flushing device, a vacuum generator 4, a toilet bowl flushing trigger switch, a transfer box 5, a sewage box 6, and a control unit. The waste water discharging device 1 comprises a hand washing basin, a wash basin, an electric tea fire grate water outlet, a floor drain and the like, the flushing device comprises a water pressurizing unit 3, a toilet flushing valve and the like, and the control unit comprises a pneumatic control unit 7 and an electric control unit 8.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the transfer box 5 is installed above the sewage box 6, each of the waste water discharging apparatuses 1 is connected with the transfer box 5 through a drain pipe 9, a one-way valve (not shown in the drawings) and a diaphragm valve 12 are connected in series to the drain pipe 9 of each of the waste water discharging apparatuses 1, and waste water discharged from the waste water discharging apparatus 1 flows into the transfer box 5 by gravity through the one-way valve and the diaphragm valve 12 in sequence. Wherein, the check valve is preferably an anti-odor check valve such as a duckbill check valve or a cross film check valve. The transfer box 5 is connected with the vacuum generator 4 for establishing a vacuum in the transfer box 5 when the toilet bowl 2 is used for sewage. A transfer box blow-down valve (not shown in the figure) is installed at the communication port between the transfer box 5 and the sewage box 6, and sewage in the transfer box 5 is discharged into the sewage box 6 below by gravity.
The system only relies on gravity to discharge waste water to the transfer box 5, again with the filth of transfer box 5 in to the filth incasement 6, utilize mechanical structure's diaphragm valve 12 to realize the break-make of waste water drain pipe 9, need not to establish vacuum in transfer box 5 when waste water discharges to transfer box 5, also need not to establish vacuum in the filth case 6 or beat malleation in transfer box 5 simultaneously when transfer box 5 blowdown for this system overall structure is simple, and is with low costs, and simplified the control mode, has reduced the fault point, has stopped transfer box 5 and has spouted the risk conversely, has promoted system operational reliability by a wide margin, simultaneously because transfer box 5's small, also relatively reduce the power consumption and the gas consumption of system.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the diaphragm valve 12 is integrally installed at one side of the transfer box 5, making the structure more compact. The diaphragm valve 12 includes a valve body 13. The valve body 13 is preferably made of plastic to reduce weight and cost. A diaphragm 14 is arranged in the valve body 13, the diaphragm 14 divides the valve body 13 into two diaphragm cavities, a vent 17 is arranged on the valve body 13 of the first cavity 13a on the left side, the vent 17 is communicated with the inside of the vehicle through an air pipe, and the vent communicated with the inside of the vehicle can be arranged in a toilet or beside a hand washing basin. The second cavity 13b on the right side is connected with a water inlet channel 15 and a water outlet channel 16, and the inlet of the water inlet channel 15 and the outlet of the water outlet channel 16 are respectively connected with the wastewater discharge equipment 1 such as a hand sink in the vehicle and the transfer box 5 through the water outlet pipe 9. The diaphragm 14 selectively closes or disengages from the junction of the water inlet passage 15 and the water discharge passage 16 to shut off or communicate the water flow path between the water passage 15 and the water discharge passage 16 according to the pressure difference between the first chamber 13a and the second chamber 13 b. In this embodiment, the valve body 13 is divided into two detachable parts for convenient maintenance, the two parts are fixedly connected through the clamp arranged on the outer ring, and the diaphragm 14 is pressed and fixed on the valve body 13 when the two parts are connected. Of course, the two parts of the valve body 13 can also be fixedly connected through threads, and the diaphragm 14 is pressed and fixed on the valve body 13 when the two parts are in threaded connection.
In this embodiment, the diaphragm 14 is disc-shaped and vertically installed in the valve body 13, the water inlet channel 15 is vertically arranged above the water outlet channel 16, the inlet end of the water outlet channel 16 is located below the outlet end of the water inlet channel 15, the diaphragm 14 is selectively attached to or detached from the outlet end of the water inlet channel 15, and a serpentine water flow path is formed between the inlet of the water inlet channel 15 and the outlet of the water outlet channel 16. An annular boss 18 is arranged on one side surface of the diaphragm 14 corresponding to the outlet of the water inlet channel 15, the annular boss 18 and the main body of the diaphragm 14 are integrally formed, and the annular boss 18 is attached to or separated from the outlet of the water inlet channel 15 to cut off or communicate with a water flow path.
The surface of the diaphragm 14 facing the first cavity 13a is provided with a limit boss 19 for limiting the maximum deformation amount, so that the diaphragm 14 is prevented from being deformed excessively and damaged due to excessive waste water pressure in the drain pipe 9.
The vent 17 and the water inlet channel 15 in the diaphragm valve 12 are communicated with the vehicle, and the pressure balance at two sides of the diaphragm 14 is kept. The diaphragm 14 is used to close the inlet of the water inlet passage 15 and the outlet of the water discharge passage 16, preventing aeration when the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle. Through the selection of the elasticity of the material of the diaphragm 14, the water inlet side pressure can be separated from the communicated waterway only when the water inlet side pressure is larger than the set value of the ventilation side pressure, and the sealing can be better realized under other working conditions. In this embodiment, the membrane 14 is preferably made of a silicone rubber material, and the elastic pressure of the membrane is selected to be 6 kpa-12 kpa, so as to isolate the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle, and the grey water in the vehicle flows into the transfer box 5 through the accumulated gravity water column gram sealing membrane.
When the passenger uses the toilet bowl 2 and the transfer box 5 vacuumizes, the annular boss 18 of the diaphragm valve 12 is adsorbed at the outlet of the water inlet channel 15, and the transfer box 5 forms a sealed space. When the water quantity in the drain pipe 9 reaches a certain pressure, the water inlet side pressure of the diaphragm 14 is larger than the ventilation side pressure, and the elasticity of the diaphragm 14 can be overcome, the diaphragm 14 is pushed away from the water inlet channel 15, and the waste water in the drain pipe 9 flows into the transfer box 5 by gravity through the diaphragm valve 12.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, 4, 5 and 6, the communication port 10 between the transfer box 5 and the dirt box 6 is formed by abutting the opening formed on the bottom plate 5a of the transfer box 5 and the opening formed on the top plate of the dirt box 6, and the transfer box 5 and the dirt box 6 are fixedly connected together at the corresponding openings through fastening devices such as flanges, so that the daily maintenance and repair are convenient. In order to ensure the tightness of the communication port 10, a circle of sealing rings (not shown in the figure) are arranged at the opening of the butt joint of the transfer box 5 and the sewage box 6. The transfer box 5 is directly connected with the sewage box 6, so that the structures such as a blow-off valve and the like arranged between the transfer box 5 and the sewage box 6 in the prior art are omitted, and the total height occupied by the transfer box 5 and the sewage box 6 is reduced. Because the transfer box 5 is arranged on the sewage box 6, a plurality of toilets and wastewater collection of a train can share the same transfer box 5 for collection, parts are saved, and the high-efficiency use and low energy consumption of the toilet bowl 2 are realized.
The transfer box 5 is a box-shaped structure composed of a bottom plate 5a, a top plate 5b and a coaming 5c, the top plate 5b of the transfer box 5 is a flat plate structure, the top plate 5b can be one of a circle, a square, a semicircle, an ellipse and a fan shape, one of the transfer box 5 structures can be selected according to the actual installation space, and in the embodiment, the semicircular transfer box structure is preferably adopted. A sewage inlet 20 is provided on the top plate 5b of the transfer box 5, and the end of the sewage drain pipe 11 of the toilet bowl 2 is connected to the sewage inlet 20. The enclosing plate 5c of the transfer box 5 is provided with a waste water inlet 21, a drain pipe 9 of the waste water box is connected to the waste water inlet 21, and the tail end of the exhaust pipe of the vacuum generator 4 is connected to a vacuum pumping port 35 on the top plate 5b of the transfer box. An access door 22 for servicing the transfer box 5 is provided on the coaming 1 c.
The bottom plate 5a of transfer case 5 is downward convex toper structure, and the drain 34 of transfer case 5 sets up in toper structure bottommost position, drain 34 and intercommunication mouth 10 intercommunication. This structure is advantageous in that the dirt entering the transfer box 5 flows toward the sewage outlet 34 at the center of the bottom, and thus the dirt in the transfer box 5 is discharged to the lower dirt box 6 by gravity.
The roof 5b of the transfer box 5 has a downward concave portion, and the plug valve 23 and the driving mechanism 24 are integrally installed in the concave portion, which is beneficial to further reducing the installation height of the driving mechanism 24 and shortening the stroke of the valve plug on the premise of ensuring the capacity of the transfer box 5.
In this embodiment, the transfer box drain valve preferably adopts a plug valve 23, the plug valve 23 includes a driving mechanism 24 and a valve plug 25, an output end of the driving mechanism 24 is connected with the valve plug 25, and a movement direction of the valve plug 25 is perpendicular to a plane where the communication port 10 is located. The connection between the output of the drive mechanism 24 and the valve plug 25 may be flanged or threaded for ease of routine maintenance. The valve plug 25 is driven by the driving mechanism 24 to block the communication port 10 to disconnect the communication port 10 when the transfer box 5 sucks sewage in vacuum, or to disconnect the communication port 10 to open the communication port 10 when the transfer box 5 discharges sewage to the sewage box 6.
The driving mechanism 24 may be an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a motor, or the like, so long as the valve plug 25 can be driven to do linear motion, and the driving mechanism 24 is installed outside the transfer box 5. The driving mechanism 24 is connected with the electric control unit 8 and the pneumatic control unit 7 in the excrement collecting system.
The top plate 5b of the transfer box 5 is provided with a first opening (not labeled in the figure), the driving mechanism 24 is fixed on the top plate 5b at the first opening through a first sealing and fixing structure, in this embodiment, the first sealing and fixing structure preferably adopts a cover plate 26, the diameter of the cover plate 26 is larger than that of the first opening, the cover plate 26 is fixedly mounted on the top plate 5b through bolts, the driving mechanism 24 is fixedly mounted on the cover plate 26, and the output end of the driving mechanism 24 passes through the cover plate 26 and the first opening to be fixedly connected with the valve plug 25. In order to ensure the tightness of the first opening, a ring of sealing gasket (not shown in the figure) is arranged between the cover plate 26 and the top plate 5b, so that leakage is prevented when the transfer box 5 is vacuumized.
In this embodiment, the valve plug 25 moves in the transfer box 5 in both the blocking state and the open state, the diameter of the first opening can be matched with the diameter of the output end of the driving mechanism 24, which is far smaller than the diameter of the valve plug 25, and the valve plug 25 can be subjected to routine maintenance through the access door 22 on one side. In this embodiment, in order to facilitate routine maintenance and repair of the valve plug 25, it is preferable that the diameter of the first opening is matched with that of the valve plug 25, so that the valve plug 25 can be taken out from the first opening only by opening the cover plate 26 above during maintenance and repair.
In order to ensure that the movement of the valve plug 25 is smoother, in this embodiment, it is more preferable that a cylindrical guide cylinder 27 extends from the first opening to the interior of the transfer box 5, the inner diameter of the guide cylinder 27 is the same as that of the first opening, and the valve plug 25 is an equal diameter cylinder, and moves linearly in the guide cylinder 27. The height of the guide cylinder 27 at least ensures that the valve plug 25 remains partially positioned within the guide cylinder 27 in the plugged condition.
When the diameter of the first opening is matched with the diameter of the valve plug 25, the outer peripheral surface of the valve plug 25 contacts with the inner ring of the first opening or the cylinder wall of the guide cylinder 27 when moving, when the valve plug 25 moves upwards, dirt adhered on the valve plug 25 can be scraped by the cylinder wall of the guide cylinder 27, and falls into the transfer box 5, so that the valve plug 25 is self-cleaned, and the daily maintenance cost is further reduced.
The valve plug 25 may be made of metal material, or hard rubber, nylon, plastic, etc. The bottom of the valve plug 25 is in a frustum-shaped structure converging towards the center, and the communication port 10 is matched with the bottom of the valve plug 25 to be in a frustum-shaped structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, so that the sealing performance during plugging is ensured. For convenience of manufacture, the top plate of the dirt box 6 is of a flat-mouth structure at the opening, and the transfer box 5 is of a frustum-shaped structure extending towards the dirt box 6 at the opening.
The bottom plane of the valve plug 25 is located below the communication port 10 in the blocking state, so that when the valve plug 25 moves towards the direction of the communication port 10, dirt stuck at the communication port 10 can be pushed into the dirt box 6 below, and reliable sealing in the blocking state is ensured.
The plug valve 23 can complete the connection or disconnection of the communication port 10 through the simple up-down linear motion of the plug valve 25, the whole structure is simple, the control is simple, the caliber of the communication port 10 can not be limited, and the plug valve is utilized to replace a slide valve in the prior art, so that the gravity pollution discharge is more stable and reliable, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
The above-mentioned plug valve is in the state of closing at ordinary times, and when the passenger used the stool pot 2, vacuum generator 4 was used and is taken out the vacuum to transfer case 5, and when the vacuum reached vacuum switch setting value, vacuum generator 4 stopped the work, and stool pot blowoff valve (not shown in the figure) was opened, and in the filth was taken into transfer case 5 under the effect of negative pressure, stool pot blowoff valve was closed, and communication port 10 was opened in the upward movement of control valve plug 25, and the filth gravity in the transfer case 5 was discharged into filth case 6. The sewage transfer process in the transfer box 5 is completely free from positive pressure by using gravity sewage discharge, so that the problem that the toilet bowl 2 is reversely sprayed when the parts are out of order due to the fact that the original transfer box 5 with the same low energy consumption adopts positive pressure to transfer the sewage is solved.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, a stool and urine hierarchical control structure is adopted, and the stool flushing trigger switch includes a stool trigger switch and a urine trigger switch, which are connected to the electrical control unit 8. Among them, the stool trigger switch and the urine trigger switch preferably employ a stool flushing button 28 and a urine flushing button 29 mounted on a toilet wall or a side wall, and the stool flushing button 28 and the urine flushing button 29 are manual buttons.
The electrical control unit 8 is added with a flushing amount control module on the basis of the prior art, and the flushing amount control module is connected with the stool trigger switch and the urine trigger switch and is connected with a toilet flushing valve at the same time for controlling the flushing valve to execute different corresponding flushing amounts according to the toilet state. The water flushing quantity control module comprises a first flushing control module and a second flushing control module, wherein the first flushing control module controls the water flushing quantity (0.1L) of the first flushing in the urine state to be smaller than the water flushing quantity (0.3L or 0.35L) of the first flushing in the excrement state, and the second flushing control module controls the water flushing quantity (0.15L) of the second flushing in the urine state to be equal to the water flushing quantity (0.15L) of the second flushing in the excrement state, so that the water flushing quantity L1 of the urine can be reduced from normal 0.5L to 0.25L.
The electric control unit 8 also comprises a vacuum degree control module which is connected with the stool trigger switch and the urine trigger switch and is connected with the vacuum generator 4 at the same time and used for controlling the vacuum generator 4 to establish different vacuum degrees in the transfer box 5 according to the toilet state. The vacuum degree control module controls the vacuum degree in the urine state to be smaller than the vacuum degree in the urine state, namely, different vacuum degrees can be obtained by changing the time for establishing the vacuum degree in the transfer box 5 so as to reduce the air consumption required in the urine. Or the vacuum degree control module only controls the vacuum generator 4 to execute vacuumizing action when receiving the excrement trigger signal, and establishes vacuum in the transfer box, and when receiving the excrement trigger signal, the vacuum generator 4 is not started, and urine directly flows into the transfer box 5 below under the action of gravity, so that the water consumption is reduced, the air consumption is reduced, the use times of the pipeline valve is reduced, and the service life of the pipeline valve is prolonged.
Of course, the stool trigger switch and the urine trigger switch can also adopt a human body stool and urine state sensing trigger device, and the human body stool and urine state sensing trigger device comprises a human body sensor and a timer for detecting the toilet time of a human body. The body sensor is used for detecting whether the toilet bowl 2 is in use, and the body sensor is preferably an ultrasonic sensor or an infrared sensor, and is arranged on a wall plate of a toilet at one side of the toilet bowl 2, and of course, the body sensor can also be directly arranged on the toilet bowl 2. The timer is used for detecting the using time of the toilet bowl 2, and when the human body sensor detects that a person is using, the timer starts to count the using time T of the person. The sensing trigger device is used for judging whether the toilet state is a defecation state or a urination state according to whether the detected using time T exceeds the using critical time Ts, judging that the toilet state is a defecation state when the toilet time T is larger than the critical time Ts, triggering a defecation flushing signal, and judging that the toilet state is a urination state when the toilet time T is smaller than or equal to the critical time Ts.
In order to ensure the flushing effect, the flushing amount control module is also provided with a urine number counting device, and when the counted urine number is n+1th time, the flushing amount control module controls flushing according to the flushing amount corresponding to the defecation state, namely, the system is flushed according to the normal flushing amount.
The vacuum excrement collecting system detects the state that a person is in defecation or urinating when the person is in a toilet through the sensor, is used for distinguishing different flushing amounts, reduces the water consumption when urinating, can save water resources on a vehicle, is beneficial to reducing the volumes of the water tank and the sewage tank, and meets the requirement of light weight of the vehicle.
The transfer box 5 is provided with a high liquid level switch, and the vacuum generator 4 and the high liquid level switch are connected with an electrical control unit 8. The electric control unit 8 comprises a waste water collection control module and a toilet collection control module, wherein the waste water collection control module is used for controlling the action of a transfer box blow-down valve when the liquid level of waste water collected by the transfer box 5 reaches a high liquid level, the toilet collection control module is used for controlling the action of the transfer box blow-down valve after receiving trigger signals of a stool trigger switch and a urine trigger switch, and the actions of the transfer box blow-down valve comprise an emptying action before vacuum is established in the transfer box 5 and a blow-down action after collecting toilet dirt.
Specifically, when the toilet bowl 2 is used, after the corresponding stool flushing button 28 or urine flushing button 29 of the toilet bowl 2 is pressed, the transfer box blow-down valve is opened firstly to empty the transfer box 5, the flushing valve is opened, the water pressurizing unit 3 washes the toilet bowl 2 for the first time, and the function of the step is to blow down the ash water flowing in by gravity in the transfer box 5 firstly, so that the volume of the empty transfer box 5 is increased.
The transfer box blow-off valve is closed after the design time is opened, the vacuum generator 4 works to establish vacuum for the transfer box 5, the working time for establishing vacuum is conducted by the vacuum switch or the set time for evacuating is stopped, and the toilet blow-off valve is opened to suck dirt into the transfer box 5 after the vacuum is established.
The toilet drain valve is closed, the transfer box drain valve is opened again, and the dirt in the transfer box 5 is discharged into the dirt box 6 by gravity. In this step, the toilet bowl 2 may be used once, i.e., the transfer box 5 may be emptied once, or may be emptied once after the toilet bowl 2 is used a plurality of times.
The control steps of the vacuum excrement collecting system are as follows:
S1, when the toilet bowl 2 is in standby, wastewater discharged by the wastewater discharge equipment 1 flows into the transfer box 5 through the diaphragm valve 12 according to gravity to a set liquid level, the controller controls the transfer box blow-down valve to be opened, and the wastewater is discharged into the sewage box 6 according to gravity.
S2, when the toilet bowl 2 is used, after the toilet bowl flushing button 28 or the urine flushing button 29 is pressed, the transfer box blow-down valve is opened to empty the transfer box 5, the toilet bowl flushing valve is opened, and the water pressurizing unit 3 flushes the toilet bowl 2 for the first time.
S21, in a standby state, after the control unit receives the urine flushing signal, the control unit triggers the toilet bowl 2 to flush, the first flushing water quantity is reduced to L1 (0.1L), and the second flushing water quantity is kept unchanged (0.15L).
In the standby state, after receiving the stool flushing signal, the control unit triggers the toilet bowl 2 to flush, and the first flushing water amount and the second flushing water amount are kept unchanged (0.3L for the first flushing and 0.2L for the second flushing).
S22, if the system continuously detects that the urine is in a urine state for N times and saves water for flushing, the control unit controls flushing according to the normal flushing amount when the system is used for N+1 times.
S3, closing the transfer box blow-off valve after opening the design time, enabling the vacuum generator to work to establish vacuum for the transfer box 5, enabling the vacuum switch to be conducted or evacuating the vacuum switch to be stopped for a set time, and opening the toilet blow-off valve to suck dirt into the transfer box 5 after establishing the vacuum.
S4, closing a toilet drain valve, opening a transfer box drain valve, and discharging the dirt in the transfer box 5 into the dirt box 6 by gravity. In this step, the toilet bowl 2 may be used once, i.e., the transfer box 5 may be emptied once, or may be emptied once after the toilet bowl 2 is used a plurality of times.
And S5, the water pressurizing unit 3 performs secondary flushing on the toilet bowl 2 to form a water seal, and the toilet bowl stands by.
The vacuum excrement collecting system adopts the technologies of sewage vacuum collection in the excrement collector, waste water gravity collection, gravity evacuation of the transfer box and the like, continues the advantages of low gas consumption in the original transfer type, simultaneous collection of a plurality of excrement collectors and grey water, and solves the problems of complex original waste water collecting structure, more fault points, reverse spraying risk of the transfer box and the like. The system has simple structure, stable and reliable operation, easy manufacture and maintenance and obvious integral body lowering effect.
Embodiment two:
As shown in fig. 7, the first difference between the present embodiment and the embodiment is that the plug valve 23 installed on the transfer box 5 is composed of a valve body 30, a valve plug 31 and a valve cap 32, the valve plug 31 is installed in the valve body 30, the valve body 30 is a cylinder with equal diameter, the valve plug 31 is in clearance fit with the valve body 30, and the valve plug 31 moves up and down in the valve body 30. The valve cover 32 is fixed on the top of the valve body 30 by a flange, which is convenient for daily maintenance. Of course, the valve cover 32 and the valve body 30 may be integrally formed. The drive mechanism 24 is secured above the valve cover 32.
The center of the valve plug 31 is provided with a through hole 33 which penetrates, the output rod of the driving mechanism 24 penetrates through the through hole 33, the other end of the output rod is fixed with the output rod through a nut, the output rod is fixedly connected with the valve plug 31, the connection mode is beneficial to guaranteeing the connection reliability of the output rod and the valve plug 31, loosening and falling between the output rod and the valve plug 31 after long-time use are effectively avoided, and stable and reliable movement of the valve plug 31 is guaranteed.
In this embodiment, the transfer box 5 is semicircular, and may, of course, also be arc-shaped, fan-shaped, square, etc. according to the installation space. The side of the transfer box 5 is provided with a mounting bin (not shown in the figure) which is concave inwards towards the center, the shape of the mounting bin is matched with that of one side of the plug valve body 30, the whole plug valve 23 is embedded and mounted in the mounting bin from the side, and at least half of the valve body 30 is exposed outside the transfer box 5 after being mounted. The valve body 30 is preferably an integrally cast structural member, and the valve body 30 is embedded and installed in the installation bin and then is welded and connected with the box body of the transfer box 5. The structure adopts a cast-weld combined processing technology, so that the processing steps can be simplified, the welding quantity is reduced, the welding deformation of the whole structure is effectively reduced, the sealing performance of the box body of the transfer box 5 and the valve body 30 of the plug valve 23 in a closed state is further ensured, and the working reliability of the system is ensured.
The drain 4 is arranged at the bottom of the plug valve 23, the bottom of the plug valve 2 is of a shrinkage structure converging towards the center, the top of the drain 4 is of a frustum shape, the bottom circumference of the valve plug 31 is also of a frustum structure, and when the plug valve is in a closed state, the valve plug 31 can be in sealing fit with the drain 34, so that a good sealing effect is achieved. The drain 34 is arranged at the bottom of the plug valve 23, and an integral casting structure is adopted, so that the shape and the size of the drain 34 are guaranteed, the valve plug 31 made of rubber is matched, the sealing performance of the drain 34 is guaranteed, a sealing ring for sealing is not required to be additionally arranged, the structure of the plug valve 23 is simplified, and the processing cost is reduced.
The whole plug valve 23 is installed in a semi-embedded mode from the side face of the transfer box 5, so that the structure is simpler, the manufacturability is better, the processing and the manufacturing are easy, and the daily maintenance cost is reduced.
As mentioned above, similar technical solutions can be derived from the solution content presented in connection with the figures. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a vacuum sanitary system for rail vehicle, includes waste water discharging equipment, stool pot, bath device, vacuum generator, stool pot washing trigger switch, well transfer box, filth case and control unit, its characterized in that: the waste water discharge device is connected with the transfer box through a drain pipe, a one-way valve and a diaphragm valve are connected on the drain pipe in series, waste water flows into the transfer box through the one-way valve and the diaphragm valve according to gravity, the transfer box is arranged above the sewage box, a transfer box drain valve is arranged at a communication port between the transfer box and the sewage box, sewage in the transfer box is discharged into the sewage box according to gravity, the toilet flushing trigger switch comprises a toilet trigger switch and a urine trigger switch, and the toilet trigger switch, the urine trigger switch, the transfer box drain valve, the flushing device and the vacuum generator are connected with the control unit;
The stool trigger switch and the urine trigger switch are stool flushing buttons, urine flushing buttons and/or human body stool state sensing trigger devices;
The control unit comprises a flushing water quantity control module, wherein the flushing water quantity control module is connected with a stool trigger switch, a urine trigger switch and a flushing device, the flushing water quantity control module comprises a first flushing control module and a second flushing control module, the first flushing control module controls the first flushing water quantity in a urine state to be smaller than the first flushing water quantity in a stool state, and the second flushing control module controls the second flushing water quantity in the urine state to be equal to the second flushing water quantity in the stool state;
The control unit comprises a vacuum degree control module, wherein the vacuum degree control module is connected with the stool trigger switch, the urine trigger switch and the vacuum generator, and the vacuum degree control module controls the vacuum degree of the urine state to be smaller than that of the stool state or controls the vacuum degree of the urine state to be zero.
2. A vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein: the human body urine and feces state sensing triggering device comprises a human body sensor and a timer for detecting the human body toilet time, and generates triggering signals of the urine and feces state and the urine state according to the human toilet time.
3. A vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein: the diaphragm valve is installed on one side of the transfer box, the diaphragm valve comprises a valve body, a diaphragm is installed in the valve body, the diaphragm divides the valve body into two cavities, a vent is arranged on the valve body of the first cavity, the second cavity is connected with a water inlet channel and a water discharge channel, the diaphragm can be selectively closed or separated from the joint of the water inlet channel and the water discharge channel according to the pressure difference between the first cavity and the second cavity to cut off or communicate a water flow path between the water inlet channel and the water discharge channel, and an inlet of the water inlet channel and an outlet of the water discharge channel are respectively connected with waste water discharge equipment in a vehicle and the transfer box through water pipes.
4. A vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicles according to claim 3, wherein: an annular boss is arranged on one side surface of the diaphragm, corresponding to the outlet of the water inlet channel, and is attached to or separated from the outlet of the water inlet channel so as to cut off or communicate a water flow path between the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel.
5. A vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein: the transfer box blow-down valve is a plug valve, and the plug valve is connected with the driving mechanism.
6. A vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicles according to claim 5, wherein: the transfer box is a box-shaped structure consisting of a bottom plate, a top plate and a coaming, the bottom plate is of a conical structure protruding downwards, a mounting bin recessed inwards towards the center is arranged on the side face of the transfer box, the plug valve is embedded and mounted in the mounting bin from the side face, and the driving mechanism is mounted at the top of the plug valve.
7. A vacuum sanitary system for railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein: the waste water collecting control module is used for controlling the action of a waste water discharging valve of the transfer box when the liquid level of waste water collected by the transfer box reaches the high liquid level, and the toilet collecting control module is used for controlling the action of the waste water discharging valve of the transfer box after receiving trigger signals of a stool trigger switch and a urine trigger switch, wherein the actions of the waste water discharging valve of the transfer box comprise emptying actions before vacuum is built in the transfer box and discharging actions after collecting toilet dirt.
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| CN1598175A (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-03-23 | 钱洪祺 | Valve controlling type water-saving toilet with less than three litre water consumption |
| CN201809837U (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2011-04-27 | 辉煌水暖集团有限公司 | Smart dirt-suction toilet bowl |
| CN105369868A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-02 | 三河蓝洁士环保科技有限公司 | Water-saving toilet fitting capable of automatically recognizing and flushing urine and excrement and toilet cleaning method thereof |
| CN207121967U (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-03-20 | 苏克 | A kind of closestool with water-saving function |
| CN108360631B (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2020-04-21 | 陕西汇丰悦水循环科技有限公司 | Wisdom control system of ecological environmental protection lavatory |
| CN111114573B (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2024-08-02 | 青岛亚通达铁路设备有限公司 | Gravity blowdown mechanism of excrement collecting system for train and vacuum excrement collecting system |
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